Moodle Engleski

Pre Intermediate Level

Internet basics
Internet basics Understanding basics

Internet (Pre-Intermediate lesson 1)

Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. The
Internet is a network of computers spanning the globe. This communication
structure is a system connecting people all around the world. A global Web
of computers, the Internet allows individuals to communicate with each
other. Often called the World Wide Web, the Internet provides a quick and
easy exchange of information and is recognized as the central tool in this
Information Age.

Internet Browser
An Internet browser is a software program that enables you to access and navigate the Internet by
viewing Web pages on your computer. The label Internet Browser describes a software program that
provides users with a graphical interface that allows them to connect to the Internet and "surf the Web."
Simply speaking, a browser is a software program that enables you to view Web pages on your computer.

Internet Explorer and Firefox are commonly used for viewing the Internet. Internet Explorer and Firefox
share many of the same functions, and it is possible to use both. There are other browsers available as
well. It does not take many users long to develop a preference and "adopt" a browser. You may have
already made the choice. Which are you using?
Not only will you need to be familiar with your browser "brand," but you should also know the version of
the browser you are using. Frequently, new versions of browsers are made available to computer users;
normally they are available to be downloaded from the Internet at no charge.

Web Site
A site or area on the World Wide Web that is accessed by its own Internet address is called a Web site. A
Web site can be a collection of related Web pages. Each Web site contains a home page and may also
contain additional pages. Each Web site is owned and updated by an individual, company, or
organization. Because the Web is a dynamically moving and changing entity, many Web sites change on
a daily or even hourly basis.

Web Page
A Web page can be explained as one area of the World Wide Web. Comparable to a page in a book, the
basic unit of every Web site or document on the Web is a page. A Web page can be an article, an
ordering page, or a single paragraph, and it is usually a combination of text and graphics.

Home Page
The term home page has a couple of meanings. It is the Web page that your browser uses when it starts,
and also the Web page that appears every time you open your browser. Clicking the home page icon on
your browser screen will take you to the specific page you have set as your browser's home page. Home
page also refers to the main Web page out of a collection of Web pages. On each site, often you will see
home page as a choice on a Menu Bar. Clicking on the word Home on a Web page will take you to the
home or main page of that particular Web site.

TEST:
1.

Name three from five most commonly used browsers...

[Opera|Mozzila Firefox|Google Chrome|Internet Explorer|Safary]

2. Decide whether the following statements are true ( T) or false

( F).

Internet is local system of computer networks. {:MCH:T~=F}

Internet connects people all over the world. {:MCH:=T~F}
Internet browser is type of hardware. {:MCH:T~=F}
Browser allows users to connect to the Internet and "surf the Web". {:MCH:=T~F}
Web site is area on the World Wide Web that is accesed by its own Internet
adress. {:MCH:=T~F}
Web page is a collection of Web sites. {:MCH:T~=F}
Web page is usualy combination of text an graphics. {:MCH:=T~F}
Home page is the web page that browser uses when it starts. {:MCH:=T~F}
Home page doesn't referes to the main Web page out of a collection of Web
pages. {:MCH:T~=F}
3.

Match the new words from the lesson with their definitions.

Web site - An area on the World Wide Web that is accessed by its own Internet address
Web page - One area of the Web site
Internet - Global system of interconnected computer networks
Computer network - Telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data
Internet browser - A software program that enables you to access and navigate the Internet by
viewing Web pages on your computer
World Wide Web - A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents
4.

Find collocations among the given words

Internet browser
Home page
Information system
Web site

Communication structure
5.

Match the words with appropriate prefixes

un common
en-able
dis-function
inter-connected
ex-change
6.

Read the text and complete it with the derivative

words from the words given in brackets

The World Wide Web is a system of Internet [servers] (serve) that support specially
formatted documents. The documents are [formatted] (format) in a markup language [called]
(call) HTML (HyperText Markup Language) that [supports] (supporting) links to other
documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files. This [means] (meaning) you can jump
from one [document] (documentation) to another simply by clicking on hot spots. Not all
Internet servers are part of the World Wide Web.

