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RM Bridge V8i
December 2011
RM Bridge
Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
Contents
1
1.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Definition of Load Cases for the Creep and Shrinkage Effects ..................... 6-7
7.2
7.2.1
Activation................................................................................................... 7-2
7.2.2
Bentley Systems
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RM Bridge
Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
8.2
9
II
9.2
11.2
12.2
Bentley Systems
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RM Bridge
Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
1-1
General
The understanding of basic definitions and concepts as given in the Getting Started example is assumed in the following example.
The principles shown in the Getting Started example for Modeler and Analyzer:
Defining the structural model
Defining a tendon geometry
Defining loads
Defining a traffic loading case
Defining a construction schedule
Running the calculation
Viewing the results
Fiber stress check
Ultimate load check
Shear capacity check
To start the program, use the desktop icon or select the icon from the Windows Start
menu at All Programs, Bentley.
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RM Bridge
Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
2-1
The span lengths of the pre-stressed concrete girder are 40m, 60 m and 40m. The height
of the box cross-section is variable along the curved bridge axis.
40m
A2
60m
10x4m
15x4m
A3
40m
A4
10x4m
20m
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Station: 0-20 m
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
2-2
Station: 20-70 m
Station: 70-140 m
Station: 0-65 m
Station: 65-140 m
R=2000m
Pier at A2:
Height: 20m (4 Elements each 5m).
Pier at A 3:
Height: 20m (4 Elements each 5m).
Numbering system:
Node numbers (span) : 101-111-126-136
Element numbers (span) : 101-110,111-125,126-135
Active elements:
Construction Stage 1: 101-113, 1100-1103, 1200-1204
Construction Stage 2: 114-128, 1300-1304
Construction Stage 3: 129-135, 1400-1403
Bentley Systems
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RM Bridge
Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
A1
A2
40m
2-3
12m
10x4m
Stage 1:
113
A1
A2
A3
40m
60m
10x4m
15x4m
12m
Stage 2:
128
A1
40m
A2
10x4m
A3
60m
40m
15x4m
A4
10x4m
Stage 3:
135
Axis 1
Axis 2
Axis 4
Axis 3
1102
1402
101-110
111-125
1101
126-135
1401
Z
X
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
2-4
2.2 Cross-Section
13,0 m
6,5 m
6,5 m
0,40m
0,40m
12,2 m
3,00 m
2,00 m
1,50m
1,50m
2,00 m
3,00 m
0,90 m
0,20 m
0,25m
Y
0,25m
Z
h_cs_tab(sg)
d_web_tab(sg)
4,0m
5,0 m
d_bot_tab(sg)
0,15 m
1,5m
1,0m
1,0m
1,5m
4,0m
Y
Z
Spring 1101
Node 1101
Node 0
2,40m
Spring 1102
Spring 1100
2,40m
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
2-5
AXIS 4
Node 136
Y
Z
Node 1401
Spring 1401
Spring 1402
Spring 1400
Node 0
2,40m
2,40m
1.5m
5.0m
Y
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
2-6
CX [kN/m]
1e8
1e8
1e8
1e8
1e8
1e8
CY [kN/m]
1e8
CZ [kN/m]
1e8
1e8
CMX [kNm]
1e8
CMY [kNm]
1e8
CMZ [kNm]
1e8
1e8
1e8
1e8
1e8
1e8
1e8
2.3 Substructure
Axis 2
111
seg1
Segment 1
Connection point
seg2
Pier 1
20m
seg2
Pier 1
1204
1203
1202
1201
Start of segment 2
126
seg1
Segment 1
Connection point
Connection point
Seg3
Pier 2
20m
Seg3
Pier 2
1304
Start of segment 3
1303
1302
1301
0
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
2-7
101
16 m
104
40m
60 m
12 m
111
108
18 m
18 m
12 m
114
118
12 m
123
12 m
126
16 m
129
12 m
133
135
Tendon 101
Tendon 103
Tendon 102
span 1:
span 2:
span 3:
Bentley Systems
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
3-1
Lesson 6: Analyzer
In the following chapters further inputs for the preparation of the project in the Analyzer
will be shown and explained.
Before continuing with the input it is recommended to recalculate the project the system which was exported to the Analyzer. This step is necessary because on the one hand
it will check the data and on the other hand it is necessary for geometry dependent inputs (e.g. referring to the center of gravity for the definition of the tendon geometry).
