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Biology Paper 2

Cell structure and cell organisation

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2005
Section
B

2006
Section
B

2007
Section
C

(1)

2008
Section
B

(1)

(2)

(6a)

CELL , STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION

YEAR 2006
SECTION A
1. Diagram 1 shows a plant cell as seen under electron microscope.

Chloroplast
Nucleus
Vacuole
Golgi body

(a)(i) On Diagram 1, label the structures P, Q, R and S.

[4 marks]

(ii) State the function of structure :

P:
Q:

Absorbs light energy (to carry out photosynthesis

Control the cell activities / contain DNA
[2 marks]

(b) Explain the role of R to maintain cell turgidity

F : Maintains the osmotic concentration/pressure of the cell sap
P1 : If the cell is flaccid/ cell sap has high osmotic concentration/pressure, more water
enters the cell (by osmosis)
P2 : If the cell has excess water/ cell sap has low osmotic concentration / pressure,
water will move out of the cell.
[Either P1 or P2].
[2 marks]

Answer To Score
2009

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Biology Paper 2

Cell structure and cell organisation

(c) Every somatic cell which contains structure Q has a potential to form a complete new
organism.
(i) Name the technique used to produce new plants in large quantity
Tisssue culture//cloning.
[1 mark]
(ii) By using one suitable part of the plant, explain the technique in 1(c)(i)
Able to name the part of plant used
Shoot/root/lateral buds (orchids/bananas) (1)
Able to explain the technique used to produce new organism
Treatment
Tissue (meristem)/shoot/root/lateral buds/ is washed and treated with sterilizing
agent/bleach/hydrogen peroxide (1)
Requirement for growth
Tissue/explant is cultured in nutrient medium (sterile), suitable temperature and pH

(1)
Principle of cloning
Cells divide by motosis to form a callus (1)
Product
Callus differentiate to form root and shoot/seedling/clone (1)
[Any three]
[4 marks]
YEAR 2007
SECTION A
2 Diagram 1 shows a cross section of organ X in the human body.

(a) (i) Name -organ X.

Skin
[1 mark]
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2009

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Biology Paper 2

Cell structure and cell organisation

(ii) Table 1 shows the function of several organs in the human body.
Transporting oxygen.
Regulating body temperature

(1)

Eliminating urea

(1)

Converting excess glucose to glycogen

As a protective layer

(1)

Table 1
Tick () the three correct functions of organ X, in the boxes provided in Table 1.
[3 mark]
(b) Erector muscle is a tissue.
State reasons why X is classified as an organ and erector muscle is classified as a tissue.
X: .Consist of a group of different tissues such a connective tissues, muscle tissues;
combined together to form a specific function.
Erector muscle : Consist of a group of cells (which perform a specific function) .
[2 marks]
(c) The following information shows some of the organ systems found in the human body.
Tick () the two systems which contain organ X, in the boxes provided below.
Blood circulation system
Respiratory system

(1)

Integumentary system

(1)

Excretory system
[2

marks]
(d) Human body temperature is maintained at 37 C.
Explain the roles of the erector muscle, hair follicle and sweat gland in maintaining the
body temperature on a hot day.
Erector muscle : Erector muscle relaxes, hair lie flat against the skin/fall down
Hair follicle : (Hair lie flat against the skin) less air / a thin layer of air is trapped
between the hair and the surface of the skin.
More heat is lost to the atmosphere through radiation.
Sweat gland : Secrete sweat// sweat evaporates.
Some amount of heat/ latent heat of vapourization is lost to the
surrounding
[3 marks]

Answer To Score
2009

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Biology Paper 2

Cell structure and cell organisation

YEAR 2008
SECTION A
2. Diagram 2 shows four levels of cell organisation in humans.

Rajah 2
(a) Complete Table 2 by naming Level 2 and Level 3.
Level
1
2
3
4

Name
Cells
Tissue
Organ
System
Table 2

(b) (i) The cells undergo process X to become specific cells that perform a specific function.
Name the process X.
Differentiation
[ 1 mark]
(ii) What is the function of the structure in level 2?
Able to contract and relax.
[ 1 mark]
(iii) The structure in level 4 is one of the body systems. Name this system.
.(blood) circulatory system
[ 1mark]
(iv) State one function of the system in 2(b)(iii).
P1: Transport nutrients/antibodies/hormone/digested food
P2 : Helps in body defence against diseases/produce antibodies/kill pathogen
P3 :Homeostatis//balance of body fluids
[Any one]
[ 1 mark]
(c) (i) Name and explain the condition which can cause a blockage in blood vessel S.
Name : Atherosclerosis/Thrombosis//Arteriosclerosis/Embolism

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Biology Paper 2

Cell structure and cell organisation

Explanation :
P1 : Deposition of cholesterol/fats/fibrous tissue/dead muscle cells/clumping blood
platelets
P2 : Beneath the artery wall/inside the lumen of blood vessel
P3 : causes the narrowing of lumen /blood vessel
[Max 2 marks]
[3 marks]
(ii) A person is suffering from the condition in 2(c)(i).
State three effects on the person's health.
1. Heart attack//cardiovascular disease

2. Angina.
3. Cardiac arrest
4. Breathing difficulties
5. stroke
[Any three]
[3 markah]
SECTION B
6. (a) Diagram 6.1 shows the structure of a unicellular organism which lives in a freshwater
pond.

Diagram 6.1
Explain the function of X in osmoregulation.
P1 : Contractile vacuole regulates amount of water/osmotic pressure//
P2 : Excess of water in the cell diffuses into//enters the contractile vacuole by
osmosis
P3 : contractile vacuole enlarges/increase in size (to maximum size)//
P4 : 9and then) contractile vacuole contracts/burst//
P5 : releasing water to the external environment//
P6 : X is contractile vacuole
[Max 4]
[4 marks]

Answer To Score
2009

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