VEHICLE MAINTENANCE

UNIT I
Introduction
Although the modern automobiles have established an excellent reputation in
regard to good service and reliability, there are a number of important items which
require periodic attention or inspection if the car is to be maintained at its best over
its useful period of life, with greater immunity to break down and with minimum
expense to upkeep.
Maintenance means keeping all the systems and features functioning as
possible to the manufacturers original design intent tons.
Maintenance helps the vehicle to start run and stop as the manufacturer
intended, so that maximum amount of performance, reliability and service life are
achieved.
Purpose
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

To
To
To
To
To

keep the vehicle in good running condition

keep the operation cost less
provide safety on vehicle operation
give feed back to manufactures for development and rectification
adhere to the legal requirements of vehicle operation.

After the completion of the recommended running-in period for the new or
reconditioned vehicle, and during the subsequent normal working period it is
necessary to give maintenance attention to specified items at regular intervals to
ensure satisfactory operation and freedom from trouble. This routine maintenance
is to be done according to the manufacturers instructions is the maintenance
manual.
With the majority of vehicles, it is used to assume that at the end of the first
500/1000 kilometers miles if the vehicle has been driven below the stipulated
maximum speed, the vehicle will have attained it proper working condition.
The most important faults found in vehicles delivered by the manufacturers selling
agents are:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

incorrect valve stem clearances

wrong ignition timing
water leakage around windscreens
wrong setting of carburetors
wheels out of balance
faulty door and boot locks
incorrect front wheel alignment

(viii) improperly adjusted brakes

(ix)
Non aligned head lamps
(x)
Incorrect spark plug gaps
(xi)
Incorrect levels of lubricants and
(xii) Insufficiently tightened nuts, bolts and fasteners.
Once these faults are rectified, the vehicle need not require much attention apart
from the routine check-up of fuel in the tank, water in the radiator, charging of
battery, level of water oil etc.
Maintenance works carried out after covering first 1000km
At the end of the first 1000 km, the engine-sump gear box, back axle casing etc: are
drained and filled up with recommended grade of lubricants. All cylinder head nuts
are checked for tightness, and the inlet and exhaust manifold ends are also
checked. All working joints of the vehicle, carburetor dried pump, clutch, brake
mechanism joints are oiled well. The steering system and spring shackles are
lubricated. The cooling system is checked for leakage. Spark plugs, and automatic
ignition controls are cleaned. Fuel filters are inspected and wheel alignment and
lightness are checked.
Types of Maintenance
Preventive maintenance or scheduled maintenance
Predictive maintenance
Breakdown maintenance or unscheduled maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
It is a schedule of planned maintenance actions aimed at the prevention of
breakdowns and failure.
Primary goal is to prevent the failure of equipment before it actually occurs
Preserve and enhance the equipment or vehicle reliability by replacing worn
components before they actually fail.
Preparation of checkup
One should have the good understanding of the entire system and parts
involved in it.
Identifying the parts and the interval of which it has to be done.
Identifying what has to be done

Maintenance Records or log

It is a journal or book of all maintenance performed on a particular vehicle.
Each entry includes a date, mileage as of that day, details of about the type
of work done, and who performed the service.

 If also include receptor and a schedule for further maintenance.

It will clearly tell the frequency at which the oil changes, fire rotations, Brake
inspections or replacements etc are done hence monitoring activity an be
done early.

Determining preventive Replacement Time

Figure: Optimum Age Replacement Model

It can be seen that the corrective replacement cost increases as the
replacement interval Increases. And the preventive maintenance cost decreases.
On combining both cost we can get an optimum point that minimizes the cost.
Checklist
A check is a simple, usually usual, confirmation that the equipment or vehicle
is ready for further use. A checklist gives us the list of components that has to be
checked at regular interval time. It may be
1.
2.
3.
4.

Daily check
Weekly check
Monthly check
Yearly check

Points to be taken
station/workshop

care

in

establishing

an

automobile

Service

1. Service enhance: The approach to the service reception should be smooth.

2. Reception/Diagnosis (Service adviser)

(i)
Warm and friendly Reception
(ii)
Careful listening to customers Requests correct diagnosis.
3. Filling Repair order and Estimates (Service adviser)

(i)
(ii)

Accurate preparation of Repair orders

Clear Explanation of work and cost estimate agreement obtained.
Repair orders have log A and log B charts log A
log B distance traveled, Fuel filling details
Rough Estimate should be given to the customer.
Service people should be allowed to service the parts which are not
covered by the agreements. (gets signature from customer).