By clicking the Recalc button in the main input window (Analyzer) a new window
with recalc options opens. For now only two recalc options should be activated
Cross-section calculation and Structural check. However, it is possible to leave the
default options. In this case you would see a warning that no stage is defined this is
just information that no stage was calculated because no stage (actions) is defined.
After the calculation and refreshing of the 3D View (using free hand symbols or just a
small rotation of the system) the static model in the main window is updated (eccentricities, element axis, etc). By right clicking in the viewing window, the view options (last
button in the menu) can be defined (e.g. cross-sections, element bodies, tendons, etc).
All structure data defined in Modeler and exported to the Analyzer can be seen under
Properties or Structure in the Analyzer menu tree. It is possible to modify all this data
here. However, note that after each export of the data from Modeler to the Analyzer, the
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
3-2
modified structural data are overwritten. In this case all the modifications made in the
Analyzer are lost and have to be done once again if they were not saved by TCL export.
If the data/modifications were properly saved into a TCL, the TCL can be imported, and
the data will be overwritten once again. To simplify this process it is recommended that
any permanent changes to the structure are made in the Modeler.
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
4-3
Bentley Systems
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
4-4
Figure 4-1: Load default properties importing material to the project database.
Bentley Systems
Open the list for the definition of tendons under Structure Tendons Element Assignment.
Austria
RM Bridge
Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
4-5
Structure
Definition of
Tendon Groups
Type
Tendon
geometry
Type - internal
Type - internal
Type - internal
Type - internal
Master profile
Slave profile
Slave profile
Slave profile
Orginal
Geometry
Tendons
TndNum
Element Assignment
Material
Top Table
Number
At [m2]
Ad [m2]
Beta
[Deg/m]
Friction
Description
1
101
102
103
AASHTO_LRF AASHTO_LRF AASHTO_LRF AASHTO_LRF
D:_PTtendGr2 D:_PTtendGr2 D:_PTtendGr2 D:_PTtendGr2
70
70
70
70
1
6
12
6
0.0016
0.0016
0.0016
0.0016
0.0050
0.0050
0.0050
0.0050
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.25
0.25
Prestressing
cable 101
0.25
Prestressing
cable 102
0.25
Prestressing
cable 103
Master cable
Note: More detailed information about the individual entries in the input window can be found by calling the program help (F1).
The tendon groups are listed in the upper table and the elements to be assigned to the
selected tendon are displayed in the lower table.
Input the data using the information shown in the table below.
Input the Cable Assignment
STRUCTURE
TENDON DATA
TdNum
El from
El to
El step
1
101
135
1
101
101
113
1
102
108
128
1
103
123
135
1
EL. ASSIGNMENT
Bottom table
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
4-6
Activate the master tendon in the upper list to start the definitions of the tendon geometry.
The input window for the graphical tendon geometry definition will be opened. Please
note that the graphical screen will be empty if you havent recalculated the crosssections and the structure before. In this window the preview can be changed between
different views (CS view, elevation, plan, isometric and side elevation) that graphically
display the defined input.
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4-7
Click the insert after button on the left bottom side of the screen to activate the
input field.
Define the tendon positions as it is shown in the table below.
The input for one tendon position is confirmed by clicking the APPLY button.
STRUCTURE
TENDON DATA
GEOMETRY
Bottom table
TdNum
Ref. Elem.
CS pnt
X/L
eY [m]
eZ [m]
Rel. to
Alfa1
Value
Alfa2
Value
Rel. to
Extern
101
0
0
0
Elem
Free
Free
Elem
104
SP-B
0
0.2
0
CS pnt
Value
0
Value
0
Node
1
108
0
0
0
Elem
Free
Free
Elem
111
SP-T
0
-0.4
0
CS pnt
Value
0
Value
0
Node
114
0
0
0
Elem
Free
Free
Elem
TdNum
Ref. Elem.