GSM: Global System of Mobile Communications (Pre

Intermediate lesson 2)
GSM introduction
GSM is the short form of Global System for Mobile Communications. It is called 2G or Second
Generation technology.There are various GSM standards such as GSM900, EGSM900, GSM1800 and
GSM 1900. They mainly differ based on RF carrier frequency band and bandwidth. The GSM system is
the most widely used cellular technology in use in the world today. The letters GSM originally stood for
the words Groupe Speciale Mobile, but as it became clear this cellular technology was being used world
wide the meaning of GSM was changed to Global System for Mobile Communications.

GSM network is consists of Mobile station, Base station subsystem and Network and operation
subsystem. Following figure depicts complete GSM system network architecture.

Mobile Station- This Mobile station is GSM mobile phone equipment which houses DSP,RF chip and
SIM(subscriber Identity Module). This SIM is enough to carry to avail the service of GSM network. SIM
contains subscriber related all the information, network with which subscriber is subscribed with and
encryption related information.

Base station Subsystem- Base station subsystem houses Base Transceiver station-BTS and Base station
controller-BSC.This subsystem take care of radio control related functions and provides GSM air
interface for GSM mobile phones to connect with GSM network. To provide GSM service, region/city on
earth is divided into various cells. The cell size is usually about 100m to about 35 km. BTS coverage is
limited to this cell. Like this many BTSs cover entire region. All this BTSs are interfaced with one BSC in
various ways mesh, star etc. This BSC takes care of radio frequency assignments to the mobile phones,
takes care of handoff within BSS i.e. between one BTS and the other BTS.
Network Subsystem (NSS) - This subsystem provides interface between cellular system and circuit
switched telephone network i.e. PSTN. It performs switching and operation & maintenance related
functions. NSS takes care of call processing functions such as call setup, switching, tear down and also
hand over between BSCs. NSS takes care of security and authentication related functions. There are
various network elements in this subsystem as mentioned in GSM network architecture above. They are
explained
below.
These
are
basically
database
elements.
HLR-Home Location Register, it stores permanent and temporary subscriber related information.
VLR- Visitor Location Register, it stores visitor subscriber related information about its facilities, the
network
it
is
subscribed
to,
and
its
home
location
and
so
on.
AUC- Authentication center, used to authenticate activities in the system. It holds encryption (A5 key)
and
authentication
keys
(A3
key)in
both
HLR
and
VLR.
EIR- Equipment Identification Register, it helps in security as it keeps track of equipment type available
in Mobile Station or Terminal.

Pre Intermediate Test 2

1.

In the empty space write the full phrase of following shorts:

1. GSM [Global System of Mobile Communications]

2. 2G [Second Generation Technology]
3. NSS [Network Subsystem]
4. VLR [Visitor Location Register]
5. EIR [Equipment Identification]
2.

List three from four GSM standards mentioned in text about

GSM basics

[GSM900|EGSM900|GSM1800|GSM1900]
3.

GSM network is consists of:

[Mobile station|Base station subsystem|network and operation subsystem]

4.

In the empty space write the full phrase of following shorts:

SIM [Subscriber Identity Module]

BTS [Base Transceiver station]
BSC [Base Station Controler]
HLR [Home Location register]
AUC [Authentication center register]
5.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false:

1. The letters GSM originally stood for the Global System for Mobile Communications.
{:MCH:T~=F}
2. SIM is enough to carry to avail the service of GSM network. {:MCH:=T~F}
3. Base station subsystem houses only Base Transceiver station. {:MCH:T~=F}
4. The cell size is usually about 100m to about 35 km. {:MCH:=T~F}
5. Home Location Register, it stores permanent and temporary visitor related
information. {:MCH:T~=F}
6.

Find collocations among the given words:

Mobile station
Second generation
Network subsystem
Global system
cellular technology

7.

Match the words with appropriate prefixes

band width
sub system
mis information
dis function
un limited

Lasers basics (Pre-Intermediate lesson 3)

What are lasers?
Lasers - Light Amplification of Stimulated Emission of Radiation - are devices which amplify light and
produce beams of light which are very intense, directional, and pure in colour. They can be solid state,
gas, semiconductor or liquid.

