1

Functions of HVDC Group ----------------------------------------------------------------------2

HVDC Installations in INDIA-------------------------------------------------------------------3

POWERGRID HVDC PROJECTS -------------------------------------------------------------5
3.1

VINDHYACHAL HVDC BACK-TO-BACK STATION ------------------------------------- 5

3.2

RIHAND DADRI HVDC BIPOLE STATION--------------------------------------------------- 7

3.3

CHANDRAPUR HVDC BACK TO BACK STATION---------------------------------------- 9

3.4

THE VIZAG -I HVDC BACK TO BACK STATION ----------------------------------------11

3.5

THE SASARAM HVDC BACK TO BACK STATION --------------------------------------13

3.6

THE TALCHER -KOLAR HVDC SYSTEM ---------------------------------------------------16

3.7

THE VIZAG -II HVDC BACK TO BACK STATION ---------------------------------------19

Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
4.1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21

Advantages of HVDC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

Development of HVDC Transmission-------------------------------------------------------- 23

Economic Comparisons of HVDC Vs HVAC ----------------------------------------------- 24

Components of the HVDC Station------------------------------------------------------------ 26

8.1

Thyristor Valves-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26

8.2

Converter Transformer -------------------------------------------------------------------------------29

8.3

AC filters --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31

8.4

AC switchgear -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31

8.5

Smoothing reactor --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31

8.6

DC filters --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33

8.7

DC Switchgear-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33

8.8

PLC Filters -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33

Reactive Power control ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

9.1

Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35

9.2

Reactive Power Management ------------------------------------------------------------------------35

10

Frequency control and AC System Damping Control ---------------------------------- 36

11

Insulation Co-ordination -------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

12

STATION LOSSES -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37

Page 1 of 37

"

Page 2 of 37

" & &%

"
'

"
+$

"

3
"2
"
$

'
, - ,./ 0 1
1
'

'
&

2
+ 1

'

&

())/+ $
'
6
2

'

%
,-5./ 0 1

4
4
&
01 7

()**

4
*(/ 8
% " 6

+
6(.//

7 '
' 2

2
+

'
60

,-.// 0 1

"

"& &%

"

'

+ !

" '
'

'

;// "
&

"
+
0

()))

2
())5+ $

%
6

'
2

'

&

,-5./ 0 1
7
1
"
'

'
'
0

+
<

.// 0 1
=
2 .// 0 1
,//,
<

'

'

&

" & &%

+ $
'

"

"
%

" & &%

'

"
3

'

'

"
"
()))+

" '
3

'

'

'

Page 3 of 37

,/// 0 1
" + $

'
&

&8
" '
6(>5/ "

%
7+

:
2

'

'

'

+ 1
./// 0 1 '
'

'
+
:
>/2/// 0 1

&

"2

&

'

,/(,+

2
,//.

% "& &%
? +

"

"

<
.// 0 1

'
'

Page 4 of 37

>
!"

$
1

% '
!
=
!
'

./

&'

'%

&

./

;// "

;// "

# 1 <4 4
!% %
!
()*)

<:
0

'
'

!+ + 3

#
%

'

"

9 ,-,./ 0 1
9 5/ "
9 >@// !
9 (+(
,

'+

'

(+>>
!

.
'

+
"

;// "

+
6A
<

7 9 ()A

!
B

&

B
(.@

;//CD > >/+.CD > >/+.

;//

>/+.CD > >/+.

&(,A

&(,A

E(@A

E(@A

&

'
0 !
4
"
$

3 +!
;-@/ 0

(.@

(.@

!4 2 ((C(>
; - >. 0

2 ;-@/ 0
!4 2.C,;

(.@

!42 >C,5

Page 5 of 37

+
3 +!
<
$
+
;/ - , F */

#
'
6#

Page 6 of 37

!"

%
4

63

63

'

./

./

=
!

;// "
'

;// "

# 1 <4 4
!% %
())/2 G

<:
0

% "

#
())(

'

4
'

!+ + 3

'

"

'

7
9 ,- 5./ 0 1
9 EC& .// "
9 (5*@ !
9 *(/ "

63
7 3

!
+ $

' "
> '

;// "

+
%

'

,+.

