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By Rith Makara
Stress Invariant, and Resilient Modulus in Kenlayer
Stress Invariant, :
Stress Invariant is every stress that are independent of the coordinate system.
The principle stresses can be combined to form the stress invariants, I1, I2 and I3
Resilient Modulus:
In Boussiness solutions, the material that constitutes the half-space is linear elastic which
means the elastic constant (Ex. Modulus of Elasticity) is not vary with state of stresses.
However, it is not true for soils because their axial deformation depends strongly on the
magnitude of confining pressures. Therefore, the soil should be considered as nonlinear
material and the Resilient Modulus should be used.
To show the effect of nonlinearity of granular materials on vertical stresses and deflection,
in 1968, Huang divided the half-space into seven layers and applied Burmisters layered
theory to determine the stresses at the mid-height of each layer by Iterative Method and
lowest layer is a rigid base with a very large elastic modulus.
By Rith Makara
Fine-Grained Soil:
After the stress function is found, the stresses and displacements can be determined.
Summary: Chapter 5 (How can we consider the curling stress in rigid pavement in Kenslabs?)
Generally, the solution of Kenslabs can be determine from the equation below:
Where: [K] The overall stiffness matrix (Combination of slab, Joint and foundation
stiffness)
{} Nodal displacements vector
{f} Externally applied nodal forces vector
In analyzing the temperature curling, the general formulation of curling is similar to that for
loading. And to solve the nodal displacements, the equation below can be used:
Where:
w Vertical deflection (downward positive)
- Rotation (about x and y axis)
Fw Applied vertical force
c Initial curling (upward positive) due to weightless and unrestrained slab. And where c
By Rith Makara
Where:
t Temperature differential
t Coefficient of thermal expansion
By Rith Makara