STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Means and its standard error (SEM) of urine Lipoarabinomannan were used to
summarize the results, while counts and percentages were used to summarize the
symptoms. Independent t-test was performed to determine if the mean uLAM
significantly differ according to duration of treatment, while analysis of covariance was
used to determine if the mean uLAM significantly differ according to symptoms and
exposure to diagnostic tools.
Peak of uLAM was assessed using pastecs package of R ver 3.1.2. Other
statistical analyses were performed using SPSS ver 20.0. P-values less than 0.05 indicate
significant difference.

RESULTS

Figure 1. Amount of Urine Lipoarabinomannan according to Duration of Treatment

The amount of urine Lipoarabinomannan (uLAM, in ng/mL) is higher on the

first two weeks of tuberculosis treatment. Specifically, its peak is found to be at day 10
[95% CI: 6.5 to 21 days] or 1.43 weeks. See Figure 1 and Table 1.[Since 14 days, or
2wks, is inside the 95% confidence interval (6.5 to 21 days), then if you hypothesized na
14 days ang peak, ayos lang.]
Table 1. Amount of Urine Lipoarabinomannan
according to Duration of Treatment
Duration of
Treatment
(days)
(wks)
uLAM (ng/mL)
Day 2
0.29
0
Day 3
0.43
0
Day 4
0.57
8.66
Day 5
0.71
0
Day 8
1.14
17
Day 9
1.29
17.77
Day 10
1.43
24.2
Day 11
1.57
6.73
Day 12
1.71
2.84
Day 14
2.0
0
Wk 3
3.0
6.09
Wk 4
4.0
7.54
Wk 5
5.0
3.01
Wk 6
6.0
0
Wk 8
8.0
0
Wk 9
9.0
0
Wk 11
11.0
0
Wk 12
12.0
0
Wk 24
24.0
0

Table 2a. Urine Lipoarabinomannan of patients according to treatment duration

Duration of
uLAM
treatment
t stat
p-value
(inng/mL)
2 weeks or less
7.2 2.1
1.081
0.145
More than 2 weeks
4.6 1.2
Values expressed as mean SEM.

It is not evident (or no significant difference) that the uLAM of Filipino

Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients with treatment more than two weeksis significantly less
(t25.8=1.081, p=0.145) than those with of treatment for less than or equal to
two weeks.

Suggestion: instead of < 2 wks versus >2 wks, bakapwedeng<2 wks

versus > 2 wks. Kasipagganun, ganitomagiging result:
Table 2b. Urine Lipoarabinomannan of patients according to treatment duration
Duration of
uLAM
treatment
t stat
p-value
(inng/mL)
Less than 2 weeks
8.7 2.3
1.861
0.045
2 weeks or more
4.0 1.1
Values expressed as mean SEM.

It is evident (may significant

difference) that the uLAM of
Filipino Pulmonary Tuberculosis
patients with treatment for at least
two weeks is significantly less
(t18.7=1.081, p=0.045) than those
with of less than two weeks.
Reason for this result is because
masyadong influential yungtatlong
patients na may saktong 2wks of
treatmentdahil zero anguLAMnila.
So ang tendency is
nahilanyapababayung 2 weeks or
less (Table 2a). On the contrary tumaasyung 2weeks or more (Table 2b) kaya
luamabasna may significant difference na.

Table 4.Treatment-Duration Adjusted Urine Lipoarabinomannan of patients

according to number of symptoms
[Pagsinabing treatment-duration adjusted uLAM,
kinompareanguLAMnungmgamay >2 symptoms and 2 or
less.However, kelanganiconsiderang duration of
treatment.Kasisyempre, mas matagalnaang treatment, most likely
mas kontinaang symptoms. So affected ng treatment duration
yungsymtpoms. Kaya kelanganiconsider. In other words, this
eliminates the bias induced by the duration of treatment.]
Duration of
treatment
More than 2
symptoms
2 symptoms or less

uLAM
(inng/mL)
5.9 1.6
5.8 1.6

Values expressed as mean SEM.

There
is
no
evidence
(p=0.979) that those who
experienced more than two
symptoms have significantly
higher mean uLAM.