CS pnt
X/L
eY [m]
eZ [m]
Rel. to
Alfa1
Value
Alfa2
Value
Rel. to
Extern
118
SP-B
0.5
0.2
0
CS pnt
Value
0
Value
0
Node
123
0
0
0
Elem
Free
Free
Elem
1
126
SP-T
0
-0.4
0
CS pnt
Value
0
Value
0
Node
133
SP-B
0
0.2
0
CS pnt
Value
0
Value
0
Node
135
1
0
0
Elem
Free
Free
Elem
The tendon definition for the master tendon is now completed and will be displayed in
the main graphic screen after calling redraw (freehand symbol V) or by rotating the
system. The tendon profile is drawn in a turquoise color.
Note: More detailed information about the individual entries in the input window can be found by calling the program help (F1).
The different ways of referring are shown more detailed in the figures below.
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
4-8
NODE
ey
Tendon position
ez
CG
RP
NODE
Tendon position
ey
CG
ez
RP
ez
ey
NODE
Tendon position
CG
RP
Figure 4-3: Different references for the tendon position same tendon position but different eccentricities
and different reference points.
Figure 4-4: Different references for the angle Alpha1 the same applies for Alpha2
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
4-9
Note: The reference point has to be created in Modeler (or even in Analyzer) and the Reference-Set has
to be of type Geometry Point or Stress Check Point.
The reference point itself can also vary along the bridge axis. This method can be used to define
the tendon geometry sometimes it is the best approach. The tendon has to be created in the Analyzer, and for the geometry definition the only thing that has to be defined is that the tendon is relative to the reference point (with or without any eccentricity) in all elements.
By finishing the tendon geometry definition of the master tendon, the geometry of the
slave tendons is also defined the reference to the master tendon was defined and the
elements were also assigned already.
To see the all tendons in the general 3D view the project has to be calculated using the
same principle as before (recalculation of the cross-sections and structure check).
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
SCHEDULE.
Input the Tendon
Schedule
STAGES
TENDON ACT:
STRESS/RELAX/WEDGE
Type
TENDON
Factor / Wedge [m]
Stress label
PREL
FACT.
101
1.05
STG1
4-10
WEDL
101
0.006
STG 1
PRER
FACT.
101
1.05
STG 1
WEDR
101
0.006
STG 1
Top table
STRESS/RELAX/WEDGE
Type
TENDON
Factor / Wedge [m]
Stress label
PRER
FACT.
102
1.05
STG2
WEDR
102
0.006
STG2
PRER
FACT.
103
1.05
STG3
WEDR
103
0.006
STG3
The stress label has to be defined so that the tendon actions can be referenced by the
construction sequence definition.
By clicking the info button the stresses (and forces) in the tendon (selected by the
action) up to the selected stressing action are graphically displayed.
Figure 4-5: Diagram of stresses and forces in the tendon after corresponding stressing action.
Bentley Systems
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
5-1
An individual loading case can be defined so that, after calculation, its results
are automatically added to 1, 2 or 3 other load cases.
An individual loading case can be defined so that, after calculation, its results
are automatically combined into 1, 2 or 3 envelopes.
Loading cases and envelopes defined in Load Management could be set up (initialized;
created) using the LcInit function. Instead of using the LcInit function an automatic
initialization of the Load Management load cases can be done by activating the check
box Init Load Manager in the Recalc pad.
Define the Load Management as it is shown in the table below.
Schedule
Input for the Load
Manager
Load Definition
Load Management
Top table
Load Manag.
Load case I
State
Load case II
State
Load case III
State
Envelope I
Comb I
Envelope II
Comb II
Envelope III
Comb III
SW
SW-SUM
Total
STG-SUM
Total
-
SDL
SDL-SUM
Total
STG--SUM
Total
-
PT
PT-SUM
Total
STG-SUM
Total
-
CS
CS-SUM
Total
STG-SUM
Total
-
The load management can be also created by loading the appropriate load manager template from Menu (Extras Loading and Stages Load Management Definitions
(English). The Load Manager for traveler load (TR), wet concrete load (WC) incremental launching method (ILM) and for cable loads (CABLE) can be deleted or ignored.
The final creep loading case is CS-INF and should not be added to the general loading
case as it is necessary to have the final creep and shrinkage effects separate. This way
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
5-2
the structure can be checked after construction (before final creep and shrinkage) with
live loading and other loading combinations and also at the time infinity with live loading and other combination.
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
6-3
Change into Schedule Load Definition Load Case Definition Top Table
The window is split into two lists. In the top list the load cases are listed, and in the bottom list the defined loads for the selected load case are listed.
