Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Submission Details
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Hydro Generator
A. Rating
B. Layout &Structural Detail
C. Stator
D. Rotor
E. Upper &Lower Bracket
F. Bearing & Breaking System
G. Cooling System
H. Fire Extinguishing System
12
Generator Transformer
A. Rating
B. General Construction Features
C. Transformer Cooling System
D. Generator Transformer Protection
16
Conclusion
20
ABHILASH RAWAT
PAGE
NUMBER
TOPICS
SERIAL
NUMBER
1
Location of Powerhouse
Mentor
Duration
Title Of Report
Name
Abhilash Rawat
College
University
Discipline
Electrical Engineering
Roll.no
110970105001
ABHILASH RAWAT
SUBMISSION DETAILS
Acknowledgement
Abhilash Rawat
THDC Institute Of Hydropower & Technology
ABHILASH RAWAT
INTRODUCTION
The Tehri Dam is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam at the confluence of Bhagirathi
and Bhilangna River at Tehri in Uttarakhand, India. Tehri Hydro Power Projects comprises of three
phases. Phase 1: Tehri HEP (4X250MW) was completed in 2006, Phase 2: Koteshwar HEP
(4X100MW) was completed in 2012. The Tehri Dam withholds a reservoir for irrigation, municipal
water supply and the generation of 1,400 MW of hydroelectricity.
Third phase: (4X250MW) Pumped storage Plant of hydroelectricity generation is under
construction. This dam is worlds 3rd largest rock fill dam. The complex will afford irrigation to an
area of 270,000 hectares (670,000acres), irrigation stabilization to an area of 600,000 hectares
(1,500,000acres), and supply of 270 million gallons of water per day to the industrialize areas of
Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
ABHILASH RAWAT
4x250 MW Tehri HPP stage -1 comprises an underground powerhouse of size 196x20x61.7m and
is designed to accommodate four no. 250MW generating units coupled to vertical Francis turbines
working under a net head of 188 m along with its mechanical and electrical auxiliaries. A separate
cavern of size 161x17x28.9 m has been designed to accommodate eight numbers of 15.75/420kv
, three phase Generator Transformer at EL 605 m out of which four numbers for Tehri HPP stage-1
has been installed and four no. of Generator Transformer for future PUMP STORAGE PLANT
(PSP). 7 Bays of 420kV Gas Insulated Switchgears and associated equipment have been installed
at EL 618m. Provisions for future extension for PSP has been made for 04 numbers incoming bays
and 01 no. outgoing bays besides a provision for one starting bus to be added in future for back to
back starting of PSP , if required. Two circuits of 420kv Gas Insulated Bus Ducts (GIB) have been
extended to the Port yard from where two nos. 400kv overhead lines of length 182 & 184 km each
are taking off to Meerut Sub Station(Power Grid) for evacuation of the power.
Projects/State
Installed
Remarks
River/Basin
Capacity(MW)
1000
Uttarakhand
ii.
Koteshwar HEP
Bhagirathi
2006-07
400
Uttarakhand
Total
Commissioned in
Commissioned in
Bhagirathi
2011-12
1400
Tehri PSP
1000
Uttarakhand
ii.
Vishnugad
444
Pipalkoti HEP,
ROR scheme on
Alaknanda
Alaknanda River
Uttarakhand
Total
1444
ABHILASH RAWAT
i.
Salient Features
a) Geographical Features:
1. LOCATION
State
District
Dam
Power House
River
: Uttarakhand
: Tehri Garhwal
: At the confluence of river Bhagirathi and Bhilangana
: Bhagirathipuram
: Bhagirathi
2. DAM
Type
Top Level
Height
Width at river bed
Length at TOP
Width at top
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
El-835.5 meter
EL-830 meter,
EL-740 meter
3540 MCM
925MCM
42 Sq.km
18 Sq.km
4. HYDROLOGY
Catchment area
Max. observed discharge
:
:
7511 Sq. Km
3800Cumecs
ABHILASH RAWAT
3. RESERVOIR
Turbine Generator coupling chamber: Lower Guide bearing, servo motors for opening and
closing of wicket gates
ABHILASH RAWAT
Oil Pressure Unit-(MIV) Air oil vessel, Air vessel, two induction motors attached with pump
immersed underneath sump oil section to maintain oil and air pressure for vessels.
