Appendix Tables

A-1
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-2

Appendix Tables

Table A.1

Cumulative Binomial Probabilities

g b(y; n, p)
x

B(x; n, p) 5

a. n ! 5

y50

0
1
2
3
4

0.01

0.05

0.10

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.90

0.95

0.99

.951
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000

.774
.977
.999
1.000
1.000

.590
.919
.991
1.000
1.000

.328
.737
.942
.993
1.000

.237
.633
.896
.984
.999

.168
.528
.837
.969
.998

.078
.337
.683
.913
.990

.031
.188
.500
.812
.969

.010
.087
.317
.663
.922

.002
.031
.163
.472
.832

.001
.016
.104
.367
.763

.000
.007
.058
.263
.672

.000
.000
.009
.081
.410

.000
.000
.001
.023
.226

.000
.000
.000
.001
.049

b. n ! 10
p

0.01

0.05

0.10

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.90

0.95

0.99

0
1
2
3
4

.904
.996
1.000
1.000
1.000

.599
.914
.988
.999
1.000

.349
.736
.930
.987
.998

.107
.376
.678
.879
.967

.056
.244
.526
.776
.922

.028
.149
.383
.650
.850

.006
.046
.167
.382
.633

.001
.011
.055
.172
.377

.000
.002
.012
.055
.166

.000
.000
.002
.011
.047

.000
.000
.000
.004
.020

.000
.000
.000
.001
.006

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

5
6
7
8
9

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.994
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000

.980
.996
1.000
1.000
1.000

.953
.989
.998
1.000
1.000

.834
.945
.988
.998
1.000

.623
.828
.945
.989
.999

.367
.618
.833
.954
.994

.150
.350
.617
.851
.972

.078
.224
.474
.756
.944

.033
.121
.322
.624
.893

.002
.013
.070
.264
.651

.000
.001
.012
.086
.401

.000
.000
.000
.004
.096

c. n ! 15
p

0.01

0.05

0.10

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.90

0.95

0.99

0
1
2
3
4

.860
.990
1.000
1.000
1.000

.463
.829
.964
.995
.999

.206
.549
.816
.944
.987

.035
.167
.398
.648
.836

.013
.080
.236
.461
.686

.005
.035
.127
.297
.515

.000
.005
.027
.091
.217

.000
.000
.004
.018
.059

.000
.000
.000
.002
.009

.000
.000
.000
.000
.001

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

5
6
7
8
9

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.998
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.939
.982
.996
.999
1.000

.852
.943
.983
.996
.999

.722
.869
.950
.985
.996

.403
.610
.787
.905
.966

.151
.304
.500
.696
.849

.034
.095
.213
.390
.597

.004
.015
.050
.131
.278

.001
.004
.017
.057
.148

.000
.001
.004
.018
.061

.000
.000
.000
.000
.002

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

10
11
12
13
14

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.991
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000

.941
.982
.996
1.000
1.000

.783
.909
.973
.995
1.000

.485
.703
.873
.965
.995

.314
.539
.764
.920
.987

.164
.352
.602
.833
.965

.013
.056
.184
.451
.794

.001
.005
.036
.171
.537

.000
.000
.000
.010
.140

(continued )

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.1

Cumulative Binomial Probabilities (cont.)

A-3

g b(y; n, p)
x

B(x; n, p) 5

y50

d. n ! 20
p

0.01

0.05

0.10

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.90

0.95

0.99

0
1
2
3
4

.818
.983
.999
1.000
1.000

.358
.736
.925
.984
.997

.122
.392
.677
.867
.957

.012
.069
.206
.411
.630

.003
.024
.091
.225
.415

.001
.008
.035
.107
.238

.000
.001
.004
.016
.051

.000
.000
.000
.001
.006

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

5
6
7
8
9

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.989
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000

.804
.913
.968
.990
.997

.617
.786
.898
.959
.986

.416
.608
.772
.887
.952

.126
.250
.416
.596
.755

.021
.058
.132
.252
.412

.002
.006
.021
.057
.128

.000
.000
.001
.005
.017

.000
.000
.000
.001
.004

.000
.000
.000
.000
.001

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

10
11
12
13
14

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.996
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000

.983
.995
.999
1.000
1.000

.872
.943
.979
.994
.998

.588
.748
.868
.942
.979

.245
.404
.584
.750
.874

.048
.113
.228
.392
.584

.014
.041
.102
.214
.383

.003
.010
.032
.087
.196

.000
.000
.000
.002
.011

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

15
16
17
18
19

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.994
.999
1.000
1.000
1.000

.949
.984
.996
.999
1.000

.762
.893
.965
.992
.999

.585
.775
.909
.976
.997

.370
.589
.794
.931
.988

.043
.133
.323
.608
.878

.003
.016
.075
.264
.642

.000
.000
.001
.017
.182

(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-4

Appendix Tables

Table A.1

Cumulative Binomial Probabilities (cont.)

g b(y; n, p)
x

B(x; n, p) 5

y50

e. n ! 25
p

0.01

0.05

0.10

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.90

0.95

0.99

0
1
2
3
4

.778
.974
.998
1.000
1.000

.277
.642
.873
.966
.993

.072
.271
.537
.764
.902

.004
.027
.098
.234
.421

.001
.007
.032
.096
.214

.000
.002
.009
.033
.090

.000
.000
.000
.002
.009

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

5
6
7
8
9

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.967
.991
.998
1.000
1.000

.617
.780
.891
.953
.983

.378
.561
.727
.851
.929

.193
.341
.512
.677
.811

.029
.074
.154
.274
.425

.002
.007
.022
.054
.115

.000
.000
.001
.004
.013

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

10
11
12
13
14

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.994
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000

.970
.980
.997
.999
1.000

.902
.956
.983
.994
.998

.586
.732
.846
.922
.966

.212
.345
.500
.655
.788

.034
.078
.154
.268
.414

.002
.006
.017
.044
.098

.000
.001
.003
.020
.030

.000
.000
.000
.002
.006

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

15
16
17
18
19

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.987
.996
.999
1.000
1.000

.885
.946
.978
.993
.998

.575
.726
.846
.926
.971

.189
.323
.488
.659
.807

.071
.149
.273
.439
.622

.017
.047
.109
.220
.383

.000
.000
.002
.009
.033

.000
.000
.000
.000
.001

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

20
21
22
23
24

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.991
.998
1.000
1.000
1.000

.910
.967
.991
.998
1.000

.786
.904
.968
.993
.999

.579
.766
.902
.973
.996

.098
.236
.463
.729
.928

.007
.034
.127
.358
.723

.000
.000
.002
.026
.222

e2m my

Table A.2 Cumulative Poisson Probabilities

F(x; m) 5

y50

y!

0
1
2
3
4
5
6

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

.9

1.0

.905
.995
1.000

.819
.982
.999
1.000

.741
.963
.996
1.000

.670
.938
.992
.999
1.000

.607
.910
.986
.998
1.000

.549
.878
.977
.997
1.000

.497
.844
.966
.994
.999
1.000

.449
.809
.953
.991
.999
1.000

.407
.772
.937
.987
.998
1.000

.368
.736
.920
.981
.996
.999
1.000
(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-5

Appendix Tables

Table A.2

Cumulative Poisson Probabilities (cont.)

e2mmy
y!
y50
x

F(x; m) 5
!

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

0
1
2
3
4

.135
.406
.677
.857
.947

.050
.199
.423
.647
.815

.018
.092
.238
.433
.629

.007
.040
.125
.265
.440

.002
.017
.062
.151
.285

.001
.007
.030
.082
.173

.000
.003
.014
.042
.100

.000
.001
.006
.021
.055

.000
.000
.003
.010
.029

.000
.000
.000
.000
.001

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

5
6
7
8
9

.983
.995
.999
1.000

.916
.966
.988
.996
.999

.785
.889
.949
.979
.992

.616
.762
.867
.932
.968

.446
.606
.744
.847
.916

.301
.450
.599
.729
.830

.191
.313
.453
.593
.717

.116
.207
.324
.456
.587

.067
.130
.220
.333
.458

.003
.008
.018
.037
.070

.000
.000
.001
.002
.005

1.000

.997
.999
1.000

.986
.995
.998
.999
1.000

.957
.980
.991
.996
.999

.901
.947
.973
.987
.994

.816
.888
.936
.966
.983

.706
.803
.876
.926
.959

.583
.697
.792
.864
.917

.118
.185
.268
.363
.466

.011
.021
.039
.066
.105

.999
1.000

.998
.999
1.000

.992
.996
.998
.999
1.000

.978
.989
.995
.998
.999

.951
.973
.986
.993
.997

.568
.664
.749
.819
.875

.157
.221
.297
.381
.470

1.000

.998
.999
1.000

.917
.947
.967
.981
.989

.559
.644
.721
.787
.843

.994
.997
.998
.999
1.000

.888
.922
.948
.966
.978

10
11
12
13
14

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

.987
.992
.995
.997
.999

35
36

.999
1.000

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-6

Appendix Tables

Table A.3

Standard Normal Curve Areas

(z) ! P(Z " z)

Standard normal density curve
Shaded area = (z)