4. Work allocation/Instructions (Fore man / Technician)

(i)
Work allocated for efficiency (considering technician skill level completion
time-outside work required etc).
(ii)
Accurate work instructions (eg. Nature of problem). Repair procedure proper
steps completion time etc).
Upholstery seat cover works
Body Trim Bonnet (Engine Compartment cover)
Fender
(Wing) The panel above the wheel and side of the vehicle
5. Repairs (Technicians)
(i)
Reliable work, quickly accomplished
(ii)
Work performed neatly, observing proper safety rules.
6. Final Inspection [Foreman / Chief Technician]
(i) Quality of work checked (correct items Repaired)
7. Delivery preparation (Service Advisor)
(i)
Check on what work was done
(ii)
Clean inside and outside of vehicle
(iii)
Prepare Documentation
8. Delivery (Service adviser)
(i)
Explain Details (work done, charges, spare parts)
(ii)
Receive payments
9. Post service follow-up (service Adviser)
(i)
Check with customer Regarding work quality
(ii)
Enquire About customers satisfaction.

TYPES OF PREVENTIVE (SCHEDULED) MAINTENANCE

Daily Maintenance

Daily
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Weekly Maintenance
Monthly Maintenance
Quarterly Maintenance
Half yearly maintenance or fitness certificate work
Yearly maintenance or Full fitness certificate work
Maintenance
Clean vehicle
Check engine oil level and top up if necessary
Check radiator water level and top up
Inspect tyre for normal pressure and ensure that no tyre is fist
Check for fuel in tank
Check up whether light and electrical accessories are functioning well
Check up brake for normal functioning
Start engine and check up performance

Weekly Maintenance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Check electrolyte level in battery and add distilled water if necessary

Clean battery terminals and apply vasoline to prevent corrosion
Check tyre pressure and inflate if necessary to correct pressure
Check brake fluid level and top up if necessary
Check tyres for abnormal wear. If abnormal wear is noticed check wheel
alignment, chamber etc.
6. Wash vehicle with water mixed with detergent or with soap water.
7. Check oil leak if any from engine, transmission and differential and arrange to
rectify.
8. Clean plays and refit if the vehicle is petrol driven
9. Tighten joint belts and axle bolts.
10.Tighten spring and shackle bolts and nuts if necessary
11.Adjust fan belt play if necessary.
12.Check up water pump grease cup and repack, if necessary
13.Check whether Dynamo is functioning well. Adjust regulator if necessary.
14.Check oil in steering box gear box and differential and top up if necessary.
Monthly Maintenance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Service vehicle at appropriate data

Check up and adjust free ply of brake
Check up and adjust free ply of clutch
Soap wash vehicle, polish if the vehicle is station wagon.
Change engine oil at appropriate mileage.
Check up and tune up vehicle (minor) petrol driven
Tighten engine gear box and body mounting bolt.
Remove all the wheels, check brake drums, brake linings, change brake
linings and turns up brake drums if necessary.
9. Examine all wheel bearings for what before refitment.
10.Remove old grease and repack with fresh grease.

Quarterly Maintenance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Tighten body bolts and change packing if necessary

Blow and adjust brakes
Carry out engine tune up if petrol driven vehicle
Check up pedals side play and rectify
Check up and renew engine counting beds
During service, remove and clean shackle pin if necessary.
Check up steering linkages and play and adjust if necessary
In case of diesel engines overhaul injectors, besides the above items of wash,
all the items mentioned in the monthly maintenance schedule should be
carried out during quarterly maintenance also.

Half yearly maintenance or fitness certificate work

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Remove gear box

Check differential
Overhaul all four wheel brakes and the Universal joints
Top over haul engine end decarbonizes
Over haul carbonator
In diesel overhaul injectors and pumps and recalibrate (This should be done
by the authorized agencies and preferably in air conditioned rooms).
7. Overhaul water pump
8. Overhaul dynamo and self starter
9. Overhaul exhauster or air compressor
10.Check all wirings and switches
11.Carryout body repairs, including linear work
12.Repaint vehicles, if lorry or van.
Road Test Report:
1. The road test inspector or the machine makes the road test report after
the completion of the maintenance operation.
2. This report contains the vehicle registration number, chassis number;
job no, data of test etc.
3. The parameters to be checked included the following:

Front side and rear side abnormal noise.