>+
$
4

"

9 (*A

>/.

B
(.,+.

;//CD > ,(>CD > ,(>

;//

,/@CD > ,/@

&(/A

&(/A

>(.

'
0 !
4
"
$

B
(.5+.

(.5+.

(.,+.

Page 7 of 37

$
! 4
>->) 0

E(;A

E(;A

F *(/ "
>-((* 0 !4 2 >C>@ 2 ((C(> 2
!4 2 ((C(>
+

,;
>-5/+. 0

!
>-5)+( 0 !4 2 >C>@
>-55+* 0 !4 2 ((C(> 2 ,;
.C,5
,- 6(,2 ,;7
<
H
"
+$
H
+
$
+
$'
>@/
<

2
!4 .C,5

((C(>
>-5/+. 0

2
!4

+
)@ 3 + @+.

'
+#
(*/

+
+

<

Page 8 of 37

!"!

1
%

&

&

'

./

./

=
!

;// "
'

;// "

# 1 <4 4
< &! $ # 0
2 ())5
)//

0
<:

'
'

!+ + 3

#
%
"

'

"

9 ,-.// 0 1
9 ,/. "
9 ,;5. !
9 (+(
,

'

+$

:
4
6A

'+

(+>>
.
!
'
>'
+
,+,
$

+
"

;//

7 9 (*+(A
!

,>;

B
((5

;//CD > )>CD > )>

;//

)>CD > )>

&@A
E,5A

&@A

,>;

B
((5

((5

((5

'
0 !
4
"
$

E,5A
!

3 +!
! 1

@-(/@ 0

!4 2 (,C,;

Page 9 of 37

&

"

!
,-(/@ 0

(/@ 0

!4 2 >

% @-(/@ 0
!42 >

3 +!
<
"

+
!4 2 (,C,;
+

., 3 + .+.
+$

+
$

'
+

3!

Page 10 of 37

!")

'

<
%

&

&

'

./

./

=
!

;// "
'

0
<:

0
0

!+ + 3

#
%
"

'

"

;// "
# 1 <4 4
#
+
< &! $ # 0
2 ()))
4 ,/5+>
6
$
7E
4 ;>
"
F ,./+>
'
'
'+
'
9 .// 0 1
9 ,/. "
9 ,;5. !
9 (+(
,
(+>>
.
+
!
' "
+ $
> '
"
"
+
4
6A

<

,+.

>

7 9 (*+(A
!

,>;

B
((5

;//CD > )>CD > )>

;//

)>CD > )>

&@A
E,5A

&@A

,>;

'
0 !
4
"
$

'

;//

B
((5

((5

((5

Page 11 of 37

E,5A
3 +!
! <
&
$'

%
"

!
,-(/@ 0

,-(/@ 0 !42 >C(,C,;

(/@ 0 !4 2 (,C,;
*/ 0 !4
'
'
4

% ,-(/@ 0
!42 (,C,;

3 +!
<
"

(
+
;// "
+

!4 2 >C(,C,;
+

., 3 + .+.
+$

+
$

'
+

3!

Page 12 of 37

!"+

<
%

&

&

'

./

./

=
!

;// "
'

;// "

# 1 <4 4
#
! $# 0
#
2 ,//,
I)5+*
6
$
"
F
,(5+;

0
<:

7 E ()+@

'
'

!+ + 3

#
%
"

'

"

9 .// 0 1
9 ,/. "
9 ,;5. !
9 (+(
,

'

(+>>
!

+$

.
'
>'

"
0

4
6A

"

;//

"

9 >
7 9 (*+(A
<

,>;

B
((5

;//CD > )>CD > )>

;//

)>CD > )>

&@A
E,5A

&@A

,>;

'
0 !
4

B
((5

"
$

'+

((5

((5

E,5A

Page 13 of 37

3 +!
! <
,-((, 0
0 !4

!
4

% ,-((, 0
!4 2 ((C,.

!4 2 >C(>
+ $'

@>

;// "
+

! 3
,-((, 0

% ,-((, 0
!4 2 ((C,.