.00

.01

.02

.03

.04

.05

.06

.07

.08

.09

!3.4
!3.3
!3.2
!3.1
!3.0

.0003
.0005
.0007
.0010
.0013

.0003
.0005
.0007
.0009
.0013

.0003
.0005
.0006
.0009
.0013

.0003
.0004
.0006
.0009
.0012

.0003
.0004
.0006
.0008
.0012

.0003
.0004
.0006
.0008
.0011

.0003
.0004
.0006
.0008
.0011

.0003
.0004
.0005
.0008
.0011

.0003
.0004
.0005
.0007
.0010

.0002
.0003
.0005
.0007
.0010

!2.9
!2.8
!2.7
!2.6
!2.5

.0019
.0026
.0035
.0047
.0062

.0018
.0025
.0034
.0045
.0060

.0017
.0024
.0033
.0044
.0059

.0017
.0023
.0032
.0043
.0057

.0016
.0023
.0031
.0041
.0055

.0016
.0022
.0030
.0040
.0054

.0015
.0021
.0029
.0039
.0052

.0015
.0021
.0028
.0038
.0051

.0014
.0020
.0027
.0037
.0049

.0014
.0019
.0026
.0036
.0038

!2.4
!2.3
!2.2
!2.1
!2.0

.0082
.0107
.0139
.0179
.0228

.0080
.0104
.0136
.0174
.0222

.0078
.0102
.0132
.0170
.0217

.0075
.0099
.0129
.0166
.0212

.0073
.0096
.0125
.0162
.0207

.0071
.0094
.0122
.0158
.0202

.0069
.0091
.0119
.0154
.0197

.0068
.0089
.0116
.0150
.0192

.0066
.0087
.0113
.0146
.0188

.0064
.0084
.0110
.0143
.0183

!1.9
!1.8
!1.7
!1.6
!1.5

.0287
.0359
.0446
.0548
.0668

.0281
.0352
.0436
.0537
.0655

.0274
.0344
.0427
.0526
.0643

.0268
.0336
.0418
.0516
.0630

.0262
.0329
.0409
.0505
.0618

.0256
.0322
.0401
.0495
.0606

.0250
.0314
.0392
.0485
.0594

.0244
.0307
.0384
.0475
.0582

.0239
.0301
.0375
.0465
.0571

.0233
.0294
.0367
.0455
.0559

!1.4
!1.3
!1.2
!1.1
!1.0

.0808
.0968
.1151
.1357
.1587

.0793
.0951
.1131
.1335
.1562

.0778
.0934
.1112
.1314
.1539

.0764
.0918
.1093
.1292
.1515

.0749
.0901
.1075
.1271
.1492

.0735
.0885
.1056
.1251
.1469

.0722
.0869
.1038
.1230
.1446

.0708
.0853
.1020
.1210
.1423

.0694
.0838
.1003
.1190
.1401

.0681
.0823
.0985
.1170
.1379

!0.9
!0.8
!0.7
!0.6
!0.5

.1841
.2119
.2420
.2743
.3085

.1814
.2090
.2389
.2709
.3050

.1788
.2061
.2358
.2676
.3015

.1762
.2033
.2327
.2643
.2981

.1736
.2005
.2296
.2611
.2946

.1711
.1977
.2266
.2578
.2912

.1685
.1949
.2236
.2546
.2877

.1660
.1922
.2206
.2514
.2843

.1635
.1894
.2177
.2483
.2810

.1611
.1867
.2148
.2451
.2776

!0.4
!0.3
!0.2
!0.1
!0.0

.3446
.3821
.4207
.4602
.5000

.3409
.3783
.4168
.4562
.4960

.3372
.3745
.4129
.4522
.4920

.3336
.3707
.4090
.4483
.4880

.3300
.3669
.4052
.4443
.4840

.3264
.3632
.4013
.4404
.4801

.3228
.3594
.3974
.4364
.4761

.3192
.3557
.3936
.4325
.4721

.3156
.3520
.3897
.4286
.4681

.3121
.3482
.3859
.4247
.4641
(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.3 Standard Normal Curve Areas (cont.)

A-7

"(z) 5 P(Z # z)

.00

.01

.02

.03

.04

.05

.06

.07

.08

.09

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

.5000
.5398
.5793
.6179
.6554

.5040
.5438
.5832
.6217
.6591

.5080
.5478
.5871
.6255
.6628

.5120
.5517
.5910
.6293
.6664

.5160
.5557
.5948
.6331
.6700

.5199
.5596
.5987
.6368
.6736

.5239
.5636
.6026
.6406
.6772

.5279
.5675
.6064
.6443
.6808

.5319
.5714
.6103
.6480
.6844

.5359
.5753
.6141
.6517
.6879

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

.6915
.7257
.7580
.7881
.8159

.6950
.7291
.7611
.7910
.8186

.6985
.7324
.7642
.7939
.8212

.7019
.7357
.7673
.7967
.8238

.7054
.7389
.7704
.7995
.8264

.7088
.7422
.7734
.8023
.8289

.7123
.7454
.7764
.8051
.8315

.7157
.7486
.7794
.8078
.8340

.7190
.7517
.7823
.8106
.8365

.7224
.7549
.7852
.8133
.8389

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

.8413
.8643
.8849
.9032
.9192

.8438
.8665
.8869
.9049
.9207

.8461
.8686
.8888
.9066
.9222

.8485
.8708
.8907
.9082
.9236

.8508
.8729
.8925
.9099
.9251

.8531
.8749
.8944
.9115
.9265

.8554
.8770
.8962
.9131
.9278

.8577
.8790
.8980
.9147
.9292

.8599
.8810
.8997
.9162
.9306

.8621
.8830
.9015
.9177
.9319

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

.9332
.9452
.9554
.9641
.9713

.9345
.9463
.9564
.9649
.9719

.9357
.9474
.9573
.9656
.9726

.9370
.9484
.9582
.9664
.9732

.9382
.9495
.9591
.9671
.9738

.9394
.9505
.9599
.9678
.9744

.9406
.9515
.9608
.9686
.9750

.9418
.9525
.9616
.9693
.9756

.9429
.9535
.9625
.9699
.9761

.9441
.9545
.9633
.9706
.9767

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

.9772
.9821
.9861
.9893
.9918

.9778
.9826
.9864
.9896
.9920

.9783
.9830
.9868
.9898
.9922

.9788
.9834
.9871
.9901
.9925

.9793
.9838
.9875
.9904
.9927

.9798
.9842
.9878
.9906
.9929

.9803
.9846
.9881
.9909
.9931

.9808
.9850
.9884
.9911
.9932

.9812
.9854
.9887
.9913
.9934

.9817
.9857
.9890
.9916
.9936

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

.9938
.9953
.9965
.9974
.9981

.9940
.9955
.9966
.9975
.9982

.9941
.9956
.9967
.9976
.9982

.9943
.9957
.9968
.9977
.9983

.9945
.9959
.9969
.9977
.9984

.9946
.9960
.9970
.9978
.9984

.9948
.9961
.9971
.9979
.9985

.9949
.9962
.9972
.9979
.9985

.9951
.9963
.9973
.9980
.9986

.9952
.9964
.9974
.9981
.9986

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

.9987
.9990
.9993
.9995
.9997

.9987
.9991
.9993
.9995
.9997

.9987
.9991
.9994
.9995
.9997

.9988
.9991
.9994
.9996
.9997

.9988
.9992
.9994
.9996
.9997

.9989
.9992
.9994
.9996
.9997

.9989
.9992
.9994
.9996
.9997

.9989
.9992
.9995
.9996
.9997

.9990
.9993
.9995
.9996
.9997

.9990
.9993
.9995
.9997
.9998

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-8

Appendix Tables

Table A.4

The Incomplete Gamma Function

1 a21 2y
y
e dy
#(a)
0

F(x; a) 5 !

x"

10

1
2
3
4

.632
.865
.950
.982

.264
.594
.801
.908

.080
.323
.577
.762

.019
.143
.353
.567

.004
.053
.185
.371

.001
.017
.084
.215

.000
.005
.034
.111

.000
.001
.012
.051

.000
.000
.004
.021

.000
.000
.001
.008

5
6
7
8
9

.993
.998
.999
1.000

.960
.983
.993
.997
.999

.875
.938
.970
.986
.994

.735
.849
.918
.958
.979

.560
.715
.827
.900
.945

.384
.554
.699
.809
.884

.238
.394
.550
.687
.793

.133
.256
.401
.547
.676

.068
.153
.271
.407
.544

.032
.084
.170
.283
.413

1.000

.997
.999
1.000

.990
.995
.998
.999
1.000

.971
.985
.992
.996
.998

.933
.962
.980
.989
.994

.870
.921
.954
.974
.986

.780
.857
.911
.946
.968

.667
.768
.845
.900
.938

.542
.659
.758
.834
.891

.999

.997

.992

.982

.963

.930

10
11
12
13
14
15

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-9

Appendix Tables

Table A.5 Critical Values for t Distributions

t# density curve

Shaded area = $
0

t$,#

"
v

.10

.05

.025

.01

.005

.001

.0005

1
2
3
4

3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132

12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776

31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747

63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604

318.31
22.326
10.213
7.173

636.62
31.598
12.924
8.610

5
6
7
8
9

1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383

2.015
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833

2.571
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262

3.365
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821

4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250

5.893
5.208
4.785
4.501
4.297

6.869
5.959
5.408
5.041
4.781

10
11
12
13
14

1.372
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345

1.812
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761

2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145

2.764
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624

3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977

4.144
4.025
3.930
3.852
3.787

4.587
4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140

15
16
17
18
19

1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328

1.753
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729

2.131
2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093

2.602
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539

2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861

3.733
3.686
3.646
3.610
3.579

4.073
4.015
3.965
3.922
3.883

20
21
22
23
24

1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318

1.725
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711

2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064

2.528
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492

2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797

3.552
3.527
3.505
3.485
3.467

3.850
3.819
3.792
3.767
3.745

25
26
27
28
29

1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311

1.708
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699

2.060
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045

2.485
2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462

2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756

3.450
3.435
3.421
3.408
3.396

3.725
3.707
3.690
3.674
3.659

30
32
34
36
38

1.310
1.309
1.307
1.306
1.304

1.697
1.694
1.691
1.688
1.686

2.042
2.037
2.032
2.028
2.024

2.457
2.449
2.441
2.434
2.429

2.750
2.738
2.728
2.719
2.712

3.385
3.365
3.348
3.333
3.319

3.646
3.622
3.601
3.582
3.566

40
50
60
120

1.303
1.299
1.296
1.289
1.282

1.684
1.676
1.671
1.658
1.645

2.021
2.009
2.000
1.980
1.960

2.423
2.403
2.390
2.358
2.326

2.704
2.678
2.660
2.617
2.576

3.307
3.262
3.232
3.160
3.090

3.551
3.496
3.460
3.373
3.291

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

32.019
8.380
5.369
4.275
3.712
3.369
3.136
2.967
2.839
2.737
2.655
2.587
2.529
2.480
2.437
2.400
2.366
2.337
2.310
2.208
2.140
2.090
2.052
2.021
1.996
1.958
1.929
1.907
1.889
1.874
1.825
1.798
1.780
1.767
1.645

37.674
9.916
6.370
5.079
4.414
4.007
3.732
3.532
3.379
3.259
3.162
3.081
3.012
2.954
2.903
2.858
2.819
2.784
2.752
2.631
2.549
2.490
2.445
2.408
2.379
2.333
2.299
2.272
2.251
2.233
2.175
2.143
2.121
2.106
1.960

! 95%

% of Population Captured ! 90%

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Sample Size n 17
18
19
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200
250
300
"

95%

48.430
12.861
8.299
6.634
5.775
5.248
4.891
4.631
4.433
4.277
4.150
4.044
3.955
3.878
3.812
3.754
3.702
3.656
3.615
3.457
3.350
3.272
3.213
3.165
3.126
3.066
3.021
2.986
2.958
2.934
2.859
2.816
2.788
2.767
2.576

! 99%
160.193
18.930
9.398
6.612
5.337
4.613
4.147
3.822
3.582
3.397
3.250
3.130
3.029
2.945
2.872
2.808
2.753
2.703
2.659
2.494
2.385
2.306
2.247
2.200
2.162
2.103
2.060
2.026
1.999
1.977
1.905
1.865
1.839
1.820
1.645

! 90%

Two-sided Intervals

188.491
22.401
11.150
7.855
6.345
5.488
4.936
4.550
4.265
4.045
3.870
3.727
3.608
3.507
3.421
3.345
3.279
3.221
3.168
2.972
2.841
2.748
2.677
2.621
2.576
2.506
2.454
2.414
2.382
2.355
2.270
2.222
2.191
2.169
1.960

