COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH

BA101/CHAPTER4

CHAPTER 5: COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH (Graph of Linear Function)

4.0 INTRODUCTION
The relation of 2 anus can be pictured by graph drawing. What is graph? Graph is the combination
of 2 points of anus from 2 scaled-axis which is vertical axis and horizontal axis. For the graph y
against x, it means x and y is 2 anus. Vertical axis is y-axis and horizontal axis is x-axis.
The point where these two axis met is called origin. Meanwhile, the coordinate is a point which has
a pair of x value and y value. On the graph paper, these coordinates are plotted using Roman.
Combination of these coordinate will develop a line whether straight line or curve line. So, this line
will pictured the relation of 2 anus, for example x and y. Refer the Diagram 12.1 below:
y

absissacoordinate

(x,y) = (3,3)

2
ordinate
1
x
-2

-1

-1

-2

Diagram 12.1

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4.1 GRAPH DRAWING

Graph can be drawn using the criteria below:
a) Table of graph and/or equation of graph.
b) Graph paper to draw graph.
c) Graph title.
d) Two axis of anus, e.g. y against x.
e) Two arrows for both axis of graph, to the above and to the right of the graph.
f) 0 digit at origin of the graph
g) Scale of axis, e.g. 1 cm : 5 unit for y-axis.
h) Straight line of graph, from combination of coordinate points.
i)

Balance of straight line, especially when the coordinate points at graph are not flat.

Example 1:
Plot a graph y against x from the table below:
x
y

10.0
5.0

20.0
6.3

30.0
7.5

40.0
8.7

50.0
10.0

60.0
11.0

Solution:

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Example 2:
Given one straight line with the equation y = -x + 3 intersect with another one straight line with the
equation y = 2x 4. Using graph drawing, find the intersection point.
Solution
Given the first linear equation, y = - x + 3.
At x-axis, y = 0. So 0 = - x + 3 or x = 3. Coordinate is (3, 0).
At y-axis, x = 0. So y = 0 + 3 or y = 3. Coordinate is (0, 3).
Given the second linear equation, y = 2x 4.
At x-axis, y = 0. So 0 = 2x 4 or x = 2. Coordinate is (2, 0).
At y-axis, x = 0. So y = 2(0) 4 or y = -4. Coordinate is (0, -4).

From the graph drawing, we can see that the intersection point of the graph is at(2.3, 0.5).

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COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH

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4.2 LINEAR EQUATION

Basically, graph equation can be represented by y = mx + c where y and x are 2 anus, c is
coordinate of interception at y-axis, while m is the gradient of a straight line.
Example 1
Get the gradient of the straight line below:
a) Straight line which passing points are A (-2, 0) dan B (0, 4)
b) Straight line which passing points are P (-4, 3) dan Q (5, 3)
c) Straight line which passing points are L (4, 5) dan M (4, -6)
Then, create the straight line equation.
Solution
By using the gradient equation m

y 2 y1
, so
x 2 x1

a) m =

40
= 2, so y = 2x + 4 (interception at point A because y = 0)
0 (2)

b) m =

33
= 0, so y = 3 (constant y = 3, only x changed)
5 (4)

c) m =

65
= , so x = 3 (constant x = 3, only y changed)
44

Example 2
Referring to Example 12.1, draw a graph for each.
Solution

y
y = 2x + 4

a)

(0,4)
(-2,0)

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(0,3)

b)

y=

y
x=3
c)

(3,0)

4.3.1 DISTANCE AND GRADIENT OF GRAPH

y

B(x2, y2)

C(x2 ,y1)
A(x1, y1)

x
0
Diagram 12.2
Referring to Diagram 12.2, by using Pythagoras theorem,
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AB2 = AC2 + CB2

= (x2 x1)2 (y2 y1)2
so the distance of AB =

( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2

The formula of m gradient is given by:

y 2 y1
y y2
or m 1
x 2 x1
x1 x 2

Example 1
Find the distance and gradient of the graph which passing through coordinate point (3, -2) and
(0,8).
Solution
Let say ( x1 , y1 ) (3,2) and ( x2 , y 2 ) (0,8) .
So the distance =
Gradient, m

( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2 =

(8 2) 2 (0 3) 2 = 109 unit.

y 2 y1 8 2 10

x2 x1
03
3

4.3.2 DISTANCE AND GRADIENT OF GRAPH

y

B(x2, y2)

A(x1, y1)

C(x2 ,y1)
x

Diagram 10.3

Referring to diagram 10.3, by using Pythagoras theorem,

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COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH

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AB2 = AC2 + CB2

= (x2 x1)2 (y2 y1)2
So the distance of AB =

( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2

The formula of m gradient is given by:

y 2 y1
y y2
or m 1
x 2 x1
x1 x 2

Example 1
Find the distance and gradient of the graph which passing through coordinate point (3, -2) and
(0,8).
Solution
Let say ( x1 , y1 ) (3,2) and ( x2 , y 2 ) (0,8) .
So the distance =

Gradient, m

( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2 =

(8 2) 2 (0 3) 2 = 109 unit.

y 2 y1 8 2 10

x2 x1
03
3

4.4.1 EQUATION GRAPH OF LINEAR FUNCTION

Basic for equation graph of linear function or straight line can be recognized by the highest power
of its anu which is 1 and the lowest power which is 0.
Example 1
State whether the graph equation below is linear or not:
a) y = 3x2 + 5x 7.
b) y = 11x + 5.
c) y + 4x = 7x3 2.
d) y 2 = 6x.
e) y 5x = 3 + 4x-1.
Solution
a) not linear, because the highest power of x is 2.
b) linear, because the highest power of x is 1.
c) not linear, because the highest power of x is 3.
d) linear, because the highest power of x is 1.
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e) not linear, because the lowest power is 1.

ACTIVITY 12a

12.1)

Based on the data below, draw a graph y against x and get the gradient and interception at
y-axis. Then, create one complete linear equation.
x
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
y
-6
-4
-3
-2
0
2
3
4
6
8

12.2) Plot a graph of linear function from table below. From the graph, create one graph equation.
x
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
y
6
5
3
1
0
-1
-3
-5
-6
-7
12.3)

Given x related to y based on the data below. Draw a graph of linear function and state the
relation of x and y through the graph equation.
X
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Y
-1
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15

12.4) Plot a graph for one straight line which passing point A( 2 , 7 ) and B( 4 ,10).
From the straight line u get, find the interception at y-axis, the gradient and the distance of
AB.
12.5) Given one straight line which passing point J( 2 , 0 ) and K( 6 , 2 ).
Plot a linear graph and from the graph, determine the interception at y-axis, the gradient
and the distance of JK.
12.6) One graph of linear function created from coordinate point P( 2 , 3 ) dan Q( 4 , 1 ). Draw a
linear graph from it and from the graph, find the coordinate of intercept point at y-axis, the
gradient and the distance of PQ.
12.7) Two graph of linear function with the equation y = -x + 5 and y = 3. Draw both graph on the
same axis and from the graph, get the intersection point.
12.8) By using the suitable scale, plot two straight line with the equation y = -x + 5 and
x 1. From the graph, get the intersection point.

y=

12.9) Two straight line with the equation y = -x + 5 and y = x 1 are met at point
A(p, q). Draw a suitable graph to find the value of p and q.
12.10) Get the intersection point for two straight line with the equation y = 2x + 3 and
9.

y = -9/2 x +

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FEEDBACK

12.1)

gradient m = 3 , intercept c (0, -6) , y = 3x 6

12.2)

y = -3x + 6

12.3)

y = 2x + 5

12.4)

intercept c(0, 3) , gradient m = 2 , distance of AB = 8.06 cm

12.5)

intercept c(0, -1) , gradient m = 1/2 , distance of JK = 4.47 cm

12.6)

intercept c(0, 5) , gradient m = -1 , distance of PQ = 7.07 cm

12.7)

intersection point (2 , 3)

12.8)

intersection point (4 , 1)

12.9)

intersection point (1 , 5)