When lasers where invented in 1960, some people thought they could be used as 'death rays'. In the
1980s, the United States experimented with lasers as a defence against nuclear missiels. Nowdays, they
are used to identify targets. But apart from military uses, they have many applications in engineering,
communications, medicine and arts.
In engineering, powerful laser beams can be focused on a small area. These beams can heat, melt, or
vaporize material in a very precise way. They can be used for drilling diamonds, cutting complex shapes
in materials from plastic to steel, for spot welding and for surfacing techniques, such as hardening aircraft
engine turbine blades. Laser beams can also be used to measure and align structures.
Lasers are ideal for communications in space. Laser light can carry many more information channels than
microwaves because of its high frequency. In addition, it can travel long distances without losing signal
strength. Lasers can also be used for information recording and reading. Compact discs are read by lasers.
In medicine, laser beams can treat damaged tissue in a fraction of second without harming healthy tissue.
They can be used in very precise eye operations.
In the arts, lasers can provide fantastic displays of light. Pop concerts are often accompanied by laser
displays.

Pre Intermediate Test 3

1. Laser is short from [Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission od Radiation]
2.

Four states of lasers are:

[solid state|solid|gas|semiconductor|liquid]
3.

Lasers have many applications in:

[military|communications|medicine|art|engineering]
4.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false

1. Lasers are devices which amplify light. {:MCH:=T~F}

2. Beams that Lasers produce are not very intense and pure in colour. {:MCH:T~=F}

3. Nowdays, US army use lasers to identify targets. {:MCH:=T~F}

4. Lasers can't be focused on the small area. {:MCH:T~=F}
5. Lasers can be used for drilling diamonds. {:MCH:=T~F}
6. Lasers are not good for communication in space. {:MCH:T~=F}

5.

Read the text and complete it with the derivative words from
the words given in brackets:

Lasers are ideal for [communications] (communicate) in space. Laser light can carry many more
[information](inform) channels than mocrowaves because of its high frequency. In [addition]
(additionaly), it can travel long distances without losing signal strength.
In [medicine](medical), laser beams cam treat damaged tissue in a fraction of a second without
[harming](harm) healthy tissue.
6.

Find collocations among the given words:

amplify light
solid state
laser beams
signal strength
compact disc
drilling diamonds
7.

Complete the following text with most suitable words:

Lasers are devices which [amplify] light and produce [beams] of light which are very intense,
directional, and [pure] in colour. They can be solid state, gas, semiconductor or [liquid].

In engineering, powerful laser [beams] can be focused on a small area. These beams can heat,
melt, or vaporize material in a very precise way. They can be used for [drilling] diamonds,
[cutting] complex shapes in materials from plastic to steel, for spot welding and for surfacing

techniques, such as hardening aircraft engine turbine blades. Laser beams can also be used to
measure and align structures.

INTERMEDIATE 1

The need for speed

Technology changes at a rapid pace and so do Internet connection speeds. As technology grows, so does
our need for bigger, better and faster Internet connections. Over the years the way content is presented
via the Web has also changed drastically. Ten years ago being able to center, bold, and produce text in
different colors on a webpage was something to admire. Today, Flash, animations, online gaming,
streaming video, database-driven websites, ecommerce and mobile applications are standards.
The need for speed has changed the options available to consumers and businesses alike in terms of
how and how fast we can connect to the Internet. The connection speeds listed below represent a
snapshot of general average to maximum speeds at the time of publication. This is no doubt will change
over time and Internet connection speeds also vary between Internet Service Providers (ISP).

Analog: Dial-up Internet Access , Integrated Services

Digital Network and Broadband ISDN
Analog: Dial-up Internet Access
Also called dial-up access, an analog Internet connection is both economical and slow.
Using a modem connected to your PC, users connect to the Internet when the
computer dials a phone number (which is provided by your ISP) and connects to the
network. Dial-up is an analog connection because data is sent over an analog, publicswitched telephone network. The modem converts received analog data to digital and
vice versa. Because dial-up access uses normal telephone lines the quality of the

connection is not always good and data rates are limited. Typical Dial-up connection
speeds range from 2400 bps to 56 Kbps. Today, analog has been widely replaced by
broadband (Cable and DSL).