! 95%

99%

242.300
29.055
14.527
10.260
8.301
7.187
6.468
5.966
5.594
5.308
5.079
4.893
4.737
4.605
4.492
4.393
4.307
4.230
4.161
3.904
3.733
3.611
3.518
3.444
3.385
3.293
3.225
3.173
3.130
3.096
2.983
2.921
2.880
2.850
2.576

! 99%

Tolerance Critical Values for Normal Population Distributions

Confidence Level

Table A.6

20.581
6.156
4.162
3.407
3.006
2.756
2.582
2.454
2.355
2.275
2.210
2.155
2.109
2.068
2.033
2.002
1.974
1.949
1.926
1.838
1.777
1.732
1.697
1.669
1.646
1.609
1.581
1.559
1.542
1.527
1.478
1.450
1.431
1.417
1.282

! 90%
26.260
7.656
5.144
4.203
3.708
3.400
3.187
3.031
2.911
2.815
2.736
2.671
2.615
2.566
2.524
2.486
2.453
2.423
2.396
2.292
2.220
2.167
2.126
2.092
2.065
2.022
1.990
1.965
1.944
1.927
1.870
1.837
1.815
1.800
1.645

! 95%

95%

37.094
10.553
7.042
5.741
5.062
4.642
4.354
4.143
3.981
3.852
3.747
3.659
3.585
3.520
3.464
3.414
3.370
3.331
3.295
3.158
3.064
2.995
2.941
2.898
2.863
2.807
2.765
2.733
2.706
2.684
2.611
2.570
2.542
2.522
2.326

! 99%
103.029
13.995
7.380
5.362
4.411
3.859
3.497
3.241
3.048
2.898
2.777
2.677
2.593
2.522
2.460
2.405
2.357
2.314
2.276
2.129
2.030
1.957
1.902
1.857
1.821
1.764
1.722
1.688
1.661
1.639
1.566
1.524
1.496
1.476
1.282

! 90%

One-sided Intervals

131.426
17.370
9.083
6.578
5.406
4.728
4.285
3.972
3.738
3.556
3.410
3.290
3.189
3.102
3.028
2.963
2.905
2.854
2.808
2.633
2.516
2.430
2.364
2.312
2.269
2.202
2.153
2.114
2.082
2.056
1.971
1.923
1.891
1.868
1.645

! 95%

99%

185.617
23.896
12.387
8.939
7.335
6.412
5.812
5.389
5.074
4.829
4.633
4.472
4.337
4.222
4.123
4.037
3.960
3.892
3.832
3.601
3.447
3.334
3.249
3.180
3.125
3.038
2.974
2.924
2.883
2.850
2.741
2.679
2.638
2.608
2.326

! 99%

A-10
Appendix Tables

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

Appendix Tables

Table A.7

Critical Values for Chi-Squared Distributions

A-11

%#2 density curve

Shaded area =

2
% ,#

"
#

.995

.99

.975

.95

.90

.10

.05

.025

.01

.005

1
2
3
4
5

0.000
0.010
0.072
0.207
0.412

0.000
0.020
0.115
0.297
0.554

0.001
0.051
0.216
0.484
0.831

0.004
0.103
0.352
0.711
1.145

0.016
0.211
0.584
1.064
1.610

2.706
4.605
6.251
7.779
9.236

3.843
5.992
7.815
9.488
11.070

5.025
7.378
9.348
11.143
12.832

6.637
9.210
11.344
13.277
15.085

7.882
10.597
12.837
14.860
16.748

6
7
8
9
10

0.676
0.989
1.344
1.735
2.156

0.872
1.239
1.646
2.088
2.558

1.237
1.690
2.180
2.700
3.247

1.635
2.167
2.733
3.325
3.940

2.204
2.833
3.490
4.168
4.865

10.645
12.017
13.362
14.684
15.987

12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307

14.440
16.012
17.534
19.022
20.483

16.812
18.474
20.090
21.665
23.209

18.548
20.276
21.954
23.587
25.188

11
12
13
14
15

2.603
3.074
3.565
4.075
4.600

3.053
3.571
4.107
4.660
5.229

3.816
4.404
5.009
5.629
6.262

4.575
5.226
5.892
6.571
7.261

5.578
6.304
7.041
7.790
8.547

17.275
18.549
19.812
21.064
22.307

19.675
21.026
22.362
23.685
24.996

21.920
23.337
24.735
26.119
27.488

24.724
26.217
27.687
29.141
30.577

26.755
28.300
29.817
31.319
32.799

16
17
18
19
20

5.142
5.697
6.265
6.843
7.434

5.812
6.407
7.015
7.632
8.260

6.908
7.564
8.231
8.906
9.591

7.962
8.682
9.390
10.117
10.851

9.312
10.085
10.865
11.651
12.443

23.542
24.769
25.989
27.203
28.412

26.296
27.587
28.869
30.143
31.410

28.845
30.190
31.526
32.852
34.170

32.000
33.408
34.805
36.190
37.566

34.267
35.716
37.156
38.580
39.997

21
22
23
24
25

8.033
8.643
9.260
9.886
10.519

8.897
9.542
10.195
10.856
11.523

10.283
10.982
11.688
12.401
13.120

11.591
12.338
13.090
13.848
14.611

13.240
14.042
14.848
15.659
16.473

29.615
30.813
32.007
33.196
34.381

32.670
33.924
35.172
36.415
37.652

35.478
36.781
38.075
39.364
40.646

38.930
40.289
41.637
42.980
44.313

41.399
42.796
44.179
45.558
46.925

26
27
28
29
30

11.160
11.807
12.461
13.120
13.787

12.198
12.878
13.565
14.256
14.954

13.844
14.573
15.308
16.147
16.791

15.379
16.151
16.928
17.708
18.493

17.292
18.114
18.939
19.768
20.599

35.563
36.741
37.916
39.087
40.256

38.885
40.113
41.337
42.557
43.773

41.923
43.194
44.461
45.772
46.979

45.642
46.962
48.278
49.586
50.892

48.290
49.642
50.993
52.333
53.672

31
32
33
34
35

14.457
15.134
15.814
16.501
17.191

15.655
16.362
17.073
17.789
18.508

17.538
18.291
19.046
19.806
20.569

19.280
20.072
20.866
21.664
22.465

21.433
22.271
23.110
23.952
24.796

41.422
42.585
43.745
44.903
46.059

44.985
46.194
47.400
48.602
49.802

48.231
49.480
50.724
51.966
53.203

52.190
53.486
54.774
56.061
57.340

55.000
56.328
57.646
58.964
60.272

36
37
38
39
40

17.887
18.584
19.289
19.994
20.706

19.233
19.960
20.691
21.425
22.164

21.336
22.105
22.878
23.654
24.433

23.269
24.075
24.884
25.695
26.509

25.643
26.492
27.343
28.196
29.050

47.212
48.363
49.513
50.660
51.805

50.998
52.192
53.384
54.572
55.758

54.437
55.667
56.896
58.119
59.342

58.619
59.891
61.162
62.426
63.691

61.581
62.880
64.181
65.473
66.766

2
2 3
For v . 40, x2a,v ,
, va1 2
1 za
b
9v
B 9v
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-12

