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ThirdRoundTableConference
Third Round Table Conference :: Important National Activities | Home Rule
MovementinIndia|LahoreSession1929
ThirdRoundTableConference1932:Provedfruitlessasmostofthenationalleaderswere
inprison.ThediscussionsledtothepassingoftheGovernmentofIndiaAct,1935.
Note : The meeting of All India Kisan Congress was held in 1934 in Lucknow under the
PresidentshipofSahajanandSaraswati.
TheGovernmentofIndiaAct1935:
BasedontheSimoncommissionreport.(Therecommendationsarementionedseparatelyin
theCharterActsattheend).
TheCongressrejectedthe1935ActanddemandedtheconveningofaConstituentAssembly
electedonthebasisofadultfranchisetoframeaconstitutionforanindependentIndia.J.L.
Nehrudescribeditasweareprovidedwithacar,allbreaksandnoengine.
Yet, INC fought the election in 1937, when the constitution was introduced and formed
ministriesinsevenoutofelevenprovinces.Later,Congressformedcoalitiongovernmentsin
twoothers,onlyBengalandPunjabhadnonCongressministries.Punjabwasunderthe
UnionistPartyandBengalundertheKrishakPrajaPartyMuslimLeaguecoalition.

Second World War History and The National Movement

inIndia:

GeneralStudiesQuestionBankCD

TheCongressministriescomingtopowerdidwonderstothe
morale of the people. They continued to function till the
coming of the Second World War in 1939. When the war
broke out, Lord Linlithgow declared India to be at war
withoutpriorassentoftheCentralLegislature.
The Congress agreed to support Britain only in return of
independencebeinggranted.TheViceroycouldpromisethis
onlyafterthewar.InOctoberNovember1939,theCongressministriesresignedinprotest.
TheMuslimLeagueobservedthisastheDeliveranceDay(Dec22,1939).
INCwaswillingtohelptheforcesofdemocracyintheirstruggleagainstfascism,butasked
how it was possible for an enslaved nation to aid others in their fight of democracy. They
declared that India must be declared free or at least effective power put in Indian hands
beforeitcouldactivelyparticipateinthewar.
TheViceroyrefusedtoacceptpreconditionssetbytheCongressConstituentAssemblyfor
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establishment of genuine responsible government at the Centre. Eventually, however, the

BritishGovernmentwaseagerfortheINCtosupporttheirwarefforts.Subsequently,ittried
topacifytheCongressandtheIndianleadersbyaseriesofoffersthroughAugustOfferand
CrippsMission.
TheDemandforPakistan:
In 1930, Iqbal suggested that the Frontier Province, Baluchistan, Sindh and Kashmir be
madetheMuslimsstatewithinthefederation.
ChaudharyRehmatAligavethetermPakistanin1933.
Mohd.AliJinnahofBombaygaveitpracticality.
MuslimLeaguefirstpassedtheproposalofseparatePakistaninitsLahoresessionin1940
(calledJinnahsTwoNationTheory).ItwasdraftedbySikandarHayatKhan,movedby
FazlulHaqandsecondedbyKhaliquzzaman.
InDecember,1943,theKarachisessionoftheMuslimLeagueadoptedthesloganDivide
andQuit.
TheAugustOffer1940Aug8:Itoffered:
Dominionstatusintheunspecifiedfuture.
Apostwarbodytoenacttheconstitution.
to expand the Governor Generals Executive Council to give full weightage to minority
opinion.
Rejected by the INC because there was no suggestion of the national government and
because the demand for the dominion status was already discarded in favour of Poorna
Swaraj.ItwasacceptedbytheMuslimLeague.
TheCrippsMission1942:
In Dec 1941,Japan entered the WorldWar II and advanced towardsIndian borders. By
Mar7,1942,RangoonfellandJapanoccupiedtheentireSEAsia.
The British govt, with a view to get cooperation from Indians sent Sir Stafford Cripps,
leaderoftheHouseofCommonstosettletermswiththeIndialeaders.
Heofferedadraftwhichcontainedthefollowingproposals:
1. Dominionstatustobegrantedafterthewar.
2. SettingupaconstitutionmakingbodyforIndiaafterthewarwhosememberswould
be elected by the Provincial assemblies and nominated by the rulers in case of the
PrincelyStates.
3. The British govt, under took to accept and implement the constitution so framed
subjecttotwoconditions:
First, Any province(s) not willing to accept the new constitution could form a
separate union and a separate constitution. Second, The new constitution
making body and the British Government would negotiate a treaty to sort out
mattersarisingoutoftransferofpowertoIndianhands.
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mattersarisingoutoftransferofpowertoIndianhands.
RejectedbytheCongressasitdidntwanttorelyuponfuturepromises.
Gandhijitermeditasapostdatedchequeinacrashingbank.

TheRevoltof1942&TheQuitIndiaMovement1942:
CalledtheVardhaProposalandLeaderlessRevolt.
TheresolutionwaspassedonAug8,1942,atBombay.GandhijigavethesloganDoordie.
OnAug9,theCongresswasbannedanditsimportantleaderswerearrested.Gandhijiwas
keptattheAgaKhanPalace,Pune.
Thearrestsprovokedindignationamongthemassesand,therebeingnoprogramofaction,
the movement became spontaneous and violent. Violence spread throughout the country.
Severalgovt,officesweredestroyed,telegraphwireswerecutandcommunicationparalyzed.
The trend of underground revolutionary activities also started during the phase. J.P.
Narayan,R.M.LohiaandArunaAsafAlistartedconsolidatingundergroundnetworks.The
most daring act of the underground movement was the establishment of Congress Radio
withUshaMehtaasitsannouncer.
Parallel govts, were set up at various places. The first one was in Ballia in eastern UP
under the leadership of Chittu Pande. Others were in Satara, Talcher, parts of eastern UP
andBihar.
The Muslim League kept aloof and the Hindu Mahasabha condemned the movement. The
CommunistPartyofIndiaalsodidntsupportthemovement.
Themovementwashowevercrushed.
NavalMutiny1945:
ArevolttookplaceinHMSTalwaronFeb18,1945inBombayduetoracialdiscrimination,
unpalatablefoodandabuseafterthearrestofBCDuttawhohadwrittenBritishQuitIndia
onthewall.
Nextday,HMSHindustaninKarachialsorevolted.
Soontherevoltspreadtootherplacesalso.InBombay,themutineershoistedthetricolour
on their ship masts together with a portrait of S. C. Bose and shouted Jai Hind in the
barracks.Theirdemandsincludedreleaseofallpoliticalprisonersincludingthosebelonging
totheIndianNationalArmy.
ItwassuppressedafterpersuasionbytheIndianleaders.
RajagopalachariFormula1945:
HeproposedthatplebisciteshouldbeheldincontiguousdistrictsofNorthWestandEast
whereMuslimswereinabsolutemajority.
Ifthemajoritydecidesinfavourofformingaseparatesovereignstate,suchdecisioncould
beaccepted.
JinnahobjectedashewantedonlyMuslimsofNorthWestandEastofIndiatovoteinthe
plebiscite.
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GeneralStudiesQuestionBankCD

TAGS:NavalMutiny,SecondWorldWarHistory,TheCrippsMission
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