SDN - Integrated Services Digital Network

Integrated services digital network (ISDN) is an international communications standard
for sending voice, video, and data over digital telephone lines or normal telephone
wires. Typical ISDN speeds range from 64 Kbps to 128 Kbps.

B-ISDN - Broadband ISDN

Broadband ISDN is similar in function to ISDN but it transfers data over fiber optic telephone lines, not
normal telephone wires. SONET is the physical transport backbone of B-ISDN. Broadband ISDN has not
been widely implemented.

DSL Connections
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADSL is the most commonly deployed types of DSL in North America. Short for asymmetric digital
subscriber line ADSL supports data rates of from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data (known as the
downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data (known as the upstream rate). ADSL
requires a special ADSL modem.

SDSL - Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Short for symmetric digital subscriber line, SDSL is a technology that allows more data to be sent over
existing copper telephone lines (POTS). SDSL supports data rates up to 3 Mbps. SDSL works by sending
digital pulses in the high-frequency area of telephone wires and cannot operate simultaneously with
voice connections over the same wires. SDSL requires a special SDSL modem. SDSL is called symmetric
because it supports the same data rates for upstream and downstream traffic.

VDSL - Very High DSL

Very High DSL (VDSL) is a DSL technology that offers fast data rates over relatively short distances
the shorter the distance, the faster the connection rate.

Cable and wireless Internet connections

Cable - Broadband Internet Connection

Through the use of a cable modem you can have a broadband Internet connection that is designed to
operate over cable TV lines. Cable Internet works by using TV channel space for data transmission, with
certain channels used for downstream transmission, and other channels for upstream transmission.
Because the coaxial cable used by cable TV provides much greater bandwidth than telephone lines, a
cable modem can be used to achieve extremely fast access. Cable providers typically implement a cap
to limit capacity and accommodate more customers. Cable speeds range from 512 Kbps to 20 Mbps.

Wireless Internet Connections

Wireless Internet, or wireless broadband is one of the newest Internet connection types. Instead of
using telephone or cable networks for your Internet connection, you use radio frequency bands.
Wireless Internet provides an always-on connection which can be accessed from anywhere as long as
you geographically within a network coverage area. Wireless access is still considered to be relatively
new, and it may be difficult to find a wireless service provider in some areas. It is typically more
expensive and mainly available in metropolitan areas.

Intermediate test1
1.

Decide whether the following statements are true ( T)

or false ( F)

Flash, animations, online gaming, streaming video, database-driven websites,

ecommerce and mobile applications were standards ten years ago. {:MCH:T~=F}
An analog internet connection is both economical and slow. {:MCH:=T~F}
The modem only converts received analog data to digital, not vice
versa. {:MCH:T~=F}
Integrated services digital network is an international communications standard for
sending voice, video, and data over digital telephone lines or normal telephone
wires. {:MCH:=T~F}
Asymmetric digital subscriber line supports the same data rates for upstream and
downstream traffic. {:MCH:T~=F}

Through the use of a cable modem you can have a broadband Internet connection that
is designed to operate over cable TV lines. {:MCH:=T~F}
Wireless Internet uses cable networks for Internet connection. {:MCH:T~=F}
2.

Complete the following text with most suitable words:

Technology changes at a rapid [pace] and so do Internet [connection]
speeds. As technology grows, so does our need for bigger, better and faster
Internet connections. Over the years the way content is [presented] via
the Web has also changed drastically. Ten years ago being able to center, bold,
and produce text in different colors on a [webpage] was something to admire.
Today, Flash, animations, online gaming, streaming [video], database-driven
websites, ecommerce and mobile [applications] are standards.
The need for [speed] has changed the options available to consumers and
businesses alike in terms of how and how fast we can [connect] to the
Internet. The connection speeds listed below represent a snapshot of general
average to maximum speeds at the time of publication. This is no doubt will
change over time and Internet connection speeds also vary between [Internet
Service Providers] (ISP).

3.

In the empty space write the full phrase of following

shorts:
ISP [Internet Service Provider]
ADSL [Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line]
ISDN [Integrated Services Digital Network]
VDSL [Very High Digital Subscriber Line]

4.