Appendix Tables

Table A.8

t Curve Tail Areas

t curve

Area to the
right of t
0
t

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5

.500
.468
.437
.407
.379
.352

.500
.465
.430
.396
.364
.333

.500
.463
.427
.392
.358
.326

.500
.463
.426
.390
.355
.322

.500
.462.
.425
.388
.353
.319

.500
.462
.424
.387
.352
.317

.500
.462
.424
.386
.351
.316

.500
.461
.423
.386
.350
.315

.500
.461
.423
.386
.349
.315

.500
.461
.423
.385
.349
.314

.500
.461
.423
.385
.348
.313

.500
.461
.422
.385
.348
.313

.500
.461
.422
.384
.348
.313

.500
.461
.422
.384
.347
.312

.500
.461
.422
.384
.347
.312

.500
.461
.422
.384
.347
.312

.500
.461
.422
.384
.347
.312

.500
.461
.422
.384
.347
.312

0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0

.328
.306
.285
.267
.250

.305
.278
.254
.232
.211

.295
.267
.241
.217
.196

.290
.261
.234
.210
.187

.287
.258
.230
.205
.182

.285
.255
.227
.201
.178

.284
.253
.225
.199
.175

.283
.252
.223
.197
.173

.282
.251
.222
.196
.172

.281
.250
.221
.195
.170

.280
.249
.220
.194
.169

.280
.249
.220
.193
.169

.279
.248
.219
.192
.168

.279
.247
.218
.191
.167

.279
.247
.218
.191
.167

.278
.247
.218
.191
.166

.278
.247
.217
.190
.166

.278
.246
.217
.190
.165

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

.235
.221
.209
.197
.187

.193
.177
.162
.148
.136

.176
.158
.142
.128
.115

.167
.148
.132
.117
.104

.162
.142
.125
.110
.097

.157
.138
.121
.106
.092

.154
.135
.117
.102
.089

.152
.132
.115
.100
.086

.150
.130
.113
.098
.084

.149
.129
.111
.096
.082

.147
.128
.110
.095
.081

.146
.127
.109
.093
.080

.146
.126
.108
.092
.079

.144
.124
.107
.091
.077

.144
.124
.107
.091
.077

.144
.124
.106
.090
.077

.143
.123
.105
.090
.076

.143
.123
.105
.089
.075

1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0

.178
.169
.161
.154
.148

.125
.116
.107
.099
.092

.104
.094
.085
.077
.070

.092
.082
.073
.065
.058

.085
.075
.066
.058
.051

.080
.070
.061
.053
.046

.077
.065
.057
.050
.043

.074
.064
.055
.047
.040

.072
.062
.053
.045
.038

.070
.060
.051
.043
.037

.069
.059
.050
.042
.035

.068
.057
.049
.041
.034

.067
.056
.048
.040
.033

.065
.055
.046
.038
.032

.065
.055
.046
.038
.032

.065
.054
.045
.038
.031

.064
.054
.045
.037
.031

.064
.053
.044
.037
.030

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

.141
.136
.131
.126
.121

.085
.079
.074
.069
.065

.063
.058
.052
.048
.044

.052
.046
.041
.037
.033

.045
.040
.035
.031
.027

.040
.035
.031
.027
.023

.037
.032
.027
.024
.020

.034
.029
.025
.022
.018

.033
.028
.023
.020
.017

.031
.026
.022
.019
.016

.030
.025
.021
.018
.015

.029
.024
.020
.017
.014

.028
.023
.019
.016
.013

.027
.022
.018
.015
.012

.027
.022
.018
.015
.012

.026
.021
.018
.014
.012

.025
.021
.017
.014
.011

.025
.021
.017
.014
.011

2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

.117
.113
.109
.106
.102

.061
.057
.054
.051
.048

.040
.037
.034
.031
.029

.030
.027
.024
.022
.020

.024
.021
.019
.017
.015

.020
.018
.016
.014
.012

.018
.015
.013
.011
.010

.016
.014
.012
.010
.009

.014
.012
.010
.009
.007

.013
.011
.009
.008
.007

.012
.010
.009
.007
.006

.012
.010
.008
.007
.006

.011
.009
.008
.006
.005

.010
.008
.007
.005
.004

.010
.008
.007
.005
.004

.010
.008
.006
.005
.004

.009
.008
.006
.005
.004

.009
.007
.006
.005
.004

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

.099
.096
.094
.091
.089

.045
.043
.040
.038
.036

.027
.025
.023
.021
.020

.018
.016
.015
.014
.012

.013
.012
.011
.010
.009

.011
.009
.008
.007
.006

.009
.008
.007
.006
.005

.007
.006
.005
.005
.004

.006
.005
.005
.004
.003

.006
.005
.004
.003
.003

.005
.004
.004
.003
.002

.005
.004
.003
.003
.002

.004
.003
.003
.002
.002

.004
.003
.002
.002
.002

.004
.003
.002
.002
.002

.003
.003
.002
.002
.001

.003
.003
.002
.002
.001

.003
.002
.002
.002
.001

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0

.086
.084
.082
.080
.078

.035
.033
.031
.030
.029

.018
.017
.016
.015
.014

.011
.010
.010
.009
.008

.008
.007
.006
.006
.005

.006
.005
.004
.004
.004

.004
.004
.003
.003
.003

.004
.003
.003
.002
.002

.003
.002
.002
.002
.002

.002
.002
.002
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.001
.001
.001
.001

.001
.001
.001
.001
.001

.001
.001
.001
.001
.001

.001
.001
.001
.001
.001

.001
.001
.001
.001
.000

.001
.001
.001
.001
.000

(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.8

A-13

t Curve Tail Areas (cont.)

t curve

Area to the
right of t
0
t

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

35

40

60

120

`( 5 z)

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5

.500
.461
.422
.384
.347
.311

.500
.461
.422
.384
.347
.311

.500
.461
.422
.384
.347
.311

.500
.461
.422
.383
.347
.311

.500
.461
.422
.383
.346
.311

.500
.461
.422
.383
.346
.311

.500
.461
.422
.383
.346
.311

.500
.461
.422
.383
.346
.311

.500
.461
.421
.383
.346
.311

.500
.461
.421
.383
.346
.310

.500
.461
.421
.383
.346
.310

.500
.461
.421
.383
.346
.310

.500
.460
.421
.383
.346
.310

.500
.460
.421
.383
.346
.310

.500
.460
.421
.383
.345
.309

.500
.460
.421
.382
.345
.309

.500
.460
.421
.382
.345
.309

0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0

.278
.246
.217
.190
.165

.278
.246
.217
.189
.165

.278
.246
.216
.189
.164

.277
.246
.216
.189
.164

.277
.245
.216
.189
.164

.277
.245
.216
.189
.164

.277
.245
.216
.188
.163

.277
.245
.215
.188
.163

.277
.245
.215
.188
.163

.277
.245
.215
.188
.163

.277
.245
.215
.188
.163

.277
.245
.215
.188
.163

.276
.244
.215
.187
.162

.276
.244
.214
.187
.162

.275
.243
.213
.186
.161

.275
.243
.213
.185
.160

.274
.242
.212
.184
.159

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

.143
.122
.105
.089
.075

.142
.122
.104
.089
.075

.142
.122
.104
.088
.074

.142
.121
.104
.088
.074

.141
.121
.103
.087
.074

.141
.121
.103
.087
.073

.141
.121
.103
.087
.073

.141
.120
.103
.087
.073

.141
.120
.102
.086
.073

.140
.120
.102
.086
.072

.140
.120
.102
.086
.072

.140
.120
.102
.086
.072

.139
.119
.101
.085
.071

.139
.119
.101
.085
.071

.138
.117
.099
.083
.069

.137
.116
.098
.082
.068

.136
.115
.097
.081
.067

1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0

.063
.053
.044
.036
.030

.063
.052
.043
.036
.030

.062
.052
.043
.036
.029

.062
.052
.043
.035
.029

.062
.051
.042
.035
.029

.061
.051
.042
.035
.028

.061
.051
.042
.035
.028

.061
.051
.042
.034
.028

.061
.050
.042
.034
.028

.060
.050
.041
.034
.028

.060
.050
.041
.034
.027

.060
.050
.041
.034
.027

.059
.049
.040
.033
.027

.059
.048
.040
.032
.026

.057
.047
.038
.031
.025

.056
.046
.037
.030
.024

.055
.045
.036
.029
.023

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

.025
.020
.016
.013
.011

.024
.020
.016
.013
.011

.024
.020
.016
.013
.010

.024
.019
.016
.013
.010

.023
.019
.015
.012
.010

.023
.019
.015
.012
.010

.023
.019
.015
.012
.010

.023
.018
.015
.012
.010

.023
.018
.015
.012
.009

.022
.018
.015
.012
.009

.022
.018
.014
.012
.009

.022
.018
.014
.011
.009

.022
.017
.014
.011
.009

.021
.017
.013
.011
.008

.020
.016
.012
.010
.008

.019
.015
.012
.009
.007

.018
.014
.011
.008
.006

2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

.009
.007
.006
.005
.004

.009
.007
.006
.004
.004

.008
.007
.005
.004
.003

.008
.007
.005
.004
.003

.008
.006
.005
.004
.003

.008
.006
.005
.004
.003

.008
.006
.005
.004
.003

.008
.006
.005
.004
.003

.007
.006
.005
.004
.003

.007
.006
.005
.004
.003

.007
.006
.005
.004
.003

.007
.006
.004
.003
.003

.007
.005
.004
.003
.002

.007
.005
.004
.003
.002

.006
.004
.003
.003
.002

.005
.004
.003
.002
.002

.005
.003
.003
.002
.001

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

.003
.002
.002
.002
.001

.003
.002
.002
.001
.001

.003
.002
.002
.001
.001

.003
.002
.002
.001
.001

.003
.002
.002
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.002
.001
.001
.001

.002
.001
.001
.001
.001

.002
.001
.001
.001
.001

.001
.001
.001
.001
.000

.001
.001
.001
.000
.000

.001
.001
.000
.000
.000

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0

.001
.001
.001
.000
.000

.001
.001
.001
.000
.000

.001
.001
.001
.000
.000

.001
.001
.000
.000
.000

.001
.001
.000
.000
.000

.001
.001
.000
.000
.000

.001
.001
.000
.000
.000

.001
.001
.000
.000
.000

.001
.000
.000
.000
.000

.001
.000
.000
.000
.000

.001
.000
.000
.000
.000

.001
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-14

Appendix Tables

Table A.9 Critical Values for F Distributions

#2 ! denominator df

# 1 " numerator df
"

.100
.050
.010
.001

39.86
161.45
4052.20
405,284

49.50
199.50
4999.50
500,000

53.59
215.71
5403.40
540,379

55.83
224.58
5624.60
562,500

57.24
230.16
5763.60
576,405

58.20
233.99
5859.00
585,937

58.91
236.77
5928.40
592,873

59.44
238.88
5981.10
598,144

59.86
240.54
6022.50
602,284

.100
.050
.010
.001

8.53
18.51
98.50
998.50

9.00
19.00
99.00
999.00

9.16
19.16
99.17
999.17

9.24
19.25
99.25
999.25

9.29
19.30
99.30
999.30

9.33
19.33
99.33
999.33

9.35
19.35
99.36
999.36

9.37
19.37
99.37
999.37

9.38
19.38
99.39
999.39

.100
.050
.010
.001

5.54
10.13
34.12
167.03

5.46
9.55
30.82
148.50

5.39
9.28
29.46
141.11

5.34
9.12
28.71
137.10

5.31
9.01
28.24
134.58

5.28
8.94
27.91
132.85

5.27
8.89
27.67
131.58

5.25
8.85
27.49
130.62

5.24
8.81
27.35
129.86

.100
.050
.010
.001

4.54
7.71
21.20
74.14

4.32
6.94
18.00
61.25

4.19
6.59
16.69
56.18

4.11
6.39
15.98
53.44

4.05
6.26
15.52
51.71

4.01
6.16
15.21
50.53

3.98
6.09
14.98
49.66

3.95
6.04
14.80
49.00

3.94
6.00
14.66
48.47

.100
.050
.010
.001

4.06
6.61
16.26
47.18

3.78
5.79
13.27
37.12

3.62
5.41
12.06
33.20

3.52
5.19
11.39
31.09

3.45
5.05
10.97
29.75

3.40
4.95
10.67
28.83

3.37
4.88
10.46
28.16

3.34
4.82
10.29
27.65

3.32
4.77
10.16
27.24

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.78
5.99
13.75
35.51

3.46
5.14
10.92
27.00

3.29
4.76
9.78
23.70

3.18
4.53
9.15
21.92

3.11
4.39
8.75
20.80

3.05
4.28
8.47
20.03

3.01
4.21
8.26
19.46

2.98
4.15
8.10
19.03

2.96
4.10
7.98
18.69

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.59
5.59
12.25
29.25

3.26
4.74
9.55
21.69

3.07
4.35
8.45
18.77

2.96
4.12
7.85
17.20

2.88
3.97
7.46
16.21

2.83
3.87
7.19
15.52

2.78
3.79
6.99
15.02

2.75
3.73
6.84
14.63

2.72
3.68
6.72
14.33

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.46
5.32
11.26
25.41

3.11
4.46
8.65
18.49

2.92
4.07
7.59
15.83

2.81
3.84
7.01
14.39

2.73
3.69
6.63
13.48

2.67
3.58
6.37
12.86

2.62
3.50
6.18
12.40

2.59
3.44
6.03
12.05

2.56
3.39
5.91
11.77

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.36
5.12
10.56
22.86

3.01
4.26
8.02
16.39

2.81
3.86
6.99
13.90

2.69
3.63
6.42
12.56

2.61
3.48
6.06
11.71

2.55
3.37
5.80
11.13

2.51
3.29
5.61
10.70

2.47
3.23
5.47
10.37

2.44
3.18
5.35
10.11

10

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.29
4.96
10.04
21.04

2.92
4.10
7.56
14.91

2.73
3.71
6.55
12.55

2.61
3.48
5.99
11.28

2.52
3.33
5.64
10.48

2.46
3.22
5.39
9.93

2.41
3.14
5.20
9.52

2.38
3.07
5.06
9.20

2.35
3.02
4.94
8.96

11

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.23
4.84
9.65
19.69

2.86
3.98
7.21
13.81

2.66
3.59
6.22
11.56

2.54
3.36
5.67
10.35

2.45
3.20
5.32
9.58

2.39
3.09
5.07
9.05

2.34
3.01
4.89
8.66

2.30
2.95
4.74
8.35

2.27
2.90
4.63
8.12

12

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.18
4.75
9.33
18.64

2.81
3.89
6.93
12.97

2.61
3.49
5.95
10.80

2.48
3.26
5.41
9.63

2.39
3.11
5.06
8.89

2.33
3.00
4.82
8.38

2.28
2.91
4.64
8.00

2.24
2.85
4.50
7.71

2.21
2.80
4.39
7.48
(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.9

A-15

Critical Values for F Distributions (cont.)