12.10)

intersection point (4 , 1)

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4.4.2 SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION OF 2 GRAPHS OF LINEAR FUNCTION

Solving two simultaneous equation can be done by using graph drawing where the intersection
point of a graph will the value for x and y.
Example 1
Given one straight line with the equation y = - x + 3 intersect with another one straight line with the
equation y = 2x 4. By using graph drawing, find the intersection point.
Solution
Given the first linear equation, y = - x + 3.
At x-axis, y = 0. Therefore 0 = - x + 3 or x = 3. Coordinate is (3, 0).
At y-axis, x = 0. Therefore y = 0 + 3 or y = 3. Coordinate is (0, 3).
Given the second linear equation, y = 2x 4.
At x-axis, y = 0. Therefore 0 = 2x 4 or x = 2. Coordinate is (2, 0).
At y-axis, x = 0. Therefore y = 2(0) 4 or y = -4. Coordinate is (0, -4).

From the graph drawn, we can see that the intersection point at the graph is (2.3, 0.5).

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4.4.3 EQUATION OF GRAPH OF LINEAR FUNCTION

Basic of graph of linear function or straight line can be recognized by the highest power of its anu
which is 1 and the lowest power which is 0.
Example 1
State whether the graph equation below is linear or not:
a) y = 3x2 + 5x 7.
b) y = 11x + 5.
c) y + 4x = 7x3 2.
d) y 2 = 6x.
e) y 5x = 3 + 4x-1.
Solution
a) not linear, because the highest power of x is 2.
b) linear, because the highest power of x is 1.
c) not linear, because the highest power of x is 3.
d) linear, because the highest power of x is 1.
e) not linear, because the lowest power is 1.
Example 2
Given y = x2. Prove that this equation is not linear by using graph drawing.
Solution
x = -4, y = (-4)2 = 16

x = 1, y = (1)2 = 1

x = -3, y = (-3)2 = 9

x = 2, y = (2)2 = 4

x = -2, y = (-2)2 = 4

x = 3, y = (3)2 = 9

x = -1, y = (-1)2 = 1

x = 4, y = (4)2 = 16

x = 0, y = (0)2 = 0

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Table:
x

-4

-3

-2

-1

16

16

Graph drawn is as per below.

From the graph, the equation y = x2 is not creating a straight line; therefore it is not a linear
equation.

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COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH

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ACTIVITY 12b

12.1)

Given parameter x related to y1 and y2 as per below. Get the intersection point by using
graph drawing.
x
y1
y2

12.2)

-4
-4
0

-3
-2
-2

-2
0
-4

-1
2
-6

0
4
-8

1
6
-10

-6
-13
7

-5
-10
5

-4
-7
3

-3
-4
1

-2
-1
-1

-1
2
-3

0
5
-5

1
8
-7

2
11
-9

-2
-29
15

-1
-22
11

0
-15
7

1
-8
3

2
-1
-1

3
6
-5

4
13
-9

5
20
-13

6
27
-17

Given parameter x related to y1 and y2 as per below. Get the intersection point by
using graph drawing.
x
y1
y2

12.5)

-5
-6
2

Given parameter x related to y1 and y2 as per below. Get the intersection point by
using graph drawing.
x
y1
y2

12.4)

-6
-8
4

Given parameter x related to y1 and y2 as per below. Get the intersection point by
using graph drawing.
x
y1
y2

12.3)

-7
-10
6

-3
23
-25

-2
18
-18

-1
13
-11

0
8
-4

1
3
3

2
-2
10

3
-7
17

4
-12
24

5
-17
31

Given parameter x related to y1 and y2 as per below. Get the intersection point by
using graph drawing.
x
y1
13

-7
-15

-6
-12

-5
-9

-4
-6

-3
-3

-2
0

-1
3

0
6

1
9

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y2

BA101/CHAPTER4
-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

12.6)

2 graph of linear function with the equation y = -x + 5 and y = 3. Draw both graph on the
same axis and from the graph, get the intersection point.

