Index

Introduction 2
OBJECTIVES: 3
Basic conditions in the security of the machines 3
Safety standards of the Machines and Equipment in the workplace 4
Safety signs 6
Safety and health at work in confined spaces 7
Maintenance 7
Types of maintenance 7
Corrective maintenance 8
Preventive maintenance 8
Predictive maintenance 9
The advantages of predictive maintenance 9
Importance of Maintenance 9
Security with mining machinery 10
Backhoe 10
Dump Trucks 10
Motor grader 11
Bulldozer 12
Conclusion 13
Bibliography 14

Introduction
The present work will address on the safety with machines, they can be of electric current continues,
alternating, and internal combustion or external. The job with machines and equipment is one of the
activities that is at the source of numerous accidents, seen that in order to achieve greater productivity in a
company's security is indispensable. The safety of machinery, both for the commissioning of new
machines, you want to ensure that conditions most worthy and safe work on the machines in service, is
today a key factor for companies that want to come to have a relevant role in its market segment.

We will also talk of some of the Standards that should be taken just in the context of carrying out a
business activity with the machine or equipment, and these are very important because they make it
possible for the company to have greater productivity, because there is safety of machines and equipment.
And finally we'll talk about the maintenance in the context of the security of the machines, their types and
their importance. Being that maintenance is extremely important to ensure ongoing productivity, to
produce high quality goods and to maintain the competitiveness of a company. However, it also has an
impact on the safety and health at work.

OBJECTIVES:
General Objective
Security activities with machines at work, aim to ensure the provision of the work under appropriate
conditions, well-being, physical and mental workers.
Specific Objectives
Describe the obligations of the companies in the field of prevention and protection concerning the
safety of machinery and work equipment, in the design and in its use by workers;
Characterize the technical assessment of accident risks associated with machinery and work
equipment.
Some of the concepts
Machine: it is the whole unit that uses energy and work to achieve an objective pre-determined.
Security is the science that operates on the prevention of accidents.
Job security is a set of sciences and technologies that have the objective of promoting the protection of
the worker in his place of work, aiming at the reduction of work accidents and occupational diseases.

Basic conditions in the security of the machines

The safety of machinery establishes the set of regulatory rules that are addressed to the respective
manufacturers and merchants, focusing on the prevention of the conception of such equipment and
machines.
Safety standards of the Machines and Equipment in the workplace
1. All machinery, equipment, electrical installations and automation instrumentation and auxiliaries shall
be designed, assembled, operated, and maintained in accordance with the technical standards in force and
the instructions of the manufacturers and the improvements, developed by qualified professionals.
2. The machines and equipment should have devices drive and stop installed so that:
a) To be triggered or turned off by the operator in his working position;
b) Can be triggered or turned off, in case of emergency, by another person who is not the operator;
c) Cannot be triggered or switched off unintentionally by the operator or in any other way
accidental.
d) Machinery, equipment, systems and other facilities that work automatically, should contain
devices easy-to-access interrupt its operation when necessary.
3. The machines and systems of automatic control, once paralyzed, only able to return to work with
previous sound signal of warning.
4. Machinery and large equipment should have audible signal that indicates the beginning of its operation
or reversal of its direction of displacement.
5. Machinery and large equipment, moving also in reversing, they should have an audible signal that
indicates the beginning of this maneuver.
6. The machines and equipment whose practice areas are clearly marked and isolated are bound to have
beep.
7. The machines and equipment that operate in locations with risks of falling objects and materials should
have adequate protection against impacts that may reach the operators.
8. The machinery and equipment must have protection for the operator against exposure to the sun, rain
and wind.
9. It is mandatory for the protection of all moving parts of machines and equipment within the reach of
the workers and to give them a risk.
10. In the case of removal of the protections for the execution of maintenance or testing, the nearby areas
should be isolated and flagged up the replacement for definitive operation of the equipment.
11. The maintenance and supply of vehicles and equipment should be carried out by a worker trained,
using techniques and devices that ensure the safety of the operation.

12. All equipment or transport vehicle must have registration available at the establishment, stating:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Its technical characteristics;

The intervals and the result of inspections and maintenance;
Accidents and abnormalities;
Indication of the person, technician or company that carried out the inspections or maintenance.