Define the self weight load cases as is shown in the table below.
Schedule
Definition of Load
Cases
Load
CaseDefinition
Name
Type
SW-STG1
Permanent
SW-STG2
Permanent
SW-STG3
Permanent
Load Manag.
SW
SW
SW
Description
Top table
The type of the load case (Duration type: Permanent or Non-Permanent) defines if the
load is permanent or not i.e. will it be considered in the calculation of creep and
shrinkage effects or not.
The input Load Manag. establishes the connection to the Load Manager. By choosing SW here, all the results due to the self weight loads (SW-STG1, SW-STG2 and SW-
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6-4
STG3) will be saved/copied (superposed) to two load cases defined in the load manager
SW-SUM and STG-SUM.
The load cases were created and now actual loads have to be defined.
The load type to be used in this example is Self weight just as load or Self
weight load and mass
Schedule.
Definition of Load
Cases
Number
Loading
Type
From
To
Step
Rx
Ry
Rz
Gam
[kN/m3]
SW-STG1
Uni Uniform load form load
Self
Self
weight
weight
101
1201
113
1204
1
1
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
0
SW-STG2
Uni Uniform load form load
Self
Self
weight
weight
114
1301
128
1304
1
1
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
0
SW-STG3
Uniform load
Self
weight
129
135
1
0
-1
0
0
If gamma is set to 0 then the specific weight used in the calculation of the self weight is
taken from the one assigned to the element via the assigned material (see Structure
Elements Material or Properties Material data). If the value is defined (and is
not zero) then this values is taken as specific weight and used in the calculations.
In the load cases SW-STG1 and SW-STG2 the self weight of the piers also has to be
defined.
Note: For faster and easier definition of the load cases it would be possible to define first one load case
and the load for it. Afterwards, the subsequent load cases could be created by copying, renaming
and renumbering of the first load case.
Another approach would be: First create one load case (top table) and activate the option Load
only elements, activated in current stage and then in the definition of the load (bottom table) define/load all elements (stepwise: 101-135, 1201-1204 and 1301-1304; or at once: 101-1304) with
the same load type. Afterwards that load case has to be copied twice (the total number of the load
cases has to be the same as the number of the construction stages in our case this means three).
For detailed load description use program help (F1) or the Appendix where all load types are
explained.
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
6-5
Name
Type
SDL
Permanent
Load Manag.
SDL
Top table
Schedule
Define Load Sets for
the Additional Loads
Number
Loading
From
To
Step
Qx [kN/m]
Qy [kN/m]
Qz [kN/m]
Direction
SDL
Uniform load
Uniform concentric element
load
101
135
1
0
-35
0
Global
Eccentricity
Ey [m]
Ez [m]
Load application
Type
Definition
SDL
Uniform load
SDL
Uniform load
101
135
1
0
-6.1
0
Global
Local+Z
Elem-Ecc
0
+6.3
101
135
1
0
-6.1
0
Global
Local+Z
Elem-Ecc
0
-6.3
Real length
Real length
Real length
Load/Unit
length
Load/Unit
length
Load/Unit
length
During creation of the load cases the link to the load management was defined in the
same way it was for the self weight load cases (except that SDL was chosen).
The Z-Element eccentricity defines the eccentricity length (in the Z-direction - transversal) between the element/cross-section gravity center and the node. This makes it possible to define the eccentricity relative to the node (same applies for the definition of the
horizontal load). In our case there will be no difference due to the cross-sections symmetry.
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6-6
Ez
CG
Name
Type
PT-STG1
Permanent
PT-STG2
Permanent
PT-SRG3
Permanent
Load Manager.
PT
PT
PT
Number
Loading
PT-STG1
Stressing
Tendon stressing
101
101
1
Increment
Force
PT-STG2
Stressing
Tendon stressing
102
102
1
Increment
Force
PT-STG3
Stressing
Tendon stressing
103
103
1
Increment
Force
Top table
Schedule
Define Load Sets for
the Tendons
Type
Bottom table
From
To
Step
Type
The selection of the type of stressing (Incremental-Force or Total-Force) has effect only
if multi-stage stressing procedure is defined. It must be defined whether the total stressing force of a stress level has to be applied or only the differential force when compared
to a previously applied stress group (for more information see the RM Analysis user
guide chapter 11.5.3).
