Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
, 1(2):
137-144,
SpringSci.
2015
Global
J. Environ.
Manage., 1(2): 137-144, Spring 2015
ISSN 2383 - 3572
Antarctica Laboratory, R & D Division, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19, University Road,
Delhi-110 007, India
Received 10 December 2014;
AB STRACT: The Larsemann Hills range is an ice-free oasis on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth
Land, East Antarctica, which includes Bharti Island, Fisher Island, McLeod Island, Broknes Peninsula, Stornes
Peninsula, and several other islands, promontories, and nunataks. The Larsemann Hills is an ice-free area of
approximately 50 km2, located halfway between the Vestfold Hills and the Amery Ice Shelf on the south-eastern
coast of Prydz Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica. The ice-free area consists of two major peninsulas
(Stornes and Broknes), four minor peninsulas, and approximately 130 near shore islands. The Larsemann Hills area
contains more than 150 lakes at different Islands and peninsulas. Bharti Island of Larsemann Hills in east Antarctica
was selected as a sampling site for the present study. Water sample was collected from a freshwater lake during
XXXth Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) and analyzed for the physico-chemical parameters, major
elements, trace metals and major plankton diversity in surface lake water by following standard methodology. The
concentrations of metals Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission
Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Phytoplankton and zooplankton were also assessed in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake L3
at Bharti Island, Larsemann Hills over east Antarctica. Psychrophillic bacteria were found 71 cfu in lake water, while
total bacterial count was found to be 5.4 10 2cfu.
Keywords: Antarctic lake, Aquatic ecology, Bharti Island, Water pollution, Water quality monitoring
INTRODUCTION
Lakes are important feature of the Earths
landscape which are not only the source of precious
water, but provide valuable habitats to plants and
animals, moderate hydrological cycles, influence
microclimate, enhance the aesthetic beauty of the
landscape and extend many recreational
opportunities to humankind. The lakes are also used
for drinking, irrigation, fishing, eco-tourism, etc. apart
from the above advantages. High altitude lakes of
Antarctica continent represent a relatively unique
ecosystem in general; however, they remain less
intensely studied than lowland lakes, mainly because
of their remoteness and the short summer open-water
period (Bhat et al., 2011). Nevertheless, Antarctic
*Corresponding Author Email:
gurupawanbharti@rediffmail.com
Tel.: +91 11- 27667267; Fax: +91 11- 27667676
Global J. Environ.
Sci. Manage.,
Pawan
K. Bharti;1(2):
U.K. 137-144,
Niyogi Spring 2015
138
Sampling
The sampling of lake water was carried out in the 1 L
PET bottle and stored in a cold storage immediately
after preservation by 1 ml 70 % HNO3. The samples
were transported to the laboratory after completion of
expedition and analyzed for further analysis of the
physico-chemical parameters, major elements, trace
metals, plankton diversity and microbiological
parameters.
Analytical Methods
Standards methods as described in APHA (2005)
were followed for the dilution and analysis for
various parameters. Laboratory analysis work for
metal analysis was carried out with the help of
Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission
spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
Water sample was collected from sampling station
on 10 January 2011. Neatly cleaned and rinsed double
Stoppard polyethylene bottles were used for
collection of water samples. Bottles were kept in ice
box and brought to the laboratory for further analysis.
Some of the physico-chemical characteristics of water
including water temperature, color, pH were
determined onsite using mercury thermometer, visual,
digital pH meter respectively. While dissolved oxygen,
turbidity and total dissolved solids were analyzed
using Orion onsite water quality monitoring kit at the
sampling stations. Separate samples were collected
in sterile bottles for microbiological studies. Lake water
was concentrated using plankton net and collected
in a tube for further laboratory studies. Collected
plankton were preserved by adding 4% Formalin
solution and Lugols solution. Other parameters
including plankton diversity and metals were analyzed
in the laboratory following the methods of APHA,
(2005) and Trivedi and Goel, (1984). Plankton counting
was conducted with the help of Bogorov / Sedwick
Sample ID
Date
Latitude (S)
Longitude (E)
Altitude (m)
L-3
10-01-2011
69 24 21.9" S
76 11 13.8" E
30
139
PlanktonJ. diversity
and Manage.,
aquatic ecology
of a freshwater
lake
Global
Environ. Sci.
