Gamma Ray and Spontaneous Potential

Schlumberger

Gamma Ray Corrections for Hole Size and Mud Weight

GR-1

For 3 3 8-in. and 11116-in. SGT wireline gamma ray tools

10.0

GR

7.0
red
nte
e
c
l,

Correction factor

5.0
-in.
33 8

3.0

111 16

2.0

too

ool,
-in. t

ered
cent

338-in. tool, eccentered

11116-in. tool, eccentered

1.0
0.7
0.5

0.3
0

10

15

20
t (g/cm

25

30

35

40

2)

Schlumberger

Log interpretation Charts GR-1 and GR-2, replacing Chart Por-7,

are based on laboratory work and Monte Carlo calculations to
provide improved corrections for 3 38- and 11116-in. SGT gamma
ray tools. The corrections normalize the response of both tools to
eccentered positions in an 8-in. borehole with 10-lbm mud. Chart
GR-2 provides a correction for barite mud in small boreholes.
Although these charts are more difficult to use than the ones
they replaced, the results are more exact since they are normalized to current tools, no interpolation is required, and the ranges
are extended.
The input parameter, t, in g/cm2, is calculated as follows:
t=

Wmud 2.54 (d hole ) 2.54 (d sonde )

8.345
2
2

The correction for standoff is

2

S Sm
CF = CFm + (CFo CFm )
.
Sm
CF m is the correction factor for centered tools, while CFo is the
correction factor for eccentered tools. Both are corrected for
barite if it is present in the borehole. S is the actual standoff, and
Sm is the standoff with the tool centered.
Example: GR reads 36 API units, d h is 12 in., and mud weight
is 12 lbm/gal. The tool is 3 38 in. and centered.
Therefore, t = 15.8 g/cm2, resulting in a correction factor of 1.6.
The corrected GR = 58 API units.

2-1

HERRAMIENTA
CENTRADA

GRmincorregido=(1.6)(33)=52.8API

GRmnaxcorregido=(1.5)(92)=138API
1.6

GR(12)=(1.5)(44)=66API

ish=66-52.8/238-52.8=0.15
3aproximacion
8.2

GR
MAX

GR
MIN

8`MIDE
EL
CALIP

0.07
0.06
0.16

0.18

U=2 PPM
GRmin
=10-8(2)=-6=0

GR MIN=
10 API

GR Max=
8610 API

u=1.5ppm
=86-8(1.5)=74API

0.88 PPM
GGR=GR-U
=27-8(0.8)=20.6
T

27 API

Crossplots for Porosity, Lithology and Saturation

Schlumberger

Mineral Identification from

NGS* Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometry Log

CP-19

CP

15

Th
/K
:1
2

Possible 100% kaolinite,

montmorillonite,
illite clay line

.5
K: 3
Th/

~70% illite

clay
yer
a
l
ed
Mix

10

: 2.0
Th/K
~40%
mica

Illite

s
Mica

~30% glauconite
Glauconite

te
lori
Ch

Th/K: 0.6
Th/K: 0.3

Feldspar

Potassium evaporites, ~30% feldspar

0
0

*Mark of Schlumberger
Schlumberger

Radioactive minerals often occur in relatively small concentrations in sedimentary rocks. Even shales typically contain only
30 to 70% radioactive clay minerals.
Unless there is a complex mixture of radioactive minerals
in the formation, Chart CP-19 can be used to identify the more
common ones. The ratio of thorium to uranium activitythe

4-30

100% illite point

Kaolinite

M
on
tm
or
illo
nit
e

Thorium (ppm)

20

Th/K
: 25

Hea
vy th
oriu
m-b
eari
ng m
iner
als

25

Potassium (%)

thorium/potassium ratio, Th/Kdoes not vary with mineral

concentration. A sandstone reservoir with varying amounts of
shaliness, with illite as the principal clay mineral, usually plots
in the illite segment of the chart, with Th/K between 2.0 and 2.5.
Less shaly parts of the reservoir plot closer to the origin, and
more shaly parts plot closer to the 70% illite area.