Steering and brake caliper noise.
Misfiring, sudden stoppage of vehicle.
Brake condition.
Wheel and bearing check.
Pick up of the vehicle.
Mileage of the vehicle etc.

The road test report gives a fare idea of the condition of the vehicle before and after
the maintenance operation.

Table: Road Test Report

S.
No.

Parameter to check

Front side abnormal noise

Rear side abnormal noise

Front/rear suspension noise

Steering noise

Brake caliper noise

Misfiring / starting

Hunting problems / Stopping problems

Underbody noise

9
11

Abnormal noise from doors/glasses and

body
operation
Overheating
of engine AC and Non AC
operation
Brakes poor / Weak line effective / noisy

12

Wheel bearings noisy

13

Drive shaft noise / vibration

14

Vehicle pulling to one side

15

Poor pick up of vehicle (with AAAC and

without AC)

10

Before work

After
work

Trip sheet
The trip sheet gives the entire details of the vehicle before and after a trip.
The starting km and ending km, time of start and closing of the journey time and
the charges per km and also the overall cost of trip is described in the trip sheet.
TABLE: TRIP SHEET
Name and Address of the Agency

REPORT TO
Mr. / Mr.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Engaged by Arranged by----------------Date:-------------------

No.-------------------

Vehicle Number-----------------------------

Driver Name :


Rupees
Closing
------------

Paise

Time Hire Charges

Charge Per km

Starting
Time------------

Driver Batta
Excess Hours

TOTAL
Time------------

Excess Kms
Service Tax

Signature
Customer

of

the Permit Charges

Advance Rs
TOTAL
Drivers Signature

For Agency

Logbook
The logbook of a vehicle gives the details of the vehicle, which will be useful
not only for the owner of the vehicle but also to the mechanic who might take the
job of vehicle maintenance latter.
The logbook contains the following details:
Distance covered
Fuel consumption
Average fuel consumption
Best and worst mileage
Total maintenance cost
Running costs
Faults in the vehicle
Likes and dislikes
Date of the previous maintenance report

Vehicle Log Book

Vehicle Reg. No: .. Gas
Week Beginning:

Diesel

/ /

Kms

Vehicle Name: .

Mileage:
Start
Mileage

Miles Kms

Driver:..
Finish
Mileage

How many
Journeys

Daily Total

Signature

Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Weekly Total

Gas/Diesel Engine Oil

Odometer
Reading
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Total
Comments (Repairs, Accidents. Etc.,)

Fuel in litres

Product (gas,
diesel or oil)

Cost

Vehicle Monthly Maintenance Form (T1)

Cooling system
Part

Condition

Comments

Radiator
Coolant
Hoses
Water Pump
Fan
Dashboard warning light
Brakes
Front Brakes
Part

Condition

Comments

Master Cylinder
Brake Fluid
Hoses and brake pipes
Brake pedal (any play?)
Disks
Pads
Rear Brakes
Part

Condition

Comments

Hand brake
Hoses and pipes
Shoes
Front Lights
Part
Side light-left
Side light-Right
Headlight-Left
Headlight Right
Full beam Left
Full beam Right

Condition

Comments

Indicator Left
Indicator Right
Rear Lights
Part

Condition

Comments

Tail light left

Tail light Right
Brake light Left
Brake light Right
Indicator Left
Indicator Right
Charging System
Part

Condition

Comments

Battery Fluid level

Battery Terminals
Alternator
Fan belt
Dashboard
light

warning

Ignition System
Part

Condition

Comments

HT leads
Distributor Cap
Rotor Arm
Coil
Spark Plugs
Tires and Wheels
Part
Front Right
Front Left
Back Right
Back Left
Spare Wheel
Jack and Lu tool

Condition

Comments

Steering
Part
Steering fluid

Condition

Comments

Steering wheel play

Track rod ends
Upper ball joints
Lower ball joints
Wheel bearings
CV Joints
Gear Box
Part
Gearbox unit
Transmission fluid auto
Gear Box oil manual

Condition

Comments

Vehicle Service Form (T2)

Vehicle Name :

Vehicle Reg. No. :

Date of Service : .