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
6-7
6.4 Definition of Load Cases for the Creep and Shrinkage Effects
Schedule
Insert Load Case
Load Case Definition
Number
Type
CS-STG1
Permanent
CS-STG2
Permanent
CS-STG3
Permanent
CS-INF
Permanent
Load Info
CS
CS
CS
Top table
Load cases for calculation of creep and shrinkage effects have to be created, but no load
definition (in the bottom table) has to be defined.
The definition of the load cases is done only for the load management and postprocessing the results of the calculation of the time effects (done by the creep action)
are saved to these load cases and accordingly to the load cases defined in load management.
The creep and shrinkage load cases are linked to the load management by the same
principle as other load cases definition of the load management label/input (CS). In
this way the creep and shrinkage results are saved/copied to the CS-SUM load case and
added to the STG-SUM load case.
The final creep and shrinkage effect (at time infinite CS-INF) are saved only to that
load case because there is no load management label defined for this load case. This has
to be done due to the combinations where different factors are used for time effects at
time 0 and time infinite.
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
7-1
Use the same principle to add other stages (as is shown in the table below)
Schedule
Name
STG1
STG2
STG3
STG-FIN
Description
First construction
stage
Second
construction
stage
Third
construction
stage
Final construction
stage
Stages
Activation
Bottom table
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
7-2
Schedule
101
113
1
14
0
Activate
Deactivate
From
To
Step
Age
ts
1201
1204
1
42
0
1100
1102
1
0
0
1200
1200
1
0
0
Age defines the age of concrete when it is activated for the first time (becomes a part
of the structural system) and will be considered by the calculation of creep and shrinkage effects. The input ts defines the time (after pouring the concrete) when shrinkage
starts.
The spring elements also have to be activated they represent the support conditions.
7.2.2 Schedule actions calculations
Calculation
(Static)
Stress
Calculation
(Static)
Calc
Calculation
(Static)
GROUT
Calculation
(Static)
Creep
PT-STG1
Inp2
Inp3
Calculation
(Static)
Calc
SWSTG1
-
STG1
STG1
-
Schedule Actions
Out1
CS-STG1
Bottom table
Out2
Delta-T
*
0
*
0
*
0
*
28
Schedule
Action
Type
Stages
Inp1
Load
case
action
LcInit
STGSUM
STG1SUM
-
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Training Prestressing Basic ANALYZER Part 1: AASHTO
7-3
stressing load case has to be defined Stress Label STG1 and the Load Case PT-STG1
reference the same tendon.
The Grout action simulates grouting of tendon ducts, and with this action the composite
behavior between the concrete elements (cross-section) and tendon is established (strain
in the tendon is equal to the strain of the corresponding elements).
Grouting also changes the cross section properties, which must be taken into account in
the calculation. This is done by the definition of the recalculation options defined in the
recalc pad (- duct areas, + tendon areas, - grouted areas). The new cross-sections values
are used in the global calculation and are also saved to the corresponding list file
(cross.lst).
With the Creep action the time effects are calculated creep and shrinkage of concrete
and relaxation of tendons. The corresponding functions for the calculation are predefined (and can be modified) under Properties Variables and are assigned to the materials under Properties Material Data. The time effects can also be graphically displayed under Results Plot Creep/Shrinkage Curves.
Delta-T defines how long a certain system is exposed to the time effects time to the
next structural change or when an additional permanent load is added. The Number of
time steps (Input-1) defines in how many calculation intervals the whole time interval
(Delta-T) is subdivided, and it is possible that the subdivision step is linear or logarithmic (Recalculation pad C+S). For smaller time intervals it is recommended to use
1 time step, and for longer time intervals (for time infinite final creep) 3 to 5
(logarithmic) time steps. Each time step is saved to a separate load case and the total
effect is saved to the predefined dummy load case (Output-4).
For the calculation of relaxation (Include Steel relaxation in the recalculation options)
the summation load case has to be defined in the recalculation window (pad). This has
to be done to define which (permanent) loads have to be considered in the calculation.
With the Action LcInit (Load case Initialization) a certain load case can be copied or an
empty load case is created if there is no load case defined in the Input-1 an empty load
case is created (initialized).
