International Energy Efficiency Building

An Overview of Building Energy
Efficiency in India
Satish Kumar, Ph.D.
Chief of Party, USAID ECO-III Project
International Resources Group
International Building Energy

Efficiency and ZEB Conference
Beijing, China (March 31st, 2010)
Presentation Outline
World Energy Scenario
Indian Energy Scenario
Why Buildings ?
Indias Building Sector
Current Programs and Policies
ECO-III Contributions
Path Forward



Cumulative Power Sector Investment, 2005-2030
billion dollars (2005)
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
OECD
European
Union
United Transition
States economies
Capacity replacement
China
India
Latin
Rest of
America developing
countries
Demand increase
The largest investments are needed in developing Asia especially

countries like China and India mostly to meet surging demand
(Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual 2006 (June-December 2008)

Energy Scenario in India

Installed Capacity in India Approx. 160,000 MW
Projected Capacity in 2030 800,000 MW
600 MW capacity addition each week
Requirements vs Achievements of Installed Capacity
Continued deficit supply in
Electric Power in
MW
2007-08 (MOP)
35000
31200
Peak power deficit of 16.6%
30000
Energy Deficit of 9.9%
25000
Capacity Added by China in
20000
last two years 180,000 MW 15000
10000
5000
6853
7263
3569
Capacitiy Addition
estimated in
Planning
Commision' s
Integrated Energy
Policy Report
6257
3454
Capacity installed
during the year
0
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Source: Planning Commision's-- Integrated Energy Policy Report 2006 ,

Ministry of Power's-- Annual Report 2007-08
Presentation on 'Indian Power Sector: Key Issues'- R.V. Sahi (2006)

Energy Scenario in India

Public Water
Works &
Sewage
Pumping
3%
Miscellaneous
2%
Domestic
24%
Agricultutre
21%
Traction
(Railways)
2%
State-wise Per Capita Electricity

Consumption During the Year 2007-08
1800
1614
1600
1486
1433
Public Lighting
1%
1400
Electricity in kWh
Commercial
9%
Industry
38%
1200
1020
1000
800
National Average
623
600
439
400
188
200
101
0
Punjab
Gujarat
Delhi
Maharashtra
Madhya
West Bengal
Assam
Pradesh
Source: Central Electricity Authority's 'Year End Review 2007-08'
Source: General Review 2009, Central Electricity Authority
Bihar

Why Buildings?
Buildings are responsible for over 33% energy consumption and

associated GHG emissions in industrialized and developing
countries
Bulk of emissions occur during operation (use) of buildings
HVAC
Lighting
Equipment and Appliances
Fastest growing and largest segments of buildings market

are in developing countries
China, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico

Projected Growth Across Building Sector in India
Source: McKinsey Analysis

Growth in the Indian Building Sector

Commercial Buildings Growth Forecast
Currently, ~ 950 million m2 (USAID ECO-III Internal Estimate Using CEA and
Benchmarked Energy Use data)
In 2030,~ 3,200 million m2 (estimated) *
70% building stock is yet to be constructed
Opportunity for the government - 50% of the new construction in the public
sector
30%
950
70%
Yet to be built
Year: 2009
* Assuming 6% Annual Growth
Year: 2030
ENERGY CONSERVATION BUILDING CODE (ECBC)

Covers new buildings and ensures
minimum energy performance reqs.
ECBC launched by Govt. of India on
27th May,2007
Building components included
Building Envelope (Walls, Roofs,
Windows)
Lighting (Indoor and Outdoor)
Heating Ventilation and Air
Conditioning (HVAC) System
Solar Water Heating and Pumping
Electrical Systems (Power Factor,
Transformers)

Energy Conservation Building Code Implementation
Moving From Technical Content Development and

Capacity Building to Implementation
ECBC Implementation Roadmap
Framework to test ECBC implementation in one state
Replicate the model
ECBC Compliance Check Tools

ECONirman to check prescriptive and trade-off compliance
Certified Building Energy Professionals

Introduce rigor through a BEE-Certified program
Fully conversant with ECBC clauses and specifications
Basic understanding of building physics
Training and certification for ECBC Evaluators/Code Compliance officials

ECBC Compliance Check Software: ECONirman

Overview:
Develop an efficient, fast and scalable tool for checking compliance.
building meets the compliance requirements as set by ECBC
Developed as a web application

Can be extended to PC application
Being developed in partnership with BEE and US DOE (Pacific Northwest

National Laboratory Developer of ComCheck)
Objectives:
Input parameters: Site location, building data, materials and system data.
Store information in a separate database for easy future access and maintenance.
Provision for transferring/developing the data for country wide survey and data
analysis.
Tailored for conditions prevalent in the Indian sub-continent.
System Level Checks Full or partial compliance reporting
ECBC Compliance Check Software: ECONirman