Mileage :

Servicing to be carried out every 3 months

Unit
Oil/ Oil Filter change
Air filter
Distributor cap or rotor arm

Yes

No

Oil spindle
Ignition leads
Check spark plug gap
Check and adjust fan belt
Check and adjust power steering belt
Check OHC belt
Check and replace broken light bulbs
Check front brakes
Check rear brakes
Adjust hand brake
Renew brake fluid if necessary
Check battery electrolyte level
Check and clean battery connections
Check wing mirrors
Check exhaust condition and
mountings
Check tyre pressure and type
Check wiper blades
Check front and rear suspension
Change differential oil
Grease wheel bearings
Grease steering
*Please see any additional notes on back of service sheet
Mechanic Signature: .

Comments

Supervisor Signature:

Vehicle Accident Report Form (T4)

Employee :
Department :

Age : .

Sex : ..

Supervisor : .

Date of Accident :
Nature of Injuries:

Cause of Accident:

If employee left work, time of leaving:

If employee returned to work, time of return :
Name and address of Physician:

If hospitalized, name and address of hospital:

Actions taken to avoid similar incidents:

Comments:

Supervisor: .

Date :

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN MAINTENANCE

Safety means protecting yourself and others from possible danger and injury.
HAZARDS DUE TO FAULTY WORK HABITS OR CONDITIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Smoking while handling dangerous materials such as gasoline or solvents.

Careless or incorrect handling of gasoline, alcohol, solvents or other flammable fluids.
Blocking exits.
Spilled oil or antifreeze not cleaned up.
Lack of shop exhaust system or failing to connect the system to the tail pipe of a vehicle
with a running engine.
6. Allowing dangling hair, ties, sleeves or jewelry to fall into the engine fan, drive belt or
other moving part.
HAZARDS DUE TO EQUIPMENT DEFECTS OF MISUSE
1. Incorrect safety guarding of moving machines.
2. Asbestos dust from brake and clutch lining.
3. Misuse of compressed air.
4. Flexible electric cord with worn or forward insulation.
5. Compressed-gas cylinders improperly stored or missed.
6. Hand-held electric tools not properly grounded.
7. Automotive lifts not properly used.
8. Jacks or safety stands improperly placed.
9. Using a wheel-aid-tire balancer, without the hood in place.
10. Letting tester leads fall into the engine fan.
11. Sudden startup of the electric fan for the engine cooling system.
12. Leaving a running power tool unattended.
13. Playing with a fire extinguisher.
FIRE PREVENTION
1. Do not smoke or light cigarettes around gasoline or other flammable liquids.
2. Leaking or spilled gasoline quickly vaporizes. Keep the shop doors open and the
ventilating system running. Wipe up the spilled gasoline at once. Put the rags or towels
outside to dry.
3. Sometimes you must work on a vehicle that is leaking gasoline. Be very careful. Catch
the leaking gasoline in a container or on rags. Put the soaked rags outside to dry. Do not
make sparks, such as by connecting a test light to the battery.

4. Store gasoline in an approved safety container. Never store gasoline in a glass jug. The
glass could break. An explosion and fire could result.
5. Oily rags can catch fire, without a spark or flame, by spontaneous combustion. To prevent
this, always store oily rags and waste in a fireproof safety container. The lid should close
completely.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
A fire extinguisher is a portable container filled with chemicals which can be discharged in a
stream to put out small fires. The most common shop fire extinguisher is the multipurpose dry
chemical type. It can be used to fight ordinary combustible fires, flammable-liquid fires and
electrical fires.
SHOP SAFETY RULES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Work quietly and give your full attention to the job you are doing.
Keep your tools and equipment under control.
Keep jack handles out of the way. Stand the creeper against the wall when not in use.
Never put screwdrivers or other sharp objects in your pocket.
Make sure your clothes are right for the job. Dangling sleeves or ties can get caught in
machinery and cause serious injury. Do not wear sandals or open-toe shoes. Wear full
leather shoes with nonskid rubber heels and soles. Steel-toe safety shoes are best fir shop
work.
6. Do not wear any rings, bracelets or watches when working around moving machinery or
electrical equipment.
7. Wipe oil and grease off your hands and tools. You need a good grip on tools and parts.
8. If you spill oil, grease, or any liquid on the floor, clean it up.
9. Never use compressed air to blow dir from your clothes. Never point a compressed-air
blowgun at another person.
10. Always wear protection when liquid spray or particles are flying about and using a
grinding wheel.
11. When using solvents or other chemicals, wear goggles to protect your eyes. If you get a
chemical in your eyes, flush them with water at once. Then go to the doctor or a hospital
emergency room.
12. Always use the right tool for the job. The wrong tool could damage the part you are
working on or could hurt you.
13. Keep your hands away from the engine fan and accessory drive belts when the engine is
running.
14. Do not stand directly in line with the engine fan when it is turning or the engine is
running. Some fans, especially fans with flexible blades, have thrown off a blade while
spinning. A flying fan blade may injure or kill anyone it strikes.

