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Wearedonewiththeanalysispart,nowwewilldiscussthedesignproblem
whereinwearegivenwithMuandwehavetodesignforthespecifications.
ItprobablyisclearthatthefinalMucannotbedetermineduntilthesizeofthe
beamsection,(selfweight)isknown.Thissetsupthenormalinteractioncycle
betweenanalysisanddesign.Analysisofassumedsectionsizesfollowedby
memberdesignbasedonthatanalysis,thenreanalysisbasedonupdatedsection
sizes,andfinally,somedesignmodificationontheupdatedanalysis
1. Concretecracksduetotensionandasaresult,reinforcementis
requiredwherethereistensilestress.
2. Barcutoffs:
a. Portionofthesteelisextendedpastthepointofinflectionto
accountforshiftsinthepointsofinflectionduetoshear
cracking
b. Cutoffsareusuallybasedontheavailablerebarlengthsinthe
market:6,7.5,9.0,10.5and12.0(m)
3. Transversebars(stirrups)areprovidedforshearforcesandtohold
layersofbarsinplaceduringconstructionshearreinforcement
4. Barsmustbeanchoredintothesupportanchoragelength
5. Splicinganddevelopmentlength
Trivia:bolstersactuallycarriesaUSPatent
Thecodealsospecifiesminimumbeamandslabdepthintheabsenceof
deflectioncalculation.Notethatthistablewasalsobasedoncomputed
deflectionfortypicalloadingandsupportcondition.
Itisgeneralpracticetousethedistance2db(radius=halfthediameter,4db)
measuredfrominsidethebendtocenteroftheoutsidelongitudinalbarsfor
stirrups
Tobondthereinforcementtotheconcretesothatthetwoelementsacttogether
(actslikeascotchtape,thethicker,thebetterbond)
Firerating:20mm=1hr.fireratingforslab,40mm=2hrs.forbeams
Additionalcoverontopofslabstoprotectfromabrasionandtearduetotraffic
thatreducethecoverbelowthatrequiredforstructuralandotherpurposes
(a.k.awearingcourse,usuallyasphalt)
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Importantisnottooverestimate ,becausenormalconstructionpracticesmayleadto
smallervaluesof thanshownonthedrawings.
Thebeamshouldbedesignedthatwhenitisabouttocrack,thetensionsteel
reinforcementshouldcarrythetensileforce.Todothis,theminimummoment
strengthofRCbeamsectionshouldbeequalorgreaterthanthecracking
momentstrengthforplainconcretesection.Thiswillpreventsuddenfailuredue
tobeamcracking
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Sincewearecomputingfordimensionsandareaofsteelreinforcement,and
knowingthat
/ ,itmaybegoodtostarttheanalysiswithassuminga
target
Moreover,weselectatarget becausetheproblemisindeterminate
moreunknowns(b,h,As)thanavailableequilibriumequations(F,M)
thusinfinitesolutions
Then,wecalculatethedimensionsusingtarget
Finally,calculatethesteelreinforcement,
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Calculatingfortarget ,
0.005.Butuse,
0.0075instead(you'll
seelaterwhy,anywayif isincreaseditwillstillbewithinthelimitsince
isindirectlyproportionalto )
0.003
0.286
0;
0.85
0.85 0.286
4
*similarformwith
0.286
soeitherbeconfusedorbeguided
Insight:Oldpracticeistouse
0.5 .Ifgivenwithtypicalrebarwith
420
600
0.85
600
0.5
0.85
600
0.5
4
600 420
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Expressthestrengthcriteriafunctionintermsofbeamdimensions,
incorporating , that is, express
0;
Replacing
and withfunctionsof
0;
0.85
let,
/ 0.85 andsubstituting
0.85
0.85
Goingback
0.5
/
0.5
0.5
0.5
/ 0.85
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