!4 2 >C(>
+ $'

@> 0

!4

;// "
3 +!
<
.+. "

., 3 +
+$

+
$

'
+

3!

<

I#
+<
+

!"-

I#
$

'& $
$

% '
!
=
!
'

./

6<

#
4

;// "
+

./

;// "
# 1 <4 4

0
<:
0

2 ,//>
*,,+.
% "
'

$
'

6<

Page 14 of 37

!+ + 3

'

"

8
6%
9 ,- (/// 0 1
9 EC& .// "
9 ,/// !
9 (>5/ "

'

!
+ $

' "
> '

;// "

+
%

'

,+.

>+
$
$

"

9 (@+.A
8

>)5

B
()5+.

;//CD > ,(/CD > ,(/

;//

,(/CD > ,(/

&.A
E,/A

&.A

>)5

'
0 !
4
"
$

B
()*+.

()*+. >)5

()5+.

E,/A
!

$
! $

F (>5/ "
@
&
"
(,/ 0 !4 2 (,C,;
>
&
"
)5 0 !4 >C>@
+ $'
5, 0 !4
@@ 0 !4
$
! 8

@
&

>

&
"

"

&

"

(,/ 0 !4 2 (,C,;
)5 0 !42 >C>@

+
&
8
!

+
$

"
8

(>* 0
2

!4
(,C,;
+

(,C>@

Page 15 of 37

<
H
<
$
$
5* 3 + * " <$$+ $
H
+

*; 3 + * "
+! 8

'
+
,./
+

<

+ $
,,.

<

'

"
?
,/// 0 1 <
' "L

J
3

ICT

Future
ICT

Chennai

Hosur
I

Hosur
II

Hoody
I

Hoody
II

(@/

+
&

K
4<

Cuddap ah
Bangalore

,//(+

Future
Line

BS 1A

BS 1B

Y
ACF1

ACF2

Y
Pole1

Y
Y

ACF3

Pole2

Page 16 of 37

Gen 6

Gen 5

Gen 4

Gen 3

Gen 2

BS 2B

Gen 1

ICT

BS 1B

BS 1A

BS 2A

BS 3A

Meramundali-II
BS 3B

Y
ACF3

Meramundali-I

Rengali-II

Rourkela-II
Rengali-I

ICT

Rourkela-I

Pole2

Pole1

ACF2

ACF1

Page 17 of 37

!".

'

<
%

&

&

'

./

./

=
!

;// "
'

;// "

# 1 <4 4
!% %
0
,//.
4 ,@,+.

<:

'
'

!+ + 3

#
%

'

"

9 .// 0 1
9 (55 "
9 ,*@; !
9 (+(
,

'+

'

(+>>

.
!

+ $
"
4
6A
<

'
$

,+.

+
' "
> '
"

;// "
+

>
7 9 (;A
!

B
(
4
'
0 !
4
"
$

,/( +,

(//+@

(//+@

B
,/(+, (//+@

;//CD > 5;+.CD > 5;+.

;//

&;A
E*A

&;A

(//+@

5;+.CD > 5;+.

E*A

Page 18 of 37

3 +!
! <
%
(-((/ 0
0 !4 2 (,C,; M >
*/ 0 !4
'
4 +
!
% (-((/ 0
0 !4 2 (,C,; M >
*/ 0 !4
'
4 +
3 +!
<
H

!4 2 (,C,;

, -((/
+ #
;// "

'

!4 2 (,C,;

, -((/
+ #
;// "

'

./ 3 + . "
+ $

+
$

'
+
, - >/
+

Page 19 of 37

<

'

+ $

'

&
'

2
+

% "
!

'

'

2
+

'

"
=

'

'
+

2'

"

+
'
"

" '

'

=
'

"

+
6
=
'

'

2'
6 7

"+ $
'

)"

'

$
!
! 6

64
7

7
+

Page 20 of 37

$
$

'

'
"
'

"+
"
'

"+
'
"& &
?