In this example the summation load case (STG-SUM) is copied to a new one (STG1SUM) at the end of the construction stage. At that time in the summation load case all
(calculated) loads from the first construction stage are summarized (SW-STG1+PTSTG1+CS-STG1) due to the definitions in load management. To see the results of the
loads in the first construction stage only, this has to be done because subsequent stages
will add more loads to the STG-SUM load case.
The results of each calculation action can also be saved to a list file defined in each action separately (definition of the Output-2).
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Schedule
Stages
Activation
Bottom table
Activate
Deactivate
From
To
Step
Age
ts
114
128
1
14
0
1300
1300
1
0
0
1301
1304
1
42
0
Schedule
Stages
Schedule Actions
Bottom table
Action
Type
Inp1
Inp2
Inp3
Out1
Out2
Delta-T
Calculation Calculation
(Static)
(Static)
Calc
Stress
SW-STG2
STG2
*
*
0
0
Action
Type
Inp1
Inp2
Inp3
Out1
Out2
Delta-T
Bentley Systems
Calculation
(Static)
Calc
PT-STG2
*
0
Calculation
(Static)
GROUT
STG2
0
Calculation
(Static)
Creep
1
Load case
action
LcInit
STG-SUM
STG2-SUM
-
CS-STG2
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Activate
Deactivate
From
To
Step
Age
ts
129
135
1
14
0
1400
1402
1
0
0
Schedule
Stages
Schedule Actions
Bottom table
Action
Type
Inp1
Inp2
Inp3
Out1
Out2
Delta-T
Calculation
(Static)
Calc
SW-STG3
*
0
Calculation
(Static)
Stress
STG3
*
0
Action
Type
Inp1
Inp2
Inp3
Out1
Out2
Delta-T
Bentley Systems
Calculation
(Static)
Calc
PT- STG3
*
0
Calculation
(Static)
GROUT
STG3
0
Calculation
(Static)
Creep
1
Load case
action
LcInit
STG-SUM
STG3-SUM
-
CS- STG3
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Type
Inp1
Calculation
(Static)
Calc
SDL
Load case
action
Creep
-
Load case
action
LcInit
STG-SUM
Inp2
Inp3
Schedule Actions
Out1
CS-INF
Bottom table
Out2
Delta-T
*
-
*
10000
STG-INFSUM
-
Schedule
Action
Stages
Load case
action
LcAddLc
CS-INF
STG-INFSUM
-
In this stage the superimposed dead loads are applied first on the structure, and then the
final time effects are calculated.
In the end two final load cases are needed including all construction effects (loads)
with and without final time effects. Two additional actions have to be defined for this.
After the calculation of the SDL loads the summation load case is updated (the SDL
results are added to the STG-SUM load case) due to the definition of the load management. After the Creep action the summation load case (STG-SUM) is not updated with
the definition of the CS-INF load case the load case was not linked to load management. To create a summation load case including the long term creep and shrinkage
effects, the summation load case is copied (LcInit actions) and the final time effects
(CS-INF) are manually added (LcAddLc) to the copied load case (STG-INF-SUM).
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11 The Calculation
The construction stage definition is finished now and the first calculation can be done.
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If the system doesnt change this option can also be, in certain circumstances, skipped
in additional calculations (the calculation of the construction stages was done and all
stages are skipped; in this case also the option Init Load Manger has to be turned off).
Note that the envelope files (*.sup) are saved to the main directory (and not the
sub-directory DefaultSchedule) and are not automatically initialized (only by the
SupInit action in the schedule actions). The same follows for the list (*.lst), plot (*.pl
and *.pla) and influence (*infl) files which are created/overwritten by the calculation.
With the action GoDel (Group System commands) it is possible to delete the corresponding files in the main working directory as same as in the sub directory. This is
recommended to do to ensure that no files from previous calculations remain.
Stage Calculation
Activation and calculation of the schedule actions in the constructions stages is done.
Influence-lines calculation
Influence lines have to be calculated at least once to make a live load calculation. If the
influence lines data exists (*.infl) and the structure or lane definition was not changed,
this options can be skipped for additional calculations.
Note: For now this option is not needed but can be activated.
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It is also used as an Initial Strain load case if the input of certain standard dependent
design checks (see Pre-Stressing Training Example Analyzer Part II) references it.