MOTOR VEHICLE ACT

An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to motor vehicles.
This has been amended several times to keep it up to date. The need was, however, felt that this
Act should, now inter alia, take into account also changes in the road transport technology,
pattern of passenger and freight movements, developments, of the road network in the country
and particularly the improved techniques in the motor vehicles management.
POWER OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO MAKE RULES
(1) The central government may make rules regulating the construction, equipment and
maintenance of motor vehicles and trailers with respect to all or any of the following
matters, namely:
(a) the width, height, length and overhang of vehicles and of the loads carried;
(b) the size, nature, maximum retail price and condition of tyres including embossing
thereon of date and year of manufacture and the maximum load carrying capacity.
(c) brakes and steering gear;
(d) the use of safety glasses including prohibition of the use of tinted safety glasses;
(e) speed governors;
(f) signaling appliances, lamps and reflectors;
(g) the emission of smoke, visible vapour, sparks, ashes, grit or oil;
(h) the reduction of noise emitted by or caused by vehicles;
(i) the embossment of chassis number and engine number and the date of manufacture;
(j) safety belts, handle bars of motor cycles, auto-dippers and other equipments essential
for safety of drivers, passengers and other road users;
(k) standards of the components used in the vehicle as inbuilt safety devices;
(l) provision for transportation of goods of dangerous or hazardous nature to human life;
(m) standards for emission of air pollutants;
(n) installation of catalytic convertors in the class of vehicles to be prescribed;
(o) the placement of audio-visual or radio or tape recorder type of devices in public
vehicles;
(p) warranty after sale of vehicle and norms therfor.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section;
(a) the Central Government may exempt any class of motor vehicles from the provisions
of this Chapter
(b) a State Government may exempt any motor vehicle or any class or description of
motor vehicles from the rules made under sub-section (1) subject to such conditions as
may be prescribed by the Central Government.
POWER OF STATE GOVERNMENT TO MAKE RULES
(1) A State Government may make rules regulating the construction, equipment and
maintenance of motor vehicles and trailers with respect to all matters other than the
matters specified in sub-section (1) of Section 110.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, rules may be made under this
section governing all or any of the following maters either generally in respect of motor
vehicles or trailers or in respect of motor vehicles or trailers of a particular class or
description or in particular circumstances, namely:(a) Seating arrangements in public service vehicles and the protection of passengers
against the weather;
(b) Prohibiting or restricting the use of audible signals at certain times or in certain
places;
(c) Prohibiting the carrying of appliances likely to cause annoyance or danger;
(d) The periodical testing and inspection of vehicles by prescribed authorities [ and fees
to be charged for such test];
(e) The particulars other than registration marks to be exhibited by vehicles and the
manner in which they shall be exhibited;
(f) the use of trailers with motor vehicles;
RULES OF THE ROAD REGULATIONS
1. Short title and commencement (1)These regulations may be called the Ruled of the
Road Regulations, 1989.
(2)They shall come into force on the first day of July 1989.
2. Keep Left The driver of a motor vehicle shall drive the vehicle at close to the left side
of the road.
3. Turning to left and right The driver of a motor vehicle shall
4. Passing to right Except as provided in regulations 5, the driver of a motor vehicle shall
pass to the right of all traffic proceeding in the same direction as himself.
5. Passing to the left The drive of a motor vehicle may pass to the left of a vehicle the
driver of which having indicated an intention to turn to the right has drawn to the center
of the road and may pass on either side, a tram car or other vehicle running on fixed rails
whether travelling in the same direction as himself or otherwise provided that in no case
shall he pass a tram car at time or in a manner likely to cause danger or inconvenience to
other users of the road including persons leaving or about to enter tram cars.
6. Overtaking prohibited in certain cases The driver of a motor vehicle shall not pass a
vehicle travelling in the same direction as himself:
(a) if his passing is likely to cause inconvenience or danger to other traffic proceeding in
any direction.
(b) if he is near a point, a bend or corner or a hill or other obstruction of any kind that
renders the road ahead not clearly visible;
(c) if he knows that the driver who is following him has begun to over take him;
(d) if the driver ahead of him has not signaled that he may be overtaken.
7. Overtaking not to be obstructed.- The driver of a motor vehicle shall not, when being
overtaken or being passed by another vehicle, increase speed or do anything in any way
to prevent the other vehicle from passing him.