5// " +
'

"

+
%

'
+ $
'

:
+

'
$

'

'

+ +
+
$
+
=
'

'
+ %
+
=

'
+

'
:

9
'

(/ !+

'

?
+

'

9
'

?
+

Page 21 of 37

'

'
'

'+
=

9
+ +
=

'

'

./
9

&

?+
2
"

!
'

/0

12
2

'

'

% "

'

2
'

<

'
<
!

6
'

'

202

32

'

+7

'9

'

0
O

<:

&
'

2'
!

()/(+
<

();/+

2
=

(
()5/+

'

().;+
()5)+

Page 22 of 37

6EC& @// " 7

6

2 % ? 2 ()*;+
());+
7
!

&%

2 ())*

2 '

2()))

2
'

2
2

+<

2
=

2
'

6
2

+7
+3

2
' 9

'

'

(+

Figure: 1
Cost comparison of ac and dc transmission
!
%

"

!
.// K 5// "

"

Page 23 of 37

$
!

+#

72

2
C

&

&'

'

+
0

+
2

'

'

+
$
6
1

"
#

2
72

6
!

+7+

'

2
&

2
'

'

"&

'
"

'

!
+

'
6

'
+72

'

"
2

'
!

$
' '

2 '
!

Page 24 of 37

4
4"

3
56

52
02

$
'

'
+

:&
+ $'
'
'
(7+

:&

>/

(,&

'
# 1 <4 4

6(, P (7

:&

2
6@ P

(,&

+
$
2
+ %

'

' +
!"#

#$ %
:

'

'

"
+
Q

2
O

O'

Page 25 of 37

Page 26 of 37

&

"'

#$ %

<

(&,"1

2
'

./1 +

'
+

'

%#

#$ %

=
=

'
"

Q=

+ $
=

+
!"( % #
2
Q

=
<

=
O+

2'
<

Page 27 of 37

4"

02 2

3 :

32
2
+

$
=

+$
'

'

>/

'
'

'

'

+ !
"

+ $

'
2

'

&

+ $
=

=
+

Page 28 of 37

2'

2
+
2

'

+ $
"

2
+

Page 29 of 37

4"!

"
'

'

(+

'

'

+$

'
'

'

'

"

"+

,+ !

+$
'

'

"

+
+
!)

*
$

$
$

4")

512

'

'
'

"+ $

'

"

+
$

4"+

3
'
"

5 1 2

Page 30 of 37

6
!

'

!
!
'

'

2
"& &
,/A

"

"2
"
+

Page 31 of 37

4"-

2
'

'

:
=
+
"

"& &

=
" +

'
'

=
+
'

"
2'

+
2
+

4".

512

'

"

'

'

2
"

'
2
"

'

'

'
'

+3
:

2
'
+%

+ $
" & &% "

(+
,+ <
>+
;+

4"4

2 :

'

'
'
"

'
=

2
'

C
6'

'

'
>/" ?

6
7
.//" ?7+

Page 32 of 37

6
'

7
=

&

'
'
>/" ?7+ $

+ $
2
=
'

'

6
+

$
=

'

2
+

Page 33 of 37

02

8"

72

?
'
+ !

&

'

'

2
2

'

2
+

'

'

'

'
+ $
:

2'

2
'

+
$
+ $

'

!4
'
+ $

'

'2

'

'

'

'

+ $
:

R
!4

!4

+ 0
'

'

'

2'

'

8"

'

02

72 ,

$
=

'
+ %
'

'
?
:

123 2
'
2

+$

'

9
!
'

Page 34 of 37

'

'
'

'

'

!
'
&

+ +!

2: 2

'

"

6 23

0
'

'
2

'

'

"
+

'

' '

=
+

+ +

'

+ $

'

'

'

=
'
"

+ !
'

+ $

+
!
"

'

'

+ N

"& &
=
&

"
+ 1

'

'
=

"

'

'
K

"

' /
$

&

'

Page 35 of 37

+ $

:
7

=
+

+ $

2%
+

+ $

&
!
6

"

'

'

9
7

;// "
&
2

=
< @//5(+

'
9

'

'
=

&

+ $
'

"

$
$

/+5.A

'

+ $
+

Page 36 of 37