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6thSASTech 2012

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Mohammad Moinuddin Afroz 1. And Dr. T.Vijaya Lakshmi 2
1. Post graduate student 2. Associate Professor

Photograph of
Presenter

Reference Number: 6-12-17-990

Name of the Presenter: Mohammad Moinuddin Afroz
Centre for Environment
Institute of Science and Technology
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
A.P, INDIA
Corresponding author, E-mail id: moinaffu@gmail.com

Abstract
Geographic Information System solution consists of capturing, storing, checking,
integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying Geo-data related to positions on the
Earth's surface and data related to attributes of the entities/Customers in a utility. This is
achieved through GIS mapping to pre-defined scale, generation of intelligence electrical
network maps and super imposing them on the land base GIS maps. Customer Indexing is
defined here as a unique coding of index process for all types of Customers into a data base
structure, created with pre determined attributes connected to a uniquely coded electrical
network including locations with a facility using GIS tools to query and retrieve information.
The project describes about database generation, electrical network mapping and
consumer indexing using satellite imagery on GIS platform. Study area is Gudiyattam Town
in Vellore district, one of the State in India, extending 8 sq.km.
This project involves the generation of various GIS thematic layers like HT Network
(11 KV feeder), LT network, HT_LT_poles, Distribution Transformers and Sub Stations in
Gudiyattam Town, using DGPS, Systematic Door to Door survey of consumer details and
integration of the data and overlaying on remotely sensed satellite imagery.
The present work gives the better understanding of the Electrical Utility Networking
and usage of GIS tool for improvement of electrical power distribution and quality service to
the consumers.
Key words: electrical network maps,
1. Introduction
The focus of the programme shall be on actual, demonstrable performance in terms of
sustained loss reduction. Establishment of reliable and automated systems for sustained
collection of accurate base line data, and the adoption of Information Technology in the areas
of energy accounting will be essential before taking up the regular distribution strengthening
projects.

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It aims at strengthening and up-gradation of the Sub-Transmission, and Distribution

system in the country with the following objectives:
(i) Reducing Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses;
(ii) Improving quality of supply of power;
(iii) Increasing revenue collection; and
(iv) Improving consumer satisfaction.
1.2 Towns Selection criteria:
It is proposed to cover urban areas - towns and cities with population of more than
30,000 (10,000 in case of special category states). In addition, in certain high-load density
rural areas with significant loads, works of separation of agricultural feeders from domestic
and industrial ones, and of High Voltage Distribution System (11kv) will also be taken up.
1.3 The projects under the programme will be executed in two parts as below:
Part-A:
Preparation of Base-Line Data for the project area covering Consumer Indexing, GIS
Mapping, Metering of distribution transformers and feeders and Automatic Data Logging for
all distribution transformers and feeders and SCADA/DMS system (only in the project area
having more than 4 lakhs population and annual input energy of the order of 350 Million
Units).It would include Asset Mapping of the entire distribution network at and below the 11
KV Transformers and include the distribution transformers and feeders, L.T lines, poles and
other distribution Network equipment. It will also include adoption of Information
Technology application for meter reading, billing and collection; energy accounting
and auditing; MIS; redressal of consumer grievances, establishment of Information
Technology enabled consumer service centers etc. The base line data and required system
shall be verified by an independent agency appointed by Ministry of Power.
Part-B:
Renovation, Modernization and strengthening of 11 KV level Sub-Stations,
Transformers/Transformer centers, Re-conductoring of lines at 11 KV level and below, load
bifurcation, feeder separation, load balancing, HVDS (11KV), Aerial Bunched conductoring
in dense areas, replacement of electro-magnetic energy meters with tamper proof electronics
meters, installation of capacitor banks and mobile service centers etc. In exceptional cases,
where Sub-Transmission system is weak, strengthening at 33 KV or 66 KV levels may also be
considered.
1.4 GIS for this PROJECT:
There is no unique definition for Geographic Information System (GIS) but a
commonly accepted one is that it is a system with computer hardware and software functions
for the spatial data input, storage, analysis, and output. Geographic Information System
solution consists of capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and
displaying geodata related to positions on the Earth's surface and data related to attributes of
the entities/Customers in a utility. This is achieved through GIS mapping to pre-defined scale,
generation of intelligence electrical network maps and super imposing them on the land base
GIS maps.
Customer Indexing is defined here as a unique coding of index process for all types of
Customers into a data base structure, created with pre determined attributes connected to a
uniquely coded electrical network including locations with a facility using GIS tools to query
and retrieve information.