Station Control Area (Control Building): It is an underground multi-storey building having lowest floor
at 600.0m and top floor at El. 622.0m.
ABHILASH RAWAT
Butterfly Valve Chamber: The Butterfly Valve Chamber houses 4 nos. butterfly valves of 5000mm
size. Penstock Assembly Chamber is an underground cavern parallel to BVC, Fire Fighting System,
Drainage Pump Station no.3 (DPS-III).
Power House:
E.L.- 584 m:
Cooling Unit- Cooling water system is provided in the power house for cooling of generating units
and generator transformers. It is provided fully independent open circuit cooling system for each
unit, and double-loop cooling water system for each transformer. Cooling water for users is taken
from the penstock and the draft tube. Water for ejector operation is fed from the penstocks, while the
drawn-in water is taken from the draft tubes and passes through the deaerators to get the water free
of air bubbles accumulated there during passing the runner chambers.
Main Inlet Spherical Valve (MIV): The spherical valve is of the horizontal shaft type and comprises:
split body, split rotor, rotor trunnions, service and maintenance seals, bearings, lock and other
components and parts. The spherical valve gets closed both when there is no flow in the penstock
(i.e. when the wicket gates are closed) and under flow conditions by the counterweights attached to
the levers. The spherical valve is opened by two swinging servomotors operated by the valve oil
pressure system. The spherical valve is to be opened after filling up the spiral case with water and
pressure differential across the valve maximum 0.3 MPa.
Hydro Turbine: Four numbers of Vertical Francis Turbine are installed in power house. Each
machine has a rated capacity of 255 MW and can be operated in the head range of 122.6-230.1 m.
The unique feature of the design of Francis turbine is that single runner is capable of operation
under large head variation of over 100.0m.The direction of rotation is anti-clock wise when viewed
from the top.
ABHILASH RAWAT
Excitation System:
Start up, field flashing and switching to the system by precise synchronizing.
Operation of the generator at loads varying from no load to maximum load for the generator.
Operation in the synchronous condenser mode both with inductive and capacitive load.
Field forcing at the set voltage response and de excitation at disturbances in the power grid
causing voltage rise or drop in the system.
Rotor field suppression by the field circuit breaker at protection operation with simultaneous
inversion of the rectifying unit.
Operation on joint control maintaining even distribution of the reactive load between
machines.
Limiting the ratio of ceiling field current to nominal field current by two (2) per unit without time
delay as well limiting of over load by the time-inverse characteristics.
Limiting minimum field current with set point depending on generator active power in the
mode of VAR load demand from the grid.
ABHILASH RAWAT
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ABHILASH RAWAT
The electronic governor has provision for both automatic operation as well as manual control
through the hydraulic actuator. The governor comes into action when the turbine start signal is
given from the unit control board/control room. It then regulates the speed of the generating unit
in operation. The governor is of proportional differential (PD) action type. The governor has high
sensitivity, quick response to speed/load changes.
Hydraulic actuator unit of governor consists of oil pumping unit, oil pressure accumulator, oil
leakage unit, amplifier and solenoid operated distributing valve etc. the hydraulic actuator unit has
following features:
Two numbers remotely controlled (from control room) shut down devices for normal and
emergency closure of wicket gates. For emergency closure both solenoid operated valves
are fed from two independent 220 V DC sources.
Independent emergency solenoid valve which operates in emergency conditions and send
the pressurized oil directly to the wicket gate servomotors by passing the governor.
Control devices for the manual operation allowing opening and closing of wicket gates to any
position.
Wicket gate maximum opening limiting device.
Transmitter for wicket gate and limiter position.
