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INTRODUCTION
Mycology is a well-recognized, valuable component of the daily responsibilities
of the clinical microbiology laboratory. The list of the opportunistic fungal
pathogens is increasing at an impressive rate that is related to the expanding size
of the immune-compromised patient population. As a result, laboratory
technologists must be able to recognize an increasing large group of potential
fungal pathogen
OBSERVATIONS
Hair
Skin
1
Nails
Isolation media:
1. SDA plus antibiotics and cycloheximide (SDACGC
2. SDACG (SDA Plus Antibiotics
Observation :
Trichophyton violaceum
Color Pink
Texture Waxy
Microscopic canis
Color White with yellow reverse color
Texture Woolly
2
Trichophyton rubrum
Color White with brown to red reverse color
Texture downy to fluffy
Microscopic morphology:
Arrangement of the conidia (macroconidia or macroconidia) and other structure
may determine by teased mounts or slide culture preparations mounted in
lactophenol cotton blue. Some times special media may be used such as Corn
Meal Agar or Potato Dextrose Agar may be used to stimulate sporluation.
T. violaceum
M. canis
3
Physiological tests
a. In vitro hair perforation test:
A number of dermatophytes have the ability to penetrate hair in vitro. This test
becomes helpful in distinguishing atypical isolates of dermatophytes, especially
T. mentagrophytes from T. rubrum. The hyphae of T. mentagrophytes penetrate
the hair perpendicularly, which results in conical, wedge like, or holes called
perforations. The presence or absence of perforation is the end point for this test.
The test is not read as negative until 28 days.
c. Urea hydrolysis:
Using Christensen’s Urea Agar or Broth the test is useful for differentiating T.
rubrum (urease negative) from T. mentagrophytes (urease positive), at the end of
seven days after incubation period at 25C. A color change from pale blue to
violet purple indicates an alkaline reaction.
4
Pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor):
a. Direct microscopic examination :
Skin scrapings are mounted in 10% KOH plus India ink or in lactophenol Cotton
blue.
Observation :
b. Isolation media:
SDACG plus 2% Olive oil or Tween 80
5
Identification of yeast of medical importance with reference to
Candida spp using the following scheme
Negative positive
+Chlamydospores
Hyphae absent hyphae present
Biochemical tests
(+) (-)
C. glabrate S. cervisiae
6
Identification of C. albicans and other Candida spps:
a. Germ tube test:
A small portion of an isolate colony of the yeast is suspended in a test tube
containing 0.5 ml of rabbit or human serum or plasma. The test tube is
inoculated at 30C for 2-3hr and examined microscopically for the presence of
germ tubes.
Observations:
C. albicans produce germ tube
b. Chlamydospore production:
For the differentiation of C. albicans from other Candida spps using Corn Meal
Agar plus 0.02 % Tween 80
Observation:
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Capsulated Cryptococcus neoformans