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The Customer indexing and Asset management system is essential for gearing of
Electric Distribution utilities to maintain the system in a dynamic mode to meet the day-today imperative changes
1.5 Literature Review:
1.5.1 Electricity Distribution Engineering and Geographic Information System:
In pursuance of an effective electricity distribution in Nigeria, the Power Holding
Company of Nigeria has adopted the Geoinformation Technology in the management of its
facilities so as to provide adequate power supply for the resident, industrial and commercial
sector of the economy. Because of the need to implement the use of GIS in electricity
distribution engineering, Power Holding Company of Nigeria, (PHCN) Plc has entered into
partnership with Hafmani Nigeria Limited, a GIS and Mapping Consultant firm.
In order to maintain and update the facilities, some staffs of PHCN had been trained
on how to use GPS as well how to update the new facilities installed in the feeder. A database
is an organized, integrated collection of non-redundant data stored so as to be capable of use
by relevant applications with the data been accessed through some logical path. Database
referred to is a spatial database (Geodatabase) and it is the heart of GIS. The objects area
arranged along the rows and the field (attribute values) arranged along the column. The data
structure was executed using Arc-view 3.2a.
There is no doubt, Geo-information technology has come to stay and has been helping
in the area of facility mapping especially in electricity distribution. Towards effective
electricity distribution, there is need to apply Geoinformation Technology in the country at
large. The DEGIS that will cover the whole of the country required the adoption and use of
remote sensing technique of data acquisition from a high resolution satellites such as Ikonos,
Quickbird, etc. This will cover the whole of the country at once and all the power generation
stations can be monitored too. The DEGIS has the potential of forming part of National
Geospatial Data Infrastructure (NGDI). Application of GIS in electricity distribution
engineering will also provides job opportunities for professionals like Surveyors, Database
Administrators, GIS Analysts, etc. With the plan towards the launching of Nigersat-2 and
Nigcomsat-1, electricity distribution engineering can function in real time thereby providing
effective power supply to all the sector of the economy.
1.5.2 Application of GIS Technology in Electrical Distribution Network Optimization:
Database plays a central role in the operation of planning, where analysis programs
form a part of the system supported by a database management system which stores, retrieves,
and modifies various data on the distribution systems. The thing that distinguishes an
electrical utility information system from an other information system - such as those used in
banking, stock control, or payroll systems - is needed to record geographical information in
the database. Electrical utility companies need two types of geographical information: details
on the location of facilities, and information on the spatial interrelations between them. The
integration of geographically referenced database, analytical tools and in-house developed
software tools will allow the system to be designed more economically and to be operated
much closer to its limits resulting in more efficient, low-cost power distribution systems.
Additional benefits such as improved material management, inventory control, preventive
maintenance and system performance can be accomplished in a systematic and cost-effective
manner (Z.Sumic, et al, 1993). Before graphical workstations were developed, many electric

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utilities have built technical information systems based on relational database management
systems (E.Jorum, et al, 1993.). Technical information system is designed to cover the
requirements of power supply utilities considering network expansion and operation planning,
maintenance management and system documentation.
The first step of routing process begins by connecting customer to the nearest routing
corridor. After that procedure, the secondary system network is generated by network module.
On this network "any path analysis" is applied and as results of analysis there are all possible
connections between substation and customers. These results are used as input for external,
CADDiN module of optimization of radial structured networks. During this process of
optimization the set of rules is used to satisfy standard practices employed by designers. The
optimized network is then saved on clipboard in dataflow and can be graphically viewed. The
cost for the secondary system is mainly the capital investment cost consisting of cable laying
cost and cost of cables. For each location of substation optimization process must be repeated.
Solution with minimal investment costs and satisfactory technical constraints is the best
regarding secondary network. All solutions that are technically satisfied must be taken into
account during the primary network optimization. It is necessary because the local optimum
of secondary system does not imply the optimum of primary system, and global optimum of
distribution network.
The optimal connection of the particular customer to existing secondary system must
fulfill next two technical as well as economical constraints:
1. The shortest possible length of connection due to voltage drop that may be permitted;
2. Reserve in load capacity of substation due to customer load.
In conclusion this paper presents the concept of the pilot project CADDiN for
optimization of electric distribution networks based on GIS technology. The architecture of
CADDiN consists of the heuristic methods implemented within GIS and procedural programs.
In such a hybrid environment, the GIS principal task is to model "real world", perform spatial
analyses and ensure the high accuracy of optimization procedures. The first results obtained
by the prototype database and developed procedures encourage that concepts and ideas
established in this paper can be applied on the real problems that exist in the distribution
system planning.