12.7)

By using suitable scale, plot two straight line with the equation y = -x + 5 and
1. From the graph, get the intersection point.

y=x

12.8) Two straight line with the equation y = -x + 5 and y = x 1

are met at point A(p, q). Draw a suitable graph to find the value of p and q.
12.9) Get the intersection point for two straight line with the equation
y = 2x + 3 and y = -9/2 x + 9.

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FEEDBACK

12.1)

(-3,-2)

12.2)

(-2, -1)

12.3)

(-2,-1)

12.4)

(1, 3)

12.5)

(-3, -3)

12.6)

(2 , 3)

12.7)

(4 , 1)

12.8)

(p, q) = (1 , 5)

12.9)

(4 , 1)

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ASSESSMENT

12.1)

Based on the data below, draw a graph y against x and get the gradient and interception at
y-axis. Then, create a complete linear equation.
x
y

12.2)

-8
5

-5.5
3

-4.5
2.5

-3
1

-1.5
-0.5

-0.5
-1

0.5
-1.5

2
-3

3.5
-4.5

4.5
-5

7
-7

Draw a graph y against x from the table below and get the gradient and interception at yaxis. Then, create a complete linear equation
x
y

12.3)

-4
5

-3
4

-2
3

-1
2

0
1

1
0

2
-1

3
-2

4
-3

5
-4

Based on the data below, draw a graph y against x and get the gradient and interception at
y-axis. Then, create a complete linear equation.
x
y

12.4)

-9
-7

-6.5
-3.5

-4
-1

-3.5
0

-1.5
2.5

1.5
6

2
7

3.5
9

4
10

5.5
11.5

Draw a graph for one linear which passing points R( 2 , -3 ) and S( 0 , 1 ). From the linear,
get the interception at y-axis, the gradient, the distance of RS and one complete linear
equation for that line.

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COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH

12.5)

One straight line passing through points X( 2 , -3 ) and Q( -3 , 1 ). Plot one graph and get
the interception at y-axis, the gradient, the distance of XQ and one complete linear
equation.
Get the intersection point for linear equation y = 15/8 x 83 and y = 3/2 x 15 by using
graph drawing.

12.6)

12.7)

Draw the graphs on the same axis and get the intersection point for linear equation y = - x
+ 1 and y = 7.5/6 x 3.5
Plot the graph from linear equation y = 4x - 7 and y = -3x +7 and get the intersection point.

12.8)
12.9)

BA101/CHAPTER4

Given parameter x related to y1 and y2 as per below. Get the intersection point by drawing
graph.
x
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
y1
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
y2
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8

12.10) Given parameter x related to y1 and y2 as per below. Get the intersection point by drawing
graph.
x
y1
y2

4
-2
10

5
0
9

6
2
8

7
4
7

8
6
6

9
8
5

10
10
4

11
12
3

12
14
2

FEEDBACK

12.1)

m = -4/5 , c(0, -7/5), y = -4/5 x 7/5

12.2)

m = -1, c(0, 1), y = -x + 1

12.3)

m = 9/7, c(0, 9/2), y = 9/7 x + 9/2

12.4)

c (0, 1), m = -1 , RS = 4.24 unit, y = - x + 1

12.5)

c(0, -7/5), m = -4/5 , XQ = 6.40 unit, y = -4/5 x 7/5

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12.6)

(20, 45)

12.7)

(2, -1)

12.8)

(2, -2)

12.9)

(3, 0)

BA101/CHAPTER4

12.10) (8, 6)

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4.5 COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH (Quadratic Graph)

4.5.0

INTRODUCTION

If y and x is 2 anus in one quadratic graph with the situation y against x, so the equation of
quadratic graph is y = ax2 + bx + c. The a, b and c can be categorized as constant, while c is the
intercept at y-axis.
4.5.1 DRAWING QUADRATIC GRAPH FROM TABLE
Example 13.1
Given y = x2. Build a table from x = -4 until x = 4. From the table, draw a quadratic graph.
Solution
x = -4, y = (-4)2 = 16
x = -3, y = (-3)2 = 9
x = -2, y = (-2)2 = 4
x = -1, y = (-1)2 = 1
x = 0, y = (0)2 = 0
Table:
x
y

-4
16

-3
9

x = 1,
x = 2,
x = 3,
x = 4,

-2
4

-1
1

0
0

y = (1)2 = 1
y = (2)2 = 4
y = (3)2 = 9
y = (4)2 = 16

1
1

2
4

3
9

4
16

The graph drawn is as below.

