Lesson 4

Dialogue A
yesterday
did [you] go?
Where did you go yesterday,
Mr. Kim?

, ?

downtown
store
[I] went; [I] had gone
[I] went to a store downtown.

did [you] buy?

What did [you] buy?

necessary goods
daily necessities
[I] bought some daily necessities

today
again
will you go?
will you not go?
Are you going downtown again
today?

*1

well; maybe
bookstore
[I]ll stop by
a little; a little while
Maybe. Ill stop by a bookstore
(for a while)

; *2

. .

if so; then
together
with me
(together) with me
let us go
Then, lets go together

, .

lets do so
will you buy?
Lets (do so).
going to buy?

, . ?

What are you

I also; me too
Ill see [it]; Ill look at [it].
price
is [it] expensive?
I would like to see some books
too.

?
.

Are books expensive?

? *3

so; like that

[it] is not expensive
[it] is cheap
No, [they]re not so expensive.
[They] are fairly cheap.

*4

, . .

*1 is an adverb; occurs before a sentence/verbal/other modifier

*2 is a hesitating response to or comment on anothers words
*3 is a noun phrase which literally means book price.
*4 before verbs of a modifier class in a negative statement means
(not) so, (not) very or (not) that. In propositative,
imperative, and question sentences, it means like that, such a,
or in such a way.

Dialogue B
quickly; (please)
come!
(welcome!); come in
Please come in. May I help you?

. ?

here; at this place

towel
do [you] sell?
Do you carry towels here?

,
?

what sort of
color
do [you] want
Yes, we do. What color would you
like?

*1

, . ?

yellow color
[I] like; [I] prefer
([I] like yellow color.)
(Do you have yellow ones?)

. ?

several kinds; many kinds

how is [it]?
We have several kinds. How do
you like this one?

. ?

how much
[that]s good
Oh, thats nice.

, . , ?

How much is it?

50
fifty won W50
W50.

one
give [me]
Please give [me] one [of them].

Here you are.

, () .

*1 comes before a noun and refers to the characteristics of the

noun; ex: = what sort of book, a book of what type

Extra Vocab:
= morning
() = (in the) afternoon
() = (in the) evening
() = (at) night
= day before yesterday
= this morning
() = (at) last night
() = (at) the day before yesterday afternoon
= tomorrow
= day after tomorrow
() = (at) tomorrow night
= pencil
= red (modifier)
= white (modifier)
= blue (modifier)
= black (modifier)
= shoe
= suit
= handkerchief
= sock
= neck tie
= dress shirt
= notebook
= newspaper
= magazine
= cigarette/tobacco
= map
= dress/clothes
= room
= hat
= fountain pen
= shirt
Drills:
A:
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where
Where

did [you] go yesterday?

did [you] go today?
did [you] go in the morning?
did [you] go in the afternoon?
did [you] go in the evening?
did [you] go at night?
did [you] go the day before yesterday?
did [you] go this morning?
did [you] go last night?
did [you] go in the afternoon, the day before yesterday?
did [you] go this afternoon?
will [you] go this afternoon?
will [you] go tomorrow?

Where will [you] go the day after tomorrow?

Where will [you] go tomorrow night?
B:

[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]
[I]

bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought
bought

C:

Are the books expensive?

Are the books cheap?
How expensive are the books?
Is the price of books reasonable (not bad)?
How much is the book?
Is the (price of) book just so?
Are the books expensive?
Are the houses expensive?
Are the daily necessities expensive?
Are the shoes expensive?
Are the suits expensive?

D:

The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The

E:

What
What
What
What
What
What
What
What
What
What

color
color
color
color
color
color
color
color
color
color

some daily necessities.

a book.
a towel.
this.
a yellow towel.
a yellow pencil.
several kinds.
a yellow one.
a red one.
a white one.
a blue one.
a black one.
one.
a Korean (language) book.

of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of

this
this
this
this
this
this
this
this
this
this

towel
towel
towel
towel
towel
towel
towel
towel
towel
towel

is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is

yellow.
red.
white.
black.
blue.
yellowish.
reddish.
whitish.
dark.
bluish.

color would you like?

kind of towels would you like?
kind of pencils would you like?
kind of watches would you like?
kind of hats would you like?
kind of pens would you like?
kind of pens do you carry (sell)?
kind of pens will you buy?
kind of pens do you prefer?
kind of pens would you like to see?