Find collocations among the given words:

internet access
digital-network
phone number
online gaming
STREAMING VIDEO
connection speed

6 Through the use of a cable modem you can have a broadband Internet [connection] (connect)
that is [designed] (design) to [operate] (operation) over cable TV lines. Cable Internet works by
using TV channel [space] (spacing) for data [transmission] (transmit), with certain channels used
for downstream [transmission] (transmit), and other channels for upstream transmission. Because
the coaxial cable used by cable TV [provides] (providable) much greater bandwidth than
telephone lines, a cable modem can be used to [achieve] (achiever) extremely fast access.
Cable [providers] (provide) typically implement a cap to limit capacity and [accommodate]
(accommodable) more customers. Cable speeds range from 512 Kbps to 20 Mbps.
8 Two main type of DSL are:
1. [Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line|ADSL|Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line|SDSL]
2. [Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line|ADSL|Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line|SDSL]
9 List four from all types of Internet networks mentioned in lessons about type of Intenet (full terms):
[Dial-up Internet Access|Integrated services digital network|Broadband integrated services digital
network|Asymmetric digital subscriber line|Symmetric digital subscriber line|Very High digital subscriber
line|Cable Internet Connection|Wireless Internet Connection]

Intermediate test 2
Pitanje 3 Complete

the following text with most suitable

words:
ATA - The simplest and most common way is through the use of a device called an ATA
(analog telephone [adaptor]). The ATA allows you to [connect] a standard phone to
your [computer] or your Internet connection for use with VoIP. The ATA is an [analog]to-[digital] converter. It takes the analog signal from your traditional phone and
[converts] it into digital data for transmission over the [Internet]. Providers like
Vonage and AT&T CallVantage are bundling ATAs free with their service. You simply
crack the ATA out of the box, plug the cable from your [phone] that would normally go
in the wall socket into the ATA, and you're ready to make [VoIP] calls. Some ATAs may
ship with additional software that is loaded onto the host computer to configure it;
but in any case, it's a very straightforward setup.

Pitanje 5 Read

the text and complete it with the derivative

words from the words given in brackets:
What Kind of Equipment Do I Need?

A broadband (high speed Internet) [connection](connect) is required. This can be

through a cable modem, or high speed [services](server) such as DSL or a local area
network. A computer, [adaptor](adapt), or specialized phone is required. Some VoIP
services only work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, while other services
allow you to use a [traditional] (tradition) phone [connected](connection) to a VoIP
adapter. If you use your computer, you will need some software and an inexpensive
microphone. Special VoIP phones [plug](plugged) directly into your broadband
connection and [operate](operation) largely like a traditional telephone. If you use a
telephone with a VoIP adapter, you'll be able to dial just as you always have, and the
service provider may also provide a dial tone.
Pitanje 7 In

the empty space write the full phrase of following

shorts:
ATA [Analogue telephone adaptor]

IP [Internet protocol]
VoIP [Voice over internet protocol]
Intermediate Test 3
Pitanje 1 Which

are two components of silica glass fibre?

1. [core|cladding]
2. [core|cladding]
pitanje 2 Three

main types of of fibre are:

1. [stepped-index monomode|stepped-index multimode|graded-index monomode]

Pitanje 4

Which are two types of light sources?

1. [LEDs|Light-emiting sources|lasers]
pitanje 5 Which

are two types of photodetectors?

1. [silicon pin photodiode|silicon avalanche photodiode]

Complete the following text with most suitable words

pitanje 8 Although ordinary glass can only support effective light [transmission] for a
few tens of metres, optical [fibres], which are made of pure glass, can [carry] light
signals for up to 50km without [amplification]. Silica glass fibre has two componentsthe highly transparent 'core' at the centre and the opaque [surrounding] called
'cladding'. Three main types of fibre are possible:stepped-index [monomode],
stepped-index multimode and graded-index monomode. Stepped-index fibres proceed
from [transparency] to opaqueness in straight, defined bands while graded-index
fibres go progressively from transparency to [opaqueness]. Monomode fibre has a vary
narrow core-such a fibre ca support just one 'guided electromagnetic mode'. In a
multimode fibre, up to 500 light rays, each of slightly different [wavelenghths] pass
through.