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4.5.2 THE INTERSECTION POINT OF QUADRATIC GRAPH AND LINEAR GRAPH

Example 13.2
Draw the graph from equation y = 4x2 + 7x 5 and y = -5x + 20, by using the value of x = -6 until
x = 4. From the graph, determine the intersection points.
Solution
Given the first equation y = 4x2 + 7x 5. At y-axis, x = 0. Therefore y = 4(0)2 + 7(0) 5 or y = -5.
At x-axis, y = 0. Therefore 0 = 4x2 + 7x 5. By using the quadratic formula,

7 49 4(4)(5) 7 49 80 7 129
So, x1 = -2.3 or x2 = 0.5 .

2(4)
8
8

x1 x2 2.3 0.5

0.9 and y3 = 4(-0.9)2 +7(-0.9) 5 = -8.1

2
2
Next values can be found by using calculator as per below:
Midpoint x3

x
y

-6
97

-4
31

-2.3
0

-2
-3

-0.9
-8.1

0
-5

0.5
0

2
25

4
87

Given the second equation y = -5x + 20. At y-axis, x = 0. Therefore y = -5(0) + 20 or

y= 20.
At x-axis, y = 0. Therefore 0 = -5x + 20 or x = 4. Table of linear graph is as per below:
x
0
4
y
20 0

20

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From the graph, the intersection point is at ( -4.4, 42) and (1.4, 10).
4.5.3 THE INTERSECTION POINT OF 2 CURVES
Example 13.3
Determine the intersection points from two curves with the equation
y = x2 + x 6 and y = x2 + x +2.
Solution
Given the first equation y = x2 + x 6. At y-axis, x = 0. So, y = (0)2 + 0 6 or y = -6.
At x-axis, y = 0. Therefore 0 = x2 + x 6. By using factorisation method,
0 = (x + 3)(x 2), or
x1 = -3 and x2 = 2. Midpoint x3

3 2
0.5 and y3 = (-0.5)2 + (-0.5) 6 = -6.25.
2

The table as per below:

x

-3

-2

-1

-0.5

2.5

-4

-6

-6.25

-6

-4

2.756

Given the second equation y = x2 + x +2. At y-axis, x = 0. Therefore y = -(0)2 + 2(0) + 2 or y = 2.

At x-axis, y = 0. Therefore 0 = -x2 + x + 2. By using factorisation method,
0 = (-x + 2)(x +1), or x1 = 2 and x2 = -1. Midpoint x3

2 1
0.5 and
2

y3 = -(0.5)2 + (0.5) +2 = 3.25.

The table as per below:
x

-3

-2

-1

0.5

-10

-4

2.25

-4

A graph can be drawn by using the above table.

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From the graph drawn, we can see that the intersection points of the graph is at
and (2, 0).

(-2, -4)

ACTIVITY 13
13.1

Given one curve equation y = x2 + x 1. Develop an

appropriate table and plot a quadratic graph from it. From the graph, get all the possible
values for x if 0 = x2 + x 1.

13.2

Given one quadratic graph with the equation y = 4 - x2. Draw the graph and determine the
x values if y = 0.

13.3

Given one curve with the equation y = x2 4x + 3. Plot a quadratic graph and get the
coordinate points of the graph when it intercept at x-axis.

13.4

Given one quadratic equation y = -x2 4x + 5 and one linear equation

y = -x + 5 met at two intersection points. Draw the graphs on the same axes and from the
graph, get the intersection points.

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13.5

Two kind of graphs that are drawn on the same axes which are y = -x2 2x + 8 and y = 4x + 4 have two intersection points. Find the intersection points.

13.6

Two graph equation which are y = 5x 15 and y = x2 2x 15 met for two times.
Determine the points from graph drawing.

