fH Ee-R- Y

or-

F81\l It-t ~

H~T LlNF
~.

t:CCTl F (C~ I( a-N

- _. - ---:-- --------

-.. , ..... - . -- .. .. \

-,

'.

I.~

. .. : "

~ .

'.

.' "f

.~

.'

. . .-

-- . ----_ ....... - .. ...

II

,...

'

-. -.'-'-"-----1

...

A.t.s~

f,,'I;

,~,

IIt w.
~. ' ('''''' J

~',

_ ..

, .

.-.. ..

.
- --

.-- ____.J
!
.- -/-- ~

__ ._._-- ',

"

--'"-----'1'

_~I3.~ ..LL S~LSS" Yl2.! i ~ f -;

__ .. ____._ -(b ~ oOc X I k r:..) ._.____.

.-. .
/.: .---~' ~
..

~ j

... _----..--.-~I

------_._ -

-,

._ - - -- --

-;-1

---

- _._--;. . -

---.---

---.......-~

._-...,- -_ ...fl'
_.. j -'.15
..---".
--- ---------.----... --.... --._- . ... ~~f
G)

-,

-----E;,.. ---rn -"---" -~

L . '....;,
. _

-~
----------------r(f).. ::---....

'

------~- ~+ . .,
-

.
~--:,(i~6M"I)

--, -,-.~ -:..:tifAfW~~. ~..

'~"' \~~~ '(~r~

.. __ - 1

_._~ I

..

..

"'.-' .-.. . -.. "1--' \ .' .,

', ' :>: ~~~~-, -~~r~----------- .+ , f .7-1V"'-.7" .~~ ~- .-- -- . ~.- .

" .

J:" ~ {':----- - -:. -

\ .. ,; ,.

'

. -

~ .-t;-_ ... ::

. i----J -' .- .-

be~d. ~ 'p .

____ ..'_

I'

,.--_~

-' ,, '

--1.

" -~l

_J

.. .!--~- l
r. . .

2,

I. 4.43

Method of removing distortion - Hogging Panel

(i)

Method of removing distortion by pine needle heating

method.

(ii)

Heating of panel - start from the stiffener slowly

moving to the centre line of between the two
stiffener.
Angle of heating - needle pine method - 45

onwards.
:~

.:

:~;
NOTE

Pine needle heating section will shrink on the other side

of the weldments - near centre between centre of the bulb
plate.

The heat of this method will stretch and become

straight with tension.

I-

---..

-~-

-'

FIG.16 - Hogging panel - distortion removal

CAUTION
Th~

start of the heating point must be kept near to stiffeners

because the heat will cause the appearance to bend.

Please refer to Fig. 17.

FIG. 17 APPEARANCE DISTORTED

,-

Method regarding to the effect of heat line fairing.

i)

Removed unbalanced distribution on all decks.

ii)

Result - partly welded area, expansion takes places.

iii)

Types of heat distribution on panel construction.

Fig. 17
Explanation of the deck panel - removing the distorted area.
i)

First heat the line of deck panel on the longitudinals

and transverse stiffeners.

ii)

Heating temperature of around soooe or 600 e with water

cooling method.

iii)

Weaving method to be applied on the heating area with

width of around sOmm - lOOmm

iv)

Partly distorted section, line heating to be applied

later.

25

Example of deck panel - removing distortion.

FIG 17 - Removing distortion on deckpanel.
(1)

All longitudinal & transverse seam are to be line

heating

techniques~

(2)

Heating temperature - 500 0 e to 600 0 e with water cooling.

(3)

Result - Removed distortion almost all section of the

deckpanel.

(4)

Partly removed, hogging distortion area.

Pine needle, heating technique to be applied.

Example - Deck panel.

Thickness about 8mm thick
Angle bar height - 125 mm
France space - 750 mm
Method of heating

-26

FIG 15 Effect of water cooling

\fuye - large amount of contraction.

Usually - method of cooling effect is by uS1ng water cooling

effect.
Reason (i)

Effect and degree of removing distortion possible grasp

(catch) in the spot area by water cooling.

(ii)

Cause of line heating - water cooling provides a bigger

angular distortion.

(iii) By using point heating - more and larger shrinkage by water

cooling effects.

i"

-- -

~ ..:~~

'.