13. The tools should be appropriate to the use for which it is intended to prohibit the employment of tools
that are defective, damaged or makeshift inappropriately.
14. In the use and handling of tools for fixing the powder should be subject to the following conditions:
a) The operator shall be properly qualified and authorized;
b) The operator must make sure that the operating environment does not contain flammable
substances and explosive;
c) The tools must be transported, stored, and discharged in a careful way,
d) The tools should be kept in a restricted access location.
17. All electrical equipment used manual should have a system of double insulation, except when
operated by batteries.
18. In the operations of the machines and heavy equipment should be subject to the following security
measures:
a) Isolate and signal the their area of activity, being the access to the area only allowed with the
permission of the operator or responsible person;
b) Before you start the game and move the operator must make sure that no one is working on or
under them or in the danger zone;
c) Do not operate in a position that will compromise your stability,
19. The heavy machinery and equipment must possess at a minimum:
a) Indication of maximum capacity in a visible location in the bodies of the same,
b) The Chair comfortable and fixed so that they are reduced the effects of the transmission of the
vibration.
20. It is forbidden to do maintenance, inspection and repair of any equipment or machine supported only
by hydraulic systems.
21. In the activities of the assembly and disassembly of the tyres of the wheels should be subject to the
following conditions:
a) The tyres must be completely emptied, by removing the core of the valve calibration before
disassembly, removal of the shaft or repairs that there is no need for its removal;
(b) The filling of tyres can only be executed within the device enclosure until it reaches a sufficient
pressure;
22. The vessels containing compressed gases should be stored in deposits that are well-ventilated and
protected against drops, heat and accidental impacts, as well as be in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.

Safety signs
The most efficient method to obtain good results within an entity or company is to predict the accidents in
the workplace, by both of which should be used colors that help workers be aware of equipment and
machinery in the workplace for the prevention of accidents, identifying the safety equipment, surrounding
areas, and to identify the lines used in the industries for the conduction of fluids (liquids and gases), and
warning against the risks.
Safety and health at work in confined spaces
Aims to combat workplace accidents, eliminating the unsafe conditions of the environment, to provide the
monitoring and control of risks, in order to permanently guarantee the safety and health of workers who
interact directly or indirectly in confined spaces.
Maintenance
According to the European Standard, maintenance is the "combination of all technical activities,
administrative and management during the life cycle of an object, with the purpose to keep or restore it to
a state in which to be able to perform the function required".
Regular maintenance is essential to maintain the safety and reliability of the equipment, machines and
work environment. The lack of maintenance or inadequate maintenance can lead to dangerous situations,
accidents and health problems.
Maintenance is a high-risk activity in which some of the dangers resulting from the nature of the work.
The maintenance is carried out in all sectors and in all places of work. For this reason, workers who
perform the maintenance have a higher likelihood of exposure to various hazards than other workers do.
Maintenance is a generic term for a variety of tasks in many different sectors and in all types of work
environments. The maintenance activities include:
Inspection testing replacement adjustment repair detection of faults replacing parts
lubrication, cleaning.
Types of maintenance
There are basically three types of maintenance:
a) Corrective maintenance;
b) Preventive maintenance;
c) Predictive maintenance.
Corrective maintenance

This is an unplanned maintenance of equipment, and that has as its objective the location, fix, restore,
recovery, repair of anomalies, defects and/or breaks, that has ceased to exist or have decreased the ability
of the equipment to perform the functions for which it was designed.
This procedure has as main target the immediate correction of a defect, in order to resume as soon as
possible the productive activities of the equipment, which has been subjected to a break.
In this case, the main objective is that the time of resumption of the actions is as fast as possible and the
fix for this should be made in the best way, in order to avoid a new break.
This type of maintenance usually involves high costs, because the unexpected failure can lead to
production losses and loss of quality of the product.
The outages are mostly the most time-consuming and insecurity requires stucco high spare parts, with
additions in maintenance costs.
Preventive maintenance
Preventive maintenance is a planned maintenance that aims to repair, lubricate, adjust, re-casing of the
equipment. It is based on the historical breaks in operation, or the history of the periodic reviews
conducted.
The central idea is to reduce, avoid failure or drop in performance, following a plan drawn up previously,
based on defined intervals of time.
Use statistical processes that determine the life of the average useful component, and adheres to a
standard previously worked out, laying down stops at regular intervals with the purpose of allowing the
exchange of worn parts by new ones, thus ensuring the perfect operation of the equipment by a predetermined period.
Usually the frequency is established in the technical manuals, where manufacturers recommend every one
of the maintenance.
Predictive maintenance
Is the periodical monitoring of the equipment, based on the analysis of the data collected through
monitoring or inspections in the field, indicating the actual conditions of operation of the equipment
based on the data that inform your wear or degradation process? It is a process that predicts the service
life of the components of the equipment and the conditions for this life-time is used well.
The analysis of the trend of the fault is to anticipate in advance the failure or breakage, by means of
devices, which exert constant vigilance in predicting the need of repair.
Predictive maintenance has been recognized as an effective technique of maintenance management.