Direct indication of gate limit and position on actuator unit
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HYDRO GENERATOR
Hydro generator (CB 870/300-28) is a vertical shaft, alternating current, 3-phase synchronous
machine of semi umbrella type with combined thrust and lower guide bearing located below the rotor
and upper guide bearing above the rotor. Guide bearing are arranged in the oil bath of upper and
lower brackets and thrust bearing in oil bath of lower bracket. The generator is designed for nominal
output of 250 MW and maximum continuous output of 275 MW at 0.9 lagging power facto the
rotational speed of the machine is 214.3 rpm and runaway speed is 410 rpm.
ABHILASH RAWAT
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STATOR
Stator frame is form construction made of steel sheet rolled metal. It consists of horizontal shelves,
vertical rip and sheeting. Stator frame has a ring shape and consists of four sections, which are
welded at site. There are a number of apertures in stator frame for winding terminals and air coolers.
Stator core is assembled of varnished laminations, stamped of 3432-type coiled cold rolled
electrical steel with 35mm thickness. Core is arranged to stacks by height, with ventilation ducts
between them for provision of effective stator ventilation.
Stator winding is wave bar type.
Stator winding consists of 696 Rebel bars.
Main insulation is thermosetting Monolit- type, made of F-class materials with epoxy binding
agent. Fastening of winding bars is provided by slot wedges with use of flexible polyurethane gasket
between the upper bar and slot wedge.
ROTOR
Rotor of hydro generator consists of rotor hub, thrust bearing hub and shaft extension with planted
upper guide bearing hub, spider, stacked rim, twenty-eight poles. Rotor rim is assembled of
segments, stamped of steel with 4mm thickness. Pole cores are assembled of punched steel sheet
with 2 mm thickness. This sheet has insulating coating in order to decrease the losses. They are
pressed by steel pole end plates with pressing studs. Pole coils are made of copper band. Turn to
turn insulation is glass type with epoxy binding agent (class F materials). The main insulation of pole
core is glass textolite (Class F material). Poles are fastened to rotor rim with T-shape tales and
counter wedges. During installation of poles on rotor rim, the pole coil should be drawn in to pole
shoe with springs.
Upper brackets supports to stator. It has central part and twelve arms. Oil bath of upper guide
bearing is located in central part of bracket. Ten oil coolers and guide bearing are built into central
part. Upper flooring of generator is disposed on top of bracket arms. It consists of support beams
and steel sheets. Felt gaskets are installed between flooring sheets and support beams in order to
decrease the noise in machine hall. Upper hood with brush rocker is installed on central part of
ABHILASH RAWAT
UPPER BRACKETS
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LOWER BRACKET
Lower bracket is radial type welded construction with central part and twelve arms, which supports
to foundation. Oil bath of lower guide and thrust bearing is located in central part of bracket. Twelve
oil coolers are built in to it. Lower bracket is the support for unit shaft. Bracket is installed on it. There
are twelve support jacks on lower bracket arms for suppression of radial displacement. Sole plates of
lower bracket fasten to foundation by means of studs and anchor plates.
BEARINGS
Upper and lower guide and thrust bearings are lubricated without use of separate installed oil
circulation pumps. Upper guide bearing is located in central part of upper bracket above stator and
rotor of hydro generator. Thrust bearing has rotating disk (runner) with polished bottom surface and
twelve fixed pads on rigid supports. Friction surface of pads is coated with linings on TEFLON basis.
Thrust bearing pads are installed by means of flexible disk supports on bolts with spherical heads.
These bolts allow adjusting the height of supports and providing the equal load on each pad.
Support bolt with spherical head allow the pads to self adjust into operation position. Thrust
bearing runner has the insulation against shaft current. Lower guide bearing and thrust bearing are
located in oil bath in central part of lower bracket under rotor. Twelve oil coolers are installed in oil
bath of lower guide and thrust bearing. Cooling water circulates by U-shape tubes of these coolers.
Guide bearings consist of set of pads located around the hubs fastened on shaft.
Upper and guide bearing pads have the same design. Guide bearings contain twelve pads. Friction
surfaces of bearings pads are coated with -83 babbit. Self adjusted pads have the insulation
against the shaft current. Oil baths of bearing are covered with special seal shields, which prevent
the penetration of oil vapor and splashes into generator.