2. Data and Material

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If the paper is the result of a research, then the data and material used in the research should
be presented here
3. Research Methodology
Asset mapping refers to all assets up to the pole in the distribution network from a
substation Asset Mapping is of two types: Substation assets and Network assets
3.1 Substation Assets:
These are the assets of TANGEDCO starting from pylon, feeder line, power

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transformer, current transformer, lightning arrestor, bus bar meter etc that are available
within the substation boundaries.
3.2 Network Assets:
These are the assets of TANGEDCO starting from the outlet of substation, feeder
wise thru HT poles- Distribution Transformer LT Pole.
In case of Underground Cables, the network starts from SS, DT, RMU/RMG, Feeder
Pillar, Service Pillar and House connection service point.
In the network, the various structures and assets like Distribution structure,
Isolators / switches and the structures holding the same etc also need to be
collected.
3.3 Asset Numbering:
For all assets, unique temporary number has to be given and the same has to
be written on the asset. The numbering schema and the codes are given below, separately.
3.4 Survey:
The location of all HT / LT assets should be surveyed with DGPS process. The
base station established by Company for GCP has to be used. The co-ordinates of the
Base station can be collected from the respective Zonal Co-ordinator. Additional
base points, if needed can be established by the partner. However, the additional points
should meet the same accuracy requirements (< 10 cm) as that of the primary base
point / GCPs used for geo-referencing.
The Differentially processed data for all assets need to be submitted, along with
the raw data. Each point should have the unique number as marked in the field.
The processed GPS data of assets need to be superimposed on to the satellite
data to confirm its positional accuracy with respect to the nearby features like
building/compound walls, junctions or any other visible permanent structure. In case,
if the differentially processed GPS do not correspond to the actual location, the same
need to be marked on the satellite images at its appropriate place- for submission.
The DGPS co-ordinates as surveyed need to be given as attribute in the table. For
underground assets, the pipe locators has to be used. The location of underground
assets need to b e marked either using GPS o r t h r u offset measurements from the
nearby structures / features.
The location of these structures can be marked on the base map / satellite data. For
the Underground HT network, the department is in possession of the drawings/datasets.
The same need to be verified and corrected to its accurate geographic position in the
ground. For underground network of service connection from the service/feeder pillar, the
end point of meter / house connection should be given a unique number.
This number should be unique within the 250 m grid. This number has to be marked
on the distribution box / meter using a marker. The same also has to be marked on the map,
precisely. The department is in possession of various hardcopy
maps
with
clear
representation and details of HT network both in hardcopy and softcopy format.

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Efforts can be made to collect the same and scan, Georef digitization of the
same for easy and effective navigation in the field. This would be very effective in
the areas of Underground Cable network
3.5 Field Data Collection:
Forms for data capture for various assets are given for reference. If paper
based data collection is proposed, then it is better to use this form. However the
partner is free to use any other format which is convenient to use / collect. However, all
the attributes as per the design document should be submitted during the delivery. Any
field with empty or no records should be explicitly mentioned. The details that need to
be collected from the department should be collected by the subcontract partner The
partners have to collect the transformer / pole level data and the same can be used for
verifying the surveyed assets. Any such collected document / data from the
department should be returned along with the final deliverable.
In some of the Distribution transformers, there are meters installed. These
meter details has to be collected separately and submitted in separate tables. These
meters should be given the same unique number of distribution transformer
followed by _m
When a structure holds more than asset (switch / transformer / isolator etc), attributes
has to be collected separately. The asset locations have to be placed in the same location
in logical sequence.
3.6 Satellite Image:
In this project for creation of land base creation better visibility of roads ,
buildings and other feature.It required high resolution imagery for proper consumer
indexing location, pole location and electrical utility.
The following are recommended satellite imagery types
1)
CARTOSAT-2
2)
IKONOS GEOEYE
3)
QUICK BIRD
In this project cartosat2 satellite imagery is used
3.7 Geo Referencing:
To geo-reference something means to define its existence in physical space. That is,
establishing its location in terms of map projections or coordinate systems. The term is used
both when establishing the relation between raster or vector images and coordinates, and
when determining the spatial location of other geographical features.
Examples would include establishing the correct position of an aerial photograph
within a map or finding the geographical coordinates of a place name or street address. This
procedure is thus imperative to data modeling in the field of geographic information
systems (GIS) and other cartographic methods.
When data from different sources need to be combined and then used in a GIS
application, it becomes essential to have a common referencing system. This is brought about
by using various geo-referencing techniques.