8. Caution at road junction.- The driver of a motor vehicle slow down when approaching
at a road intersection, a road junction, pedestrian crossing or a road corner, and shall not
enter any such intersection, junction or crossing until he has become aware that he may
do so without endangering the safety of persons theron.
9. Giving way to traffic at road junction.- The driver of a motor vehicle shall, on entering
road intersection at which traffic is not being regulated, if the road entered is a main road
designated as such, give way to the vehicles proceeding along that road, and in any other
case give way to all traffic approaching the intersection on his right hand.
10. Fire service vehicles and ambulance to be given free passage.
11. Right of way. - The pedestrians have the right of way at uncontrolled pedestrian
crossings. When any road is provided with footpath or cycle track specially for other
traffic, except with permission of a police officer in uniform, a driver shall not drive on
such footpath or track.
12. Taking 'U' turn. - No drive shall take a 'U' turn where 'U' turn is specially prohibited and
on busy traffic road.
13. Signals to be given by driers. (a) When about to slow down, a driver shall extend his right arm with the palm,
downward and to the right of the vehicle and shall move the arm so extended up and down
several times in such a manner that the signal can be seen the driver of any vehicle which
may be behind him.
(b) When about to stop, a driver shall raise his right forearm vertically outside of and to
the right of the vehicle, palm to the right.
(c) When about to turn to the right or to drive to the riht hand side of the road in order ot
pass another vehicle or for any other purpose, a driver shall exten d his right arm in a
horizontal position ouside of and to the right of his vehicle wiht the palm of the hand turned
to the front.
(d) When about to turn to the lect or to drive to the left hand side of the road a drive shall
extend high right arm and rotate it in an anticlockwise direction.
(e) When a driver wishes to indicate to the driver of a vehicle behind him that he desires
that driver to overtake him he shall extend his right arm and hand horizontally outside of and
to the right of the vehicle and shall bring the arm backward and forward in a semi-circular
motion.
14. Direction indicator.- The signals referred to in regulation 13, may be simplified also by
mechanical or electrical devices.
15. Parking of the vehicle. (1) Every driver of a motor ehicle parking on any road shall
aprk in such a way that it
does not cause or is not likely to cause danger obstruction
or undue inconvenience etc other road users and the manner of parking is indicated by
any sign board or markings on
the road side, he shall park the vehicle in such
manner.
(2) A drive of a motor vehicle shall not park his vehicle:(a) at or near road crossing, a bend, top of a hill or a humpbacked bridge;
(b) on a foot-path;

(c) near a traffic light or pedestrian crossing;

(d) in a main road or one carrying fast traffic;
(e) opposite to another parked vehicle or as obstruction to other vehicle
(f) along side another parked vehicle;
(g) on road or at places or roads where there is a continuous white line
with or without a broken line;
(h) near a bus stop, school or hospital entrance or blocking a traffic sigh or
entrance to a premises or a fire hydrant;
(i) on the wrong side of the road;
(j) where parking is prohibited;
(k) away from the edge of the foot-path.
16. Visibility of lamps and registration marks. - All registration and other marks required
to be exhibited on a motor vehicle by or under the Act shall at all times be maintained in
a clear and legible condition.
17. One way traffic. - A driver shall not
(i) drive a motor vehicle on road declared One Way except in the direction specified by
sigh boards;
(ii) Where any road is marked by a yellow-line dividing road, the vehicle proceeding in
the same direction trying to overtake each other shall not cross the yellow line.
18. Driving on channelized roads (lane traffic).
(1) Where any road is marked by lanes for movement of traffic, the driver of a motor
vehicle shall drive within the lane and change the lane only after giving proper signal.
(2) Where any road is marked by a yellow-line dividing road, the vehicle proceeding in
the same direction trying to overtake each other shall not cross the yellow line.
19. Stop sign on road surface.
(1) A line for this regulation shall be not less than 50 millimeters in width at any part and
may be either in white, black or yellow.
(2) No drive shall drive a motor vehicle so that any part thereof projects beyond that line
at any time when a signal to stop is being given by a Police Officer or by means of a
traffic control light or by the display of any traffic sign.
20. Towing.(1) No vehicle other than a mechanically disabled motor vehicle or incompletely
assembled motor vehicle, a registered trailer or a side car, shall be drawn or towed by any
motor vehicle, except for purposes of delivery and to the nearest filling station or garage.
(2) No motor vehicle shall be drawn or towed by any other motor vehicle unless there is
in the drivers seat of the motor vehicle being drawn or towed a person holding a license
authorizing him to drive the vehicle or unless the steering wheels of the motor vehicle
being towed, are firmly and securely supported clear of the road surface by some crane or
other device on the vehicle which is drawing to towing it.
(3)When a motor vehicle is being towed by another motor vehicle the clear distance
between the rear of the front vehicle and the front of the rear vehicle shall at no time
exceed five meters. It should be clearly displayed on the rear of the vehicle being towed