1(2): 137-144,
Spring 2015
140
Parameter
IS: 10500-1991
Desirable (permissible)
5, Max.
<5
Odor
Unobjectionable (UO)
UO
Turbidity, NTU
5, Max. (10)
<1
pH
6.5-8.5
6.4
21
Fe, mg/L
0.014
Cl2, mg/L
40
F, mg/L
0.1
L-3
155
10
Mg, mg/L
3.8
11
Ca, mg/L
12
Cu, mg/L
<0.001
13
Mn, mg/L
<0.001
14
SO4, mg/L
200, Max.
15
NO3, mg/L
45, Max
2.2
16
C6H5OH, mg/L
0.002, Max
ND
17
Hg, mg/L
0.001, Max.
<0.001
18
Cd, mg/L
0.01, Max.
<0.01
19
Se, mg/L
0.01, Max.
<0.005
20
As, mg/L
0.01, Max
<0.005
21
CN, mg/L
0.05, Max
<0.01
22
Pb, mg/L
0.05, Max
0.03
23
Zn, mg/L
5 Max. (15)
0.222
24
MBAS, mg/L
0.2, Max
ND
7.6
13
25
Cr , mg/L
0.05, Max
<0.01
26
0.01, Max
ND
27
200 Max.(600)
28
Al, mg/L
0.2, Max
<0.02
29
PO4, mg/L
0.05, Max.
0.046
30
B, mg/L
1, Max (5)
0.005
31
0.557
32
9.2
+6
141
17
Pawan
Bharti;1(2):
U.K. 137-144,
Niyogi Spring 2015
Global J. Environ.
Sci. K.
Manage.,
CONCLUSION
After a brief evaluation of general physicochemical parameters, metals and quantities of
complex organic compounds in lake water, it has
been observed that the lake water has no pollution
load and no impact of any anthropogenic activity
is reflecting. A very low organic load in lake water
indicates the oligotrop hic stage of lake
ecosystems. In oligotrophic lakes that are low in
primary productivity as a result of low nutrient
Table 3: Microbiological Studies of lake water samplefrom Bharti Island (30 th ISEA)
S.N.
L-3
Sample ID.
Psychrophilic Count/ml (As per guidelines of IS: 1479 p-3, 1977, Reaff: 2003)
MPN Coliform /100ml (As per guidelines of IS:1622-1981, Reaff : 2003) Ed 2.4 (2003-05)
Yeast and Mould Count/ml (As per guidelines of IS: 5403 1999, Reaff: 2005)
Absent
Salmonella/ 25ml (As per guidelines of IS: 5887 (p-3) 1999 Reaff: 2005)
Absent
Staphylococcus sp./25ml (As per guidelines of IS : 5887 P-2 1976 Reaff : 2005)
Absent
Absent
142
71 cfu
No growth observed
REFERENCES
Plankton group
A. Phytoplankton
1
Chlorophyacae
400
Basillariophyace
1200
Cyanophyacae
100
Rhodophyacae
Others/Unidentified
800
B. Zooplankton
1
Protozoa
20
Rotifera
20
Copepoda
20
Cladocera
40
Decapoda
Others/Unidentified
160
143
Global
J. diversity
Environ. Sci.
1(2): 137-144,
Spring 2015
Plankton
andManage.,
aquatic ecology
of a freshwater
lake
28th, 29th, 30th ISEA combined report to NCAOR, submitted
by Shriram Institute of Industrial Research, Delhi, India.
Trivedi, R.K.; Goel, P.K., (1984). Chemical and biological
methods for water pollution studies. Enviro Media
Publication, Karad. pp: 225.
Delhi, India.
Trivedi, R.K.; Goel, P.K., (1984). Chemical and biological
methods for water pollution studies, Environ. Media. Pub.
Karad., pp: 225.
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