Calculation
By clicking the Recalc button (in the recalc pad) the recalculation of the active schedule
starts. By clicking on the Recalc all button, all schedule variants will be successively
calculated depending on the defined sequence.
Note: Schedule variants can be defined under Schedule Schedule Variants. Here it is possible to
define different construction variants (construction schedules) on the same system and in the same
project (folder) where each variant is saved to its own subfolder.
The calculation status can be seen in the lower windows when the calculation is running. The status shows which stage, which action and which calculation steps are currently being calculated. If plot actions are also defined in the schedule, then the generated plots are displayed in the main window (4 at once).
A calculation protocol is created (recalc.log) and saved to the DefaultSchedule (if more
schedules are calculated the protocol is saved to the corresponding folder) as text file. Ii
is possible to open in from there or by clicking the corresponding button in the program
itself.
During the calculation warnings and errors can occur. The warnings are displayed at the
end of the calculation (e.g.: WARNING: System important files(s) cross.lst cannot be
deleted!) and should be interpreted as hints which should be checked. On the other hand
the calculation is aborted automatically if the definition is incorrect (the calculation
cant proceed) ERROR (e.g.: in the schedule actions a load case wants to be calculated but wasnt created; or the name of the created and calculated load case isnt the
same; in this case the calculation is aborted and an error is displayed; ERROR: Load
case name of the LC does not exist.). The place that the calculation stopped can also
be also seen in the schedule actions list those stages (top list) and actions (bottom list)
which were calculated have an OK in the status column.
A running calculation can be aborted by hitting the ESC button.
The calculation starts (depending on the calculation options) with the calculation of the
cross-section values and structure control. Then the initialization of the load manger
(load cases) is done. Finally the construction sequence calculation starts, and the stages
are calculated in the order of their input. At the beginning of each stage the elements
are activated first, and then each stage action is calculated.
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12 Result presentation
In RM Bridge it is possible to represent the results in many different ways. Some of
them are explained in detail below.
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Click on the insert after button and define the name of an RM-Set. It is possible
to define the description also which will be seen in the created diagram. The
type of RM-Set is Result representation (RESULT).
After confirming the input by clicking on the OK button the window for the definition of the diagram is opened by clicking on the i button.
Here you will see several tabs for the definition of the diagram. There are two tabs for
the general definitions (scale, paper size, paper orientation, etc) and three others for different result presentations:
Envelope results
Reinforcement
Normally the correct definition of a diagram (RM-Sets) has to include the definition of
the elements for which the results should be represented and what results should be represented. This includes:
If different result components are defined in one RM-Set the program will automatically
create more diagrams. The same follows also for the different types of reinforcement
(Attribute Sets)
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Define the elements for which the results should be displayed as is shown in the
pictures below.
Figure 12-2: Definition of elements for which the diagram should be shown.
The approach shown above uses the predefined element groups which were created already in modeler (they could be also created/modified in Analyzer). The same could be
achieved in a different way as is shown in the picture below here the elements are
selected by the definition of an element series.
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Figure 12-3: Definition of elements for which the diagram should be shown.
Define the Load case for which the results should be displayed as is shown in
the picture below. This is similar to the way elements were chosen.
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It would be possible to add (Insert after) for the same result component different load
cases or for the same load case different result components. Of course, a mixture of both
is also possible. In this case more diagrams would be created.
If the stresses should be displayed, it has to be defined where in the cross-section the
stresses should be represented/calculated. This is done by the definition of additional
results parameters (dashed square) for stresses the stress point has to be chosen additionally.
The diagram can be displayed by clicking on the Plot to file button. The same data
can be exported also to list file (Report file) or to MS Excel (Write to XLS).
The definition of the RM-Set is confirmed by clicking on Save.
The created RM-Set/Diagram can also be seen under Results Plot RM-Sets.
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The diagram can be plotted in the schedule actions. This is done via the DgmSet action.
Using this action it is possible to plot many diagrams with one RM-Set. As it was already explained, the summation load case is updated after each calculation. Referring to
it within an RM-Set and plotting the RM-Set using the DgmSet action at different times
will produce different diagrams. But the name of the output file (plot file), defined in
the DgmSet action, has to be different (if not the diagrams are overwritten).
The plot files created using DgmSet are saved to the (DefaultSchedule). A fast access to
this directory is also possible under Results Plot Directory (DefaultSchedule).
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