ECBC Implementation Framework Central and State

Govt. Level
Legend:
1. Notification to initiate ECBC
implementation in the states
2. Directives to start ECBC implementation
process
3. Existing General Development Control
Regulation (GDCR) Document
4. Administrative Inputs
5. Technical Inputs
6. Recommendations for developing Model
GDCR
7. Model GDCR for all ULBs
8, 9, and n: Amended building Bye Laws for
approval of State Legislative Assembly
8*, 9*, and n*: Approved Bye Laws for
ULBs to enforce
Abbreviations:
MoP
BEE
SDA
: Ministry of Power
: Bureau of Energy Efficiency
: State Designated Agency under
EC Act
MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development
UDD
: Urban Development Department
ULB
: Urban Local Body

ECBC Implementation Framework Municipal Level
Legend:
A: Approved/ Ammended
Building Bye Laws
B: Inspecting by Third
Party
C: Inspection and
Certification Report
D: Certification Report

LEED INDIA rating from
INDIAN GREEN BUILDING

COUNCIL (IGBC)

LEED India
A voluntary, market-driven building rating system based on UGBCs LEED
rating system.
Evaluates environmental performance from a whole building perspective
over a buildings life cycle.
Covers five environmental categories:
Sustainable Sites
Rating
New Construction Core & Shell
(NC)
(C&S)
Water Efficiency
LEED Certified
26-32
23-27
Energy & Atmosphere
LEED Certified Silver level
33-38
28-33
Materials & Resources
LEED Certified Gold level
39-51
34-44
Indoor Environmental
LEED Certified Platinum level
52-69
45-61
Quality
Currently 531 buildings are registered under LEED and 73 buildings are
certified

Growth of Green Buildings

LEED India from Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
600
531
(As on March)
500
465
400
322
300
Regis tered
Certified
200
63
100
80
1
2 1
10 2 17
540
15
10
73
30
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
All types of buildings, all over the country :

International Building
Energy . . .
IT Parks, Offices, Banks, Airport, Convention Centre, Institutions, Hotels, Residential,
Factories
Green Rating for Integrated

Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)
From Ministry of New &
Renewable Energy(MNRE)
Government of India

GRIHA - Highlights
Set of 34 criteria
100 (+4 innovation points)
point system with differential
weightage on various criteria

51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81- 90
91- 100

GRIHA Rating
Total Projects
Number of
Buildings
Total Area, Sq.ft
Certified Buildings
2*
6,00,867
Registered
Buildings
36*
2,19,29,769
* As of March 2010
GRIHA is the National Rating System

Central Public Works Department(CPWD), the construction arm of Govt. of India
has adopted it as its Green Building Standard
Govt of India has decided to build all its new buildings to meet minimum of GRIHA
3 Star rating.

First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur
Trees preserved and protected
Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems
N-S Orientation with shading

(roof/window)
Outdoor solar lights
Lesser paving
Eco- Housing India

Focus Areas
Points
Site Planning
260
Environment Architecture
80
Efficient Building Materials
200
Energy Efficient Lighting
50
Solar Water Heaters
50
Water Conservation
200
Solid Waste Management
80
Other Innovative Measures
80
Range
Rating
500
501 600
601 700
701 800
>800
*
**
***
****
*****
Building stock
Role of Codes and Standards and Green Buildings in Improving

Energy Efficiency
Codes and
Green Building
Standards
Practices
Building Energy Performance
Codes and standards are effective tools for pushing up the low end of
design and construction practice; they are most effective when accompanied
by programs that demonstrate more efficient construction practice.
Relationship of ECBC With Other Programs

Program
Organizatio
n
ECBC
Ministry of
Power/BEE
LEED-India
CII-Green
Business
Center
GRIHA
MNRE
Complianc
Building Type Building With
e Required
Voluntary
Commercial
Voluntary
Commercial/
Institutional
Voluntary
Residential/
Commercial/
Institutional
Environmental
Ministry of
Impact
Commercial/
Environment Mandatory
Assessment
Residential
and Forests
(EIA)
Connected
Load>=500k
W
Contract
Demand
>=600kVA
Scope
Linkage to
ECBC
Energy
Efficiency
NA
Refers to ECBC
Sustainable
for energy
design/green
efficiency
building
credits
Refers to ECBC
Sustainable
for energy
design/green
efficiency
building
credits
ECBC and
Environmental
Applicable to Environmenta
Clearance
Large Projects l Impact
requirements
are related
Macro Analysis Building Population

Education
Institutions
(31)
Others
(28)
N=760
Retail
Malls (43)
Hospitals,
152
Offices,
317
Hotels,
182