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Most geo-referencing tasks are undertaken either because the user wants to produce a
new map or because they want to link two or more different datasets together by virtue of the
fact that they relate to the same geographic locations.
Method of Geo-referencing
There are various GIS tools available that can transform image data to some
geographic control framework, like ArcMap, PCI Geomatica, or ERDAS Imagine.
One can geo-reference a set of points, lines, polygons, images, or 3D structures. For
instance, a GPS device will record latitude and longitude coordinates for a given point of
interest, effectively geo-referencing this point. A geo-reference must be a unique identifier. In
other words, there must be only one location for which a geo-reference acts as the reference.
4. Results and Analysis
The results obtained from the project have assisted in the following areas;
Ground realities: On the contrary, this project is about business process reengineering,
process automation, capacity building and system integration, with IT playing the role
of an enabler.
Timeline: Time is the essence of this project and the government threat hangs like a
sword of the Damocles. The IT implementation agency is required to obtain
mandatory authorization from the State Government authority and submit the same to
NRSC along with order forms, which takes time. On one hand, the government puts
forth timelines and on the other hand, its agencies fail (not their fault either as
imagery is collected on a regular basis) to provide satellite data in time. It is a catch22 situation. The point that is on everybodys mind is what will be the financial
burden on state discos if the project gets delayed.
Ring fencing: Another issue is electrical ring fencing by the utility, i.e. demarcating
the electrical boundaries of individual HT (11 KV) feeders. This requires installation
of boundary meters on HT feeders to help determine feeder-wise electricity flow.
Unless ring-fencing is done by the utility, it is very difficult for ITIA to define the
boundaries for GIS-based network mapping and energy accounting.
For this purpose, GIS-based consumer indexing and network mapping requires DGPS
survey for collecting geospatial data of distribution network and doorto-door survey of
consumers for mapping their unique electrical identity.
5. Conclusions
Data Migration: Migration of legacy data from the existing system to the new system is
another challenge of this project. The legacy data of consumers, assets, billing and
collections have to be extracted, cleansed, rationalized, transformed and reconciled.
Several iterations of mock conversion program to test the data model before proper
migration.
System Integration: In this project, solution design is envisaged as a multi-tier, Web
based, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Seamless integration of various software
modules on a middleware enterprise service bus is another big challenge, considering that

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the overall solution integrates with various third-party applications like ERP, GIS and
MDAS, using standard plug-ins or business APIs.
User Acceptance & QA checks: User acceptance testing and QA checks are crucial at
various stages of development and during deployment of software applications. Each
software component is tested independently and then further tested along with its
dependent components.
Acknowledgements
This is an acknowledgement of the intense drive and technical competence of many
individuals who have contributed to the success of project. A project is always an effective
work. A successful project is a fruitful culmination of efforts by many people, some were
directly involved and some others quietly encouraged and supported from the background.
The project is not completed if one fails to acknowledge all these individuals who have been
instrumental in successful completion of the project.
I express my sincere thanks to our internal guide Dr.T. Vijaya Lakshmi Assistant
Professor Center for Environmental, IST, JNTUH for her guidance and encouragement for
the successful completion of my project work.
I express my sincere thanks to our Co-Guide Srinivas Gudelli Managing Principal,
Naksha Consulting Group, Hyderabad for his technical guidance and suggestions which
helped me a lot in completing this project.
I express my grateful thanks to Dr.V.Himabindu Head, Center for environment, and
Dr.K.Mukkanti Director, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTUH for their constant
cooperation during the course of work.
I also express my sincere thanks to all the faculty members of the center for
environment, who helped me with their valuable suggestion and encouraged me to complete
this project successful. I ponder for words to explain the help and support rendered by my
Family Members and all friends without whose encouragement and support I would not have
been able to complete this work.
References:
1.
Alekhya data, Shome varma & Ashish kumar gupta APPLICATION OF GIS
TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OPTIMIZATION
Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics, Pune
2.

Davor Skrlec, Slavko Krajcar, Snjezana Blagajac ,Application of GIS

Technology in Electrical Distribution Network Optimization by University of Zagreb.

3.

Harder, Christian (1999), Enterprise GIS for Energy Companies, ESRI Press,
California.

4.

Rathore, V.S.;Electrical Consumer Indexing Incorporating Geographical

Information System (GIS) Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Birla Inst. of Technol.,
Ranchi, India.

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5.
6.

Saheed Salawudeen and USMAN Rashidat, Nigeria in XXIII FIG Congress

Munich Germany, October 8-13, 2006.
Electricity Distribution Engineering and Geographic Information System

7.

Application of Remote Sensing, GIS and Geo-Electrical Methods for Ground

Water Exploration in Zaheerabad, Medak Dist. A.P., India.

8.

mplementing a GIS in an electrical utility: The growth pains Shubhabrata

Marmar ESRI India.

9.

Ministry of power, Government of India.

10.

Power Finance Corporation.

11.

GIS APPLICATION IN POWER TRANSMISSION LINE SITING