Electrical and Mechanical (auxiliary) braking is used for regular braking. When hydro generator is
disconnected from grid, turbine wicket gate is closed and rotation speed is reduced down to 50% of
rated value, short-circuiting of main terminals of stator winding and current supply into rotor winding
from brake thyristor converter occurs. When rotation speed reduced down to 10% of rated value,
the mechanical breaking is automatically switched on. In case of electrical braking system failure, or
electrical damage of generator, the mechanical breaking is automatically switched on, when rotation
speed will become 10% of rated value. Twenty four pneumatic brakes provide the mechanical
breaking. They are installed under rotor rim and operated by compressed air with 0.8 MPa pressure.
ABHILASH RAWAT
BRAKING SYSTEM
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ABHILASH RAWAT
Automatic switching on water supply is carried out by pneumatic driven valve. Pneumatic valve is
controlled by electric signal, which is supplied by fire alarm detector(four VMX 1000 F 90
temperature detectors and four IMX 1001 E type smoke detectors installed on wall of generator pit) ,
or from control board.
15
306 MVA
420 kV
15.75 kV
420.6 A
11217.1 A
14.5%10%
OFWF
40C.
53C.
284.6 t
54.47 t,
62600 l
SI 1050 LI 1300- AC 38
LI 95 AC 38
179100 Kg
2530 Lpm
2300 Lpm
The tank cover mounts the H.V. and L.V. bushings. The 420 kV bushings HV are of special oil-SF6
construction. Flange connection consists of two parts. One is standard transformer bushing; the
other is connection device from SF6 switchgear side intended for connection with switchgear
equipment. Main bushings of incomers consist of resin-impregnated base with grading layer for
monitoring. On the 15.75 kV side the oil-filled L.V. bushings with porcelain insulation parameters
24kV/12.5 kA are installed.
The conservator is mounted above the tank cover on a separate support structure. The pipe
connecting the conservator to the tank contains the Buchholtz relay. The Buchholz relay is isolated
from the conservator with an isolating gate valve and with an isolating butterfly valve from the
transformer tank.
At variation of load and temperature of the transformer the oil level varies (breathes). In order to
avoid ingress of moisture with air into the transformer during breathing, the silica gel dryer is
installed. Additional protection of oil is achieved by provision of enclosure made of air-filled oilresistant nitrite rubber. The enclosure is floating on the oil surface of the conservator following the
oil level. The enclosure is connected with the dryer, therefore, the air increasing in it is always dry.
Such system prevents from direct contact of transformer oil with ambient air thus decreasing
potential of oil contamination due to pollution, increase of oxygen content.
ABHILASH RAWAT
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ABHILASH RAWAT
Water of the secondary loop is handled by two pumps located at El.600.00 m in bus duct galleries.
Normally one pump operates; the other pump goes into operation automatically as stand by. Water
flows in the primary and secondary loops are controlled by the flow meter with remote indication.
Water temperature of the secondary loop is monitored by the electro contact thermometer. Design
water flow in the primary loop is 250m3/hr. The rate of water flow in the secondary loop is 135m3/hr.
Check temperature of water at the heat exchanger outlet: raw water maximum 30C, clean water
maximum 35C. There are two oil coolers in the system; one of them is standby. The oil cooler
should reduce oil temperature by 10-15C and maintain temperature of the upper oil strata at 5055C.
17
Winding high temperature protection (26X) comprises temperature detectors installed in the
transformer tank.
ABHILASH RAWAT
Insulation monitoring on 15.75kV side (59N) wired to the open delta of TV5 actuates
failure signal;
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CONCLUSION
ABHILASH RAWAT
The vocational training at Tehri HEP(4X250 MW) helped me in improving my practical knowledge and
awareness of Synchronous Generator & Transformer to a large extent. Here I came to know about
the technology used in power generation. Besides this, I observed and experienced the machinery
and equipments used in the power generation. I also learnt about how the electrical equipment are
being operated and how they tackle and various problems under different circumstances. I could say
that the summer training at Tehri HEP(4X250MW) is of great experience for me and it really helped
me in developing my knowledge about generator & transformer and other equipment used in power
generation.
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