THIRUMALAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
Sub. Code/Name
Year/Semester

: ME2302 Dynamics of Machinery

: III / V
UNIT-I FORCE ANALYSIS
PART-A (2 Marks)

1. What is free body diagram?

2. Define static force analysis.
3. Differentiate between static and dynamic equilibrium.
4. Define applied and constraint forces.
5. Differentiate between static force analysis and dynamic force analysis.
6. Define inertia force.
7. Define inertia torque.
8. State DAlemberts principle.
9. State the principle of superposition.
10. Define piston effort.
11. Define crank effort and crank-pin effort.
12. What is meant by turning moment diagram or crank effort diagram?
13. Explain the term maximum fluctuation of energy in fly wheel.
14. Define coefficient of fluctuation of energy.
15. Define coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
16. Define coefficient of steadiness.
17. Why flywheels are needed in forging and pressing operations?
PART-B (16 MARKS)
1. For reciprocating engine, derive the expression for
(i)Velocity and acceleration of the piston
(ii)Angular velocity and angular acceleration of the connecting rod (16)
2. In a reciprocating engine mechanism, if the crank and connecting rod are 300mm and 1m long
respectively and the crank rotates at a constant speed of 200r.p.m.Determine analytically,(i) The crank
angle at which the maximum velocity occurs and
(ii) Maximum velocity of piston.(iii) Derive the relevant equations. (16)
3. (i)Deduce the expression for the inertia force in the reciprocating force neglecting the weight of the
connecting rod. (8)
(ii)A vertical petrol engine with cylinder of 150mm diameter and 200mm strokes has a connectingrod of
350mm long. The mass is 1.6kg and the engine speed is 1800 rpm. On the expansion stroke with crank
angle 30 fromTDC, the gas pressure is 750KPa.
Determine the net thrust on the piston. (8)
4. (i)Define coefficient of fluctuation of speed and coefficient of fluctuation of energy. (4)
(ii)The radius of gyration of a fly wheel is 1meter and fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 1% of the
mean speed of the flywheel. If the mass of the flywheel is 3340kg and the steam develops 150KW at
135rpm, then find, (i) Maximum fluctuation of energy (ii) Coefficient of fluctuation of energy (12)

5. The length of crank and connecting rod of a horizontal reciprocating engine are 100mm and 500mm
respectively. The crank is rotating at 400rpm.When the crank has turned 30 from the IDC, find
analytically(i).Velocity of piston (ii)Acceleration of piston
(iii) Angular velocity of connecting rod (iv) Angular acceleration of connecting rod. (16)
6. The length and connecting rod of a horizontal reciprocating engine are 200mm and
1meter respectively.Thje crank is rotating at 400rpm.When the crank has turned 30 from the inner dead
center, the difference of pressure between cover end and piston rod is 0.4 N/mm 2. If the mass of the
reciprocating parts is 100Kg and a cylinder bore is 0.4meters.Calculate (i)Inertia force (ii) Force on piston
(iii) Piston effort (iv) Thrust on the side of the cylinder walls (v) Thrust in the connecting rod (vi)Crank
effort. (16)
7. A horizontal gas engine running at 210rpm has a bore of 220mm and a stroke of 440mm. The
connecting rod is 924mm long the reciprocating parts weight 20kg.When the crank has turned through an
angle of 30 from IDC, the gas pressure on the cover and the crank sides are 500KN/m2 and 60KN/m2
respectively. Diameter of the piston rod is 40mm.Determine,(i)Turning moment on the crank shaft
(ii).Thrust on bearing
(iii) Acceleration of the flywheel which has a mass of 8kg and radius of gyration of 600mm while the
power of the engine is 22KW. (16)
8. A single cylinder vertical engine has a bore of 300mm and a stroke of 400mm.The connecting rod is
1000mm long. The mass of the reciprocating parts is 140kg.On the expansion stroke with the crank at
30from the top dead center, the gas pressure is 0.7MPa.If the runs at 250rpm, determine;(i) Net force
acting on the piston (ii)resultant load on the gudgeon pin (iii) Thrust on cylinder walls (iv)The speed
above which other things remaining same, gudgeon pin loads would be reversed in direction. (16)
9. A vertical double acting steam engine has a cylinder 300mm diameter and 450mm stroke and runs at
200rpm.The reciprocating parts has a mass of 225kg and the piston rod is 50mm diameter. The connecting
rod is 1.2m long. When the crank has turned 125 from IDC the steam pressure above the piston is
30KN/m2.calculate,
(i)Crank-pin effort (ii)The effective turning moment on the crank shaft. (16)
10. The turning moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to a scale of 1mm to 6N-m and the
horizontal scale of 1mm to 1.The turning moment repeat itself after every half revolution of the engine.
The area above and below the mean torque line are 305, 710, 50,350,980and 275mm 2. The mass of
rotating parts is 40kg at a radius of gyration of 140mm.Clculate the coefficient of fluctuation of speed if
the mean speed is 1500rpm. (16)
11. The torque delivered by a two stroke engine is represented by
T= (1000+300sin2-500cos2) N-m where is the angle turned by the crank from the IDC. The engine
speed is 250rpm.The mass of the flywheel is 400kg and radius of gyration 400mm.Determine,(i)the
power developed (ii)the total percentage fluctuation of speed (iii)the angular acceleration of flywheel
when the crank has rotated through an angle of 60 from the IDC. (iv) the maximum angular acceleration
and retardation of the flywheel. (16)
12. A vertical single cylinder gas engine has a bore of 8 cm and a stroke of 10cm. the connecting rod
length is 20 cm and the reciprocating parts weigh 1.5 kg. the gas pressure on the piston is 6 kg/cm when
it has moved 1.5 cm from the inner dead centre on its power stroke. Determine the net load on the
gudgeon pin when the engine runs at 2000 rpm. At what speed this load will be zero. (APRIL/MAY-2004)

