7.

0 RESULTS
TIME (min)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69

R1 (mS)
0.164
12.150
7.800
5.110
3.450
2.350
1.429
1.000
0.720
0.526
0.400
0.310
0.258
0.227
0.206
0.193
0.183
0.177
0.173
0.169
0.169
0.168
0.166
0.166

R2 (mS)
0.170
8.920
9.250
6.980
5.630
4.080
3.160
2.380
1.787
1.300
0.971
0.741
0.573
0.458
0.370
0.306
0.259
0.229
0.207
0.198
0.187
0.187
0.181
0.177

R3 (mS)
0.172
3.280
5.290
6.670
7.040
6.880
6.060
5.290
4.490
3.700
2.910
2.310
1.817
1.427
1.138
0.902
0.704
0.555
0.438
0.363
0.310
0.264
0.235
0.212

Figure 7.1: Graph of conductivity of fluid versus time

8.0 DISCUSSION
The objective in this experiment is to determine the effect of pulse input to the
concentration in CSTR reactor. Based on the Figure 7.1, the graph of conductivity versus
time was plotted. The value of conductivity was recorded in each 3 minutes time
intervals.
In each reactor in series in pulse input, the concentration was increased by function
of time. Then, it achieved peak concentration at certain time interval before dropped to
concentration=0. It can be seen through the graph in Figure 7.1 which first reactor
achieved steeper concentration curve rather than the second and third reactor. This is
because the diluted sodium chloride enters the reactor 1 first and then reactor 2, 3 bypass
with deionised water containing deionised water flow into the reactors. Thus, lead the
concentration of sodium chloride decreased as the deionised water was not fully removed
during the flow.
Residence time-distribution function is used to describe on how much feed have

spent in the reactor (Fogler, 2006). Yet in this experiment, it only used to describe how
much degree of concentration response to pulse input CSTRs in series. As time increased,
concentration of three reactors almost same which is 0.166 (mS/cm), 0.177 (mS/cm) and
0.212 (mS/cm) respectively for reactor 1, 2 and 3 after 69 minutes.
Due to graph, the inlet concentration of three reactors may different because of the
flow rate that not constant at 150mL/min. The reading of conductivity at the final minutes
cannot be same as the entering sodium chloride due to the fixed volume used in tank
which is 20L. If the volume used is more than 20L, the final value of conductivity for all
three reactors may get as same as the initial one which is 0.164 (mS/cm) for reactor 1,
0.170 (mS/cm) for reactor 2 and 0.172 (mS/cm) for reactor 3.

REFERENCE
- H. Scott Fogler (2006), Chemical Reaction Engineering, Fourth Edition Pearson
International Edition, Pearson Education Inc.
- Solteq Engineering (2013), Equipment for Education and Research, Continuous Stirred
Tanks Reactor