#1 " numerator df

10

12

15

20

25

30

40

50

60

120

1000

60.19
241.88
6055.80
605,621

60.71
243.91
6106.30
610,668

61.22
245.95
6157.30
615,764

61.74
248.01
6208.70
620,908

62.05
249.26
6239.80
624,017

62.26
250.10
6260.60
626,099

62.53
251.14
6286.80
628,712

62.69
251.77
6302.50
630,285

62.79
252.20
6313.00
631,337

63.06
253.25
6339.40
633,972

63.30
254.19
6362.70
636,301

9.39
19.40
99.40
999.40

9.41
19.41
99.42
999.42

9.42
19.43
99.43
999.43

9.44
19.45
99.45
999.45

9.45
19.46
99.46
999.46

9.46
19.46
99.47
999.47

9.47
19.47
99.47
999.47

9.47
19.48
99.48
999.48

9.47
19.48
99.48
999.48

9.48
19.49
99.49
999.49

9.49
19.49
99.50
999.50

5.23
8.79
27.23
129.25

5.22
8.74
27.05
128.32

5.20
8.70
26.87
127.37

5.18
8.66
26.69
126.42

5.17
8.63
26.58
125.84

5.17
8.62
26.50
125.45

5.16
8.59
26.41
124.96

5.15
8.58
26.35
124.66

5.15
8.57
26.32
124.47

5.14
8.55
26.22
123.97

5.13
8.53
26.14
123.53

3.92
5.96
14.55
48.05

3.90
5.91
14.37
47.41

3.87
5.86
14.20
46.76

3.84
5.80
14.02
46.10

3.83
5.77
13.91
45.70

3.82
5.75
13.84
45.43

3.80
5.72
13.75
45.09

3.80
5.70
13.69
44.88

3.79
5.69
13.65
44.75

3.78
5.66
13.56
44.40

3.76
5.63
13.47
44.09

3.30
4.74
10.05
26.92

3.27
4.68
9.89
26.42

3.24
4.62
9.72
25.91

3.21
4.56
9.55
25.39

3.19
4.52
9.45
25.08

3.17
4.50
9.38
24.87

3.16
4.46
9.29
24.60

3.15
4.44
9.24
24.44

3.14
4.43
9.20
24.33

3.12
4.40
9.11
24.06

3.11
4.37
9.03
23.82

2.94
4.06
7.87
18.41

2.90
4.00
7.72
17.99

2.87
3.94
7.56
17.56

2.84
3.87
7.40
17.12

2.81
3.83
7.30
16.85

2.80
3.81
7.23
16.67

2.78
3.77
7.14
16.44

2.77
3.75
7.09
16.31

2.76
3.74
7.06
16.21

2.74
3.70
6.97
15.98

2.72
3.67
6.89
15.77

2.70
3.64
6.62
14.08

2.67
3.57
6.47
13.71

2.63
3.51
6.31
13.32

2.59
3.44
6.16
12.93

2.57
3.40
6.06
12.69

2.56
3.38
5.99
12.53

2.54
3.34
5.91
12.33

2.52
3.32
5.86
12.20

2.51
3.30
5.82
12.12

2.49
3.27
5.74
11.91

2.47
3.23
5.66
11.72

2.54
3.35
5.81
11.54

2.50
3.28
5.67
11.19

2.46
3.22
5.52
10.84

2.42
3.15
5.36
10.48

2.40
3.11
5.26
10.26

2.38
3.08
5.20
10.11

2.36
3.04
5.12
9.92

2.35
3.02
5.07
9.80

2.34
3.01
5.03
9.73

2.32
2.97
4.95
9.53

2.30
2.93
4.87
9.36

2.42
3.14
5.26
9.89

2.38
3.07
5.11
9.57

2.34
3.01
4.96
9.24

2.30
2.94
4.81
8.90

2.27
2.89
4.71
8.69

2.25
2.86
4.65
8.55

2.23
2.83
4.57
8.37

2.22
2.80
4.52
8.26

2.21
2.79
4.48
8.19

2.18
2.75
4.40
8.00

2.16
2.71
4.32
7.84

2.32
2.98
4.85
8.75

2.28
2.91
4.71
8.45

2.24
2.85
4.56
8.13

2.20
2.77
4.41
7.80

2.17
2.73
4.31
7.60

2.16
2.70
4.25
7.47

2.13
2.66
4.17
7.30

2.12
2.64
4.12
7.19

2.11
2.62
4.08
7.12

2.08
2.58
4.00
6.94

2.06
2.54
3.92
6.78

2.25
2.85
4.54
7.92

2.21
2.79
4.40
7.63

2.17
2.72
4.25
7.32

2.12
2.65
4.10
7.01

2.10
2.60
4.01
6.81

2.08
2.57
3.94
6.68

2.05
2.53
3.86
6.52

2.04
2.51
3.81
6.42

2.03
2.49
3.78
6.35

2.00
2.45
3.69
6.18

1.98
2.41
3.61
6.02

2.19
2.75
4.30
7.29

2.15
2.69
4.16
7.00

2.10
2.62
4.01
6.71

2.06
2.54
3.86
6.40

2.03
2.50
3.76
6.22

2.01
2.47
3.70
6.09

1.99
2.43
3.62
5.93

1.97
2.40
3.57
5.83

1.96
2.38
3.54
5.76

1.93
2.34
3.45
5.59

1.91
2.30
3.37
5.44
(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-16

Appendix Tables

Table A.9

Critical Values for F Distributions (cont.)

#2 " denominator df

#1 ! numerator df
"

13

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.14
4.67
9.07
17.82

2.76
3.81
6.70
12.31

2.56
3.41
5.74
10.21

2.43
3.18
5.21
9.07

2.35
3.03
4.86
8.35

2.28
2.92
4.62
7.86

2.23
2.83
4.44
7.49

2.20
2.77
4.30
7.21

2.16
2.71
4.19
6.98

14

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.10
4.60
8.86
17.14

2.73
3.74
6.51
11.78

2.52
3.34
5.56
9.73

2.39
3.11
5.04
8.62

2.31
2.96
4.69
7.92

2.24
2.85
4.46
7.44

2.19
2.76
4.28
7.08

2.15
2.70
4.14
6.80

2.12
2.65
4.03
6.58

15

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.07
4.54
8.68
16.59

2.70
3.68
6.36
11.34

2.49
3.29
5.42
9.34

2.36
3.06
4.89
8.25

2.27
2.90
4.56
7.57

2.21
2.79
4.32
7.09

2.16
2.71
4.14
6.74

2.12
2.64
4.00
6.47

2.09
2.59
3.89
6.26

16

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.05
4.49
8.53
16.12

2.67
3.63
6.23
10.97

2.46
3.24
5.29
9.01

2.33
3.01
4.77
7.94

2.24
2.85
4.44
7.27

2.18
2.74
4.20
6.80

2.13
2.66
4.03
6.46

2.09
2.59
3.89
6.19

2.06
2.54
3.78
5.98

17

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.03
4.45
8.40
15.72

2.64
3.59
6.11
10.66

2.44
3.20
5.19
8.73

2.31
2.96
4.67
7.68

2.22
2.81
4.34
7.02

2.15
2.70
4.10
6.56

2.10
2.61
3.93
6.22

2.06
2.55
3.79
5.96

2.03
2.49
3.68
5.75

18

.100
.050
.010
.001

3.01
4.41
8.29
15.38

2.62
3.55
6.01
10.39

2.42
3.16
5.09
8.49

2.29
2.93
4.58
7.46

2.20
2.77
4.25
6.81

2.13
2.66
4.01
6.35

2.08
2.58
3.84
6.02

2.04
2.51
3.71
5.76

2.00
2.46
3.60
5.56

19

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.99
4.38
8.18
15.08

2.61
3.52
5.93
10.16

2.40
3.13
5.01
8.28

2.27
2.90
4.50
7.27

2.18
2.74
4.17
6.62

2.11
2.63
3.94
6.18

2.06
2.54
3.77
5.85

2.02
2.48
3.63
5.59

1.98
2.42
3.52
5.39

20

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.97
4.35
8.10
14.82

2.59
3.49
5.85
9.95

2.38
3.10
4.94
8.10

2.25
2.87
4.43
7.10

2.16
2.71
4.10
6.46

2.09
2.60
3.87
6.02

2.04
2.51
3.70
5.69

2.00
2.45
3.56
5.44

1.96
2.39
3.46
5.24

21

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.96
4.32
8.02
14.59

2.57
3.47
5.78
9.77

2.36
3.07
4.87
7.94

2.23
2.84
4.37
6.95

2.14
2.68
4.04
6.32

2.08
2.57
3.81
5.88

2.02
2.49
3.64
5.56

1.98
2.42
3.51
5.31

1.95
2.37
3.40
5.11

22

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.95
4.30
7.95
14.38

2.56
3.44
5.72
9.61

2.35
3.05
4.82
7.80

2.22
2.82
4.31
6.81

2.13
2.66
3.99
6.19

2.06
2.55
3.76
5.76

2.01
2.46
3.59
5.44

1.97
2.40
3.45
5.19

1.93
2.34
3.35
4.99

23

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.94
4.28
7.88
14.20

2.55
3.42
5.66
9.47

2.34
3.03
4.76
7.67

2.21
2.80
4.26
6.70

2.11
2.64
3.94
6.08

2.05
2.53
3.71
5.65

1.99
2.44
3.54
5.33

1.95
2.37
3.41
5.09

1.92
2.32
3.30
4.89

24

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.93
4.26
7.82
14.03

2.54
3.40
5.61
9.34

2.33
3.01
4.72
7.55

2.19
2.78
4.22
6.59

2.10
2.62
3.90
5.98

2.04
2.51
3.67
5.55

1.98
2.42
3.50
5.23

1.94
2.36
3.36
4.99

1.91
2.30
3.26
4.80
(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.9

A-17

Critical Values for F Distributions (cont.)

