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As agreed please find attached the Final Term Exam, you should:
1. Answer ALL questions, Part1 & Part2
2. Use your text book, extra text book, the internet, and other references.
3. DON'T discuss or share, by any means of communication, with any other class students (even for those who are
4. It is NOT ACCEPTED to just copy and paste from any source, your interpretation and write-up is a MUST to g
5.Reply with your file .xls, of your answer to ME ONLY, to ashraf@ashrafelsafty.com .
6. MUST include your first name and family name WITHIN the file name (ex.: DrAshrafElsafty-E-RM-42E-Final
7. Use BLUE color for your text answers, or just fill in the shaded blocks.
8. Email directly to ME ONLY no later than agreed deadline day and time 25th Jan. 2014, 10:00 pm) otherw
As I mentioned before for the mid-term and during our classes, we are studying to learn, and we are now leveragin
So please focus on your time and answers to learn while filling the exam.
I hope I did met your expectations, and now you as a researcher, you will be responsible for what you have learned
country and your people.
Hope you gained the ultimate scientific benefit from the course and me as well.
May Allah bless you all.
Kind Regards,
Part 1:
Develop a conceptual model for the scenario below:
Incidence of smoking in movies has started to increase again, after
having declined for several decades. According to the National
Cancer Institute smoking is seen in at least three out of four
contemporary box-office hits. Whats more, identifiable cigarette
brands appeared in about one-third of all movies in 2008. Exposure to
smoking in movies is an important predictor of adolescent smoking
initiation: smoking in movies has been shown to affect adolescents
intentions to start smoking. In turn, the intentions to start smoking
are determined by a more positive attitude toward smoking after
seeing a film character smoke. Recent research has revealed that the
relationship between seeing a film character smoke and the attitude
toward smoking is stronger when a persons identification with a film
character increases. These findings are consistent with social learning
theory, which predicts that attitudes and behaviors are modeled by
observing the behaviors of others.
Why is the ratio scale the most powerful of the four scales? (1
paragraph, use example)
Exercise 4.7
Situation 1
Situation 2
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Exercise 4.8
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Dependent variable
Independent variable
Intervening variable
Moderating variable
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a. Exploratory research.
b. Descriptive research.
c. Causal research.
d. Experimental research.
d. Experimental.
____________ studies are also necessary when some facts are known, but more
information is needed for developing a viable theoretical framework.
a. Exploratory.
b. Descriptive.
c. Causal.
d. Experimental.
Whether a study is a causal or a correlational one depends on the type of
research questions asked and how the problem is defined.
A. true
B. false
The extent of interference by the researcher with the normal flow of work at the
workplace has a direct bearing on whether the study undertaken is causal or
correlational.
A. true
B. false
A causal study is conducted in the natural environment of the organization with
minimum interference by the researcher with the normal flow of work.
A. true
B. false
In studies conducted to establish cause-and-effect relationships, the researcher
tries to manipulate certain variables so as to study the effects of such
manipulation on the dependent variable of interest.
A. true
B. false
Correlational studies are invariably conducted in contrived settings, whereas
most rigorous causal studies are done in non-contrived lab settings.
A. true
B. false
The unit of analysis refers to the level of aggregation of the data collected
during the subsequent data analysis stage.
A. true
B. false
Our research question determines the unit of analysis.
A. true
B. false
A study can be done in which data are gathered just once, perhaps over a
period of days or weeks or months, in order to answer a research question. Such
studies are called:
a. Cross-sectional studies.
b. Longitudinal studies.
c. Exploratory studies.
d. Case studies.
A marketing manager is interested in tracing the pattern of sales of a particular
product in four different regions of the country on a quarterly basis for the next
2 years. This is an example of a:
a. Cross-sectional study.
b. Longitudinal study.
c. Exploratory study.
d. Case study.
Knowledge of research design details also helps managers to study and
intelligently comment on research proposals.
A. true
B. false
Methodological rigor increases as we move progressively from an exploratory
study to a hypothesis-testing study, and with this, the costs of research also
increase.
A. true
B. false
The difference between an ordinal and a ratio scale is that a ratio scale has an
arbitrary zero point.
A. true
B. false
Army rank (such as lieutenant, captain, major, colonel, general, etc.) is ordinal
in nature.
A. true
B. false
Temperature is usually measured on a ratio scale.
A. true
B. false
A lady stands on a pair of scales three times in a row. The first time she weighs
69 kilo, the second time 69 kilo, and the third time 69 kilo. Her real weight is 51
kilo. What is the matter with the scales?
a. The pair of scales is not reliable and not valid.
b. The pair of scales is reliable but is not valid.
c. The pair of scales is not reliable but is valid.
d. The pair of scales is reliable and valid.
The following scale is a: Ugly __ __ __ __ __ Beautiful
a. A likert-scale.
b. A semantic differential scale.
c. A numerical scale.
d. An itemized rating scale.
B. false
The advantage of seeking secondary data sources is savings in time and costs
of acquiring information.
A. true
B. false
Unstructured interviews are so labeled because the interviewer does not enter
the interview setting with a planned sequence of questions to be asked of the
respondent.
A. true
B. false
Structured interviews are those conducted when it is known at the outset what
information is needed.
A. true
B. false
When conducting interviews, it is unethical that the researcher makes written
notes as the interviews are taking place, or as soon as the interview is
terminated.
A. true
B. false
The principles of wording refers to which of the following factors?
a. The appropriateness of the content of the questions
b. How questions are worded and the level of sophistication of the language
used.
c. The type and form of questions asked.
d. All of the above.
The way questions are sequenced could also introduce certain biases,
frequently referred to as the ordering effects.
A. true
B. false
Instead of phrasing all questions positively, it is advisable to include some
negatively worded questions as well, so the tendency in respondents to
mechanically circle the points toward one end of the scale is minimized.
A. true
B. false
Do you think there is a good market for the product and that it will sell well?
This question is:
a. Leading.
b. Loaded.
c. Double-barreled.
d. Ambiguous.
Dont you think that in these days of escalating costs of living, employees
should be given good pay raises?
a. Leading.
b. Loaded.
c. Double-barreled.
d. Ambiguous.
The sequence of questions in the questionnaire should be such that the
respondent is led from questions of a general nature to those that are more
specific.
A. true
B. false
The sequence of questions in the questionnaire should be such that the
respondent is led from questions that are relatively easy to answer to those that
are progressively more difficult.
A. true
B. false
The sequence of questions in the questionnaire should be such that you end
with questions that respondents refuse to answer.
A. true
B. false
The biggest disadvantage of secondary data is:
a. That they are not meeting the specific needs of the particular situation or
setting.
b. That it is generally more expensive to collect secondary data than primary
data.
c. That they are generally qualitative in nature.
d. That they cannot be used for forecasting purposes.
Thanks
Dr Ashraf Elsafty