BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

The practice exam is intended to give an idea of the kind of questions and detail one can
expect on exams in BOT 101. It is not intended to be a complete review of the material.
Most of the questions below cover topics that were discussed in class, but due to time
constraints, not all topics below have been adequately covered.
1) When we say that life is made up of organic compounds, that means they all
contain
a)
b)
c)
d)

Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
2) Why are mitochondria important to cells?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

They are the site of photosynthesis

They are the site of aerobic respiration
They are the site of anaerobic respiration
They contain all the genetic information
a and d

3) Which is NOT a proposed function of the central vacuole?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Cell growth
Protection against predators
Storage of metabolic waste
Storage of pigments
All of the above
4) Mitosis occurs in

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Dermal tissue
Ground tissue
Meristem tissue
Vascular tissue
All of the above

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

5) To open, the guard cells of the stomata fill with

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Air
Carbon dioxide
Water
They dont fill with anything, they are always open
Microtubules
6). Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

growth
response
reproduction
movement
organic composition

7) Proteins are long chains of molecules called ___________ that are composed of ____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

polymers, amino acids

polysaccharides, glucose
ribosomes, nucleotides
nucleic acids, nucleotides
enzymes, peptide bonds
8) The most common monosaccharide carbohydrate in the world is

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

glucose
sucrose
maltose
galactose
cellulose
9) The source of oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from the following molecule

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

H20 (water)
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
ATP
Sunlight
Chlorophyll

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

10) Diffusion of gases into and out of leaves occurs through openings called _________
through the process of _________ ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

companion cells, bulk flow

stomata, transpiration
guard cells, evaporation
pores, respiration
tracheids, photosynthesis
11) Which of the following cells are involved in the transpiration cohesion theory in
angiosperms?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

guard cells
vessel elements
tracheids
a and b
all of the above
12) How has the understanding of how plants evolved changed in the last 300 years?
a) plants are now defined only as those organisms that photosynthesize
b) plants are now defined only as those organisms that produce flowers
c) all plants are reproductively isolated from one another
d) all plants are polyploids (they have more than 2 copies of each chromosome)
e) Plants share a common ancestor with green algae
13) Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?
a) Plantae
b) Archaea
c) Bacteria
d) Eukaryotes
e) none of the above are three domains of life
14) The main difference between a hypothesis and a theory in science is
a) a theory is commonly referred to as a guess while a hypothesis has considerable support
b) a theory is a way of explaining the world without significant evidence to back it up
c) hypotheses are theories that overturn existing dogma
d) a theory has been built by experimentally testing multiple hypotheses and therefore has
considerable support
e) there is no difference between a theory and a hypothesis

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

15) A major chemical component of the primary cell wall that provides support is
a) protein
b) starch
c) cellulose
d) lignin
e) phospholipids
16) Diffusion occurs in a liquid when
a) solids are dissolved in a liquid
b) it is in living cells
c) when water evaporates from stomata
d) when a concentration gradient exists between two areas
e) energy is expended across a membrane
17) The organelle that modifies and packages proteins made by the endoplasmic
reticulum into vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell is the
a) ribosome
b) plastome
c) vacuole
d) Glogi apparatus
e) nucleus
18) The genetic blueprint that codes for proteins is ____________ and it is found within
the _______ .
a) a ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum
b) DNA, nucleus
c) amino acids, nucleolus
d) RNA, mitochondrion
e) a gene, cytoplasm
19) If a cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many daughter cells result
and what is the chromosome number of each daughter cell?
a) 2 cells, 6 chromosomes each
b) 4 cells, 6 chromosomes each
c) 2 cells, 12 chromosomes each
d) 4 cells, 12 chromosomes each
e) 12 cells, 1 chromosome each

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

20) The material that makes up the middle lamella of a cell and is used to turn fruit
juice into jelly is
a) lignin
b) suberin
c) pectin
d) cutin
e) fibers
21) The cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells are known as
a) microtubules
b) endoplasmic reticulum
c) plasmodesmata
d) companion cells
e) endoplasmic reticulum
22) What cellular structure is described by the fluid mosaic model
a) primary cell wall
b) plasma membrane
c) secondary cell wall
d) guard cells
e) cytoskeleton
23) Which of the following is not a general characteristic of plants?
a) they have an alternation of generations
b) they have a rigid cell wall
c) they have hemoglobin
d) they have chlorophyll
e) they share a common ancestor with algae
24) Which of the following cell type is classified as sclerenchyma?
a) vessel
b) parenchyma
c) fiber
d) lignin
e) sieve tube

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

25) When a botanist speaks of wood, the anatomical term for wood is
a) the entire tree
b) angiosperms
c) vascular cambium
d) primary phloem
e) secondary xylem
26) The plant tissues that provide the most support to a plant are
a) apical meristem and vascular cambium
b) epidermis and phloem
c) parenchyma and cork
d) schlerenchyma and collenchyma
27) Which tissue in plants is specialized for transporting nutrients?
a) xylem
b) phloem
c) epidermis
d) guard cells
e) parenchyma
28) The hardness of shells of nuts and seeds of many fruits is due to which type of cell?
a) sclerids
b) companion cells
c) fibers
d) guard cells
e) phloem
29) The most common gas component of Earths atmosphere is
a) CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
b) N2 (Nitrogen)
c) O2 Oxygen
d) Methane (CH4)
e) Carbon 14