-- -

1-

\ 100

~l~,

- - - ..... -

120

Time a' I e r ' .1 a rIo I he a I ( He)

p Jale Ihickne,,: 20.0M

I rave III D5'

spcl:d,

'----""""-- 3 .. 3 C /1IiA.

...

suilxe lemp.
aboul850'C
,.. -- -.: ::.-.,;::.-~

- ' .-

2..LQ

.-

80:0
.. j

_ .-_... -op--

-...
I~O

1.51

Regarding to effect of water cooling

~n

line heating

technique.
Refer to Fig.19 & 20 (Test and effect of line heating
by water cooling.
(i)

Appearance of angular distortion is very great

(large angle) when water cooling commence.

(ii)

Angular distortion will decrease gradually.

(iii)

Finally, distortion angle amount is small.

(iv)

Result gradually deformation takes place.

FIG 21 Effect of heat on the plate deformation - Angular distortion.

Experiment on the plate of size 350mm x 600mm x 20.Omm thick .

! ' ~~I
I

. . ,

..

.,

-J

X10 .

.. '"

',. e T r a\,'~ I Jin Il S pee d :

,..... 30

2 Ii 7u/m i n.
Sur T;C"e T('In~ :

'"
g 2.0
......

'-"

aonu t 9
.~

..

~Q)
"0

...t;

'uni

p. .

1.0

-------------

we

Plate thicknrss :20.01%1

_/'dOI

::

':L

sp('C"imcn

___ ~Air 0n(llin~

. . (~~~)

l'

- - - - Ovcr \\';tler

hO;t"
lt~J
JJ
",,,1.1"

C()(l

(J::..~~)

30

60

90

120

..

Time :liter slOirt

iI \'').

2-1.:..-'._ \A(",tu-
__

150

or

I ~O

210 - '"

-.

heal(sec)

~____-+"V\_c,._~_'_e..<_('_c.1.

r-e(a.(~~~/~.
u .... ___ _. . _ _ _ ._

28

1.6

Opposite side method - water cooling.

Case of curvature distortion of plate refer to 1.3.1 step.
Max. temp. arrangement from plate thickness usually case
by case using air cooling on the top side and water cooling.
Information
Method of opposite side water cooling, on opposite side of
heating line technique.
Refer to drawing 22.

Comparison of top side a1r cooling and

on opposite side water cooling.

Case of opposite side water cooling opposite side always using
0
water cooling - temperature 20 - 1000C but topside cooling case compare - appearance curvature distortion, more than large top
side air cooling.
FIG 23, degree of curvature distortion of opposite side
water cooling.
curvature side.

Effective of water cooling is more on the

Opposite side is more effective than a1r cooling.

According to Fig. 23 - Test piece is 850 x I.S00mm plate thickness

7mm.

Removing distortion of 1 panel refer to Fig. 23 - X-axis

(surface temperature)

,-

Case of opposite side - water cooling removing distortion

time - faster.
Therefore achieve max~mum curvature of stiffener area.
Case of not using opposite side water cooling, using heating
temperature 600 0 C - next effection.
That means, refer 1.3.1 and Fig. 4
Exp1aination - more effective heating condition.
Compare - air cooling more larger curvature distortion
quantity.
Result - effective on thin plate and case of same thickness
plates - effective surface temp larger

3(

H~ji4

..._.__..-..-.

- .zr~---- ----

~ vIM

(jUY I??

~---~--.----:- . ------

- - ._._- .... ..

-_._-----

. ...

"

006

LL

~.~

- .~---

..... --_ .._-_ .__._.._..... ....

-~ E 10 -",. .~-===--=-.;==~=- --- .. --I.ci)- 6)";-_.... -- '-"

f:

" .

:I/:, I . . . . l,

-\.,Q

:... .. - ~I: . . .

..-.---~?~

c
o
.-

0 ~~~

I /

...-

y~ -" "- ' - ' "

.-.._._ ..... 'V,: ...... _./- , , -- _... .. _.....

I

:~, 01'::::; C:l

16 -.... -.........:~.::: f,::::;: .: ._. .-. - ".

8 . 12

"(j/4

7(mln) ....' .... _ ~.

.6-1 0 /0

. ..... . __ .. . ...

... rrj~:34.. ,_

"

Na die

/J1Yu.

... _. __~~:h~ ~rh-or:J .

. -_ .... ...:-:. ' .1 .-:: .:.:-:- _- ~----1 r-:-~-.

:
"-"-

' ~"

.
' ;'TO - - -

. ' ,--:-.