Uper test 2

Complete the following text with most suitable words:

Pitanje 1 The topic of "which is better and faster" has been a highly debated topic.
Historically, DSL [speeds] have been slower but new technology lessons the speed
[gap] between DSL and [Cable] Internet. DSL offers users a choice of speeds ranging
from 128 Kbps to 3 Mbps. Cable modem download speeds are typically up to 2 times
faster than [DSL]. The important thing to note about cable Internet [connections] is
that cable technology is based on shared [bandwidth] with many factors influencing a
users [download] speed. With shared bandwidth the [speed] fluctuates [depending] on
the number of [subscribers] on the network

pitanje 4 In the empty space write the full phrase of

following shorts:
1. ISP [Internet Service Provider]
2. POTS [Plain old telephone service]
3. HDSL [High-data-rate DSL]
4. VDSL [Very high DSL]
5. DSL [Digital Subscriber Line]

Read the text and complete it with the derivative

words from the words given in brackets
pitanje 5

SDSL is still more common in Europe. Short for symmetric digital [subscriber](subscribe) line, a
technology that allows more data to be sent over [existing](exist) copper telephone lines (POTS). SDSL
[supports}(supportable) data rates up to 3 Mbps. SDSL [works](worker) by sending digital pulses in the
high-frequency area of telephone wires and can not [operate](operation) simultaneously with voice
[connections](connect) over the same wires. SDSL requires a special SDSL modem. SDSL is called
symmetric because it [supports](supporting) the same data rates for upstream and downstream traffic.
Two other types of DSL technologies are High-data-rate DSL (HDSL) and Very high DSL (VDSL). VDSL
offers fast data rates over relatively short distances - the shorter the distance, the faster the connection
rate. Collectively, all types of DSL are referred to as xDSL.
Upper test 3
pitanje 1 Three main types of malicious software are:
1. [viruses|Trojan horses|worms]

Read the text and complete it with the derivative

words from the words given in brackets
pitanje 4

A computer virus is a [program](programing) that is loaded on your computer without your knowledge and
[runs](runner) without your permission. A virus is [designed](designer) to reproduce itself through

legitimate [processes](processing) in computer programs and operating systems; therefore, a virus

requires a host in order to replicate. Viruses are often capable of [mutating](mutant) or changing while
they are replicating themselves. This is one reason why [fighting](fighter) viruses can be extremely
difficult. Computer viruses are called viruses because they share [characteristics](character) with their
biological counterparts. At the most basic level, computer viruses are [passed](passing) from computer to
computer like a biological virus passes from person to person. There are [similarities](similar) at a deeper
level, as well. Like biological viruses, computer viruses are small, they replicate, making many copies of
themselves and they must inject themselves into a host in order to [survive](surviver). Viruses are written
to alter the behavior of a program or [operating](operator) system without the knowledge of computer
users. For instance, a virus can attach itself to a word processing program without the knowledge of the
user. Once attached, each time the word processing program runs, the virus executes as well.

Complete the following text with the most suitable

words
Pitanje 5

A computer virus is a [program] that is loaded on your computer without your

[knowledge] and runs without your [permission]. A virus is designed to reproduce itself
through legitimate [processes] in computer programs and [operating] systems;
therefore, a virus requires a host in order to [replicate]. Viruses are often capable of
[mutating] or changing while they are replicating themselves. This is one reason why
[fighting] viruses can be extremely [difficult]. Computer viruses are called viruses
because they share characteristics with their biological [counterparts]. At the most
basic level, computer viruses are passed from [computer] to computer like a
biological [virus] passes from person to person. There are similarities at a deeper
level, as well. Like [biological] viruses, computer viruses are small, they replicate,
making many [copies] of themselves and they must inject themselves into a host in
order to survive. [Viruses] are written to alter the behavior of a program or operating
system without the knowledge of computer users. For instance, a virus can attach
itself to a word [processing] program without the knowledge of the user.
Pitanje 7 Which are two phases of computer viruses?
1. [infection|infection phase|attack|attack phase]