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

30) Evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from a
bacterial ancestor includes which of the following
a) These organelles have their DNA in a circular genome
b) These organelles have a reduced genome relative to bacterial DNA
c) New organelles arise only from existing organelles
d) DNA in organelles is more related to bacterial DNA than the host DNA
e) all of the above are evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and
chloroplasts
31) The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the
a) stroma
b) leucoplast
c) vacuole
d) mitochondrion
e) thylakoid membrane
32) The energy molecule that is produced in the mitochondrion and chloroplast through
photosynthesis and respiration is
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) ATP
d) glucose
e) all of the above
33) The raw material for the manufacture of sugars in green plants through
photosynthesis is
a) minerals from the soil
b) dead organic matter
c) carbon dioxide and water
d) starch
e) sucrose and glucose
34) Pyruvic acid is the end product of
a) the Krebs cycle
b) glycolysis
c) the electron transport system
d) the Calvin cycle
e) fermentation

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

35) The reaction center in photosystem I is called P700. The 700 refers to what?
a) the number of photons captured by this protein
b) the number of proteins in the reaction center
c) the number of ATP produced in this reaction
d) the wavelength of light captured by this system
e) none of the above
\
36) Which of the following stages of respiration yields the greatest quantity of energy
a) glycolysis
b) fermentation
c) the electron transport system
d) the Krebs cycle
e) the Calvin cycle
37) Which of the following is a component of the female part of the flower
a) anther
b) style
c) petal
d) sepal
e) pedicel
38) Which is a component of the male part of the flower
a) anther
b) style
c) petal
d) sepal
e) pedicel
39) Where in a plant does meiosis occur
a) anthers
b) stems
c) lateral meristems
d) petals
e) none of the above

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

40) The flower parts that are colorful and showy and whose main function is to attract
pollinators are the:
a) sepals
b) petals
c) stamens
d) style
e) filaments
41) A gametophyte is ______, while the sporophyte is _______.
a) diploid, haploid
b) sexual, nonsexual
c) haploid, diploid
d) a megaspore, a microspore
e) none of the above
42) At the conclusion of meiosis, daughter cells have:
a) half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
b) twice the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
c) the same number of chromosomes of the parent cell
d) none of the above
43) What is the primary function of flower nectar?
a) provides protection to the carpel of a flower
b) provides a food reward for pollinators
c) adds scent to a flower to make it unattractive to some pollinators
d) all of the above
e) b and c
44). Which is a component of the female part of the flower?
A. filament
B. style
C. corolla
D. calyx
E. receptacle
45. Which is a component of the male part of the flower?
A. filament
B. style
C. corolla
D. calyx
E. receptacle

BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

46. After fertilization, the ovary of a flower develops into a:

A. seed
B. fruit
C. pistil
D. stamen
E. none of the above
47. The part of the flower where pollen is produced is called the:
A. ovary
B. anther
C. sepal
D. carpel
E. stigma
48. The flower parts which are usually colorful and showy and whose function is to
attract pollinators are the:
A. stamens
B. pistils
C. petals
D. sepals
49. The pollen tube of the germinated pollen grain serves to:
A. deliver the sperm to the female gametophyte
B. anchor the pollen grain on the stigma of the flower
C. deliver nutrients to the ovule within the ovary
D. none of the above
50. Pollen grains are transferred to the stigma of a flower during:
A. fertilization
B. germination
C. imbibition
D. pollination
E. meiosis
51. Sperm of flowering plants are transferred to the egg by the:
A. pollen tube
B. swimming through water
C. wind
D. an ovule
E. insects
52. Flowers pollinated by birds are often:
A. heavily scented
B. night bloomers

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BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

C. red
D. speckled to resemble insects
E. lacking petals
53. Fly pollinated flowers are usually:
A. foul smelling
B. rich in nectar
C. lacking both petals and sepals
D. prodigious pollen producers
E. none of the above
54. What part of the flower develops into a seed after fertilization?
A. ovary
B. carpel
C. sepal
D. ovule
55. Each segment of an orange develops from a:
A. sepal
B. stamen
C. anther
D. carpel
56. After fertilization, the ovary of a flower develops into a:
A. seed
B. fruit
C. pistil
D. stamen
FILL IN THE BLANK
1. A _______ cell has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
2. _______ is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism.
3. The four major groups of organic compounds found in organisms are: ____, ____, ____, and
____.
4. The dominant land plants and the ones that are most economically important are the _______.
5. An example of a disaccharide is _______.
6. _______ is the most commonly transported sugar in plants.

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BOTANY 101 PRATICE MIDTERM I

7. A ______ cell lacks an organized nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

8. _______ is a type of lipid that functions as a food reserve in many organisms.
9. The name "double helix" refers to the shape of the _____ molecule.
10. The disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules commonly used in brewing is ______.
11. The loss of water vapor from a leaf is known as _______.
12. _______ is the most essential pigment for photosynthesis.
13. The compound transported in the phloem of most plants is _______.
14. Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen is known as _______.
15. The infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called the ________.
16. Grana are composed of stacks of ________.
17. _______ is the end product of photosynthesis which is quickly converted to other
carbohydrates.
18. During aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down completely to form ______ and _______.

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