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Practice Problems
1. Consider the system of linear equations
x1 + 2x2 + x3 + 2x4 + x5 = 2
2x1 + x2 + 3x3 + 5x4 + 5x5 = 7
3x1 + 6x2 + 4x3 + 9x4 + 10x5 = 11
x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 + 3x4 + 6x5 = 9.
Find all solutions to the system and express your answer in parametric form.
2. Given the system of linear equations
x1 + x2 + 3x3 = c,
cx1 + x2 + 5x3 = 4,
x1 + cx2 + 4x3 = c.
(a) For what values of c does the system have (i) no solutions, (ii)infinitely many solutions, (iii) a unique
solution.
(b) Find the set of solutions for the value of c for which the system has infinitely many solutions.
1
I = 0
0
2 of 4
0
1
0
0
0 .
1
(b) Let A be a 3 5 matrix such that the first three columns are linearly independent. Explain why the
leading 1s in the reduced echelon form of A must be in the first three columns. (Hint: If this were not
true, what would that tell you about part (a)).
5. Suppose that {v1 , v2 , . . . , vk } is a linearly independent set in Rn . Prove or disprove: The set {v2 , v3 , . . . , vk }
cannot span Rn .
6. Suppose A is n n such that the systems of linear equations represented by Ax = b has an infinite
number of solutions. Prove or disprove: The columns of A are linearly dependent.
Chapter 3: Matrices
Keywords: Linear transformations, domain, co-domain, range, image of a vector x under T , 1-1, onto,
matrix equality, matrix addition, scalar multiplication, transpose, matrix multiplication, additive identity,
identity matrix, zero matrix, symmetric matrix, inverse, invertible matrix, non-singular, singular.
Define what it means for a function T : Rm Rn to be a linear transformation and explain how you
can always find a unique n m matrix A such that T (x) = Ax. Explain how you use information
about consistency of systems of equations and uniqueness of solutions in determining if T is onto and
in determining if T is 1-1. What do the independence of the rows and/or columns of A tell you about
T ? Repeat the above in the special case when n = m.
How do you determine the product of two matrices A and B? What condition(s) must be satisfied by
the sizes of A and B for the product to be defined?
Explain the procedure for determining the inverse of a matrix. Explain why it might not produce and
inverse for some matrix A (and thats ok).
Practice Problems
7. Suppose that A is a 3 3 matrix, AT + 5I is nonsingular, and
1 3 0
(AT + 5I)1 = 0 1 0 .
2 2 1
Find A. Here I is the matrix in question 4(a).
1
7
8. Let T : R R be a linear transformation such that T
=
, and
2
3
3
1
x
x
T
=
. Find T
for all
R2 .
4
1
y
y
2
9. Let
1
A= 1
2
5
6
11
4
5
8
2
3
5
2
2
2
and let T : R5 R3 be the linear transformation defined by T (x) = Ax for all x R5 . Show that T
is onto but not 1-1.
3 of 4
x1
x1 + 2x2 + x3
T x2 = x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 .
x3
3x1 + 3x2 + x3
x1
Show that T is invertible and find T 1 x2 .
x3
2
0
11. Find all values of c such that the matrix A =
0
1
5
1
1
0
4 of 4
2
1
4
1
4
1
is invertible.
2
c