F:

Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do

you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you

carry
carry
carry
carry
carry
carry
carry
carry
carry
carry
carry
carry

G:

How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How

do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do

H:

How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How

much
much
much
much
much
much
much
much
much

is that?
is that hat?
is that black suit?
are these white shoes?
is this yellow handkerchief?
are these blue socks?
is the dress shirt?
is the red towel?
are the black socks?

I:

How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How

much
much
much
much
much
much
much
much
much

do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do

J:

This hat is W 50.

you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you

towels here?
suits here?
handkerchiefs here?
socks here?
shoes here?
neckties here?
dress shirts here?
notebooks?
newspapers here?
magazines here?
cigarettes here?
maps here?

like
like
like
like
like
like
like
like
like
like
like
like
like
like
like

you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you
you

this?
this handkerchief?
these shoes?
this watch?
this dress shirt?
this notebook?
this newspaper?
this magazine?
this suit?
this socks?
this color?
this store?
this department store?
this dress/clothes?
this room?

sell
sell
sell
sell
sell
sell
sell
sell
sell

this book for?

that hat for?
that black suit for?
these white shoes for?
this yellow handkerchief for?
these blue socks for?
this dress shirt for?
this red towel for?
those black socks for?

That watch is W 2.
Those shoes are W 4.
This fountain pen is W 6.
This picture is W 8.
That dress is W 10.
This newspaper is W 11.
That magazine is W 13.
That shirt is W 15.
This handkerchief is W 17.
That chair is W 19.

1) Informal Polite Speech

A. marks the end of any sentence in informal polite speech, regardless of
sentence type
B. Infinitives are formed from verb stems and verb stems +
suffix(es)
C. Formation of infinitives: (/ add , >> , add to else)
a. Stems ending in / dont change (except >> /)
b. Stems ending in , , can be /, and so on
c. Stems ending in change >>
d. Stems ending in change >>
e. Stems ending in add >>
f. Stems ending in have three options:
>> , ,
g. Copula stem - changes to or
2) Past Tense
A. There are two past tenses: simple and remote
a. Simple denotes any action or description which
has been finished before the speech takes place
b. Remote designates an action which was done or
happened a relatively long time ago, or a description of a
condition which ended a relatively long time ago; also used
to indicate the more remote of two or more past actions or
descriptions occurring in the same context
B. Past tenses are formed by infixing -//- for the simple past and -(//)
- for the remote past
ex: = did
3) Particle
A. follows a noun or another particle to mean also or too in an affirmative
sentence; (not) either in a negative sentence
B. When follows the object, topic, or emphasis subject, the particles /, /
, / respectively are dropped
4) Particle / with, and
A. / (v/c)
B. Two constructions:
a. Personal noun + / = with the P.N.
b. Noun + / + Noun 2 = N1 and N2
5) - +
A. - is a verb ending which is added to a verb stem or to a verb stem plus other
suffix(es); the form is an inflected word which occurs before a small class of words
B. The verb (not) occurs only after the form and is used to mean the verb in
the form is negative; the distinction of tenses, levels of speech may be made in the
verb
ex: = [I] dont go

6) Numerals
A. There are two sets of numbers and each counter uses a
particular set
B. Sino-Korean numbers are used with W () and all monetary units
C. (age counter) occurs only with Pure Korean numbers
D. Some counters can used both
E. When the Pure Korean numbers are used as modifiers, the
final sounds of the first four are dropped; others do not change
F. Sino-Korean numbers:
a. = one
b. = two
c. = three
d. = four
e. = five
f. = six
g. = seven
h. = eight
i. = nine
j. = ten
k. () = hundred
l. () = thousand
m. () = ten thousand
n. = hundred thousand
o. = million
G. Build by places: = 4,592