#1 " numerator df

10

12

15

20

25

30

40

50

60

120

1000

2.14
2.67
4.10
6.80

2.10
2.60
3.96
6.52

2.05
2.53
3.82
6.23

2.01
2.46
3.66
5.93

1.98
2.41
3.57
5.75

1.96
2.38
3.51
5.63

1.93
2.34
3.43
5.47

1.92
2.31
3.38
5.37

1.90
2.30
3.34
5.30

1.88
2.25
3.25
5.14

1.85
2.21
3.18
4.99

2.10
2.60
3.94
6.40

2.05
2.53
3.80
6.13

2.01
2.46
3.66
5.85

1.96
2.39
3.51
5.56

1.93
2.34
3.41
5.38

1.91
2.31
3.35
5.25

1.89
2.27
3.27
5.10

1.87
2.24
3.22
5.00

1.86
2.22
3.18
4.94

1.83
2.18
3.09
4.77

1.80
2.14
3.02
4.62

2.06
2.54
3.80
6.08

2.02
2.48
3.67
5.81

1.97
2.40
3.52
5.54

1.92
2.33
3.37
5.25

1.89
2.28
3.28
5.07

1.87
2.25
3.21
4.95

1.85
2.20
3.13
4.80

1.83
2.18
3.08
4.70

1.82
2.16
3.05
4.64

1.79
2.11
2.96
4.47

1.76
2.07
2.88
4.33

2.03
2.49
3.69
5.81

1.99
2.42
3.55
5.55

1.94
2.35
3.41
5.27

1.89
2.28
3.26
4.99

1.86
2.23
3.16
4.82

1.84
2.19
3.10
4.70

1.81
2.15
3.02
4.54

1.79
2.12
2.97
4.45

1.78
2.11
2.93
4.39

1.75
2.06
2.84
4.23

1.72
2.02
2.76
4.08

2.00
2.45
3.59
5.58

1.96
2.38
3.46
5.32

1.91
2.31
3.31
5.05

1.86
2.23
3.16
4.78

1.83
2.18
3.07
4.60

1.81
2.15
3.00
4.48

1.78
2.10
2.92
4.33

1.76
2.08
2.87
4.24

1.75
2.06
2.83
4.18

1.72
2.01
2.75
4.02

1.69
1.97
2.66
3.87

1.98
2.41
3.51
5.39

1.93
2.34
3.37
5.13

1.89
2.27
3.23
4.87

1.84
2.19
3.08
4.59

1.80
2.14
2.98
4.42

1.78
2.11
2.92
4.30

1.75
2.06
2.84
4.15

1.74
2.04
2.78
4.06

1.72
2.02
2.75
4.00

1.69
1.97
2.66
3.84

1.66
1.92
2.58
3.69

1.96
2.38
3.43
5.22

1.91
2.31
3.30
4.97

1.86
2.23
3.15
4.70

1.81
2.16
3.00
4.43

1.78
2.11
2.91
4.26

1.76
2.07
2.84
4.14

1.73
2.03
2.76
3.99

1.71
2.00
2.71
3.90

1.70
1.98
2.67
3.84

1.67
1.93
2.58
3.68

1.64
1.88
2.50
3.53

1.94
2.35
3.37
5.08

1.89
2.28
3.23
4.82

1.84
2.20
3.09
4.56

1.79
2.12
2.94
4.29

1.76
2.07
2.84
4.12

1.74
2.04
2.78
4.00

1.71
1.99
2.69
3.86

1.69
1.97
2.64
3.77

1.68
1.95
2.61
3.70

1.64
1.90
2.52
3.54

1.61
1.85
2.43
3.40

1.92
2.32
3.31
4.95

1.87
2.25
3.17
4.70

1.83
2.18
3.03
4.44

1.78
2.10
2.88
4.17

1.74
2.05
2.79
4.00

1.72
2.01
2.72
3.88

1.69
1.96
2.64
3.74

1.67
1.94
2.58
3.64

1.66
1.92
2.55
3.58

1.62
1.87
2.46
3.42

1.59
1.82
2.37
3.28

1.90
2.30
3.26
4.83

1.86
2.23
3.12
4.58

1.81
2.15
2.98
4.33

1.76
2.07
2.83
4.06

1.73
2.02
2.73
3.89

1.70
1.98
2.67
3.78

1.67
1.94
2.58
3.63

1.65
1.91
2.53
3.54

1.64
1.89
2.50
3.48

1.60
1.84
2.40
3.32

1.57
1.79
2.32
3.17

1.89
2.27
3.21
4.73

1.84
2.20
3.07
4.48

1.80
2.13
2.93
4.23

1.74
2.05
2.78
3.96

1.71
2.00
2.69
3.79

1.69
1.96
2.62
3.68

1.66
1.91
2.54
3.53

1.64
1.88
2.48
3.44

1.62
1.86
2.45
3.38

1.59
1.81
2.35
3.22

1.55
1.76
2.27
3.08

1.88
2.25
3.17
4.64

1.83
2.18
3.03
4.39

1.78
2.11
2.89
4.14

1.73
2.03
2.74
3.87

1.70
1.97
2.64
3.71

1.67
1.94
2.58
3.59

1.64
1.89
2.49
3.45

1.62
1.86
2.44
3.36

1.61
1.84
2.40
3.29

1.57
1.79
2.31
3.14

1.54
1.74
2.22
2.99
(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-18

Appendix Tables

Table A.9

Critical Values for F Distributions (cont.)

#2 ! denominator df

#1 " numerator df
"

25

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.92
4.24
7.77
13.88

2.53
3.39
5.57
9.22

2.32
2.99
4.68
7.45

2.18
2.76
4.18
6.49

2.09
2.60
3.85
5.89

2.02
2.49
3.63
5.46

1.97
2.40
3.46
5.15

1.93
2.34
3.32
4.91

1.89
2.28
3.22
4.71

26

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.91
4.23
7.72
13.74

2.52
3.37
5.53
9.12

2.31
2.98
4.64
7.36

2.17
2.74
4.14
6.41

2.08
2.59
3.82
5.80

2.01
2.47
3.59
5.38

1.96
2.39
3.42
5.07

1.92
2.32
3.29
4.83

1.88
2.27
3.18
4.64

27

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.90
4.21
7.68
13.61

2.51
3.35
5.49
9.02

2.30
2.96
4.60
7.27

2.17
2.73
4.11
6.33

2.07
2.57
3.78
5.73

2.00
2.46
3.56
5.31

1.95
2.37
3.39
5.00

1.91
2.31
3.26
4.76

1.87
2.25
3.15
4.57

28

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.89
4.20
7.64
13.50

2.50
3.34
5.45
8.93

2.29
2.95
4.57
7.19

2.16
2.71
4.07
6.25

2.06
2.56
3.75
5.66

2.00
2.45
3.53
5.24

1.94
2.36
3.36
4.93

1.90
2.29
3.23
4.69

1.87
2.24
3.12
4.50

29

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.89
4.18
7.60
13.39

2.50
3.33
5.42
8.85

2.28
2.93
4.54
7.12

2.15
2.70
4.04
6.19

2.06
2.55
3.73
5.59

1.99
2.43
3.50
5.18

1.93
2.35
3.33
4.87

1.89
2.28
3.20
4.64

1.86
2.22
3.09
4.45

30

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.88
4.17
7.56
13.29

2.49
3.32
5.39
8.77

2.28
2.92
4.51
7.05

2.14
2.69
4.02
6.12

2.05
2.53
3.70
5.53

1.98
2.42
3.47
5.12

1.93
2.33
3.30
4.82

1.88
2.27
3.17
4.58

1.85
2.21
3.07
4.39

40

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.84
4.08
7.31
12.61

2.44
3.23
5.18
8.25

2.23
2.84
4.31
6.59

2.09
2.61
3.83
5.70

2.00
2.45
3.51
5.13

1.93
2.34
3.29
4.73

1.87
2.25
3.12
4.44

1.83
2.18
2.99
4.21

1.79
2.12
2.89
4.02

50

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.81
4.03
7.17
12.22

2.41
3.18
5.06
7.96

2.20
2.79
4.20
6.34

2.06
2.56
3.72
5.46

1.97
2.40
3.41
4.90

1.90
2.29
3.19
4.51

1.84
2.20
3.02
4.22

1.80
2.13
2.89
4.00

1.76
2.07
2.78
3.82

60

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.79
4.00
7.08
11.97

2.39
3.15
4.98
7.77

2.18
2.76
4.13
6.17

2.04
2.53
3.65
5.31

1.95
2.37
3.34
4.76

1.87
2.25
3.12
4.37

1.82
2.17
2.95
4.09

1.77
2.10
2.82
3.86

1.74
2.04
2.72
3.69

100

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.76
3.94
6.90
11.50

2.36
3.09
4.82
7.41

2.14
2.70
3.98
5.86

2.00
2.46
3.51
5.02

1.91
2.31
3.21
4.48

1.83
2.19
2.99
4.11

1.78
2.10
2.82
3.83

1.73
2.03
2.69
3.61

1.69
1.97
2.59
3.44

200

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.73
3.89
6.76
11.15

2.33
3.04
4.71
7.15

2.11
2.65
3.88
5.63

1.97
2.42
3.41
4.81

1.88
2.26
3.11
4.29

1.80
2.14
2.89
3.92

1.75
2.06
2.73
3.65

1.70
1.98
2.60
3.43

1.66
1.93
2.50
3.26

1000

.100
.050
.010
.001

2.71
3.85
6.66
10.89

2.31
3.00
4.63
6.96

2.09
2.61
3.80
5.46

1.95
2.38
3.34
4.65

1.85
2.22
3.04
4.14

1.78
2.11
2.82
3.78

1.72
2.02
2.66
3.51

1.68
1.95
2.53
3.30

1.64
1.89
2.43
3.13
(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.9

A-19

Critical Values for F Distributions (cont.)