. ..... . ..

~.--

', '

"

[!J:

8-011

- .. .. .. . . . . -

__ .

._ ... .

"

1 - '_

r:; 35. .

_. __ . .. . .

". -

.. . -

.. .

.. .

_ .0.. - .- .. -0.

~e dt~fuv"''n-,
,,

-_ ... ........ _... . .

' '' ,

; .

.. ..

_.. _. - .

" I''' , ..

- - - -_ .. _-- ..

.-

- - -. .. -

.. .. _ .- _ ......... . - - .

... ... .. ..

"' r

' --

'- --

.- ..

__- - - ----------_.__--_ .. -_
... - ._ .. ......... ..

. . .-

. .. .. - .

- - --- ----1'-----------.,.-..--~_r-..._...:..J~!:..:,.

_ _ _ _ -_ ---.-- - - - -

- ,

CO"""'-Y'G..H~d""- 1o.e..~V\ .
fc>~< GJ~ ~ ~
LV\~ . {h' y &>ol\~
~O{ T~ ~ ~~ ,

Cz,Cll \'vj

l.A.>1')-1.

A-t~ .r

,","

"0
'-

_E 18

I8 -

E 16
-.. ':-'

16

.-

14

14

12

12

LQ

c:
o

-':,=

nc!:.t

'-

- 0

'

~~

Vi 10
o r.
C

~
. ...... G'
.-

-I

~~ c .

10 '

CI

900"(

900"(

Back Water (~~) 4

Cocling
.

20 -

~~

,L,ir Coolin]

'2

6-- 10

min.

20 30-4050,

1(520

30

rnin.

40 50 .

Total heat time for removing distorlicn ~

J

20 -

20

18

18

,"'-E. J C
r-

16

1
I

..s. 1~

"

'>

L{)

12

0. 10
. . . .......
li'l
.,, 0

-(')

-c
.-

86~

900e

,.

WQt~r

I.

g:)

_: Ai r Cco lin 9

4 -

"

1 1

to

Cooling

L!::.i n. o ___

.l __ _

30

40

60

'0

mIn.

.J_. _ _-.l..--1..~_..J

to

00 30 40 60

3,

2. I

Flame Fairing - (Distortion of T-Bar)

2. I I

Build up type - Transverse Panel.

2. I .2

(a)

First, heat the web

(b)

Second, heat the face plate.

Build up type - Longitudinal Panel

(A)

Bend of Face Plate

(i)

First, heat the web plate

(ii)

Second, heat the face plate.

Heating temperature - 600

(effective).

(B)

Hogging T-bar - refer to fig.

(i)

Heat, near the T-bar joints.

(ii)

Principal of moment - bending

(b)

Heat the face plate.

Heating temperature - 600 0 e

900 0 e max1mum

....-------------~---~-/-------------------- .-----------------____'"-'---I.K-_ _ _- - - - - - - - - - -

\. .....:...--

~----------~-=~_,.----~~~~--_r_~---~-~~~--~--------- -

f kh

G.a-,)-:.,..

_8_~_ __-r1.__~_._-.__r-. . .; ;\~;:. . +_.....'~ -._ _ _ _ _ _ ___

--~-_:__,..__-d?2~(!)OJ t. ~--f~.~ \O-t~ ..'~_- =

- ' - -__ -'I ___

Y

L ___ _

. r~'i~b .. j~ ~~&_l'_A...Cl_O-_\'_-_~_a_~__'_~ __, __

---''------- - ---_.- __ _ __ . ______._ __

, 3~

2.2

Angle Bar

2.2.1

Angle Bar - Transverse Distortion - Panel.

(i)

First heat the web side

(H)

When h e ating is applied - re f er t o bending moment F i g. 27

(Hi)

Second, heat the face plate.

Angle bar - Longitudinal Distortion - Panel

2.2.2

(a)

Bottom side of angle Bar

(i)

Heating on the web (2/3 of web)

(H)

Heat

completely on the full thickness the bottom

side of angle bar.

(b)

Upper side of Angle Bar

Fig. 2.8 (Longitudinal Distortion of Angle Bar)

(i)

Heat (1/3) length on the upper web (water cooling

method)

(ii)

'"

Then, second, heat on the flange.

~~'D .--~- II
.- -

..- - . - - ..- - -- ..

:,....'------.:..-:.------

.. --- _._. . _-

. . .....'- - - - - - ... _ . -. - _ .