13. The turning moment diagram for a petrol for a petrol engine is drawn to a
vertical scale of 1 mm to 6 km and horizontal scale of 1 mm to 1. The turning
moment repeats itself after every half revolution of the engine . the areas above
and below the mean torque line are 305, 710,50,350,980 and 275mm. mass of
rotating pats is 40 kg at a radius of gyration of 140 mm. calculate the coefficient of
fluctuation of speed if the mean speed is 1500 rpm
14. A connecting rod is suspended from a point 25 mm above the centre of small
end, and 650 mm above its centre of gravity, its mass being 37.5 kg. when
permitted to oscillate, the time period is found to be 1.87 seconds. Find the
dynamical equivalent system constituted of two masses, one of which is located at
the small end centre.
15. The crank pin circle radius of a horizontal engine is 300mm. The mass of the
reciprocating parts is 250 kg. When the crank has travelled 60 from I.D.C., the
difference between the driving and back pressure is 0.35 N/mm2.The connecting
rod length between centers is 1.2m and the cylinder bore is 0.5m, if the engine runs
at 250rpm and if the effect of piston rod diameter is neglected, calculate:
a. pressure on slide bars,
b. thrust in the connecting rod,
c. tangential force on the crank-pin, and
d. turning moment on the crank shaft.
16. In fig.1 slider crank mechanism is shown. The value of force applied on slider 4
is 3000 N. Determine the forces on various links. Also calculate the driving torque T.
The crank is rotating at 3000rpm clockwise

17. A shaft fitted with a flywheel rotates at 250 rpm and drives a machine. The
torque of machine varies in a cyclic manner over a period of 3 revolutions. The
torque rises from 750 N-m to 3000 N-m uniformly during half revolution and remains
constant for the next one revolution. It then falls uniformly to 750 N-m during next
half revolution and remains constant for one revolution, the cycle being repeated
thereafter. Determine the power required to drive the machine and percentage of
fluctuation in speed, if the driving torque applied to the shaft is constant and mass
of the flywheel is 500 kg with radius of gyration of 600 mm.
18. The turning moment diagram for a multi cylinder engine has been drawn to a
scale of 1mm=325 N-m vertically and 1mm=3 degree horizontally. The area above
and below the mean torque line are -27, +378, -256, +306, -302, +244, -380, +262
and -225 mm2. The engine is running at a mean speed of 600 r.p.m. The total
fluctuation of speed is not to exceed +1.8% of the mean speed. Find the mass of
the flywheel required, if the radius of gyration of 0.7 m.

19. A single cylinder , single acting , four stroke cycle gas engine develops 20 KW at
200 rpm.
The work done by the gases during the expansion stroke is 3 times the work done
on the gases during the compression stroke. The work done on the suction and
exhaust strokes may be neglected. If the flywheel has a mass of 1000 kg and has
radius of gyration of 600 mm, find the cyclic fluctuation of energy and the
coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
20. A vertical double acting steam engine develops 75 KW at 250 rpm. The
maximum fluctuation of energy is 30 percent of the work done per stroke. The
maximum and minimum speeds are not to vary more than 1 percent on either side
of the mean speed. Find the mass of the flywheel required, if the radius of gyration
of 0.6 m.

UNIT-II

BALANCING

PART-A ( 2 MARK QUESTIONS)

1. State the condition of static and dynamic balancing. (Nov\Dec
05&09)
2. What for the balancing machine are used.(May\J06)
3. What is the need for balancing of rotating masses, particularly in high
speed engine, (N06)
4. Why is a only a part of the unbalanced force due to reciprocating
masses balanced by revolving mass? (N\D 06)
5. Distinguish between the unbalanced force caused due to rotating and
reciprocating masses.( N\D 06)
6. Why are the crank of the locomotive, with two cylinder, placed at 90deg
to each other. (N\D 06)
7. How do you ensure dynamic balancing of rotating masses. (N\D07)
8. List down the planes of considering for uncoupled and coupled
locomotives (N\D 07)
9. Mention any two methods to avoid derailment of the locomotive.
(M\J08)
10. Compare the magnitude and direction of the unbalanced forces in the
case of rotating masses.(M\J 08)
11. What is meant by balancing of rotating masses. (Nov-dec 2007)
12. Define the term swaying couple(Nov-dec 2007)
13.Why rotating masses are to be dynamically balanced? (Nov-dec 2008)
14. What is partial balancing? Why complete balancing of reciprocating
masses is not possible in a single cylinder engine.(Nov-de2008)
15. Explain the term primary balancing and secondary balancing? (MayJune 2009)
16. Complete balancing of reciprocating mass in a single cylinder is not
possible. Justify(Nov-dec 2009)
17. Show the primary crank position and secondary crank position of four
cylinder inline engine,
power stroke of order 1-4-2-3. (AprIl-may
2010)
18.When is a system said to be completely balanced? (Nov-dec 2010)
19.Name the efforts caused by the unbalanced primary force acting along
the line of stroke
due to practical balancing of locomotive (Nov-dec
2010)
20.What is dynamic balancing ? (April/may-2003)
21.What are different types of balancing machines ? (April/may 2003)
22.State the conditions for complete balance of several masses revolving