Benchmarking
Number of
Buildings
145
55
88
224
10
Building Type
Floor Area
(m2)
OFFICE BUILDINGS
One shift Buildings
16,716
Three shifts Buildings
31,226
Public Sector Buildings
15,799
Private Sector Buildings
28,335
Green Buildings
8,382
HOSPITALS
Annual Energy
Consumption
(kWh)
Benchmarking Indices
kWh/m2/year
149
349
115
258
20,92,364
88,82,824
18,38,331
44,98,942
15,89,508
141
kWh/m2/year
kWh/bed/year
128
Multi-specialty Hospitals
8721
24,53,060
378
13,890
22
Government Hospitals
19,859
13,65,066
88
2,009
kWh/m2/year
kWh/room/year
279
24,110
HOTELS
89
Luxury Hotels (4 and 5

Star)
19,136
48,65,711
Averages for different commercial buildings

(Source: Building Energy Benchmarking study undertaken by the USAID ECO-III Project)
Energy Intensity Level for different Building Types

Frequency Distribution Energy Intensity for Private

and Public sector office buildings
60
55
Private Sector
Office Buildings
Number of buildings
50
42
40
40
30
21
24
23
19
20
10
0
0 - 50
51 - 100
401 - 500
Above 500
0 - 50
21
51 - 100
23
101 - 200
201 - 300
55
42
301 - 400
40
401 - 500
24
Above 500
19
N=224
Publicsector
Office Buildings
28
30
25
20
Buildings
33
35
Number of buildings
101 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 400

EPI Range, kWh/sqm/year
EPIRange
18
15
10
7
4
401 - 500
Above 500
0
0 - 50
51 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
EPI Range
0 - 50
51 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 - 500
Above 500
Buildings
18
33
28
7
4
0
0
N=90
EPI Range, kWh/sqm/year

Office Building Performance = f(Air conditioning load)

400
350
N=69
300
AC floor space
below 50%
50
250
94
Median: 68
200
Mean:
150
100
50
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69
1200
1000
N=215
800
AC floor space
above 50%
600
400
Mean: 257
200
Median: 220
1
8
15
22
29
36
43
50
57
64
71
78
85
92
99
106
113
120
127
134
141
148
155
162
169
176
183
190
197
204
211

Star Rating Program
Performance Based Building

Rating Program
BEE 5 Star Labels
Existing
Scheme
Office Buildings- Single shift

BPO Buildings
Under
Development
Hospitals
Hotels
Shopping Malls

SCHEME FOR RATING OF BUILDINGS

The Star Rating Program for buildings is based on actual performance of
the building in terms of specific energy usage (kWh/sq m/year).
This program would rate office buildings on a 1-5 Star scale with 5 Star
labeled buildings being the most efficient.
Five categories of buildings - office buildings, hotels, hospitals, retail malls,

and IT Parks in five climate zones in the country have been identified.
Office buildings in the following 3 climatic zones for air-conditioned and

non- air-conditioned:
Warm and Humid

Composite
Hot and Dry
It will be subsequently extended to other climatic zones and building types.

Scheme for BPO Buildings

Based on Average Annual Hourly Energy Performance Index(AAhEPI)
Program targeted at BPO buildings in 4 climatic zones
Warm & Humid
Composite
Hot & Dry
Temperate
1 to 5 Star Scale with 5 Star being the most energy efficient
Scheme is in place from December 2009

Star Rating India will it be moving this way?

Strengthening/Creating EE Institutions
Establishment of three Regional Energy Efficiency Centres
Building Envelope & Energy Modeling CEPT
Government of India, Government of Gujarat, US Department of Energy, NFRC, Glazing Society
of India
SMEs (Industrial Furnaces) SEE-Tech

Domestic Appliances WBREDA
Major Objectives of REECs
Enhance energy efficiency awareness and education among energy end-users
Facilitate showcasing and demonstration of energy efficient products for public at
large
Promote development (incubation) of energy efficient technologies
Encourage research and interdisciplinary collaboration on energy efficiency
Catalyze the development and growth of energy efficiency market and business in
the country

Regional Energy Efficiency Centers

Framework for Architectural Curriculum Enhancement

Regulatory framework for
Education
Ministry of Human
Resource
Development
(MHRD)
Department of School
Education & Literacy
Department of Higher
Education (Technical)
Architectural
Education
Student
CURRICULUM
R&D
UGC
COUNCILS
All India Council for
Technical Education
(AICTE) National
Accreditation Board
Council of
Architecture (COA)
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
MARKET
MECHANISMS &
POLICY
FRAMEWORKS
Regulations,
Policies and Acts
Building Ratings
and Energy efficiency
Standards
FUNDING &
SUPPORT
Teachin
g
University Grants
Commission
Architectural
Profession
Professional
Socio-economic, Cultural and Environmental