_ Fr~~7~..-: _T~SVJ2A ~ c('t:~_~~

_... _.__ ._ . _. __ .._._.. _L . __._ ~0 \-e ,-.b~.

6f

.' .-.,-: . . .-. - ...-....---

----- .-- - --- - - - --~. -=--

--:..-

>-:-.~.__.~~. _ . ' @)I . ~~_i;~.. . :!~~:--;.r.:-~ .~~~=~~~2:=~; ~~.

, -.

.- '- - - . ':'! - _ .... .

...._...;. . _..__. _f,~ -:.~?,

I-

.--- .. --- .-- . -

.. .

_Boi'\-~ '3~_.?f __~ ~c:.

-~_\~

~\'ol.e .._of
... .
~r .

3-

2.3

Plate Joining - Panel

Fig 29 - Straight Curve type (i)

Line heating - on stiffener

(ii)

Line heating - opposite side near welding seam

- ---------------------

----~-,...::;;:;:::- . ----- --- - -

~~f-~-~---

I-I _ _ _ _

Curve Down type - panel

(i)

Curve area - applied heating (needle p1ne fairing

technique)

(ii)

Line heating - near welding seam

3:

II

Curve up type
a

(i)
(ii)

(iii)

Heat line 90 away from

heating line - opposite side of bulk plate/angle bar
stiffener.
Line heating near Butt welding Seam

(Q)

.__.___.__._.F_:~.!.J)~~-_~-U-~V-:--.-~I'-'-.-'~-/?-.t!.-.-.-

-- -- - - ~ -

3(
II

2.4

Tack up waving form (Panel)

2.4. I

Fig. 32 Tack up waving form.

Waving form type of Distortion - Panel.
(a)

First, heat the stiffener on the panel.

to (SOOoC - 600C) temperature

(b)

Second - needle pine heating on the hogging side.

_.,

(c)

After the second heating (needle pine method)

heat the remaining sagging area to removing the
remaining stress.

2.4.2

Wave distortion in panel (Fig. 35)

(i)

Line heating

(ii)

When line heating - distortion.

Hogging up appear

(iii)

Impossible - curve up panel.

(Once - heat line - conti-n ue heating.

(iv)

Curve up panel - pine needle heating to apply.

2 .61

Transverse Distortion (Corrugated wall) FIG 38)

(i)

First time heating - around - wall

by using water (depends on plate thickriess)

(ii)

Second time - higher temp. more than the first

(refer to page 5)

2.62

FIG. 39 - Removing distortion - dent on corrugated.

Triangle heating

2.63

Removing distortion on

butt joint - Fig. 40

Line heating - from the distorted angle near the butt

joint\ line.
In that case,

us~ng

opposite side water cooling - more

effective.

2.64

Removing distortion - Door area

Refer to Fig. 41
Line heating near the bend area and using opposite side
water cooling technique

4)

-----.""7"-----.....,---.. --.- -

----_._- _....-_._-_. _-- -- ---_ ..

_ _ .1 _ _ _ :':'_/

_.- .. ..

-.-

..

- _. .

r=-:- - .-'- '---- ~--.--...----

-H-- -.-....-.---.----.'-. ...-..-.. -.... ---.--'--1 - - - - - - - - -. - _. -

.- -

--

- . - -.-

_ ._--------------_._-----------

.. -

_ _-_._---.-_...

- - -.- -

---.--.- - -. -

- .- - - - -. - - .- - - - . -.- .--.---- .

~--- . ---- . -

. . -- '- .

.- - . .. .

II

- -2.5

Opening spaces, round and oval

to
AccordingLExplanation - opening space - removing distortion
(i)

Line heating - opening space

(ii)

Upward heating

(iii)

Spot heating - around hole (Near stiffener)

(iv)

line heating

Triangular heating.

CAUTIONS
Case of line heating - corner
Because of twisted end.
2.6

Corrugated wall
(Accommodation Deck)
Removing distortion 'of corrugated wall using accommodation wall

~n

the accommodation deck - must be cautions.

By heating and shrinking relief By corrugated expansion technique" ~n that case, too many
heating.

3q

_ ._ .,=
__,.,.,.
. . ...,.;;
.. -':-. ~-

_ _.......-..!L---L------L--!l:..;~-....._..-U----./

---- -~~~- -"-----~ -.--.--.- ----. ~.:--

a> ..

1-

4c