#1 " numerator df

10

12

15

20

25

30

40

50

60

120

1000

1.87
2.24
3.13
4.56

1.82
2.16
2.99
4.31

1.77
2.09
2.85
4.06

1.72
2.01
2.70
3.79

1.68
1.96
2.60
3.63

1.66
1.92
2.54
3.52

1.63
1.87
2.45
3.37

1.61
1.84
2.40
3.28

1.59
1.82
2.36
3.22

1.56
1.77
2.27
3.06

1.52
1.72
2.18
2.91

1.86
2.22
3.09
4.48

1.81
2.15
2.96
4.24

1.76
2.07
2.81
3.99

1.71
1.99
2.66
3.72

1.67
1.94
2.57
3.56

1.65
1.90
2.50
3.44

1.61
1.85
2.42
3.30

1.59
1.82
2.36
3.21

1.58
1.80
2.33
3.15

1.54
1.75
2.23
2.99

1.51
1.70
2.14
2.84

1.85
2.20
3.06
4.41

1.80
2.13
2.93
4.17

1.75
2.06
2.78
3.92

1.70
1.97
2.63
3.66

1.66
1.92
2.54
3.49

1.64
1.88
2.47
3.38

1.60
1.84
2.38
3.23

1.58
1.81
2.33
3.14

1.57
1.79
2.29
3.08

1.53
1.73
2.20
2.92

1.50
1.68
2.11
2.78

1.84
2.19
3.03
4.35

1.79
2.12
2.90
4.11

1.74
2.04
2.75
3.86

1.69
1.96
2.60
3.60

1.65
1.91
2.51
3.43

1.63
1.87
2.44
3.32

1.59
1.82
2.35
3.18

1.57
1.79
2.30
3.09

1.56
1.77
2.26
3.02

1.52
1.71
2.17
2.86

1.48
1.66
2.08
2.72

1.83
2.18
3.00
4.29

1.78
2.10
2.87
4.05

1.73
2.03
2.73
3.80

1.68
1.94
2.57
3.54

1.64
1.89
2.48
3.38

1.62
1.85
2.41
3.27

1.58
1.81
2.33
3.12

1.56
1.77
2.27
3.03

1.55
1.75
2.23
2.97

1.51
1.70
2.14
2.81

1.47
1.65
2.05
2.66

1.82
2.16
2.98
4.24

1.77
2.09
2.84
4.00

1.72
2.01
2.70
3.75

1.67
1.93
2.55
3.49

1.63
1.88
2.45
3.33

1.61
1.84
2.39
3.22

1.57
1.79
2.30
3.07

1.55
1.76
2.25
2.98

1.54
1.74
2.21
2.92

1.50
1.68
2.11
2.76

1.46
1.63
2.02
2.61

1.76
2.08
2.80
3.87

1.71
2.00
2.66
3.64

1.66
1.92
2.52
3.40

1.61
1.84
2.37
3.14

1.57
1.78
2.27
2.98

1.54
1.74
2.20
2.87

1.51
1.69
2.11
2.73

1.48
1.66
2.06
2.64

1.47
1.64
2.02
2.57

1.42
1.58
1.92
2.41

1.38
1.52
1.82
2.25

1.73
2.03
2.70
3.67

1.68
1.95
2.56
3.44

1.63
1.87
2.42
3.20

1.57
1.78
2.27
2.95

1.53
1.73
2.17
2.79

1.50
1.69
2.10
2.68

1.46
1.63
2.01
2.53

1.44
1.60
1.95
2.44

1.42
1.58
1.91
2.38

1.38
1.51
1.80
2.21

1.33
1.45
1.70
2.05

1.71
1.99
2.63
3.54

1.66
1.92
2.50
3.32

1.60
1.84
2.35
3.08

1.54
1.75
2.20
2.83

1.50
1.69
2.10
2.67

1.48
1.65
2.03
2.55

1.44
1.59
1.94
2.41

1.41
1.56
1.88
2.32

1.40
1.53
1.84
2.25

1.35
1.47
1.73
2.08

1.30
1.40
1.62
1.92

1.66
1.93
2.50
3.30

1.61
1.85
2.37
3.07

1.56
1.77
2.22
2.84

1.49
1.68
2.07
2.59

1.45
1.62
1.97
2.43

1.42
1.57
1.89
2.32

1.38
1.52
1.80
2.17

1.35
1.48
1.74
2.08

1.34
1.45
1.69
2.01

1.28
1.38
1.57
1.83

1.22
1.30
1.45
1.64

1.63
1.88
2.41
3.12

1.58
1.80
2.27
2.90

1.52
1.72
2.13
2.67

1.46
1.62
1.97
2.42

1.41
1.56
1.87
2.26

1.38
1.52
1.79
2.15

1.34
1.46
1.69
2.00

1.31
1.41
1.63
1.90

1.29
1.39
1.58
1.83

1.23
1.30
1.45
1.64

1.16
1.21
1.30
1.43

1.61
1.84
2.34
2.99

1.55
1.76
2.20
2.77

1.49
1.68
2.06
2.54

1.43
1.58
1.90
2.30

1.38
1.52
1.79
2.14

1.35
1.47
1.72
2.02

1.30
1.41
1.61
1.87

1.27
1.36
1.54
1.77

1.25
1.33
1.50
1.69

1.18
1.24
1.35
1.49

1.08
1.11
1.16
1.22

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-20

Appendix Tables

Table A.10

Critical Values for Studentized Range Distributions

m

"

10

11

12

.05
.01

3.64
5.70

4.60
6.98

5.22
7.80

5.67
8.42

6.03
8.91

6.33
9.32

6.58
9.67

6.80
9.97

6.99
10.24

7.17
10.48

7.32
10.70

.05
.01

3.46
5.24

4.34
6.33

4.90
7.03

5.30
7.56

5.63
7.97

5.90
8.32

6.12
8.61

6.32
8.87

6.49
9.10

6.65
9.30

6.79
9.48

.05
.01

3.34
4.95

4.16
5.92

4.68
6.54

5.06
7.01

5.36
7.37

5.61
7.68

5.82
7.94

6.00
8.17

6.16
8.37

6.30
8.55

6.43
8.71

.05
.01

3.26
4.75

4.04
5.64

4.53
6.20

4.89
6.62

5.17
6.96

5.40
7.24

5.60
7.47

5.77
7.68

5.92
7.86

6.05
8.03

6.18
8.18

.05
.01

3.20
4.60

3.95
5.43

4.41
5.96

4.76
6.35

5.02
6.66

5.24
6.91

5.43
7.13

5.59
7.33

5.74
7.49

5.87
7.65

5.98
7.78

10

.05
.01

3.15
4.48

3.88
5.27

4.33
5.77

4.65
6.14

4.91
6.43

5.12
6.67

5.30
6.87

5.46
7.05

5.60
7.21

5.72
7.36

5.83
7.49

11

.05
.01

3.11
4.39

3.82
5.15

4.26
5.62

4.57
5.97

4.82
6.25

5.03
6.48

5.20
6.67

5.35
6.84

5.49
6.99

5.61
7.13

5.71
7.25

12

.05
.01

3.08
4.32

3.77
5.05

4.20
5.50

4.51
5.84

4.75
6.10

4.95
6.32

5.12
6.51

5.27
6.67

5.39
6.81

5.51
6.94

5.61
7.06

13

.05
.01

3.06
4.26

3.73
4.96

4.15
5.40

4.45
5.73

4.69
5.98

4.88
6.19

5.05
6.37

5.19
6.53

5.32
6.67

5.43
6.79

5.53
6.90

14

.05
.01

3.03
4.21

3.70
4.89

4.11
5.32

4.41
5.63

4.64
5.88

4.83
6.08

4.99
6.26

5.13
6.41

5.25
6.54

5.36
6.66

5.46
6.77

15

.05
.01

3.01
4.17

3.67
4.84

4.08
5.25

4.37
5.56

4.59
5.80

4.78
5.99

4.94
6.16

5.08
6.31

5.20
6.44

5.31
6.55

5.40
6.66

16

.05
.01

3.00
4.13

3.65
4.79

4.05
5.19

4.33
5.49

4.56
5.72

4.74
5.92

4.90
6.08

5.03
6.22

5.15
6.35

5.26
6.46

5.35
6.56

17

.05
.01

2.98
4.10

3.63
4.74

4.02
5.14

4.30
5.43

4.52
5.66

4.70
5.85

4.86
6.01

4.99
6.15

5.11
6.27

5.21
6.38

5.31
6.48

18

.05
.01

2.97
4.07

3.61
4.70

4.00
5.09

4.28
5.38

4.49
5.60

4.67
5.79

4.82
5.94

4.96
6.08

5.07
6.20

5.17
6.31

5.27
6.41

19

.05
.01

2.96
4.05

3.59
4.67

3.98
5.05

4.25
5.33

4.47
5.55

4.65
5.73

4.79
5.89

4.92
6.02

5.04
6.14

5.14
6.25

5.23
6.34

20

.05
.01

2.95
4.02

3.58
4.64

3.96
5.02

4.23
5.29

4.45
5.51

4.62
5.69

4.77
5.84

4.90
5.97

5.01
6.09

5.11
6.19

5.20
6.28

24

.05
.01

2.92
3.96

3.53
4.55

3.90
4.91

4.17
5.17

4.37
5.37

4.54
5.54

4.68
5.69

4.81
5.81

4.92
5.92

5.01
6.02

5.10
6.11

30

.05
.01

2.89
3.89

3.49
4.45

3.85
4.80

4.10
5.05

4.30
5.24

4.46
5.40

4.60
5.54

4.72
5.65

4.82
5.76

4.92
5.85

5.00
5.93

40

.05
.01

2.86
3.82

3.44
4.37

3.79
4.70

4.04
4.93

4.23
5.11

4.39
5.26

4.52
5.39

4.63
5.50

4.73
5.60

4.82
5.69

4.90
5.76

60

.05
.01

2.83
3.76

3.40
4.28

3.74
4.59

3.98
4.82

4.16
4.99

4.31
5.13

4.44
5.25

4.55
5.36

4.65
5.45

4.73
5.53

4.81
5.60

120

.05
.01

2.80
3.70

3.36
4.20

3.68
4.50

3.92
4.71

4.10
4.87

4.24
5.01

4.36
5.12

4.47
5.21

4.56
5.30

4.64
5.37

4.71
5.44

.05
.01

2.77
3.64

3.31
4.12

3.63
4.40

3.86
4.60

4.03
4.76

4.17
4.88

4.29
4.99

4.39
5.08

4.47
5.16

4.55
5.23

4.62
5.29

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.11

A-21

Chi-Squared Curve Tail Areas

Upper-tail Area

#"1

#"2

#"3

#"4

#"5

. .100
.100
.095
.090
.085
.080
.075
.070
.065
.060
.055
.050
.045
.040
.035
.030
.025
.020
.015
.010
.005
.001
$ .001

, 2.70
2.70
2.78
2.87
2.96
3.06
3.17
3.28
3.40
3.53
3.68
3.84
4.01
4.21
4.44
4.70
5.02
5.41
5.91
6.63
7.87
10.82
% 10.82

, 4.60
4.60
4.70
4.81
4.93
5.05
5.18
5.31
5.46
5.62
5.80
5.99
6.20
6.43
6.70
7.01
7.37
7.82
8.39
9.21
10.59
13.81
% 13.81

, 6.25
6.25
6.36
6.49
6.62
6.75
6.90
7.06
7.22
7.40
7.60
7.81
8.04
8.31
8.60
8.94
9.34
9.83
10.46
11.34
12.83
16.26
% 16.26

, 7.77
7.77
7.90
8.04
8.18
8.33
8.49
8.66
8.84
9.04
9.25
9.48
9.74
10.02
10.34
10.71
11.14
11.66
12.33
13.27
14.86
18.46
% 18.46

$ 9.23
9.23
9.37
9.52
9.67
9.83
10.00
10.19
10.38
10.59
10.82
11.07
11.34
11.64
11.98
12.37
12.83
13.38
14.09
15.08
16.74
20.51
% 20.51

Upper-tail Area

#"6

#"7

#"8

#"9

# " 10

% .100
.100
.095
.090
.085
.080
.075
.070
.065
.060
.055
.050
.045
.040
.035
.030
.025
.020
.015
.010
.005
.001
$ .001

$ 10.64
10.64
10.79
10.94
11.11
11.28
11.46
11.65
11.86
12.08
12.33
12.59
12.87
13.19
13.55
13.96
14.44
15.03
15.77
16.81
18.54
22.45
% 22.45

$ 12.01
12.01
12.17
12.33
12.50
12.69
12.88
13.08
13.30
13.53
13.79
14.06
14.36
14.70
15.07
15.50
16.01
16.62
17.39
18.47
20.27
24.32
% 24.32

$ 13.36
13.36
13.52
13.69
13.87
14.06
14.26
14.48
14.71
14.95
15.22
15.50
15.82
16.17
16.56
17.01
17.53
18.16
18.97
20.09
21.95
26.12
% 26.12

$ 14.68
14.68
14.85
15.03
15.22
15.42
15.63
15.85
16.09
16.34
16.62
16.91
17.24
17.60
18.01
18.47
19.02
19.67
20.51
21.66
23.58
27.87
% 27.87

$ 15.98
15.98
16.16
16.35
16.54
16.75
16.97
17.20
17.44
17.71
17.99
18.30
18.64
19.02
19.44
19.92
20.48
21.16
22.02
23.20
25.18
29.58
% 29.58
(continued)

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-22

Appendix Tables

Table A.11

Chi-Squared Curve Tail Areas (cont.)