Through these objectives, one can deduce that they are directed to a purpose greater and important:
reduction of maintenance costs and increased productivity.
The advantages of predictive maintenance
- Improvement of safety and increase the useful life of the equipment;
- Decrease of the cost in the repairs;
- Improvement of the productivity of the company;
- Limitation of the amount of spare parts;
- Credibility of the service offered;
Importance of Maintenance
Maintenance is extremely important to ensure ongoing productivity, to produce high quality goods and to
maintain the competitiveness of a company. However, it also has an impact on the safety and health at
work.
The other amounts of maintenance are:
- Archive the historical data to facilitate in the future the detection of possible problems;
- Save to the utmost all the equipment and facilities thus avoiding downtime;
- Reduce the time of intervention through a good preparation work;
- Reduce emergencies and the number of malfunctions;
- Increase the life time of the machines;
- Monitor the vital organs of the machines to predict the future stops of the machines;
- Increase the reliability of the machines;
- To relate the costs of maintenance with the proper use and efficient time, materials, men and services.
Security with mining machinery
Backhoe
It is a tractor with a blade mounted on the front and another small one in the rear of the vehicle, other than
a tractor, that is used to pull loads, the backhoe is used in buildings and urban areas.
The backhoe is easy to operate, requiring however, the basic care and essential to your handling. Always
keep in mind that safety requires constant attention, observation, and caution during the transport,
maintenance and storage of the retro.
The operator should familiarize yourself with the controls and have knowledge of safety, before using the
retro;

 Only the operator can trigger the retro, positioned in its seat. In service do not allow the approach of
people and animals;
Inspect the area before starting the service. Avoid working near electrical wires; be careful with buried
pipelines, poles, etc.
Do not start the service without prior to lower the arms stabilizers;
Do not cave very close to the arms stabilizers, the ground can crumble under the backhoe.
Do not check for leaks with your hands on the high pressure can cause serious injury, use cardboard or
other appropriate object.
Dump Trucks
The Dump truck is a type of truck used excellently for the transport of loads in large volume such as rocks
and other materials used in the construction.
To safely perform the tilting of the bucket of the truck, in addition to Hydraulic equipment adequate and
quality, mechanical maintenance and rigorous training to the driver, the ideal is that if you take some
preventive measures, such as:
- Check that the load is uniformly distributed in the entire length and width of the bucket;
- Check if the load is wet and prone to sticking, as this increases the risks and requires utmost care;
- Respecting the legal limits of the load (by the Law of Balance);
- Isolate the area around the vehicle to be unloaded;
- Make sure the rear cover is open before tilting;
- Be aware of external items such as: mains, cables, poles;
- Keep people away during tilting;
- If the vehicle begin to turn, try to stay calm and to position the body against the backrest of the bench,
holding on tight. Try not to jump out of the cab;
- Avoid moving the truck with the bucket raised. This degrades the vehicle, the bucket, as well as the
hydraulic set.
In addition to improved security, this care ensures a longer service life and profitability of the equipment
as a whole.
Motor grader
Is a machine used in civil construction of large-scale, in conjunction with other machinery, mainly for
leveling roads.

Consists of a vehicle in general with 6 wheels, and a blade horizontal adjustable (horizontal, vertical, and
angle) through the arms mechanical and/or hydraulic pistons and gears. For the use of the grader must
take into account some preventive measures such as:
1. Check if the machine is in perfect state of operation;
2. Take additional care when driving through uneven terrain or without consistency;
3. The brake of the machine must always be a person qualified and knowledgeable of the type of worked
to be undertaken, the method to employ and the nature and status of the land where you will move;
4. Check the status of operation of the lights;
5. Do not leave the driving position without the vehicle being stopped, the organs hydraulic in position to
be stabilized and the security systems and immobilization triggered;
6. Observe the manufacturer's indications as to the stability of the machine, always taking into account the
specific conditions of the workplace.
Bulldozer
Is the equipment suitable for excavation and transport of materials in a straight line, disassemble materials
and little rocks hard, the displacement of the stone blocks. This is all due to the solid construction offered
by the set blade.
Only personnel who is duly authorized to operate with this type of equipment.
Check if the equipment is endowed with the following technical requirements:
Washrooms against the risks associated with falling objects and against overturning;
Cab, sound-proofed and protected against dust;
The bank provided a system, vibration damper and seat ergonomic design that is adjustable in height and
depth;
First Aid boxes.
Before starting work, check correct functioning of the brakes, the hydraulic system, of the lights, the
audible warning reversing and rotating yellow.
Do not climb up the machines for the rims, chains and fenders, in order to prevent falls.

Conclusion
The for the preparation of the present work concluded that: safety with machinery establishes the set of
regulatory rules that help maintain the good use of machinery and equipment, as well as the increase of
the useful life of the machines, thus contributing to the increase of productivity within a company or
entity.
To get good results within a company or entity is necessary for there to be the prevention of accidents in
the workplace, by both of which should be used colors that help the workers to pay attention to equipment
and machinery in the workplace.
Regular maintenance is essential to maintain the safety and reliability of the equipment, machines and
work environment. The lack of maintenance or inadequate maintenance can lead to dangerous situations,
accidents and health problems.