in black letters not less than seventy-five millimeters high and on a white background the
words ON TOW.
21. Use of horns and Silence Zones.- A drive of a vehicle shall not;
(i) sound the horn needlessly or continuously or more than necessary to ensure safety;
(ii) sound the horn in silence zones;
(iii) make use of a cut-out by which exhaust gases are released other than through the
silencer;
(iv) fit or use any multitoned horn giving a harsh, shrill, loud or alarming noise;
(v) drive a vehicle creating undue noise when in motion;
(vi) drive a vehicle with a muffler causing alarming sound
22. Traffic Sign and Traffic Police.- A drive of a motor vehicle and every other person using
the road shall obey:(a) every direction given, whether by signal of otherwise, by a police officer or any
authorized person for the time being in-charge of the regulation of traffic;
(b) any direction applicable to him and indicated on or by notice traffic sign or signal
fixed or operated by an authority, competent to do so;
(c) any direction indicated by automatic signaling devices fixed at road intersections.
23. Distance from vehicles in front. The driver of a motor vehicle moving behind another
vehicle shall keep at a sufficient distance from that other vehicle to avoid collision if the
vehicle in front should suddenly slow down or stop.
24. Abrupt brake.- No driver of a vehicle shall apply brake abruptly unless it is necessary to
do so for safety reasons.
25. Vehicles to the uphill to be given precedence.- On mountain roads and steep roads, the
drive of a motor vehicle travelling downhill shall give precedence to a vehicle going
uphill wherever the road is not sufficiently wide to allow the vehicles to pass each other
freely without danger, and stop the vehicle to the side of the road in order to allow any
vehicle proceeding uphill to pass.
26. Obstruction of driver.- A driver of a motor vehicle shall, not all the person to stand or sit
or anything to be placed in such a manner or position as hamper his control of the
vehicle.
27. Speed to be restricted.- The drive of a motor vehicle shall, when passing or meeting a
procession or a body of troops or police on the march or when passing workman engaged
on road repair, drive at a speed not exceeding more than 25 kmph.
28. Driving of tractors and goods vehicles.- A driver when driving a tractor shall not carry
or allow any person to be carried on tractor. A driver of goods carriage shall not carry in
the drivers cabin more number of persons than that is mentioned in the registration
certificate and shall not carry passengers for hire or reward.
29. Projections of loads.- No person shall drive in any public place any motor vehicle which
is loaded in a manner likely to cause danger to any person in such manner that the road or
any part thereof or anything extends laterally beyond the side of the body or to the front
or to rear or in height beyond the permissible limit.

30. Restriction to carriage of dangerous substances.- Except for the fuel and lubricants
necessary for the use of the vehicle, no explosive, highly inflammable or otherwise
dangerous substance, shall be carried on any public service vehicle.
31. Restrictions on driving backwards.- No driver of a motor vehicle shall cause the
vehicle to be drive backwards without first satisfying himself that he will not thereby
cause danger or undue inconvenience to any person or in any circumstances, for any
greater distance or period of time than may be reasonably necessary in order to turn the
vehicle round.
32. Production of documents.- A person driving a vehicle,(i) shall always carry with him his driving lincence, certificate of registration; certificate
of taxation and certificate of insurance of the vehicle and in case of transport vehicle the
permit and fitness certificate, also;
(ii) shall on demand by police officer in uniform or an officer of the Motor Vehicle
Department in uniform or any other officer authorized by the Government, produce the
documents for inspection: