Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
AND
NOTES
MONOGRAPHS
No. 166
THE
SILVER
COINAGE
OF
CAPPADOCIA,
VESPASIAN-COMMODUS
BY
THE
AMERICAN
EL METCALF
WILLIAM
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY,
NEW
1996
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YORK
NUMISMATIC
NOTES
AND MONOGRAPHS
No. 166
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COPYRIGHT
1996
THEAMERICAN
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY
NEWYORK
ISSN 0078-2718
ISBN 0-89722-254-7
WETTEREN
PRINTED
IN BELGIUM
ATCULTURA,
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D. M.
F. M. S.
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THE
SILVER
COINAGE
OF
CAPPADOCIA,
VESPASIAN-COMMODUS
BY WILLIAM
THE
AMERICAN
E. METCALF
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY,
NEW
1996
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YORK
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
ix
PREFACE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AND ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
ADDITIONAL
xi
5
NOTE 1995
7
7
Vespasian
Domitian
Nerva
13
Trajan
Hadrian
14
28
AntoninusPius
30
Marcus Aurelius
30
Lucius Verus
36
Commodus
40
Denarius of Domitian
46
47
COMENTAR Y ON REIGNS
Vespasian
Titus
47
Domitian
50
Nerva
53
Trajan
Hadrian
55
62
AntoninusPius
65
65
50
vii
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viii
Contents
72
Commodus
74
VOLUME
77
METROLOGY
81
83
91
Vespasian
Titus
92
Domitian
97
Nerva
99
97
102
Trajan
Hadrian
117
AntoninusPius
125
130
134
Commodus
138
APPENDICES
147
147
148
.
149
151
153
161
161
163
165
166
171
PLATES
175
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PREFACE
This study began as a treatmentof a large hoard of silvercoins of
Cappadocia extendingfromthe reign of Vespasian to that of Cornmodus. As study of the hoard proceeded it became evident that its
implicationsforthe mintof Caesarea were considerable,and a secondaryobjectivebecame feasible:the presentationof a conspectusof the
silver coins of Caesarea in Cappadocia fromthe reign of Vespasian
throughthat of Commodus.
The studyis limitedin two ways. The coppercoinage is omittedfor,
the typesapart, thereis littledirectconnectionbetweenthe silverand
the baser coins of Caesarea. The silvercoinage is continuousand stable, while the copper is sporadic and of unpredictablestandard. The
copper issues are often asynchronousand frequently,nominallyat
least, struckon local authority;while,it will be argued,duringmany
periodsthe silvercoinageis directlyconnectedwith,ifnot producedat,
the imperial mint at Rome.
The chronologicallimitationsare dictated mainly by the hoard
itself. Its evidenceconvenientlyabuts that assembled(and graciously
made available) by Dr. AndrewBurnettof the BritishMuseum,now
incorporatedin Roman Provincial Coinage 1. On the one hand the
coinage of the subsequent period is so fullyrepresentedin the hoard
that the need fora moreextensivesurveyof materialpreservedworldwide has been obviated; on the other,to extendthe studybeyondthe
terminusof the hoardwould have involvedmanyyears' delay in treating the most difficultperiod of Caesarea's silver coinage.
The work is divided into two parts. The firstis a straightforward
and ratherspare catalogue of coins fromthe portionof the hoard examinedat the ANS. As appropriate,die linkageto a second part of the
hoard,recordedby Dr. WolframWeiserof Cologne,is noted. Commentaries on the coinage of the several reignsas well as sectionsdealing
with general problemsreferboth to the hoard catalogue and to the
conspectus,whichconsistsofa summaryofthe knownsilvercoinageof
the mint. It restsprimarily(thoughby no means exclusively,particularlyforthe smallerdenominations)on the evidenceof the hoard,but
some differences
of presentation,necessitatedby an attemptto illustrate internaldie linkage in the hoard catalogue, will be noted.
ix
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Preface
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
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xii
Gwatkin.
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xiii
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xiv
Weiser.
Weiss.
Zedelius.
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INTRODUCTION
In May 1983 a lot of over 900 silver coins was presentedat the
AmericanNumismaticSocietyforexamination. It consisted,withthe
exceptionof a singleDomitianicdenarius,of didrachmsconventionally
attributedto Caesarea in Cappadocia. The relativewear of the coins
was consistentwith the residueof a hoard and, indeed, it was so describedby the vendor; he was unable or unwillingto provide reliable
informationregardingits findspotor point of export.
Coins of Caesarea as well as reports(unsubstantiatedfromour point
of view) of a large hoard had been filtering
throughthe trade forsome
time. Afterwe saw these coins, Dr. WolframWeiser publisheda portion of what he called the Cappadocian findin EpigraphicaAnatolica.*
Therecan be littledoubt that the presentlot is part of the same aggregation as that published by Weiser and estimated by him at 2,500
coins,and as the one publishedin Coin Hoards 7 (1985), 156, reported
to have been foundnear Kayseri in 1980. The hoard is said thereto
have amountedto ca. 2,000 silvercoins of whichover 100 weredenarii;
therewerealso two Lycian drachms. It appears that soon afterdiscovery the lot was broken up and that the portion we examined was
intendedto include only didrachms,the Domitianic denarius having
been included by accident. As the comparisonon p. 2 makes clear,
except forthe reignof Commodus,thereis littleoverlap betweenthe
lot published here and that published by Weiser.2
In the followingcatalogue,the coins are arrangedchronologically
by
ruler,then by type; economyof presentationhas combinedwith the
1 The nameis usefulinsofar
as it distinguishes
hisand thislotfrom
Baldwin's
1927Caesareafind.
2 Other
coinsprobably
orcertainly
from
thefindarelistedbyWeiser,
p. 110,n.3,
andp. 114,n. 17. ThelistofCaesarean
coinsfollowing
Table1 haveappeared
inthe
tradesinceWeiser
wrote(including
somepublished
byhim),butit is bynomeans
Therecouldbe nomoregraphic
demonstration
ofthevelocity
with
comprehensive.
whichfragile
hoardevidence
can be lost,norclearer
forthekindof
justification
record
hereand in Weiser.
attempted
1
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
Athena (Munich)
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ADDITIONAL
NOTE
1995
Since this manuscriptwas sent to presstherehave been two significant additionsto the bibliographyof the period under discussion. In
the first,Kevin Butcher takes up the question of overvaluationof
provincialsilver raised by D. R. Walker. He employsWalker's own
analyses of denariiand Cappadocian silver,and concludesthat if the
Caesarean drachm is viewed as the equivalent of a Rhodian drachm
(i.e. 3/4 of a denarius),there is no overvaluationat all.1
The secondis moreimportant,
and has a directbearingon the distinctionmade here,p. 48, betweenthe Roman and local-styleissuesofVespasian.2 Butcher,now in collaborationwithM. Ponting,analyzesFlavian
didrachmsof Roman and provincialstyle. The authorsconcludethat
whilethe silvercontentof the two groupsis virtuallyidentical,witha
50:50 silvencopperratiobeingthegoal, the Roman grouphas significantdemonstrate
lyhigherlead content.Moreover,"thetraceelementprofiles
that the copper and silverused to make this alloy differsignificantly
betweenthetwonumismatically
definedissuesby virtueoftheirimpurity
levels" and the trace elementratiosare "basicallythe same fordenarii
issued at Rome and Caesarean coins of the Rome style."
This second contribution is based on analyses which differ
fromWalker's(whichshowedsomewhathighersilverconsignificantly
tent forboth Roman and provincialissues) and whichshow a significantly lower standard deviation. They suggestthat Walker's results
were affectedby the effectiveness
of the blanchingprocessin ancient
timesand subsequentlyby the effectsofcorrosion. In thisrespectthey
confirmskepticismexpressedelsewhereregardingthe utilityof Walker's results..
1 K. Butcher,
"RhodianDrachms
at Caesareain Cappadocia,"
NC 152(1992),
pp.41-48.
2 K. Butcher
andM. Ponting,
"RomeandtheEast:Production
ofRomanProvincialCoinageforCaesareain Cappadocia
underVespasian,
A.D. 69-79,"Oxford
Journal
, 14.1(March1995),pp.63-77.
ofArchaeology
5
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CATALOGUE
OF THE
HOARD
Remarks
Obv. of 2, 3.
Obv. of 1, 3.
Obv. of 1, 2. Rev. of 4.
Obv. of 5, 27 (Nike). Rev. of 3.
Obv. of 4, 27 (Nike).
Obv. of 7.
Obv. of 6. Rev. of 8.
Obv. of 9, 10? Rev. of 7.
Obv. of 8, 10?
Obv. of 8? 9?
Dies of 12.
Dies of 11.
Obv. of 14.
Obv. of 13.
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Hoard Catalogue
8
24.
*25.
26.
16/A20
/7/A21
18/A22
6.10
5.97
5.91
12
12
12
2/B1
17/B2
J7/B3
18/B4
19/B5
20/B6
21/B7
22/B8
23/B9
24/B10
25/B11
26/B12
27/B13
28/B14
6.38
6.96
6.43
6.83
6.63
6.58
6.57
6.51
6.44
6.36
6.35
6.33
6.32
6.12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Obv. of 4, 5 (Titus).
Obv. of 25 (Titus), 29.
Obv. of 25 (Titus), 28.
V ?/B?
29 /B15
6.68
6.52
12
6
9, A.D. 77/8
6.47
30/C1
6.39
31/C2
6.24
32/C3
5.95
33/C4
12
12
12
6
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Domitian
6
6
6
6
6
6
Rev.
Rev.
Obv.
Rev.
Rev.
of 54, 55.
of 53, 55.
of 91 (Athena). Rev. of 53, 54.
of 57.
of 56.
Obv. of 72 (Athena).
Rev. R. Apollo (?) bust laureate draped 1., scepter in r., cup or
patera in 1.
*63. 10IBI
6.44
6
Obv. of 66-68 (Athena), 131 (Nike).
Rev. C. Athena standingr., owl in r., spear in 1.
*64. /Cl
6.34
6
Obv. of 65, 98 (club), 129, 130 (Nike).
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10
Hoard Catalogue
*65.
*66.
11/C2
20/C3
6.34
6.66
6
6
67.
101C4
6.77
*68.
101C5
6.46
*69.
*70.
71.
*72.
73.
74.
*75.
121C5
131C6
14/C7
15/C7
16/C8
17/C9
18/C9
6.51
6.64
6.05
6.52
6.44
6.72
6.47
6
7
76.
18IC10
6.70
*77.
18C10
6.63
78.
*79.
*80.
81.
*82.
83.
19/C10
2/C11
20/C12
21/C12
22/C13
22/CU
6.81
6.63
6.54
6.49
6.09
6.53
6
6
6
6
6
*84.
22/CU
6.39
*85.
23/C14
6.83
*86.
23/C14
6.20
*87.
23/C6
6.57
*88.
23/C6
6.51
6
6
6
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Domitian
*89.
*90.
*91.
*92.
*93.
*94.
*95.
*96.
97.
24/C15
24/C15
3C16
25/C16
26/C17
26/C17
26/C17
27/C18
unc./unc.
6.46
6.46
6.44
6.96
6.36
6.34
6.32
6.69
6.35
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
6
6
11
Dies of 90.
Dies of 89.
Obv. of55 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of92.
Rev. of 91.
Dies of 94, 95.
Dies of 93, 95.
Dies of 93, 94.
No photographicrecord.
7//D1
6.86
*99.
*100.
*101.
*102.
*103.
28/D1
29/D1
20/D2
30/D2
221D3
6.59
6.34
6.54
6.64
6.56
7
6
6
6
6
*104. 22/D3
6.41
*105. 31/D3
*106. 32/D3
*107. 33/D3
6.72
6.89
6.35
6
6
6
108.
109.
*110.
*111.
*112.
*113.
*114.
*115.
116.
*117.
*118.
*119.
6.77
6.74
6.46
6.92
6.83
6.53
6.33
6.35
6.35
6.57
6.87
6.25
34/D4
34/D4
34/D4
35/D5
35/D5
35/D5
36/D6
37/D7
38/D7
39/D8
39/D9
17/D10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
of 116.
of 115.
of 118.
of 117.
of 74 (Athena).
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Hoard Catalogue
12
*120. 40/D11
*121. 41/D12
5.62
6.80
6
6
Double struck.
6.59
*130. 111Fl
6.10
*131. 10/F2
6.41
132.
*133.
*134.
*135.
*136.
*137.
*138.
139.
*140.
141.
*142.
143.
45/F5
45/F5
46/F6
46/F6
46/F6
47/F7
48/F7
49/F8
6.32
6.26
6.30
6.14
6.65
6.64
6.75
6.54
6.39
6.46
6.73
6.84
6
6
7
7
5
6
6
6
6
*144. 49/F8
6.70
*145. 49/F8
6.54
131F2
12/F3
141F4
16/F4
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Nerva
146. 50/F8
6.76
*147. 50/F9
*148. 18/F8
6.46
6.51
6
6
149. 44/FS
6.33
150. 51/F10
6.35
13
6.74
6.01
6
12
Obv. of 152.
Obv. of 151.
Rev. YTATOYTPITOY
COS III, A.D. 97
Rev. Club, handle at top.
153. 2/C1
6.56
12
154. 3/C2
5.32
12
Rev. YnATOY TETAPTOY
COS llll, A.D. 98
Rev. Club, handle at top.
*155. 4/C3
6.35
12
Rev. Mt. Argaeus. On summit,nude figure,globe in 1.,scepterin
r.
*156. 5/A1
6.88
12
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14
Hoard Catalogue
Obv. AYTOKRAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YTTATA
Rev. EAEY AHMOY
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Trajan
15
6.93
6.56
*170. 6/C2
6.52
12
7/A6
8/A7
8/A7
9/A7
10/A7
10/A8
11/A9
12/A10
131AIO
6.47
6.90
6.55
6.79
6.65
6.65
6.84
6.68
6.21
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6.70
6.68
6
6
Obv. of 181.
Obv. of 180.
6.51
*183. 15/E1
*184. 15/E2
*185. 16/E3
6.60
6.42
6.44
6
6
6
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16
Hoard Catalogue
*186. 17/E4
*187. 17/E5
*188. 18/E6
6.56
6.46
6.35
7
7
6
Obv. of 187.
Obv. of 186.
7/T1
19/T2
20/T3
21/T4
6.67
6.93
6.79
6.60
6
6
6
6
20/C3
22/C4
23/C5
23/C6
24/C6
25/C7
6.50
6.80
6.69
6.69
6.64
6.18
6
7
6
6
7
7
6.61
6.51
5
6
7.11
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17
Trajan
207.
208.
209.
*210.
211.
5/A6
5/A6
6/A7
7/A8
7/A8
6.67
6.40
6.91
6.70
6.67
6
6
6
7
6
Dies of 208.
Dies of 207.
Dies of 211.
Dies of 210.
81Al
8/A9
9AIO
10/All
6.95
6.70
6.75
6.65
7
7
7
7
Obv.
Obv.
Rev.
Rev.
111Al
12/All
13/A12
14/A13
15/A14
16/A15
171A 16
181A 17
191A 18
6.73
6.73
7.01
6.93
6.73
6.57
6.62
6.46
6.41
7
7
6
6
7
7
6
7
7
Rev. of 230.
Rev. of 232-34.
Rev. of 235, 236.
201A 10
20/A 10
21/A19
21/A19
21/A20
6.69
6.39
6.66
6.54
6.24
6
6
6
6
6
6.68
6.94
7
7
*232. 23/A 17
233. 24/A 17
7.33
6.74
6
6
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18
Hoard Catalogue
234.
235.
236.
*237.
238.
239.
*240.
*241.
242.
243.
*244.
241A 17
251A 18
261A 18
26/A22
26/A22
26/A22
27/A23
28/A24
29/A25
30/A26
31/A27
6.53
6.46
6.44
7.18
6.97
6.84
6.84
6.80
6.80
6.72
6.50
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
32BI
32B1
33/B2
34/B3
6.63
6.59
6.65
6.71
6
6
7
6
35B1
36/B4
36/B5
36IB6
37/B7
38/B8
39/B9
6.76
6.85
6.63
6.54
6.90
6.63
6.61
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
Rev.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
of 245, 246.
of 251, 252.
of 250, 252.
of 250, 251. Rev. of 256-58.
6.76
6.71
7
7
258. 40IB6
6.71
259. 40IB7
260. 41/B10
*261. 41/B10
6.75
6.89
6.82
7
7
7
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19
Trajan
262.
*263.
*264.
*265.
266.
*267.
268.
269.
270.
*271.
*272.
273.
274.
275.
*276.
*277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
*282.
283.
*284.
285.
*286.
287.
42BU
43BU
43/Bil
44/B12
44/B12
44/B13
45/B13
45/B13
46/B14
47/B14
47/B15
48/B16
48/B16
49/B17
50/B18
51/B18
52/B19
53/B19
54/B20
54/B20
54/B20
55/B21
56/B22
57/B23
58/B24
59/B25
6.73
6.67
6.49
6.58
6.46
6.69
6.81
6.63
6.47
6.46
6.44
7.04
6.31
6.57
6.82
6.73
6.34
6.28
7.00
6.59
6.54
7.07
6.89
6.76
6.29
6.25
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
60B7
60/B26
61/B27
61/B28
7.22
6.81
6.65
6.51
7
7
7
7
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
6.70
6.65
6.93
6
6
6
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20
Hoard Catalogue
Rev. C. Female bust (Artemis?)1.in chiton,spear in r., patera in 1.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
295. 64CI
6.99
296. 64ICI
6.83
297. 64C1
6.54
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
6.96
6.70
6.63
6.57
6.54
6.85
6.81
6.80
6.80
6.75
6.60
6
7
6
7
6
6
7
6
6
7
6
64C2
65/C3
65/C4
66/C5
66/C5
67/C6
68/C7
69/C8
70/C9
71/C10
72/C11
73/C12
73/C12
73/C13
74/C14
75/C15
6.64
6.51
6.62
6.49
6.43
6
6
6
6
6
76IC16
76/C17
76/C17
76/C18
76/C18
76/C18
77/C19
6.81
7.05
6.80
6.88
6.64
6.50
6.54
7
6
7
6
6
6
6
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Trajan
321.
322.
*323.
324.
325.
326.
*327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
78/C19
78/CI
79/C20
79/C20
79/C21
80/C2
80/C22
81/C23
82/C24
83/C25
84/C26
85/C27
86/C28
6.50
6.84
6.97
6.66
6.67
6.76
6.59
6.93
6.89
6.81
6.75
6.73
6.59
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
6
7
7
6
21
Globe beneath?
6.63
88C16
88/C29
88/C30
88/C31
89/C31
90/C32
90/C32
90/C33
91/C33
91/C33
92/C34
92/C34
93/C35
94/C36
95/C36
96/C37
97/C38
6.72
6.92
6.75
6.75
6.60
6.56
6.45
6.64
6.81
6.66
6.49
6.39
6.75
6.79
6.75
6.62
6.87
6
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
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22
Hoard Catalogue
Rev. D. Tyche standing1.,rudderon globe on groundin r., cornucopia in 1.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
*352.
353.
*354.
*355.
*356.
357.
358.
*359.
360.
*361.
362.
98D1
98/D2
98/D3
99D4
99D4
100/D5
101/D6
102/D7
103/D8
104/D9
105/D10
6.61
6.93
6.69
6.85
6.52
6.69
6.60
6.59
6.55
6.48
6.46
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
6
6.74
*364. 106/D
6.46
365.
366.
*367.
368.
*369.
*370.
*371.
372.
6.72
6.84
6.56
6.97
6.71
6.87
6.73
6.71
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
106/D11
107/D12
107/D13
108/D14
108/D14
109/D15
109/D15
110/D16
6.68
6.60
375. 111/D17
*376. 112/D18
6.80
6.70
7
6
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Trajan
*377. 112/D18
378. 113/D/0
6.67
7.08
6
6
379. 113/D/9
6.76
380.
381.
382.
383.
*384.
*385.
*386.
*387.
388.
389.
390.
6.60
6.46
6.88
6.71
6.53
6.72
6.71
6.70
6.69
6.67
6.57
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
113/D20
113/D20
113/D21
114/D22
115/D23
116/D24
117/D25
118/D26
119/D27
120/D28
121/D29
23
Dies of 376.
Dies of 379. Obv. of 380-82. Rev. of
392, 393.
Dies of 378. Obv. of 380-82. Rev. of
392, 393.
Dies of 381. Obv. of 378, 379, 382.
Dies of 380. Obv. of 378, 379, 382.
Obv. of 378-81.
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
6.96
123D19
124D19
124/D31
124/D31
125/D32
125/D33
125/D34
125/D34
126/D35
126/D35
127/D36
127/D36
127/D36
127/D36
127/D37
128/D38
6.45
6.79
6.75
6.30
7.03
6.85
6.75
6.54
6.79
6.63
7.09
6.90
6.75
6.42
7.01
6.73
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
6
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24
Hoard Catalogue
408.
409.
410.
*411.
412.
*413.
*414.
*415.
128/D38
128/D38
129/D39
130/D39
131/D39
132/D40
132/D40
133/D41
6.73
6.61
6.47
6.71
6.69
6.85
6.73
6.78
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6.29
6.80
6.32
6
6
7
137/E4
137/E4
137/E5
137/E6
137/E6
137/E6
138/E7
139/E8
139/E8
140IE9
141E9
6.63
6.33
6.56
7.06
6.87
6.48
6.95
6.76
6.64
6.85
6.54
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
6
142El
143/E10
143/E10
144/E10
144/E11
6.54
6.94
6.55
6.65
6.98
7
7
6
6
7
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Trajan
*435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.
441.
442.
*443.
144/Ell
144/Ell
145/E12
145/E12
146/E12
147/E13
147/E13
147/E13
148/E3
6.57
6.06
6.72
6.71
6.65
7.08
6.87
6.46
6.93
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
25
6.81
6.54
6.68
8
7
7
Obv.Legend as 202-443.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind, globe beneath.
*447.
448.
449.
*450.
451.
452.
453.
*454.
455.
*456.
150/J5/
151/E15
151/E15
152/E15
153/E16
154/E16
155/E17
155/E18
156/E19
157/E20
6.82
6.77
6.55
6.47
6.79
6.76
6.74
6.67
6.83
6.68
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
The numberingofobversesbeginsanew withthe prefixA. The numberingof reversedies continuesfromthe firstphase. Since the clasped
hands typeofgroupD below is new,reversedies are prefixedH rather
than D.
Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIAN6APICTO) CEB TEPM AAK
Rev. AHMAPX EE YTTATO
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26
Hoard Catalogue
6.32
6.23
6.25
7
7
7
Obv. of 458.
Obv. of 457.
Rev. of 460.
6.57
6.60
6.29
7
7
7
6.24
464. A5/A21
5.92
yet optimus).
Dies of 463. Rev. of 231 (Trajan not
yet optimus).
6.37
6.77
7.10
6.81
6.77
6
6
6
A9/B33
A9/B33
A10/B34
A11/B34
A12/B34
A13/B35
6.86
6.72
6.88
6.63
6.00
7.03
7
7
7
6
6
6
Dies of 471.
Dies of 470.
Rev. of 473, 474.
Rev. of 472, 474.
Rev. of 472, 473.
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Trajan
27
6
6
Obv. of 477.
Obv. of 476. Rev. of 481.
6.53
6
6
6
5
6
A19/C44
A20/C45
A21/C46
A22/C47
7.02
6.99
6.90
6.72
6
6
6
6
A23/H1
A23/H1
A24H2
A24IH3
6.65
6.64
6.89
6.54
6
6
7
7
Dies of 489.
Dies of 488.
Obv. of 491. Rev. of 492.
Obv. of 490. Rev. of 493.
A25IH2
A26IH3
A26/H4
A27/H5
6.87
6.44
7.11
6.88
7
7
6
6
Rev. of 490.
Obv. of 494. Rev. of 491.
Obv. of 493.
Dies of 496.
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Hoard Catalogue
28
496. A27/H5
497. A28/H6
6.53
6.55
6
7
Dies of 495.
6.69
7
7
7
6.57
6.47
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Hadrian
29
6.79
6.73
7
6
Rev. of 514.
6.63
6.71
6.56
6
6
10/C1
11/C2
12/C3
13/C4
14/C5
14/C6
15/C7
6.78
6.72
6.70
6.67
6.62
6.46
6.41
6
6
7
6
7
7
7
6.60
6.70
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30
Hoard Catalogue
ANTONINUS PIUS, A.D. 138-161
Obv. AYTOKP ANTONEINOC CEBACTOC
Rev. YTTATOCB
*528. 1/1
6.89
6.39
6.00
7.08
2/2
2/3
2/4
3/5
12
6
7
6
/A1
2/A2
31A3
41A4
5A5
7.20
6.86
6.55
6.92
6.47
7
6
7
7
6
Obv. of 612.
Obv. of 613.
Obv. of 614.
Obv. of 615.
Dies of 538. Rev. of 555.
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Marcus Aurelius
538.
*539.
540.
*541.
*542.
*543.
*544.
545.
*546.
*547.
*548.
*549.
*550.
*551.
*552.
*553.
5IA5
6A6
7A6
8A7
9A8
9/A 9
10/A10
10/A11
11/A12
12/A13
13/A14
14/A15
15/A16
16/A17
17/A18
18/A19
5.94
6.60
6.38
6.71
7.07
6.44
6.85
6.40
7.93
7.24
6.95
6.79
6.74
6.73
6.71
6.65
6
12
12
12
12
12
12
1
12
12
11
12
12
12
6
5
Dies of 537.
Rev. of 540, 558, 559.
Rev. of 539, 558, 559.
Rev. of 604.
Obv. of 543.
Obv. of 542. Rev. of 594.
Obv. of 545.
Obv. of 544.
12
12
12
12
6
5
12
7
12
11
6
6
6
6
5
12
12
6
5
Obv. of 629.
Rev. of 537, 538.
Dies of 557. Rev. of 589.
Dies of 556. Rev. of 589.
Rev. of 539, 540, 559.
Rev. of 539, 540, 558.
Obv. of 561.
Obv. of 560.
Obv. of 563.
Obv. of 562.
191A20
20IA5
20'A21
201A21
21IA6
22A6
23/A22
23/A23
24/A24
24/A25
25/A26
26/A27
27/A28
28/A29
29/A30
30/A31
31/A32
32/A33
33IA34
6.72
6.64
6.15
6.10
6.83
7.11
6.92
6.78
6.61
6.32
6.96
6.96
6.89
6.63
6.67
6.57
6.57
6.48
6.33
Rev. of 580.
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31
32
Hoard Catalogue
Obv. Bust r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
*573.
*574.
*575.
*576.
577.
*578.
*579.
341A 35
35/A36
36/A37
37/A38
38/A39
39/A40
40/A41
6.61
6.85
6.76
6.75
6.61
6.59
6.47
12
6
6
6
5
12
5
41/A 34
42IA35
42/A42
43/A43
6.45
6.64
6.76
6.75
12
6
12
6
6.77
6.62
6.39
12
12
6
461A 47
47A47
48A21
49A45
501A48
501A48
51/A49
511A9
52/A50
52/A51
53/A52
54/A53
55/A54
56/A55
57/A56
6.99
6.60
6.79
6.79
6.65
6.24
7.12
6.75
6.66
6.62
7.24
6.89
6.82
6.79
6.68
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
12
12
6
12
6
12
5
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Marcus Aurelius
602. 58/A57
603. 59/A58
6.51
6.46
33
12
12
601A7
61IA47
61IA47
61/A59
62/A60
63/A61
64/A62
7.11
6.70
6.46
6.81
6.83
6.56
6.56
12
12
6
12
6
6
6
Rev. of 541.
Dies of 606. Rev. of 587, 588.
Dies of 605. Rev. of 587, 588.
Obv. of 605, 606.
6.40
12
6.60
6.37
6.39
6.82
6.92
6
12
6
6
12
*617. 66B5
6.61
12
618.
619.
*620.
621.
*622.
623.
*624.
*625.
*626.
*627.
*628.
6.61
6.81
6.90
6.78
7.08
6.73
6.64
6.64
6.59
6.54
6.24
12
6
6
6
6
6
12
6
12
6
11
1IB1
2/B2
31B3
4/B4
66/B5
66/B6
67IB7
68/B8
68/B8
69/B9
70/B10
71/B11
72/B12
73/B13
74/B14
75/B15
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34
Hoard Catalogue
Obv. Head laureate r.
*629.
630.
*631.
*632.
*633.
634.
*635.
*636.
*637.
*638.
*639.
*640.
*641.
642.
*643.
*644.
*645.
*646.
*647.
648.
*649.
/0/B16
76IB5
76/B17
77/B18
78B7
79B19
80B20
81/B21
81/B21
82/B21
82/B22
83/B23
84/B24
85/B25
86/B26
87/B27
88/B28
89/B29
90/B30
91/B31
92/B32
6.82
6.58
6.29
6.36
6.47
6.34
6.53
6.96
6.33
6.66
6.23
7.16
6.79
6.75
6.70
6.65
6.54
6.54
6.51
6.48
6.40
12
12
12
12
6
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
12
12
5
12
6
Obv. of 554.
Obv. of 631. Rev. of 616, 617.
Obv. of 630. Rev. double struck.
Rev. of 619, 692.
Rev. of 687, 688.
Rev. of 652.
Dies of 637. Rev. of 638.
Dies of 636. Rev. of 638.
Obv. of 639. Rev. of 636, 637.
Obv. of 638.
34/B33
93B34
94IB20
94/B35
95/B36
96/B37
6.47
6.87
6.73
6.65
7.00
6.85
6
12
12
12
6
6
Obv.
Rev.
Obv.
Obv.
of 573.
of 661.
of 653. Rev. of 635.
of 652. Rev. of 675.
411B38
411B39
97/B40
97/B40
6.86
6.05
6.71
6.65
12
6
6
6
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Marcus Aurelius
*660. 98/B41
*661. 99B34
6.56
6.51
6
12
35
Rev. of 651.
46/B50
501B51
106/B52
107/B52
107/B53
07/B35
mB42
108IB42
109/B54
109/B54
110/B55
111/B56
112/B57
113/B58
114/B59
115/B60
6.56
6.82
6.69
6.83
6.26
6.06
6.99
6.77
6.81
6.47
6.75
6.71
6.64
6.61
6.41
6.35
12
12
6
6
6
12
6
6
12
6
6
12
1
6
6
6
Obv. of 587.
Obv. of 591, 592.
Rev. of 673.
Obv. of 674, 675.
Obv. of 673, 675.
Obv. of 673, 674.
Dies of 677. Rev.
Dies of 676. Rev.
Dies of 679.
Dies of 678.
Rev. of 672.
Rev. of 653.
of 662.
of 662.
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36
Hoard Catalogue
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind
*692. 1211B7
*693. 122/B64
6.49
6.72
1
5
//Al
Il Al
2/A2
31A3
41A4
51A 5
6/A6
6/A7
7/A7
8/A7
8/A8
9/A9
9/A9
10/A10
10/A10
11/A11
12/A12
13/A13
14/A14
15/A15
16/A16
17/A17
6.77
6.43
6.60
6.46
6.85
6.84
6.52
6.76
6.35
6.62
6.73
6.79
6.52
7.12
6.88
8.03
7.07
6.81
6.64
6.60
6.59
6.58
12
12
6
5
12
6
6
11
11
6
6
12
12
12
12
6
6
6
6
12
6
12
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Lucius Vrus
*716. 18/A18
*717. 19/A19
*718. 20/A20
6.50
6.50
6.27
12
5
12
2//A21
221A5
22/A22
23/A 23
24/A24
25/A25
6.93
6.56
6.65
6.42
6.71
6.71
6
12
6
12
6
6
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Rev.
of 764.
of 721. Rev. of 699.
of 720.
of 736.
6.74
12
27/A27
281A28
291A2
30/A 3
31A4
32/A29
33/A29
34/A30
35/A31
36/A32
6.83
6.81
6.67
6.59
6.68
7.08
6.47
6.96
6.76
6.48
12
12
1
12
6
6
12
7
6
12
Obv.
Obv.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
of 774.
of 775.
of 696.
of 697.
of 698.
of 732.
of 731.
37/A23
38/A33
39/A33
40/A34
41/A35
42/A36
6.93
6.77
6.67
6.94
6.41
6.23
12
12
12
12
12
6
Rev. of 722.
Rev. of 738.
Rev. of 737.
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37
Hoard Catalogue
38
7/B1
2/B2
3/B3
43B4
44B5
45IB6
46/B7
47/B7
48/B8
48/B8
49/B9
50/B10
51/B11
52/B12
53/B13
54/B14
55/B15
56/B16
57/B17
58/B18
59/B19
60/B20
6.46
6.88
6.34
6.81
6.65
6.46
6.96
6.34
6.88
6.38
6.90
6.90
6.79
6.73
6.70
6.68
6.67
6.53
6.48
6.45
6.38
6.22
6
6
6
12
12
6
6
5
12
12
12
12
12
11
6
12
12
6
6
5
6
12
6.73
6.77
6
6
*766. 61B2
6.41
767. 61/B22
*768. 61/B23
*769. 62IB6
6.58
6.81
6.80
12
5
12
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Lucius Vrus
39
271B26
28/B27
65/55
66B25
67/B28
67/B28
68/B29
68/B29
69/B30
69/B30
69/B31
70/B32
71/B33
72/B34
73/B35
74/B36
6.82
6.74
6.86
6.52
6.90
6.84
6.79
6.45
6.49
6.33
6.78
7.25
6.82
6.74
6.72
6.56
12
12
12
7
12
12
6
6
12
6
12
6
12
6
12
12
Obv. of 726.
Obv. of 727.
Rev. of 746.
Rev. of 773.
Dies of 779.
Dies of 778.
Dies of 781.
Dies of 780.
Dies of 783. Obv. of 784.
Dies of 782. Obv. of 784.
Obv. of 782, 783.
6.38
7.25
6
6
Rev. of 767.
6.92
12
793. 77B4
6.73
11
794. 77/B38
6.41
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40
Hoard Catalogue
COMMODUS, A.D. 180-192
ObverseLegends
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
no date, I",A
I"
T. A
I"
I"
I"
I"
A
TTATTTATPIAOC
TTATTTATPIA
TTATTTATPI
TTATTTATP
TTATTTAT
TTATTATPIAOC
nAT TTATT
nAT TTA
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Commodus
41
4.59
12
796. 21Al
4.30
12
*797. 3/A2
4.84
12
4.22
Legends 2/E.
4.62
4.22
4.02
1
12
12
802.
803.
804.
805.
806.
807.
808.
7/A6
81A7
8/A8
9/A9
9/A9
10/A10
7/A11
4.56
4.60
4.26
4.34
4.44
4.12
4.27
12
5
12
12
12
809. 121A 12
810. 13/A13
*811. 14/A14
4.49
4.48
4.05
6
12
11
*812. 14/A14
3.88
11
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42
Hoard Catalogue
813.
814.
815.
816.
15/A15
16/A16
17/A17
18/A18
4.49
4.28
4.21
4.17
12
12
Legends 7/C.
Legends 10/C.
Legends 7/A.
Legends 7/C.
4.02
12
4.57
819. S/NL1
4.33
820. 72/NL1
4.28
821. 20/NL2
4.33
12
20/NL2
20/NL3
21/NL4
22/NL4
23/NL5
24/NL6
25/NL7
261NL8
3.80
4.12
3.71
4.29
4.48
4.32
4.26
4.46
6
6
6
6
11
1
1
11
830. 26/NL8
4.40
12
822.
823.
824.
825.
*826.
*827.
828.
*829.
4.82
12
832. 19/NL9
4.02
12
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Commodus
43
4.63
12
4.15
4.79
12
12
836. /A52
4.30
12
837. 72/A53
4.57
10
*838. 26/A54
4.21
12
4.48
4.25
4.26
4.50
10
12
11
12
843. 301A58
4.32
12
844. 30/A59
845. 311A60
4.27
4.38
12
846. 321A61
4.71
12
847. 32/A62
4.50
12
848. 32/A63
4.16
849. 33/A63
4.85
12
850. 33/A64
851. 34/A65
4.61
4.78
1
12
839.
840.
841.
842.
28/A55
28/A56
29/A57
29/A58
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44
852.
853.
*854.
855.
856.
857.
858.
Hoard Catalogue
35/A66
35/A67
35/A68
36/A69
37/A70
37/A71
37/A72
4.42
4.42
4.24
4.33
4.67
4.49
4.48
12
859. 37/A72
*860. 37/A73
4.14
4.33
12
12
38/A73
39/A74
40/A75
41/A76
41/A77
42/A78
43/A79
44/A80
45/A81
45/A81
45/A81
45/A81
46/A82
4.51
4.37
4.62
4.66
4.31
4.07
4.39
4.48
4.68
4.57
4.54
4.38
4.45
12
11
12
12
12
11
11
11
12
874. 46/A82
4.30
875. 46/A83
4.27
12
876.
877.
878.
879.
880.
881.
882.
883.
4.37
4.50
4.66
4.66
4.30
4.39
4.34
4.64
12
11
12
12
11
861.
862.
863.
864.
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.
871.
872.
873.
47/A84
48/A85
48/A86
48/A87
48/A88
49/A89
50/A90
51/A91
11
12
12
1
11
12
12
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Commodus
884.
885.
886.
887.
888.
889.
890.
891.
892.
893.
894.
895.
896.
897.
*898.
899.
52/A91
53/A92
54/A93
55/A94
56/A95
57/A96
58/A97
59/A98
60/A99
61/A100
62/A101
63/A102
64/A103
65/A104
65/A105
66/A106
4.33
4.26
4.58
4.45
4.51
4.66
4.34
4.18
4.47
4.35
4.50
4.28
4.19
4.45
4.36
4.36
12
900.
*901.
902.
903.
904.
905.
66/A106
67/A107
67/A107
67/A107
68/A108
69/A108
4.25
4.71
4.47
4.29
4.22
4.74
906. 69/A109
4.31
907. 70/A109
4.25
11
908. 70/A110
4.34
11
909. 70/A110
4.32
12
4.61
911. 71/Al11
912. 72/A112
*913. 73/A113
4.39
4.39
4.18
12
12
12
12
5
11
2
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
6
11
12
45
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46
Hoard Catalogue
*914.
*915.
*916.
917.
74/A114
75/A115
76/A116
77/A117
4.53
4.07
4.42
4.24
12
12
11
11
Legends 17/C.
Legends 9/C.
Legends 8/C.
Legends 11/C. Obv. of Weiser 236.
12
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ON REIGNS
COMMENTARY
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48
Commentary on Reigns
issue in the name of Titus, 10. A type peculiarto Domitian,11, completesthe undatedseries. These are accompaniedby drachmsduplicatingeach ofthe dated didrachms,12 and 13. Issues in the name ofthe
Caesars are also knownforthe ninthyear,14 and 15. The small group
of hemidrachms,consistingof Mt. Argaeusand two Nike types(one of
themsimilarto the didrachm2 and the drachm9) is entirelyundated,
but the parallel of the Nike coins may suggestcontemporaneity
with
the didrachmwhich we have placed in 77/8.
In contrastto otherFlavian provincialmints,Caesarea began to coin
relativelylate in Vespasian's reign. The evidence of the Caesarea
hoardshowsthat the issue of didrachmswas farlargerthan in previous
reignsand thisforeshadowsthe emergenceofthat denominationas the
principalone struckforthe province. "For" ratherthan "in" the province,however,since carefulexaminationshowsthat thereis not simply one amorphouswhole but two distinctgroupingswhich have in
common only their types.
The two groupsare distinguishedby a combinationof stylisticand
technicalfeaturesthat, taken togetherwith the absence of die links
betweenthem,are conclusivefordiscretemintage. The Roman style
resemblesin broad outline the contemporarydenarial issues of the
capital: the featuresof Vespasian are realistic,the bust is broad and
the top of the head flattened;the neck and truncationare large and
heavy. The provincialstyleis comparableto that of the easterndenarii and cistophorias well as contemporarybronzesfromCaesarea: the
top of the head is moreroundedand the facial featuresmorecarefully
articulated. The Roman issues are generallyon broaderflansand are
more neatly struck,but the easiest means of distinguishingthe two
groups is the objective criterionof die axis. The Roman issues are
uniformlyorientedat 6:00, like coins of the capital, while those of
2
provincialstyle are at 12:00. These differences,most dramatically
evidentin the didrachmcoinage (except, curiously,forMt. Argaeus,3,
whichis knownonlyin Roman style),can also be tracedin the smaller
denominations.
2 Thesedistinctions
of
to myattention
werefirst
byDr. I. A. Carradice
brought
and
seeI. Carradice
whohasalsonowalludedtotheminprint:
theBritish
Museum,
in the
BronzeCoinsforCirculation
ofRomanImperial
M. Cowell,"TheMinting
to Trajan,"NC 147(1987),pp.26-50,at p.43.
East: Vespasian
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49
Vespasian
35%
30% -
15
14
10% -
5% _
0% |_|
< 6.00
|_|
6.00
|_|
6.20
|_|
6.40
|_J
6.60
|_|
6.80
3 ForDomitian,
seebelow,pp.51-52;forTrajan,pp.56,58-60;forMarcus
and
Verus,p. 71; fora possible
explanation,
pp.83-90.
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50
Commentary on Reigns
TITUS, A.D. 79-81
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
19:
21:
4 Theonlyexception
inanyof
notrecorded
withCAPIT
is thecistophorus
RESTIT,
and
intheBritish
Museum
Therearespecimens
references.
thestandard
(1948-7-4)
thecoinas theresultofthe
Bern(5979).A. M. Woodward
regarded
unjustifiably
forwhomthetypeis
dieofTitusintothereignofDomitian,
ofan obverse
survival
Seriesand Its Place in theRomanCoinage"in
common.See "The Cistophoric
Presented
to
andC. H. V. Sutherland,
R. A. G.Carson
eds.,EssaysinRoman
Coinage
3.
149-73
at
and
HaroldMattingly
157,
8,
1956),pp.
pl.
(Oxford,
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Domitian
51
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Commentaryon Reigns
52
The copper coinage (e.g. SNGCopCyprus195) is probablynot relevant. It continuesto be orientedat 12:00 but the styleis so unlikethat
of the Cappadocian silverthat this evidencecan onlysupportdifferent
strikingauthorities- whetherseparated in space or not it is impossible to tell.
In 98 coins,thereare 50 (or 51) obversedies and 51 (or 52) reverse
dies. Using the lowerfiguresforthe dies, the projectedoriginaltotals
are 83 8 obversesand 86 8 reverses.The weightsof the coins are
somewhatmore regularthan those observed for Vespasian, and the
hoard coins more closely approach the mean weight calculated by
Walker.7
Analysis of 98 Coins of Domitian
N = 98; mean wt. = 6.521 g.; S.D. = 0.211
Weightsas a Percentageof All Coins
50%
40% -
37
30% -
25
21
9
5
6.00
6.20
6.40
6.60
6.80
7 Walker1,pp.127-28.He calculates
itto6.72(N
a meanof6.65g andcorrects
73). His analysisof 19 coinsgivesa meanof 67.34percent
silverforthe
2.26g ofsilver.
drachm
hencea theoretical
didrachm,
containing
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Nerva
53
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54
Commentaryon Reigns
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Trajan
55
Aspects
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56
Commentaryon Reigns
the second phase the axis is regularizedat 6:00. Each phase is representedby a singlecase of die duplication(165 and 166, 172 and 173).
In each case the dies are identicallyoriented,which may suggesta
systemof fixingthe dies in an absolute relationshipto one another.
The larger COS VI issue uniformlydisplays 6:00, with occasional
die identideviationto 7:00. There are fiftycases of obverse/reverse
ties: in 40 cases a pair of duplicates,in 9 a set oftriplicates,and one set
ofquadruplicates. Exact identityof die orientationis the generalrule,
but among the pairs are seven exceptions,among the triplicatesone,
and the set of four includes three oriented at 7:00, one at 6:00.
Because ofthe dispersalofthe coinsit is no longerpossibleto checkthe
apparentexceptions;but whetheror not the relationshipof the dies to
one anotherwas fixedabsolutely,it is obvious that some systemwas
employednot onlyto insuretheirverticalpairing,but to insurethat it
was focused on a 6:00 die axis.
in style
Gross already drew attentionto the conspicuousdifference
betweenthe COS II and the COS VI issues of Trajan.11 Apart fromthe
fact that the later issue incorporatesobverse bust treatmentsintroduced only with Trajan's decennalia and derivingfrom them, the
earlierissue is clearlyof local style,the laterof Roman style. This is a
point to which we shall returnin another context.
COS II, 98-99
The early coinage of Trajan breaks into two groups which were
sorted out correctly,albeit implicitly,by Sydenham. With a single
- the firstgroup,like
exception- the extemelyrarehemidrachm62
the coinageof Nerva, consistsexclusivelyof didrachms.As frequently
occursat the beginningofa reignwhenthe featuresofthe new emperor
are not well known,the portraitof Trajan is assimilatedto that of his
predecessor;and the obverse legend,AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC
CEBAC TEPM,is slightlyfullerthan that of the immediatelysubsequent issue (S. 158, in the BritishMuseum,has been misreadby SydenAEVT,is accompaniedby the familiar
ham). The reverselegend,VTTAT
Mt. Argaeus(161-64, 50a-b) and club (169 and 170, 52), drawnfrom
11W.H. Gross,
11.2(Berlin,
Herrscherbild
Traians
Bildnisse
1940),
, Das rmische
p.25.
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Trajan
57
the Caesarean prototypes;and a beardedand armedmale figure,presumably Mars, standingfacing(167 and 168, 51a-b). The figurehas no
clear antecedentin eitherRoman or Caesarean coinage,and the immediate referenceof the type is unclear.
The secondgrouphas the obverselegendAYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC
CEB TEPMand the reverseAHM EE YTTATB ; mentionof the tribunicia
potestasand iterationof the consulshipis a standardfeatureof subsequent Caesarean reverses. This group has an associated coinage of
drachms. Now thereare at least five,and possiblysix reversetypes:
Mt. Argaeus, club, Tyche, and Eleutheria are carried over fromthe
previousgroup, and die links associate them, as follows:
Obu. 7: 171, 55a, Mt. Argaeus; 189, 53, Tyche
Obv. 13: 179, 55a, Mt. Argaeus; 182, 54a, Eleutheria
Obv. 20: 191, 53, Tyche; 193, 57, club
In view ofthe identityof formatand the antecedentat Caesarea, there
is no difficultyin adding clasped hands (56) to these in spite of the
absence of a die link. A sixthtype,"Hera," thoughit appears here in
the conspectusas 58, is moreproblematical. Its obverselegendis identical to that of the five othertypes, but the reversevaries in having
AHMAPX for AHM. The type is without parallel in the coinage of
Caesarea or elsewhere. No die links have been found in a cursory
serarchof sources outside the hoard. The sole evidence linkingit to
Caesarea is its occurrencein the Caesarea hoard.
COS VI, 112-116
, 202-456
Trajan Not Yet Optimus
With issues dated COS VI the canon of five reversetypes is continued,and thereare also fivemajor obversetypes,all of themknown
with all reversevarieties. There is extensivelinkageof obverses,but
only within single reverse types; reverse dies, however, often link
obversesof different
types. It is possible to imagine a large officina
scheme based on reversetypes, with the obverses peculiar to their
workshopof origin;in factthe evidenceforsuch a schemehereis much
betterthan forany comparablyearlyperiodat the mintof Rome itself.
In spite of the absence of obversedie links,the contemporaneity
of
all the non-pt<jTC
issues is arguable fromthe parallelism of their
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58
Commentary on Reigns
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Trajan
59
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60
Commentaryon Reigns
canon of types, must have been producedat Rome (we have no evidence forthe productionof denariior aurei in Cappadocia), and very
likelyit was used there(why ship a single die to the province?). In
support of Roman origin for the Trajanic series - in addition, of
course,to the Latin obversedie itself- is the peculiarformof rendering Mt. Argaeus,alreadyremarkedby Sydenham,whichmightsuggest
die makerswho were not familiarwith the model.16For the moment
the case remains highlyprobable; when a die link to a denarius or
aureus of indisputablyRoman originappears it will be conclusive.
Analysis of 348 Coins of Trajan
1. 41 Coins of COS II
N = 41; mean wt. = 6.611 g.; S.D. = 0.196
Weightsas a Percentageof All Coins
50%
16
40% -
16
30% 20% 4
,0% 0%
2
0
< 6.00
-1
6.00
LJ
1
6.20
I
1
6.40
6.60
6.80
7.00
16Sydenham,
Berg
Dagi- Heiliger
p. 19. See alsoP. Weiss,"Argaios/Erciyas
35
und
JNG
Monumente
(1985),pp.21-48,where
Ikonographie,"
Kappadokiens
coniMostoftheseareprincipally
invarious
mediaarecatalogued.
representations
aloneshowitsurmounted
all ofthemountain
calinshape,andvirtually
bya figure
ofHeliosor by a star.
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61
Trajan
40% 30% -
63
r~i
.
< 6.00
6.00
mu
6.20
6.40
54
6.60
6.80
7.00
7.20
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62
Commentary on Reigns
3b. COS VI, Optimus, 114-
:
dr.1.should.dr.1.should.dr.seen
fromcuir.
Bust
Laureate
behind
aegis
Rev.
Type
3 73b
3
8 73a
Club
2 74b
1 74d
3 74c
Artemis 12 74a
1 75b
11 75a
1
75c
Apollo
8
76b
3
Mt.Argaeus11 76a
77a
0 77b
6 77c
hands7
Clasped
a Head
r.
laur.
dr.cuir.
73c
2 74e
3 75d
76c*
1
2
4
6
0
HADRIAN, 117-138
The didrachm seems to continue as the principal denomination
duringHadrian's reign,even thoughit is sparselyrepresentedin this
hoard. A crude means of illustratingthe decline fromthe reign of
Trajan is to note that the eighteenspecimenscome to an average of
less than one per year, comparedto nearlyeighteenper year forTrajan, but the infrequencyof die links suggeststhat the sample is not
thereis littleagainstwhichto comnearlyso complete. Unfortunately
pare this assemblage,since Baldwin's hoard was closed too earlyto be
of use.
The reignof Hadrian is notoriouslydevoid of chronologicalmarkers
apart fromthe assumptionof the title paterpatriae in 128, and that
providesthe only clue to the separationof the two didrachmgroups
here. At a guess, however,the early coins lackingthe title belong to
the earliest part of the reign. The new emperorhere, as elsewhere,
recalled his adoptive fatherthroughthe lengthierlegend AYT KAIC
TPAIANAAPIANOC CEB. The later coinage,reflectingHadrian's new
titulary,shortensthe obverse legend to AAPIANOC CEBACTOC, a
simpletranslationofthe HADRIANVSAVGVSTVS[P P] legendin use at
Rome from128 to ca. 132 on most chronologies.
The didrachmsof Hadrian, at least as representedin the Caesarea
hoard,are of littletypologicalinterest.There are threevarietiesof Mt.
Argaeus. That struckbefore128 (510 and 511, 89) is accompaniedby a
drachm(90) and shows the familiarfigureof Helios atop the mountain. The type was also producedafter128 (512-16, 91-92) alongside
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Hadrian
63
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Commentary on Reigns
64
0
6.30
0
U
U
U
6.40 6.50 6.60 6.70 >6.80
17See 103-5.
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65
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66
Commentaryon Reigns
Head r.
Bust r., dr. 1. sh.
Bust r., dr.
Bust r., cuir.
Bust r., dr. cuir.
Cappadocia
Verus
Marcus
i
i
iii
iii
iv
v
v
vii
19Mattingly,
BMCRE 4, p. 385.
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67
Head laur. r.
Bust laur. r., dr. 1. sh.
Bust laur. r., dr.
Bust laur. r., cuir.
Bust laur. r., dr. cuir.
ii
iv
ii
vi
viii
vi
6:00
190, 57.4%
162, 68.9
352, 61.8
12:00
141
73
218
Caesarea
Marcus
Verus
Total
88, 54.7%
48, 47.5
136, 51.9
73
53
126
20Mattingly
documents
the"b" bustforVerusbutonlywithaegis:BMCRE,
nos.32, 199,241.
21D. R. Walker,
uniform
consi2,p.83:"Thestyleisquiteremarkably
Metrology
thesizeofthecoinage,
which
consumed
somehundreds
ofobverse
dies,andis
dering
Romandies or die-cutters
were
verycloseto thatof Rome. Almostcertainly
undertaken
forthecampaign."
employed,
partoftheelaborate
preparations
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Commentary on Reigns
68
Rev. Die
Al
B1
B1
Cat.
533
613
686
2 (i)
2
A2
B2
534
613
3 (i)
3
A3
B3
535
614
4 (i)
4
A4
B4
536
615
5 (i)
20 (ii)
20
48 (vi)
6 (i)
7 (i)
21 (ii)
22 (ii)
A5
A5
A21
A21
537, 538
555
556
589
A6
A6
A6
A6
539
540
558
559
8 (i)
60 (vii)
9 (i)
9
A7
A7
541
604
A8
A9
542
543
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A9
A49
594
593
19 (ii)
19
A20
B16
554
629
33 (ii)
41 (iv)
41
41
A34
A34
B38
B39
572
580
656
657
34 (iii)
42 (iv)
42
34
A35
A35
A42
B33
573
581
582
650
44 (v)
44
49 (vi)
44
108 (vi)
A44
A45
A45
B42
B42
584
585
590
662
676, 677
45 (v)
45
A46
B43
586
663
46 (vi)
47 (vi)
61 (vii)
46
A47
A47
A47
B50
587
588
605, 606
670
50 (vi)
50
A48
B51
591, 592
671
66 (i)
76 (ii)
67 (i)
78 (ii)
121 (viii)
B5
B5
B7
B7
B7
616, 617
630
619
633
692
79 (ii)
117 (vii)
B19
B19
80 (ii)
94 (iii)
B20
B20
634
687, 688
635
652
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69
70
Commentaryon Reigns
94
107 (vi)
107
107
106
II
93 (iii)
99 (iv)
B35
B35
B53
B52
B52
653
675
674
673
672
B34
B34
651
661
Rev. Die
Al
B1
Cat.
694, 695
742
A2
A2
B2
B2
B22
B23
B22
696
728
743
765, 766
767
768
790
3 (i)
3
30 (iv)
4 (i)
31 (iv)
5 (i)
22 (ii)
22
A3
B3
A3
697
744
729
A4
A4
698
730
A5
A5
A22
699
720
721
21 (ii)
21
63 (iii)
63
A21
B21
B21
B24
23 (ii)
A23
719
764
770
771, 772
722
2
29
2
61
61
61
75
(i)
(iv)
(ii)
(v)
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A23
A27
B26
736
726
774
28 (iv)
28
A28
B27
727
775
43 (i)
77 (vi)
77
B4
B4
B38
745
792, 793
794
44
65
45
62
B5
B5
B6
B6
746
776
747
769
(i)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
71
64 (iii)
B25
773
66 (iv)
B25
777
The whole pattern indicates a very intensive coinage closely
concentratedin time. The sheersize of the issue is impressive- it is
by farthe largestproducedforCappadocia up to this date - and it is
hard to escape some connectionwith the militarycampaigns of the
thereis nothingto help withthe refinement
of
period.22Unfortunately
the chronology.
The business of determiningwhere a coinage was struckif its dies
weretransportableis not an easy one. In the case of the Alexandrian
coinsof SeverusAlexander,similiarityof compositionto contemporary
coins of Rome suggeststhat the provincialissues were struckthere,
then transported.23Here, however,there are no analyses usable for
this purpose. Both the employmentof a similarpatternof obverses
and the similarityof usage with respect to die axis seem to me,
however,to suggestactual strikingof the silverof Aureliusand Verus
at Rome itself,then its transportationto Cappadocia.
22SeeWalker,
2, p.83:"... intheabsenceofanyothermajorissuesin
Metrology
theeast,itserved
as themainsourceofcurrency
fortheParthian
warwagedinthe
nameofLuciusVerus/'
23A. M.Burnett
andP. Craddock,
"RomeandAlexandria:
ofEgypTheMinting
tianTetradrachms
underSeverus
ANSMN28 (1983),pp.109-18.For
Alexander,"
otherinstances,
in somecaseslessconvincing
and all involving
aes coins,see I.
Carradice
and M. Cowell,pp.26-50.
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72
Commentary on Reigns
Analysis of 262 Coins of M. Aurelius and L. Verus
96
30% 63
52
20% 29
10% -
0% I
I
.
< 6.00
I
10
5
I
ll
II
6.00 6.20
II
6.40
II
6.60
II
6.80
I I
7.00
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73
= 138)
135)
139)
= 140 and 141)
Didrachm Reverses
YnATOC r, club (Marcus, S. 333 = 137)
CAPMAT TEPMAN,club (Commodus,S. 364 = 142 and 143)
TEPMANCAPMAT,Mt. Argaeus(Commodus,S. -, Walker3198 = 144)
The attributionof this groupto Caesarea has been invitedby the club
type,otherwiselackingforMarcus; the legends,whichare identicalto
thoseon the Mt. Argaeuscoinsfromthe hoard;and by the morerecently discoveredtype with Mt. Argaeus. A distant antecedent for the
Mars type has also been seen in Trajan's didrachms(50a-b). The
sharingof mostof the typeswithCommodusand the use of the legend
TEPMAN CAPMAT securelyties the issue to 175/6,just after Commodus's elevation to the rank of Caesar and the confermentof these
titles on both Marcus and Commodus.
This groupsharesan obversestylewhich,forwant of a betterterm,
can be characterizedas provincial. The busts are neat enoughon their
own termsbut have that slightdistortionof featuresthat frequently
sets offnon-Romanissues. There is no possiblitywhateverof confusion with the Mt. Argaeus coins of earlieryears. The epigraphy,too,
whilelegibleenough,is distinctive- a hallmarkis the use ofpeculiarly
largeserifs.There are of courseno die linksto the earlier,finergroup.
A finalpointwhichdistinguishesthesecoins fromthe earliercoins of
Marcus and Verus is theirabsence fromrecordedfinds. Althoughin
theory many of the specimens cited in the conspectus might have
belongedto the hoard,theirconditionis so freshrelativeto the hoard
coins of comparable date that their appearance may well be a
coincidence.
In view of the suggestionmade above that the Mt. Argaeusissues of
Marcus and Verus mightbe Roman in origin,it is possible to explain
the later issue in crude style as a small local striking. In this case it
may be consideredan anticipationof the roughlystyledbut certainly
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74
Commentaryon Reigns
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Commodus
75
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Commentaryon Reigns
76
28
28
15% 10% -
12
r In
10
6
5
3
I
I
0% I- I- u - u - u - u - u - u - u - u - u - 1_
< 4.00 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80
5% -
30Weiser
andplacedthecoinsinthe
conclusion
(p. 127)cametothesamegeneral
and
ofthedielinkswithcoinsofthethird
ofknowing
benefit
period181-85without
fourth
consulates.
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VOLUME
The sample of dies in the Caesarea hoard providessome data forthe
estimationof the originalnumberof dies employedto strikethe imperial silver of Caesarea. No systematicattempt has been made to
expand the sample beyond the hoard itself,nor,as a consequence,to
deal withdenominationsotherthan the didrachm. The formulaused is
that of G. F. Carter.1
Table 2
Estimated Number of Dies
Ruler
Vespasian
Domitian
Nerva
Trajan
Early
Middle
Late
Hadrian
Antoninus
M. Aurelius
L. Verus
Commodus
Total
Coins
52
98
10
Obv./Rev.
39/47
50/51
9/10
Obo.
123 27
83 8
41
255
53
18
5
161
101
137
931
28/35
157/155
36/36
16/16
3/5
122/127
77/74
82/107
619/663
71
329
90
107
15
24
16
55
397 50
255 41
165 16
Estimated
Rev.
356132
86 8
182
319
90
107
61
22
16
55
471 64
220 33
383 55
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78
Volume
govern,in undetermined
ways,the total outputthat can be postulated
fora die and thus the total amount of coinage that could be produced
froman estimatedtotal numberof dies.
Moreoverfor the empire we lack any meaningfullylarge coinage
againstwhichto comparethe data. We knowthe Roman coinage was
huge- likelyto have been farlargerthan that forCappadocia at any
period- but how muchlargerwe are neverlikelyto know. Only the
tiny coinages,whereit is easy to count the dies, give us any sense of
relativescale.2 Moreoverthe moderntrendtowardquantificationhas
recentlybeen the object of justifiedskepticism.The use of a constant
to representaverage die lifeis a severemethodologicalerror,and therefore no attempt has been made here to translate die numbersinto
quantities of coinage.3
The most impressive peak is that attained with the combined
coinageof MarcusAureliusand Lucius Verus,who account forroughly
40 percentof the total in a period that cannot have exceeded three
years. Walker has, probablyrightly,associated that coinage withthe
militarycampaigns against the Parthians and Armenians.
Scarcely less impressive,however,is what has been designatedthe
middle period of Trajan, i.e 112-14. There is only a single die link
2 Thecoinageoftheprovince
ofLyciawasverysmall:I haveobserved
only6
and5 reverse
dies
and3 obverse
diesin32 coinsofDomitian,
obverse
and8 reverse
in 15 coinsofNerva.(ThecoinageofTrajan,thelastfromthemint,wasmuch
a) Amisusin PontusunderHadrian,see J. H. Nordbe,
larger.)Largercoinages:
ofAmisus
SilverCoinage
"TheImperial
A.D.,"inA. Damsgaard-Mad131/2-137/8
andNumismainAncient
andE. Hallager,
eds.,Studies
sen,E. Christiansen,
History
toRudiThomsen
ticsPresented
(Aarhus,1988),pp.166-78.Each oftheyearsis
ofdiesusedis 8
thetotalnumber
bysomecoinage.By denomination
represented
and 79 drachm.
23 didrachm,
tridrachm,
b) Syriain thelasthalfofthereignofTrajan. Therewere202 Syriantetradies(Walker,
overtheperiod108-17from171obverse
ofTrajanstruck
drachms
3, pp.122-23).
Metrology
ofArabiain theTell
16 thedrachms
c) ForeachofTrajan'syears14 through
dies(personal
forat least30 obverse
Kalakhoardaccounted
record,
unpublished).
dies
a specialcase. Therewere309obverse
clearly
d) TheHadrianic
cistophori,
ofAsia;for
intheprovince
the463coinsstruck
diesusedtoproduce
and410reverse
not
diesareknown
diesand42 reverse
the50 Bithynian
coins,30 obverse
(figures,
, pp.115,130-36).
Cistophori
updatedsince1980,fromMetcalf,
3 See in particular
Facts
CoinProduction:
Ancient
T. V. Buttrey,
"Calculating
JVC153(1993),pp.335-51.
and Fantasies,"
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Volume
79
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METROLOGY
Table 3
Mean Weights by Rulers
Vespasian
Domitian
Nerva
Trajan early
Trajan late
Hadrian
AntoninusPius
M. Aurelius
L. Verus
Commodus
Mean ( N )
6.40 (52)b
6.52 (98)c
6.64 (10)d
6.61 (41)
6.69(307)'
6.62 (18)f
6.54(5)
6.66(161)
6.69(101)
4.39(137)
S.D.
.281
.211
.294
.196
.213
.114
.392
.257
.251
.203
Walker(N)a
6.84(50)
6.65(19)
6.46(18)
6.66(8)
6.46(14)
6.24(29)
6.13(10)
6.43(100)
4.15(13)
a HereI haveused
calculated
from
coinsactually
documented
onlythefigures
by
sincethesemaynowbe conveniently
in
with
those
Walker,
incorporated
published
thehoard;his"corrected
meanweights,"
basedonlarger
butnotalwaysidentifiable
are generally
histabulation.
samples,
higher
throughout
b 6.907for37 didrachms,
3.373for9 drachms,
1.622for6 drachms
intheANS,
otherthanthosein theCaesareahoard.
c 6.763for16 didrachms,
3.206for5 drachms
in theANS.
d 6.859for11 didrachms
in theANS.
* 6.742for22 didrachms,
3.271for15 drachms
(bothperiods)in theANS.
' 6.224for10didrachms,
3.59foronedrachm,
1.708for21 hemidrachms
inthe
ANS.
g 4.26for7 didrachms
in theANS.
81
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82
Metrology
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ROME
AND
THE
CAPPADOCIAN
COINAGE
The Caesarea hoard and the investigationthat it has promptedclarifyand in major respectsalter the pictureof Cappadocian silvercoinage fromthe time of Vespasian to that of Commodus.
First,even thoughthe coinage of Caesarea has long been recognized
as one of the principalprovincialsilver coinages, it is unexpectedly
large. Except forHadrian and Antoninus,each substantialreignsaw a
major infusionof silver coinage; and even if this consistedto some
extentof reusedearlierissues,the compositionof the hoard showsthat
therewas no major replacementof coin duringthis period. The issues
of Vespasian and Domitian,largein the firstplace, werestillabundant
a centuryaftertheyruled. The coinage of Nerva was considerablefor
his shortrule, that of Trajan small duringthe second consulshipbut
verylarge in the later issue. The scale of the coinage of the joint reign
of Aureliusand Verus and of the sole reignof Commodussurpassesall
expectations.
Second, the size of the hoard and the very heavy representationof
most types shows that it omits no Cappadocian issue of any size. A
corollaryis that the Caesarean originofany didrachmofthe periodnot
included in the hoard requires independentevidence in favor of its
attributionto the province. We have pointed to exceptionsof both
sorts- the absence of the Domitian/Domitiadidrachmsas well as the
one struckforDomitia herself,and the presenceofthe Roma didrachm
of Trajan, of unusual style; but both of these are in the full sense
exceptionsthat prove the rule, extremelyrare coins. The originof
thoseissueswithnon-localtypeswhichare absent fromthe hoard must
now be sought elsewhere.1
1 Thelotunder
consideration
included
butsincethehoardseems
onlydidrachms,
to haveincluded
smallerdenominations
as wellit is worthpointing
out thatit
vindicates
theArabian
attribution
ofthedrachms
ofTrajanas wellas theCyrenaicanoneofthedrachms
andhemidrachms
withZeusAmmon,
alludedto inMetcalf,
83
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84
a fullenough
whoprovides
"TellKalak,"p.94,andindependently
byD. R. Walker,
is likelyto escape
at Metrology
treatment
2, pp.112-13.Sincetheinformation
ofDr.
ofthetypeinthecollection
inApril1989I sawtwodrachms
record
elsewhere,
a visittoLibyayears
their
ofTrenton,
R. Linkfield
NJ;herecalls
during
acquisition
ago.
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85
2 Thedidrachms
ofNerva,whichbreakdownroughly
intotwogroups,
mayyet
turnoutto represent
RomanandCappadocian
buttheevidence
hereis
products,
notas clearcutas intheothercases.Thewholecoinage
wouldrepaymoredetailed
studythanhas beenpossiblehere.
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86
3 ForCyrene
seeabove,n. 1. ForAlexandria
underSeverus
seeA. M.
Alexander
Burnett
andP. Craddock,
"RomeandAlexandria:
TheMinting
ofEgyptian
TetraunderSeverusAlexander,"
drachms
ANSMN 28 (1983),pp.109-118.ForSyria
underPhilipI seeH. R. Raldus,Mon(eta)VRB(is)- ANTIOXIA. RomundAntiochiaals Prgesttten
Tetradrachmen
desPhilippus
Arabs(Frankfurt,
1969).
syrischer
theseinstances
andrecognizes
"connecWalker,
3, pp.159-60,discusses
Metrology
tion"withthemintofRomeofCaesarean
issuesofNervaandAurelius
andVerus.
4 Fora recenttreatment
see I. Carradice
and M. Cowell,pp.26-50.
5 ForCaesarea,
seeRE 3, 1289-90(Ruge);forCappadocia,
A. H. M.Jones,
Cities
RomanProvinces2
devoted
to
(Oxford,
1971),whosesingleparagraph
oftheEastern
ofitsexistence
thetopicopens"During
thefirst
threecenturies
weknowverylittle
oftheinternal
oftheprovince."
inderPrinziSee R. Teja, "Kappadokien
history
fora recent
ANRW2.7.2(BerlinandNewYork,1980),pp.1083-1124,
patszeit,"
onnatural
underscores
thelack
connected
account
that,withitsemphasis
resources,
oftheworkings
oftheprovince.
ofdetailedknowledge
6 See forexample
W. Wroth,
BMCGalatia
, p. xxxv(onCaesarea),
pp.lix-lx(on
2 (Oxford,1911),p. 779; Sydenham,
Antioch);B. V. Head, HistoriaNumorum
pp.2-3.
7 For exampleT. V. Buttrey,
fromBordeauxand the
"A Hoardof Sestertii
in theThirdCentury
Problem
of Circulation
A.D.," ANSMN 18 (1972),p. 55:
. . ."; J.-P.
wasstriking
coinforCyrene.
". . . themintofCaesareain Cappadocia
de238 311, BFAR214(Paris,
desempereurs
romains
montaire
Callu,La politique
"Trsor
1969),pp.160-61;andTeja (above,n.5). See J. T. Milikand H. Seyrig,
that
de Murabb'at,"
/?N61 (1958),pp.11-26,at 25,wherea suspicion
montaire
was
toemerge.Callu,p. 161,n.4, notesthattheproblem
isamissbegins
something
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87
Antioch
heinclined
stillexercising
in 1962,though
whathetookawayfrom
Seyrig
in "TheBoston
to giveto Caesarea.A. R. Bellinger
correspondence
quotesfrom
CollegeHoard,"ANSMN 10 (1962),pp.43-50,at 49.
8 Theevidence
is slender,
seeMetcalf,
Cistoforcirculation
ofimperial
cistophori
thearea
haschanged
, pp.110-12.Nothing
since,butitstillseemsfairtoinfer
phori
ofintended
fromtheHadrianic
circulation
types.
9 J.H. Nordbehasrecently
inalmost
ofAmisus
discussed
theHadrianic
coinage
theseterms,
SilverCoinageofAmisus131/2-137/8
seehis"The Imperial
precisely
in
E. Christiansen,
andE. Hallager,
A.D.,"inA. Damsgaard-Madsen,
eds.,Studies
Ancient
Presented
to
and
Numismatics
Thomsen
1988),
(Aarhus,
History
Rudy
ofthenewcoinage
totheincompatibility
pp.166-78.Atp. 171hedrawsattention
withboththecistophoric
and theCappadocian
standards.
10Forpurposes
ofthisargument
thetermembraces
theentire
denarius
system
and includes
aureiand quinariias well.
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88
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89
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90
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CONSPECTUS
OF CAESAREAN
SILVER
COINAGE
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92
Conspectus
VESPASIAN, A.D. 69-79
Obu. AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOC, Head
of Vespasian laureate r.1
Didrachms
A.D. 77-78
1. Rev. NIKH CEBACTH Nike flyingr., wreath in r., palm in 1.
Ref.: S. 89
Doc.: SNGCop 185; BMCGalatia , p. 47, 16; SNGFitz 5427; Hunter,
p. 582, 6.
Finds: Hoard 14 (27-40, provincialstyle);Weiser2 (5, provincialstyle;
6, uncertainstyle); Baldwin 50 (see pp. 157-58, 20). Baldwin notes
"variations de style qui indiquent les diffrentesfrappes," and
pointsto pl. 24, 17 and 18, wherethe two coins illustratedseem to
be of provincialstyle. It is regrettablethat she did not break down
the coins by stylisticgroup.
2. Rev. Legend as 1. Nike on elongatedbase flyingr., wreathin r.,
palm in 1.
Ref.: S. 90
Doc.: ANS (ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Hoard 2 (41 provincial style; 42 Roman style); Baldwin 1
(p. 158, 23, pl. 25, 21, Roman style).
3. Rev. TTATHPTTATPIAOCMt. Argaeus; on summit,Helios radiate
standing1., holdingglobe in r., scepter in 1.
92
Ref.: S.
Doc.: Hunter, p. 582, 7; ANS 3 (2, possibly3, ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Baldwin 3 (p. 159, 30). Baldwin inadvertentlysuggestsin her
descriptionof the obverse("mme coin que la monnaiede la pl. II,
26" [i.e. rev. NIKH CEBACTH, above 2]) that all three coins are
fromthe same obversedie, but two of these preservedat the ANS
are fromdifferent
dies. A thirdcoin, also possiblyfromthe hoard,
1 ForthecoinageofVespasian,
wheremosttypesoccurin twodistinct
styles,
of"Roman"and"provincial"
variations
is made,andtheexistence
onlyoneentry
or "Finds"entry.
is notedin the"Documentation"
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Vespasian
93
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94
Conspectus
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Vespasian
95
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96
Conspectus
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Domitian
97
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98
Conspectus
27.
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Nerva
99
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100
Conspectus
32.
35.
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Nerva
101
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102
Conspectus
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Trajan
103
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104
Conspectus
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Trajan
105
Rev. AHMAPXEE YTTATB Female bust (Hera ?) 1.,wearingheaddress, short scepter in each hand.
Ref.: S. 174.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6391; SNGCop 201; SNGFitz 5439; BMCGalatia ,
p. 52, 47; ANS 1 (ex Antioch hoard).
Finds: Hoard 1 (201); 1935 Antioch hoard l.4
This coin is placed herewiththe greatestreluctance,but thereis no
othermint to which it obviously belongs and the provenancein our
hoard lends some small plausibilityto the attributionto Caesarea
which is lacking for the other mysteriousdidrachm S. 175 and the
tridrachmS. 173. The latteralmostcertainlydoes not belongto Caesarea, and the originof the didrachmis anybody's guess.
4 Noe256;seealsoMetcalf,
"TellKalak,"p. 92,16,where
thecoinis mistakenly
identified
as a tridrachm.
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Conspectus
106
Drachms
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Trajan
107
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108
Conspectus
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Trajan
109
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110
Conspectus
Drachms
Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM AAK
Rev. Club, handle at bottom.
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Trajan
111
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112
Conspectus
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Trajan
113
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (478).
74c. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGCop 210.
Finds: Hoard 2 (479-80).
74d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 3 (481-83).
74e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: S. 199.
Doc.: SNGvAulock 6406; ANS (ex Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 [Sydenham],
93).
Finds: Hoard 4 (484-87); Bori 1 (Golenko 64).
Rev. Apollo standing1., olive branch in r., bow and arrow in 1.
75a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (465).
75b. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 3 (467-69), all fromsame obversedie on whichthereis
just the possibilityof drapery.
75c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (466).
75d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: S. 194.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 55, 68.
Finds: Hoard 6 (470-75).
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114
Conspectus
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Trajan
115
79.
8 Thedirection
from
thetwo
oftheclubonthereverse
bedetermined
canhardly
known
ofthisdrachm;
thedidrachms.
thedescription
isgeneralized
from
specimens
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116
Conspectus
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Hadrian
117
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118
Conspectus
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Hadrian
119
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120
Conspectus
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Hadrian
121
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122
Conspectus
98c. As 93.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Eki 24 (481, 485, 488, 496, 508, 511, 515-16, 524-25, 539-40,
558, 561-62, 570, 575, 592, 595, 697-98, 702, 707-8).
Rev. Legend as 93 but ... TTATPIAOCClub, handle at top.
99. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 280.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6421; SNGCop 231; SNGFitz. 5448; BMCGalatia ,
p. 61, 135; Hunter, p. 587, 43; ANS 3, Plate 53.
Finds: Bori 1 (Golenko 67); Eki 129.
Rev. As 99 but star to 1.
100. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 281 (Johnsoncoll.).
Doc.: SNGvAulock6422.
Finds: Eki 15 (414-28).
Rev. As 100 but crescentto r.
101. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 282.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 61, 136-37; ANS 3.
Finds: Bori 2 (Golenko 68-69); Eki 45 (429, 431-42, 444-76).
Rev. YTTATTATTTATPIAOCBust of youthful male radiate
draped r., club over shoulder.
102. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 253.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 60, 127.
Finds: None.
Obv. CEBACTOC AAPIANOC Head laureate 1.
103. Rev. TTATHPTTATPIYnATOC TO T Club, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 283.
Doc.: SNGvAulock 6423; SNGCop 232; BMCGalatia , p. 61, 138;
ANS 3, Plate 54.
Finds: Eki 6 (692, 709-11, 713-14).
104. Rev. TTATHPTTATPI
YTTATOCTO T Mt. Argaeussurmountedby
crescent.
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Hadrian
123
105.
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124
Conspectus
Hemidrachm
Rev. YTTATOCT TTATHPTTATPINike advancing r., holding
wreath in r., palm in 1.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: S. 274.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 62, 139.
Finds: None.
109.
Anomalies
The followingcoins assigned by Sydenhamand othersto Caesarea
are of somewhatdifferent
fabricand do not occur withany frequency
in documentedfinds. The anomalies all have the same legends.
Obv. AAPIANOC CEBACTOC
Rev. YTTATOCT TTATHPTTATPIAOC
Tridrachm
110.
Didrachms
111.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
Ref.: S. 275.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 61, 128.
Finds: None.
112.
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Antoninus Pius
125
Drachms
113a. Obv. Head laureate r.
Rev. As 112.
Ref.: S. 278a (S. coll.).
Doc.: ANS = Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 124, Plate 54.
Finds: Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 49).
113b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.
Ref.: S. 278.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 61, 132-33.
Finds: None.
114.
115.
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126
Conspectus
117.
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Antoninus Pius
127
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Baranowsky FPL 1935, 6905.
Finds: None.
118b. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 296.
Doc.: SNGCop 237; BMCGalatia , p. 63, 151.
Finds: Hoard 1 (528).
118c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: S. 297.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 63, 150.
Finds: None.
Drachms
119a. Obv. Head bare r.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGCop 238; ANS 1944.100.59461,Plate 54.
Finds: Weiser 8 (160-67); Gerzeul 4 (Golenko 53-54, 56-57).
119b. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Weiser 1 (189).
119c. Obv. Bust r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59469.
Finds: Weiser 4 (168-71).
119d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Weiser 2 (185-86).
119e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Weiser 1 (193).
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128
Conspectus
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Antoninus Pius
129
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130
Conspectus
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131
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132
Conspectus
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133
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134
Conspectus
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135
Tridrachms
133. Rev.Three grain stalks on garlanded altar.
Ref.: S. 334 with Lbbecke's erroneoustranscriptionof the obverse
legend.
Doc.: A. Lbbecke, p. 349, 3, pl. 14, 11, but erroneouslydescribed
("...OC CEB" in obverselegend),9.93 g; Gorny23, 5 Nov. 1982,103 =
Gorny20, 1 Dec. 1981,60 = Gorny19, 12 May 1981,95 = Sternberg
10,25 Nov. 1980,410,9.21 g; BankhausAufhuserFPL 6 [n.d.,1988],
reversedies.
381, all fromsame obversedie but different
Rev. Helmeted male standing1., holdingspear in 1., shield on
ground in r.
Ref.: S. 333a (as a didrachm,incorrectly)
Doc.: SNGvAulock6429, "didrachm/*but 8.70 g; AuctionesAG 18, 21
Sept. 1989, 964, 10.01 g; McAlee; Bankhaus AufhuserFPL 6 [n.d.,
1988], 380 (same reverse,differentobverse die).
134.
135.
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136
Conspectus
Obv. KOMMOAO) KAI CEB YIO)
Rev. TEPMANCAPMAT
Tridrachms
138a. Obv. "Young bust r., bare head dr."
Rev. Three grain stalks placed on altar decorated with
garlands.
Ref.: S. 362.
Doc.: Imhoof-Blumer,Monnaies grecques
, p. 418, 188 (not illus.),
9.20 g; S. "142.8 gr."; Ashmoleanex Walker, 9.24 g. Imhoofcompares MionnetVI, p. 705, 618. It is possible that the Imhoof-Blumer and Ashmolean specimens are identical. Other examples:
Mnz. u. Med. FPL 359, Aug. 1974, 12; Paris P. 474, 9.76 g.
Finds: None.
138b. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Gorny 23, 5 Nov. 1982, 104 = Gorny 19, 12 May 1981, 96,
9.46 g; Gorny24, 14 Mar. 1983,95, 9.38 g. Same obversedie as both
examples of 141b.
Finds: None.
Obv. ...KAIC... Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
139. Rev. Hexastyletempleon podiumofthreesteps;within,female
figurestanding1.,holdingspear in 1.,shieldon groundin r.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Paris P 476, 10.27 g; Vienna 33706, 8.30 g; McAlee (same dies as
Vienna).
Finds: None.
Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed.
Rev. Eagle standingfronton club, head r.
Ref.: S. 363.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 192, 344 (Antioch), 136.6 gr. = 8.85 g; ANS
1993.8.1, Plate 54.
Finds: None.
140.
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137
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138
Conspectus
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
no date, T, A
I"
r, A
I"
T
I"
TTATTTATPIAOC
TTATTTATPIA
TTATTTATPI
TTATTTATP
nAT TTAT
nA TTATPIAOC
12Thelegend
6441and
diesharedbySNGoAulock
isknown
from
a single
obverse
edithe
of
the
the
ANS
coin
confirms
206;
BMCGalatia,
71,
respective
readings
p.
was opento doubt.
tors,in bothcasestakenfromcoinswherethetermination
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T
A
139
nAT TTATT
TTATnA
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140
Conspectus
Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
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141
142
Conspectus
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143
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144
Conspectus
Doc.: None.
Finds: Weiser 1 (229).
155c. Legends 5/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 3 (897-98, 904).
155d. Legends 7/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Hunter,p. 590, 61.
Finds: Hoard 8 (835-36, 845, 905-9); Weiser 2 (230-31).
155e. Legends 8/C.
Ref.: S. 372.
Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 72, 208-9; SNGCop 252.
Finds: Hoard 7 (840, 863-66, 868, 916) ; Weiser 1 (233).
155f. Legends 9/C.
Ref.: S. 372a (S. coll.)
Doc.: SNGvAulock6443.
Finds: Hoard 11 (834, 838, 843-44, 852-54, 910-12, 915); Weiser 4
(227-28, 232, 242).
155g. Legends 11/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: McClean 9225.
Finds: Hoard 4 (841-42, 862, 917).
155h. Legends 12/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 5 (899-903); Weiser 4 (234, 240-41, 243).
155i. Legends 13/C.
Ref.: S. 372b.
Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 72, 210; Hunter,p. 590, 60 and 62; ANS.
Finds: Hoard 36 (846-51, 861, 867, 869-83, 885-96, 913); Weiser 18
(224-26, 244-58).
155j. Legends 14/C.
Ref.: None.
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145
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (855).
155k. Legends 15/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 5 (856-60); Weiser3 (237-39). The eightcoins are from
one obverse and fourreversedies.
1551. Legends 7/E.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (837).
Rev. Nike advancing 1. holdingwreath in r., palm in 1.
156. Legends 9/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (918).
Rev. Nike advancingr. on globe holdingwreathin r., palm in 1.
157a. Legends 7/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 2 (925, 928).
157b. Legends 8/C.
Ref.: S. 373a = 372c.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6444.
Finds: Hoard 2 (926-27).
157c. Legends 9/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 3 (919, 929-30); Weiser 1 (235).
157d. Legends 13/C.
Ref.: S. 373.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 72, 211.
Finds: Hoard 3 (922-24, same dies).
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146
Conspectus
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APPENDICES
1. A NOTE ON THE "MNCHENER
FUNDKOMPLEX"
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148
Appendices
TO CAESAREA
176-78
179, 180
181
182-90
* Therehavebeenothermultiples
inthetradesinceca. 1980,butlittletosuggest
Caesarean
withthislot. Theonlyreallycommon
thattheyareassociated
multiples
andsuchof
ofTrajanwhich
cannotyetbeassigned
arethefewtridrachms
elsewhere,
oldcoins
thancomparably
condition
theseas arein circulation
todayarein better
fromthetwolots.
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149
Above, p. 83, n. 1.
Above, S. 182-90.
Above, S. 181.
Above, S. 182-90.
Above, S. 182-90.
Cyrene
Arabia?
Tyre
Arabia?
Arabia?
Titus
Domitian
Nerva
Trajan
Dates
74, 75
75, 76
77, 78
78, 79
79-81
79
81
92, 93
93, 94
94, 95
Annually
96-98
98, 99
98
98/9
99/100
100/1
101/2
102/3
106/7
107/8
110/111
112-14
111/2
Caesarea Silver
7
8
1-6, 9-18
19
SydenhamCopper
98, 99
117, 118
119
20-30
31-47
131-34
135
None known
48-62
240
241
235, 242
243
244
245
246-48
249
250
63-73
251
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150
Appendices
Hadrian
Antoninus
Pius'
114-16
119-28
117, 118
120, 121
121, 122
128-138
138 ( ?)
139
140-44
143/4
145/6
145-61
74-83
90, 91
84-86
87
92-115
116, 117
118-24
125
309
310-13
126-28
314
315-18
337
150/1
158/9
M. Aurelius/ 161/2
L. Veras2
162/3
163-66
164/5
M. Aurelius/ 175, 176
Commodus
Commodus 180 ( ?)
181, 182
183-85
189/90
191/2
284, 285
129-32
133-44
338, 360
361 (Veras)
145
146-54
155-57
374, 375
376
The table is sufficientto indicate the lack of chronologicalcorrelationbetweenthe silverand the bronze,3but thereare otherfeaturesas
1 In thetreatment
I
ofthecoppercoinageofAntoninus
Piusand M. Aurelius
haveignored
are in factbase
coinsS. 319,S. 335,and S. 336 whichhe suggests
tetradrachms.
2 Thebronzes
withtribunician
datesandreverse
headofZeusAmmon,
S. 339,
and S. 341-45,or maleheadwithtaenia,S. 342,are ignored.
3 Obviously
silverwasproduced
if,as suggested
here,someoftheCappadocian
is superfluous.
at Rome,thechronological
argument
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4. "Ghosts"
151
well to suggestdifferent
authoritiesbehindthe coins. The bronzecoinnever
takes
over
age
any of the non-Argaeustypesfromthe silver,and
the only type unique to it beforeMarcus Aurelius - the pyramid
which appears under Trajan - never occurs on silver. It is hardly
surprisingthat the names of provincialgovernors,knownon the local
coins fromVespasian throughTrajan, never occur on the silver,and
the variationin usage on the bronzeitselfis sufficient
to indicatea lack
ofcontinuitynot characteristicofthe silver. Finally,thereis no apparent stylisticconnectionbetweenthe silver and the bronze,much less
any indicationthat the same engraverswere responsibleforthe dies.
4. "GHOSTS"
The coins cited below are all noted by Sydenham,but none has been
confirmedduringthe courseof this investigation.Most seem to result
fromerrorsof transcription.
1. Titus underVespasian, didrachm,after5b. Rev. similarto 5a but
ETOY
Ref.: S. 104.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
Sydenham cites Baldwin 34, but the coins she describes there are
whichgivesthislegendonlyfor
drachms;he misreadsthe commentary,
drachms.
2. Trajan, didrachm,after 50. Obv. A[YTOKP(?)] KAIC NEPOYAC
TPAIANOC CEBAC TEPM, head laureate r. Rev. YTTATAEYT, Mt.
Argaeus.
Ref.: S. 158.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
Sydenhamcites BMCGalatia , p. 53, 45. That coin shows no traces of
the legend given in both catalogues, and the placement of what is
legible is consistentwith the standard reading.
3. Trajan, didrachm, after 80b. Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANO)
APICT0 CEB..., bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind. Rev.
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152
Appendices
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5. Concordance
153
Vespasian
Sydenham
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98-101 copper
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
108a
109
110
111
Metcalf
1
2
9
3
16
17
18
7
8
4
5a
12, Ghosts 1
5b
10
14
6a
6e
13
6b
6c
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154
Appendices
Titus
Domitian
Nerva
Sydenham
112
113
113a
114
115
116
117-20 copper
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
130a
131-35 copper
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
149a
150
151
Metcalf
6d
11
11
15
15
19
20
21
22
23
30
24
25
26
27
28
29
31
32
37a
37b
38a
38b
39a
39b
40
35
33
36
34
41
42
43
44
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5. Concordance
Trajan
Sydenham
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
162a
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
171a
172
173
174
175-90
191
192
193
194
195
195a
195b
196
196a
197
155
Metcalf
46
45
47
48
49
50a
Ghosts 2
51a
51b
51b
52
57
53
54a
54b
59a
55a
55b
60
60
56
57
61
Not Caesarea
58
Not Caesarea
65c
65d
65c
75d
64a
64d
64b
64c
64e
64b
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156
Appendices
Hadrian
Sydenham
198
199
200
201
202
203
204-6
207
208
209
210
210a
211
211a
212
213
214
214a
215
216
217
218
219-20
221
222
223
224-27
228-51 copper
252
253
254
254a
255
256
257
258
Metcalf
70b
74
80b
Ghosts 3
Not Caesarea
66c
Not Caesarea
77b
76a
76a
67d
67a
77c
67c
72
63c
63c
63e
63a
69a
73a
78a
Not Caesarea
77b
77a
83b
Not Caesarea
105
102
88
89
86a
86b
85
84
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157
5. Concordance
AntoninusPius
Sydenham
259
260
261
262
262a
263
263a
264
265
265a
266
266a
267
268
268a
269
270
270a
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
277a-b
278
278a
279
280
281
282
282a
283a
284-291 copper
292
Metcalf
Ghosts 4
87
90a
91a
91b
92a
106
92b
94
94
93d
93b
107
95a
95b
96d
96b
96a
108a
97
98
109
111
110
112
Ghosts 5
113b
113a
114
99
100
101
115
103
116b
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158
Appendices
M. Aurelius
Sydenham
292a
292b
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
301a
301b
301c
302
303
304
304a
305-20 copper
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
327a
328
329
330
331
331a
332
333
333a
334
Metcalf
116a
116f
116c
117
Ghosts 6
118b
118c
120b
120a
121
123
Ghosts 7
125
124a
126
126
127a
127b
129a
129c
129b
129h
129f
129f
130a
130g ?
130b
130d
130f
130f
130a
130b
137
134
133
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5. Concordance
L. Verus
Commodus
Sydenham
335-50 copper
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
358a-61 copper
362
363
364
365
366
366a
367
368
369
369a
370
370a
370b
370c
371
372"
372b
372c
373
373a
373c-386 copper
159
Metcalf
131f
131a
132d
132a
132b
132c
132d
132a
138a
140
142a-b
145b
148d
148b
148f
149a
149c, Ghosts 8
152b
152c
146c
Not confirmed
152a
Not confirmed
155f
155i
157b
157d
157b
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INDICES
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162
Indices
19 (Titus).
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2. Reverse Legends
163
15 (Domitian under
AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEBACTOY YIOC
Vespasian).
11 (Domitian under
KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOY YIO
Vespasian).
KOMMOA60KAI CEB YI6)
138a-b, 142 (Commoduswith Marcus
Aurelius).
KOMMOAO) KAIC CEB YIO)
139-41, 143, 144 (Commodus with
Marcus Aurelius).
CEBACTOC AAPIANOC
103-5 (Hadrian).
IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC
79 (Trajan).
IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P
68 (Trajan).
2. REVERSE
LEGENDS
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164
Indices
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3. Obverse Types
165
YTTATOCA TTATnATT
157g (Commodus).
YT1ATOC A nAT nATPIAOC
127a (Antoninus Pius); 155a-b
(Commodus).
YTTATOCA TTATHPnATPIAOC
127b (AntoninusPius).
YTTATOCnAT nATPIAOC
145a-c (Commodus).
YnATOC TO r nATHP nATPI
103, 105 (Hadrian).
YnATOY TETAPTOY
44-47 (Nerva).
YnATOY TPITOY
33-36, 40 (Nerva).
3. OBVERSE TYPES
Unless otherwisenoted, the head or bust is that of the emperor.
Head r.: 116a, 118a, 119a, 120a, 122 (AntoninusPius); 129a, 130a
(Marcus AureliuswithLucius Verus); 131a, 132a (Lucius Verus).
Head laureate 1.: 103-5 (Hadrian).
Head laureate r.: 1-9, 12-13, 16-18 (Vespasian); 10, 14 (Titus under
Vespasian); 11, 15 (Domitian underVespasian); 19 (Titus); 20-30
(Domitian); 31-47 (Nerva); 48, 49, 50a, 51a, 52, 53, 54a, 55a,
56-58, 59a, 60-62, 76c (Trajan); 91a, 92a, 93a, 94, 95a, 96a,
97-101, 106, 107, 108a, 110, 111, 113, 115 (Hadrian); 116b,
118b, 119b, 120b, 121, 123-28 (AntoninusPius); 129b, 130b
(Marcus Aureluswith Lucius Verus); 131b, 132b (Lucius Verus);
145-146, 149, 152-57 (Commodus).
Head (of Domitian) laureate r. facing bust of Domitia 1., draped,
wearingStephane:28, 29.
Bust r., draperyon 1. shoulder:116c, 119c, 120c (AntoninusPius);
129c, 130c (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus).
Bust r., draped: 116d, 117 (AntoninusPius); 141a (Commoduswith
Marcus Aurelius).
Bust r., draped, seen frombehind: 131c, 132c (Lucius Verus).
Bust (of Domitia) r., draped, wearingStephane:27.
Bust r., cuirassed,seen frombehind:129e, 130e (MarcusAureliuswith
Lucius Verus); 131d, 132d (Lucius Verus).
Bust r.,draped,cuirassed:140, 141a, 142b, 143, 144 (Commoduswith
Marcus Aurelius).
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166
Indices
TYPES
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4. Reverse Types
167
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168
Indices
(Commodus).
Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star, to 1. and r., stars: 96 (Hadrian).
Mt. Argaeus surmountedby three stars: 108 (Hadrian).
Mt. Argaeus surmountedby wreath: 97 (Hadrian).
Mt. Argaeus of varyingdesign,generallygrottoat bottomcontaining
cult stone, flanked by two pyramidal objects; at top, second
grotto,sometimeswithflame;treeson slopes of mountain:67, 68,
71, 76, 81 (Trajan).
Nerva head laureate r.: 48, 49 (Trajan).
Nike advancingr., wreathin r., palm in 1.: 1, 2, 9 (Vespasian); 10, 14,
17 (Titus underVespasian); 19 (Titus); 25, 29 (Domitian); 72, 82
(Trajan); 86-88, 109 (Hadrian) ; 151 (Commodus).
Nike advancing1.,wreathin r., palm in 1.: 149, 150, 156 (Commodus).
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4. Reverse Types
169
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KEY
TO
PLATES
52-54
Plate 52
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
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172
48.
59a.
61.
62.
69a.
70a.
79.
84.
85.
86a.
86b.
88.
89.
91a.
91b.
95a.
99.
103.
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173
119a.
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PLATES
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Plate 1
Vespasian
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Plate 2
Vespasian
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Plate 3
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Plate 4
Domitian
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Plate 5
Domitian
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Plate 6
Domitian
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Plate 7
Domitian
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Plate 8
Domitian
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Plate 9
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Plate 10
Trajan
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Plate 11
Trajan
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Plate 12
Trajan
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Trajan
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Plate 14
Trajan
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Trajan
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Plate 16
Trajan
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Plate 17
Trajan
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Plate 18
Trajan
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Plate 19
Trajan
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Plate 20
Trajan
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Plate 21
Trajan
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Plate 22
Trajan
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Plate 23
Trajan
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Plate 24
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Plate 25
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Plate 26
Trajan
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Plate 27
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Plate 28
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Plate 29
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Plate 30
M. Aurelius
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Plate 31
M. Aurelius
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Plate 32
M. Aurelius
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Plate 33
M. Aurelius
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Plate 34
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Plate 35
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Plate 36
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Plate 37
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Plate 39
Lucius Vrus
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Plate 40
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Plate 41
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Plate 42
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Plate 43
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Plate 44
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Plate 45
Commodus
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Plate 46
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Plate 47
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Plate 48
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Plate 49
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Plate 50
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Plate 52
ConspectusCoins
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Plate 53
Conspectus Coins
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Plate 54
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/';-=09
)(8*=-0/']
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