13.3

Get the intersection coordinate for two graph equation

y = x2 9 and y = -x + 2 from graph drawing.

13.8

Given two quadratic equation which are y = x2 + 2x 3 and y = -x2 + 2x + 8. Draw the
suitable graphs on the same axes and determine the intersection points of the graph.

13.9

Two quadratic graphs with the equation y = -2x2 - 7x + 6 and y = x2 + x 2 are drawn on
one same axes. Get the intersection points of the graphs.

13.10 Two quadratic graphs with the equation y = 2x2 + 5x 3 and

y = -2x2 - x + 6 are drawn on the same axes which met two times. Get the coordinates of
the meeting points.

FEEDBACK 13

13.1

x = 1, x = -2

13.2

x = 2, x = -2

13.3

x = 1, x = 3

13.4

(0, 5) and (5, 0)

13.5

(-1.3, 9.2) and (3.3, -9.2)

13.6

(0, 15) and (7, 20)

13.7

(-3.9, 5.9) and (2.9, 0.9)

13.8

(2.3, 6.9) and (-2.3, -2.3)

13.9

(0.8, -0.6) and (-3.4, 6.2)

13.10

(-2.4, -3.1) and (0.9, 3.5)

23

Prepared By : Nur Haslinda Mohd Sailan

COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH

BA101/CHAPTER4

ASSESSMENT

13.1) Based on the above data, draw the graph and get the gradient and the intercept at y-axis for
each graph. Then, create one complete linear equation and the distance for the straight
line.
x
y

0
1

1
3

2
5

3
7

4
9

5
11

6
13

7
15

8
17

9
19

10
21

13.2) Draw one linear graph which passing points A(-1 , 2) and B(-4 , -1).
From the linear graph, get the coordinate at y-intercept, the gradient, distance of AB and
the graph equation.
13.3)

One linear graphs with the points C( 3 , 4 ) and D( 1 , -4 ). Plot the graph and find the
coordinate at y-intercept, the gradient, distance of CD and the graph equation.

13.4)

Get the intersection points for these graph equation y = x + 3 and y = -x + 6.

13.5)

Two equation of linear graph are given by y = 4x - 8 and y = 4/3 x. Plot the suitable graphs
on the same axes and from the graphs, determine the coordinate of the intersection point.

13.6)

Given one quadratic graph with the equation y = 2x 2 4x 6. Draw the graph from the
equation given and get the coordinate points when the graph intercept at x-axis.

13.7)

One curve y = x2 + 2x 15 and one straight line y = -2x 8 sharing two intersection points.
Create the suitable graphs on the same axes and from the graphs, get the intersection
points.

13.8)

Given one linear graph with the equation y = 4x + 8 and one quadratic graph with the
equation y = 16 - x2 met twice on the same axes. Find the meeting points by using graph
drawing.

24

Prepared By : Nur Haslinda Mohd Sailan

COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND GRAPH

BA101/CHAPTER4

13.9) Two graph equation y = x2 - 9 and y = -x2 - 2x + 8 have two intersection points. Plot both
graphs on the same axes and find the intersection points.
13.10) Two curves y = -x2 - x + 2 and y = x2 - x 2 met twice on the same axes. Get both
intersection points from the graph drawing.

FEEDBACK

13.1)

m = -2 , c(0, 1), y = -2x + 1 , distance = 15.65 unit

13.2)

c(0, 3) , m = 1 , y = x + 3 , distance = 4.24 unit

13.3)

c(0, -8) , m = 4 , y = 4x - 8 , distance = 8.25 unit

13.4)

( 1.5 , 4.5 )

13.5)

( 1.5 , -2 )

13.6)

x = -1, x = 3

13.7)

(2.6, -2.8) and (-2.6, -13.2)

13.8)

(1.5, 14) and (-5.5, -14)

13.9)

(2.5, -3.3) and (-3.5, 2.8)

13.10)

(1.4, -1.4) and (-1.4, 1.4)

25

Prepared By : Nur Haslinda Mohd Sailan