F stat

p-value

0.001

0.979

Table 5.Treatment-Duration Adjusted Urine Lipoarabinomannan(in ng/mL) of

patients according to number of symptoms
[Just like Table 4, treatment-duration adjusted uLAMito. Again, its
because affected ng duration ang symptoms. So di wise
nasymtpomslang then compare uLAM. Duration of treatment has to be
considered.]
Symptoms
With symptom
F stat p-value
Without symptom
Coughing
6.1 1.2
3.8 3.4
0.417
0.523
Hemoptysis
12.5 2.6
4.5 1.1
7.971
0.008
Chest pain
5.5 1.6
6.2 1.6
0.095
0.759
Body malaise
5.7 1.4
6.0 2.1
0.020
0.889
Breathing difficulty
5.2 1.4
7.0 1.9
0.550
0.464
Values expressed as mean SEM.

Those who experience hemoptysis [F=7.971, p=0.008] is found

to have significantly higher adjusted mean uLAM as compared to those
who have not experienced hemoptysis.
Meanwhile, there is no significant difference in the adjusted
mean uLAM of those who experienced coughing (p=0.523), chest pain
(p=0.759), body malaise (p=0.889) and breathing difficulty (p=0.464)
and those who did not.
Table 6.Treatment-Duration Adjusted uLAM according to symptoms
With
Without
Exposure
exposure
exposure
F stat
p-value
AFB
6.9 1.3
3.7 1.9
1.934
0.174
X-ray
4.8 1.2
9.1 2.3
2.590
0.117
Values expressed as mean SEM.

AFB (p=0.174) and X-ray (p=0.117) does not affect the mean uLAM of
PTB patients.

Recalling the objectives:

1) To assess if the level of urine LAM among Filipino Pulmonary Tuberculosis
patients is at its highest during the first 2 weeks of treatment.
Answer: peak is at day 10 [95% CI: 6.5 to 21 days] or 1.43 weeks.
2) To assess if the level of urine LAM among Filipino Pulmonary Tuberculosis
patients is significantly decreased after 2 weeks of treatment.
Answer: No significant decrease (p=0.145, Table 2a).
3) To determine if the level of urine LAM is higher among Pulmonary Tuberculosis
patients undergoing treatment and manifesting more than 2 symptoms associated
with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Answer: No significant difference (p=0.979, Table 4).
4) To determine if the level of urine LAM is lower among Pulmonary Tuberculosis
patients undergoing treatment and manifesting only 2 symptoms associated with
Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
I think this is the same as # 3. Objective #3 stated, higher more than 2
symptoms then #4 stated, lower only two symtpoms. By the wall, the
range of number of symptoms is 2 to 5. So walangnakaexperienceng one
symptom only so I think this is really the same as objective 3 (presented in
Table 4).
5) To correlate the level of urine LAM with other standard PTB diagnostic tools
such as AFB smear and Chest X-Ray.
No correlation (no significant differences), see Table 5.
Incidental finding: Those who experience hemoptysis [F=7.971,
p=0.008] is
found to have significantly higher adjusted mean uLAM.

These may not be needed,

7

Information (turning points) for: mydata[, "V2"]

4
3
1

I (bits), level = 5%

Pakitakolang, yung intersection ng

broken red line dito and nung black
line (actual data, like zoomed part ng
Figure 1) is 4.5 and 11. Yun yung peak
points estimate at 95% confidence
interval ha. The value 11 refers to
the 11th data in the series which is
yung 3rd week and 4.5 refers to the
value between 4th and 5th in the series
which are 0.71 and 1.14 wk (or
between day 5 and day 8). Thenin
4
6
8
10
case curious kayo sa left axis, kung
data
number
bakit1,2,3,7, those are the information Ivalues based on Kendalls
information theory. Anyway, ditokokasihinugotyung day 6.5 to wk3 na
confidence interval. Never mind these explanationssiguro. =)

(Never mind these things below, etolangginamitkosa software na R.)

mydata<- read.table("datadatahancollapsed.txt")
plot(mydata[,"V2"],type="l")
keme<-turnpoints(mydata[,"V2"])
summary(keme)
plot(keme)
plot(mydata[,"V2"],type="l")
lines(keme)
datadatahancollapsed.txt contains:
V1 V2
1 0.29 0.00
2 0.43 0.00
3 0.57 8.66
4 0.71 0.00
5 1.14 17.00
6 1.29 17.77
7 1.43 24.20
8 1.57 6.73
9 1.71 2.84

12

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
9.00
11.00
12.00
24.00

0.00
6.09
7.54
3.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00