Upper-tail Area
% .100
.100
.095
.090
.085
.080
.075
.070
.065
.060
.055
.050
.045
.040
.035
.030
.025
.020
.015
.010
.005
.001
$ .001

Upper-tail Area
% .100
.100
.095
.090
.085
.080
.075
.070
.065
.060
.055
.050
.045
.040
.035
.030
.025
.020
.015
.010
.005
.001
$ .001

# " 11

# " 12

# " 13

# " 14

# " 15

$ 17.27
17.27
17.45
17.65
17.85
18.06
18.29
18.53
18.78
19.06
19.35
19.67
20.02
20.41
20.84
21.34
21.92
22.61
23.50
24.72
26.75
31.26
% 31.26

$ 18.54
18.54
18.74
18.93
19.14
19.36
19.60
19.84
20.11
20.39
20.69
21.02
21.38
21.78
22.23
22.74
23.33
24.05
24.96
26.21
28.29
32.90
% 32.90

$ 19.81
19.81
20.00
20.21
20.42
20.65
20.89
21.15
21.42
21.71
22.02
22.36
22.73
23.14
23.60
24.12
24.73
25.47
26.40
27.68
29.81
34.52
% 34.52

$ 21.06
21.06
21.26
21.47
21.69
21.93
22.17
22.44
22.71
23.01
23.33
23.68
24.06
24.48
24.95
25.49
26.11
26.87
27.82
29.14
31.31
36.12
% 36.12

$ 22.30
22.30
22.51
22.73
22.95
23.19
23.45
23.72
24.00
24.31
24.63
24.99
25.38
25.81
26.29
26.84
27.48
28.25
29.23
30.57
32.80
37.69
% 37.69

# " 16

# " 17

# " 18

# " 19

# " 20

$ 23.54
23.54
23.75
23.97
24.21
24.45
24.71
24.99
25.28
25.59
25.93
26.29
26.69
27.13
27.62
28.19
28.84
29.63
30.62
32.00
34.26
39.25
% 39.25

$ 24.77
24.76
24.98
25.21
25.45
25.70
25.97
26.25
26.55
26.87
27.21
27.58
27.99
28.44
28.94
29.52
30.19
30.99
32.01
33.40
35.71
40.78
% 40.78

$ 25.98
25.98
26.21
26.44
26.68
26.94
27.21
27.50
27.81
28.13
28.48
28.86
29.28
29.74
30.25
30.84
31.52
32.34
33.38
34.80
37.15
42.31
% 42.31

$ 27.20
27.20
27.43
27.66
27.91
28.18
28.45
28.75
29.06
29.39
29.75
30.14
30.56
31.03
31.56
32.15
32.85
33.68
34.74
36.19
38.58
43.81
% 43.81

$ 28.41
28.41
28.64
28.88
29.14
29.40
29.69
29.99
30.30
30.64
31.01
31.41
31.84
32.32
32.85
33.46
34.16
35.01
36.09
37.56
39.99
45.31
% 45.31

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.12

A-23

Critical Values for the Ryan-Joiner Test of Normality

"

5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75

.10

.05

.01

.9033
.9347
.9506
.9600
.9662
.9707
.9767
.9807
.9835
.9865

.8804
.9180
.9383
.9503
.9582
.9639
.9715
.9764
.9799
.9835

.8320
.8804
.9110
.9290
.9408
.9490
.9597
.9664
.9710
.9757

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-24

Appendix Tables

Table A.13

Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

c1

P0(S# ! c1)

3
4

6
9
10
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
24
26
28
28
30
32
34
35
36
34
37
39
42
44
41
44
47
50
52
48
52
55
59
61
56
60
61
64
68
71
64
65
69
70
74

.125
.125
.062
.094
.062
.031
.109
.047
.031
.016
.109
.055
.023
.008
.098
.055
.027
.012
.008
.004
.102
.049
.027
.010
.004
.097
.053
.024
.010
.005
.103
.051
.027
.009
.005
.102
.055
.046
.026
.010
.005
.108
.095
.055
.047
.024

10

11

12

13

P0(S1 $ c1) 5 P(S1 $ c1 when H0 is true)

n

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

c1

P0(S# ! c1)

78
79
81
73
74
79
84
89
92
83
84
89
90
95
100
101
104
93
94
100
106
112
113
116
104
105
112
118
125
129
116
124
131
138
143
128
136
137
144
152
157
140
150
158
167
172

.011
.009
.005
.108
.097
.052
.025
.010
.005
.104
.094
.053
.047
.024
.011
.009
.005
.106
.096
.052
.025
.011
.009
.005
.103
.095
.049
.025
.010
.005
.098
.049
.024
.010
.005
.098
.052
.048
.025
.010
.005
.101
.049
.024
.010
.005

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.14

Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

P0(W ! c)

3
4

15
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
24
26
27
27
28
29
30
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
30
32
33
34
33
35
36
37
36
38
40
41
36
37
39

.05
.057
.029
.036
.018
.048
.024
.012
.058
.017
.008
.042
.024
.012
.006
.057
.029
.014
.056
.032
.016
.008
.057
.019
.010
.005
.055
.021
.012
.006
.055
.024
.008
.004
.048
.028
.008

5
6

A-25

P0(W $ c) 5 P(W $ c when H0 is true)

m

P0(W ! c)

40
40
41
43
44
43
45
47
48
47
49
51
52
50
52
54
55
54
56
58
60
58
61
63
65
66
68
71
72
71
73
76
78
84
87
90
92

.004
.041
.026
.009
.004
.053
.024
.009
.005
.047
.023
.009
.005
.047
.021
.008
.004
.051
.026
.011
.004
.054
.021
.01
.004
.049
.027
.009
.006
.047
.027
.01
.005
.052
.025
.01
.005

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

A-26

Appendix Tables

Table A.15
n
5
6

10

11

12

Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Interval

Confidence
Level (%)

93.8
87.5
96.9
93.7
90.6
98.4
95.3
89.1
99.2
94.5
89.1
99.2
94.5
90.2
99.0
95.1
89.5
99.0
94.6
89.8
99.1
94.8
90.8

15
14
21
20
19
28
26
24
36
32
30
44
39
37
52
47
44
61
55
52
71
64
61

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

(x(n(n11)/22c11), x(c))

Confidence
Level (%)

99.0
95.2
90.6
99.1
95.1
89.6
99.0
95.2
90.5
99.1
94.9
89.5
99.1
94.9
90.2
99.0
95.2
90.1
99.1
95.1
90.4

81
74
70
93
84
79
104
95
90
117
106
100
130
118
112
143
131
124
158
144
137

20

21

22

23

24

25

Confidence
Level (%)
99.1
95.2
90.3
99.0
95.0
89.7
99.0
95.0
90.2
99.0
95.2
90.2
99.0
95.1
89.9
99.0
95.2
89.9

c
173
158
150
188
172
163
204
187
178
221
203
193
239
219
208
257
236
224

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

Table A.16

Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Interval

A-27

(dij(mn2c11), dij(c))

Smaller Sample Size

5

Larger
Sample Size

Confidence
Level (%)

Confidence
Level (%)

Confidence
Level (%)

Confidence
Level (%)

99.2
94.4
90.5
99.1
94.8
91.8
99.0
95.2
89.4
98.9
95.5
90.7
98.8
95.8
88.8
99.2
94.5
90.1
99.1
94.8
91.0
99.1
95.2
89.6

25
22
21
29
26
25
33
30
28
37
34
32
41
38
35
46
41
39
50
45
43
54
49
46

99.1
95.9
90.7
99.2
94.9
89.9
99.2
95.7
89.2
99.2
95.0
91.2
98.9
94.4
90.7
99.0
95.2
90.2
99.0
94.7
89.8

34
31
29
39
35
33
44
40
37
49
44
42
53
48
46
58
53
50
63
57
54

98.9
94.7
90.3
99.1
94.6
90.6
99.2
94.5
90.9
99.0
94.5
89.1
98.9
95.6
89.6
99.0
95.5
90.0

44
40
38
50
45
43
56
50
48
61
55
52
66
61
57
72
66
62

99.0
95.0
89.5
98.9
95.4
90.7
99.1
94.5
89.9
99.1
94.9
90.9
99.0
95.3
90.2

56
51
48
62
57
54
69
62
59
75
68
65
81
74
70

10

11

12

Smaller Sample Size

9

10

11

12

Larger
Sample Size

Confidence
Level (%)

Confidence
Level (%)

Confidence
Level (%)

Confidence
Level (%)

98.9
95.0
90.6
99.0
94.7
90.5
99.0
95.4
90.5
99.1
95.1
90.5

69
63
60
76
69
66
83
76
72
90
82
78

99.1
94.8
89.5
99.0
94.9
90.1
99.1
95.0
90.7

84
76
72
91
83
79
99
90
86

98.9
95.3
89.9
99.1
94.9
89.6

99
91
86
108
98
93

99.0
94.8
89.9

116
106
101

10

11

12

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Appendix Tables

1.6
99

0
1.6

49

74

2.0

0.8
0.4
0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

.2

.4

.6

&

99

29 19

14

1.2

39

1.6
1.2
0.4

0.8

4
19 14 9 6

2.4

2.8

df ! 2

$ ! .01, one-tailed

3.2

.2

74
.4

.6

.8

1.0

&
2.8
2.0

2.4

df ! 2
3

99
74
49
39
29
.8

1.0

&

Table A.17

$ Curves for t Tests

$ ! .05, one-tailed

3.2

49
0.4

0.8

1.2

14

39
29
19

0.4

74
.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

&

99

0.8

19

14

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.8

df ! 2

$ ! .01, two-tailed

2.8
2.0

29

39
49

2.4

df ! 1

$ ! .05, two-tailed

3.2

A-28

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.