Needs
BUILT
ENVIRONMENT

Curriculum Enhancement for Academic Institutes

Long-term Capacity Development Initiative A Unique Activity
Focus on HR Development at the national level and help prepare next generation
of architects and engineers
National Institute of Advanced Studies in Architecture and the Bureau of

Energy Efficiency
Enabling Government-Industry-University partnership
18 educational institutions involved; 20 more to join
Focus on Building Physics and Energy Simulation and Integration in Architectural
Design Studio
Train the Trainer and Regional Workshops

Building Energy Efficiency: Path Forward

Net Zero Energy Building Goals
Integrate Energy Efficiency with Renewable Energy
Develop a framework for separate residential energy code
Target best bang for buck sub-sectors
High-rise residential development
Public housing sector
Keep it simple develop an 80% solution

Integrate Standards and Labeling program
Skills development and enhancement program for building trade
professionals
Preserve and pass on traditional knowledge
Vocational training
Invest in the future
Work with architecture and engineering colleges
Prepare the next generation of building design professionals
Work with Govt. and Industry to Inspire Game

Changing Technologies and Policies
India should embrace and require adaptive thermal comfort standards
that is based on sound science and takes into account thermal preferences
of people in tropical climates.
Challenge the Air-conditioning industry to come up with game-changing
technology
How to Make Promising and Innovative Energy-Efficient Technologies Into
Mainstream Technologies
Solar Cooling, Radiant Cooling, Vapor Absorption, Direct-Indirect Evaporative Cooling,
Ground-Source Heat Pump
Challenge the Industry to Reduce HVAC efficiency from 0.75 to 1.25 kW/ton
of refrigeration to 0.4 to 0.6 kW/ton (50% reduction)
Use de-centralized system (energy-efficient, better controls, etc.)
Identify technologies that provide comfort conditioning and show 50%
energy reduction
IT Industry Placed India on Global Map; CET Industry Should Make India
Global Leader

ECO-III Project Partners - Key to Success

Public Sector Partners
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
International Partners: US DOS, US
DOE, LBNL, EVO, AEE, NFRC
Reserve Bank of India, CPWD
GUDC, GEDA, PEDA and WBREDA
World Bank
Industry Associations
CII Green Business Center
NASSCOM, ISHRAE
Glazing Society of India
Private Sector Partners

Alliance to Save Energy, NPC, DSCL
Energy Services, CEPT, Conzerv,
NISST, See-Tech, AEEE
Infosys
DLF
E-Source, Colorado, USA
DesignBuilder, UK
Academic Institutions
20 Architecture/Engineering Colleges
CEPT, IIT-KGP, IIT-R, IIIT, MNIT
IIM Ahmedabad
IIT Roorkee
Technical University of Vienna
Thank You
Contact Information
Satish Kumar, Ph.D.
Chief of Party, USAID ECO-III Project
Phone: +91-11-2685-3110
Email: skumar@irgltd.com
URL: www.eco3.org


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An Overview of Building Energy

International Building Energy

International Building Energy

World Energy Scenario

International Building Energy

World Energy Scenario

billion dollars (2005)

The largest investments are needed in developing Asia especially

International Building Energy

Energy Scenario in India

Source: Planning Commision's-- Integrated Energy Policy Report 2006 ,

International Building Energy

Energy Scenario in India

State-wise Per Capita Electricity

International Building Energy

Buildings are responsible for over 33% energy consumption and

Fastest growing and largest segments of buildings market

International Building Energy

Projected Growth Across Building Sector in India

Source: McKinsey Analysis

Growth in the Indian Building Sector

ENERGY CONSERVATION BUILDING CODE (ECBC)

International Building Energy

Energy Conservation Building Code Implementation

Moving From Technical Content Development and

ECBC Compliance Check Tools

Certified Building Energy Professionals

Training and certification for ECBC Evaluators/Code Compliance officials

ECBC Compliance Check Software: ECONirman

Developed as a web application

Being developed in partnership with BEE and US DOE (Pacific Northwest

ECBC Compliance Check Software: ECONirman

International Building Energy

ECBC Implementation Framework Central and State

International Building Energy

ECBC Implementation Framework Municipal Level

International Building Energy

LEED INDIA rating from

INDIAN GREEN BUILDING

International Building Energy

International Building Energy

Growth of Green Buildings

All types of buildings, all over the country :

Green Rating for Integrated

International Building Energy

International Building Energy

Total Area, Sq.ft

GRIHA is the National Rating System

International Building Energy

First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur

Trees preserved and protected

Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems

N-S Orientation with shading

Eco- Housing India

Efficient Building Materials

Energy Efficient Lighting

Solar Water Heaters

Solid Waste Management

Other Innovative Measures

Role of Codes and Standards and Green Buildings in Improving

Relationship of ECBC With Other Programs

Macro Analysis Building Population

International Building Energy

Luxury Hotels (4 and 5