The need for money 1.

__ from the fact that different people in society produce different

things. This 2.__ that people 3.___ on each other for goods and 4.___ . Let us take the
5.__of a farmer who produces more food than he requires and a carpenter who earns a 6.__
by selling the tables and chairs that he has made. It will be obvious that 7.__ some means of
exchange is found, the farmer will not be able to get 8.__ of his surplus food and the
carpenter, having nothing to eat, will 9.__ to death! Clearly, the possible means of exchange
for them to use will be barter in other 10.___ to exchange a certain amount of one kind of
goods ( 11. ___ say flour ) for a certain amount of another (tables or chairs, in this case).
Obviously, barter can 12.__ only in very simple society. In an 13. ____ society one cannot go
around carrying things in the 14.___ that he can exchange them for the right things he
needs.
So, we need something that will stand for the goods and services that we want to exchange.
That 15.__ for the origin of money
1. comes 2.means 3.depend 4.food 5.example 6.living 7.unless 8.rid 9.starve 10.words
11.Lets 12.work 13.advanced 14.hope 15.accounts
Many tourists who visit Central America find 1._ surprising to learn that the Mayas still live
ther. 2._ it is true that their ancient civilization came to an end when their country was 3._
over by the Spainish conquistadors, the Mayan people carried 4._ living in the area. Today
there are an estimated 1.2 million Mayas 5._ live in southern Mexico, and many other areas
of Central America states have large Mayan populations as 6._
Many of their stories and art forms have remained 7._ over time and today, women weave
clothing and carpets that have signs and symbols that are the same as 8._ found in ancient
temples.
The different patterns and symbols on these brightly coloured 9.__ not only look attractive,
10._ can also communicate important information such as marital 11._
Even though the majority of the Mayas are now Catholics, many of the festivals that they
12._ part in are a mixture of the old rituals that their ancestors 13._ to practise and more
modern Christian elements. It was perhaps the Mayas ability to 14._ and change that made
it possible for them to survive the the 15._ day.
1. it 2. Although 3. taken 4. on 5. who 6. well 7.unchanged 8.those 9.clothes 10.but 11.status
12.take 13.used 14. adapt 15.present

The ownership of pets brings a (1)_______ of benefit that the uninitiated would never
believe. For every tale of shredded cushions, flattened plants and chewed slippers, there is
(2)_______ testimonial of intelligence, sympathy and undying devotion. Now the growing
body of (3)_______ into the medical and social advantages of pet ownership has confirmed
(4)_______ pet owners have always intuitively known that pets are not just loving
companions but actually (5)_______ us good. Researchers have established the value of
pets in soothing and reassuring humans, particularly (6)_______ ill, lonely or in distress.
Perhaps the unquestioning love and approval pets give us is something we dont always get
from our human (7)_______ and dearest.
Our makeshift understanding of psychology leads many of us to view very close
relationships with pets with suspicion. Childless (8)_______ in particular give rise to
speculation, but a consultant in animal behavior says, There is no evidence that a pet is a
direct substitute for a child. And (9)_______ many adults feel foolish if caught talking to
their pets, they have no need to. The experts say that you cannot have a close relationship

with a pet (10)_______ treating it as a person and (11)_______ talking to a pet is not
unhealthy simply a way of establishing rapport.
The wobbling helplessness of a young puppy or a fluffy kitten stirs protective instincts
(12)_______ within us and prompts many parents to buy pets for their children in the
(13)_______ of instilling a sense of responsibility and caring and acceptance of the facts of
life and (14)_______. But animals dont have to be soft and cuddly to (15)_______ out the
best in us. A social worker encouraged aggressive boys to handle ferrets If handled
correctly they respond with friendship; if incorrectly they bite.
1. variety/range 2.another 3. research 4. what 5. do 6. when 7.nearest 8.couples 9.
(mean)while/whereas 10.without 11.that 12.deep 13.hope 14.death 15.bring

LAQUILA, Italy A powerful earthquake 1.__central Italy early Monday, killing at least 20
people, collapsing buildings and leaving thousands of people homeless, officials and news
reports said.
Officials said the death 2._ was likely to rise as rescure crews made their way through the
3._ . Firefighters aided by dogs were trying to rescue people from crumbled homes, 4._ a
student dormitory in the city of LAquila 5._ half a dozen university students were believed
trapped. Outside the half-collapsed dorm, tearful students huddled together 6._ in blankets,
some still in their slippers. We 7.__ to come down with other students but we had to 8._
through a hole in the sairs as the whole floor came down, said student Luigi Alfonsi, 22. I
was in bed it was like it 9_ never end as I heard pieces of the building collapse around
me.
The U.S Geological Survey said the 10._ of the quake was 6.3, though Italys National
Institute of Geophysics 11._ it at 5.8. The quake happened about 70 miles (110 kilometers)
northeast of Rome at 3:32 a.m. 12_ time (01:32 GMT), officials said. The Civil Protection
Department said the epicenter was near LAquila, in the mountainous Abruzzo region.
By early morning, the 13._ of people who died stood at 20, including five children, with some
30 people unaccounted for, paramilitary police said. In addition to LAquila, the town of
Castelnuovo appeared 14._ hit, with five of the dead there. Its the 15.__ tragedy since the
start of the milennium, said Guido Bertolaso, the head of the Civil Protection Department.
1. struck 2.toll 3.debris 4.including 5.where 6.wrapped 7.managed 8.sneak 9.would
10.magnitude 11.put 12.local 13.number 14.hard 15.worst

Why do some artists 16._ it? Who do others fail? Is it possible that successful artists share
certain character 17._ ? They probably do. Although they may have 18.__ styles and
interests, they have a lot in 19._ , too. You can call it what you will: passion, drive,
persistence. The 20._ rarely has it. The professional artist generally 21._ . It may emerge as
a firce ambition or infinite patience. The true artist shows a willingness to work hard, no
matter what. Time barely 22._ ; only the creative result is important.
For example, when the artist Ralph Fasanella read about a millworkers 23,_ that happened
in Lawrence Massachusetts in 1912, he decided he had to go there 24._ to see the town.
After arriving, he 25._ into a cheap hotel, spent evenings in a local library, visited the
museums, and examined the old mill machinery to understand the 26._ . Eventually, he
began to draw quick 27._ , Before long, Fasanella was 28._ 12 to 14 hours a day to his
paintings, 29._ depicted the strike and the lives of the millworkers. Ultimately, he spent three
years in the community, talking to people, drawing, and doing a series of paintings. He
simply had to paint. Fasanella had never studied art, but his work 30._ out for its energy and
detail.
16. make 17.traits 18.different 19.common 20. amateur 21.does 22.matters/counts 23.strike
24.himself 25.checked 26.details 27.sketches 28. devoting 29.which 30. stood