in different planes of a shaft. (NoV/dec-2003)

23.List the effects of partial balancing of locomotives. (Nov/dec-2003)
24.Can a single cylinder engine be fully balanced? Why? (APRIL/MAY2004)
25.What are the effects of hammer
blow and swaying couple? (APRIL/MAY-2004)
26.Why single cylinder engines are not fully balanced? (Nov/dec-04 &
2009)
27.Define hammer blow with
respect to locomotives? (Nov/dec-2004.)

PART-B ( 16 MARK QUESTIONS)

BALANCING OF MASSES ROTATING IN THE SAME PLANE
1. Four masses m1,m2,m3,m4 attached to a rotating shaft at the same plane
are 200kg, 300kg,240kg,260kg respectively. The corresponding radii of
rotation are 0.2m, 0.15m , 0.25m and 0.3m respectively. And the angle
between the successive masses are 45deg, 75deg, and 135deg (ACW). Find
the position and magnitude of the balance mass required, if it is radius of
rotation 0.2m
(Nov-Dec 2007)
2. Explain with neat sketches, balancing of single revolving mass, by masses in
two different planes in rotating system. (Nov-Dec 2007)
3. A shaft is rotating at a uniform angular speed. Four masses m1,m2,m3,m4 of
magnitude 300kg, 450kg,360kg, 390kg respectively are attached rigidly to
the shaft. The masses are rotating in the same plane. The Corresponding
radii of the rotation are 200mm, 150mm, 250mm and 300mm respectively.
The angle made by this masses with horizontal are 0deg, 45deg, 120deg and
255deg respectively. If the system is to be balanced by adding two balancing
mass. Find; (1) Magnitude of this balancing masses and (2) The position of
the balancing masses if its radius of rotation is 200mm. (Nov-dec 2009)
BALANCING OF MASSES ROTATING IN THE DIFFERENT PLANE
4. Four masses A,B,C&D revolve at equal radii and equally space along a shaft.
The mass B is 7kg and radii of C&D make angles of 90 & 240respectively
with the radius of B. Find the magnitude of masses A,C&D and angular
position of A so that the system may be completely balanced.(Apr\May 05)
5. A shaft carries four rotating masses A,B,C and D are in complete balance.
The masses B, C and D are 50kg, 80kg and 70kg respectively. The masses C
and D make angles of 90 and 195 respectively from mass B, in the same
sense the masses A,B,C and D are concentrated at radius of
75mm,100mm,50mm, and 90mm, respectively. The plane of rotation masses
B and C are 250mm apart. Determine (1) the mass A and its angular
position(2) Position of planes A and D.(Nov\Dec05)
6. (i).How are the different masses rotating in different planes are balance?
(Nov\dec06)

(ii).The shaft carries five masses A, B, C, D and E which revolve at the same
radius in planes which are equidistance from one another . The magnitude
of A, C, D are 50kg, 40kg and 80kg respectively. The angle between A and C
is 90 and that C and D 135 determine the magnitude of the mass in
planes B and E and their position to put the shaft in completely rotating
balance.(Nov\dec06)
7. A shaft carries four masses A,B,C,D of magnitude 200kg, 300kg, 400kg and
200kg respcetively and revolving at radii 80mm, 70mm, 60mm, and 80mm in
planes measured from A at 300mm, 400mm and 700mm. The angles
between the cranks measured ACW are A to B 45deg, B to C 70deg and C to
D 120deg. The balancing masses are to be placed in planes X and Y. The
distance between the plane A and X is 100mm, between X and Y is 400mm
and between Y and D 200mm. If the balancing masses revolve at a radius of
100mm, find their magnitude and angular position. (May-june 2009)
8. A shaft carries four rotating masses A,B,C, and D in this order along its axis.
The masses B,C &D are 30kg, 50kg and 40kg respectively. The planes
containing B and C are 30cm apart. The angular spacing of the planes
containing C and D are 90deg and 210deg respectively relative to B
measured in the same sense. If the shaft and masses are to be in complete
dynamic balance, find (i) the mass and the angular position of mass A; and
(ii) the position of planes A and D. (Nov-dec 2010)
9. A shaft carries four masses in parallel planes A,B,C,D in this order along its
length. The massess at B and C are 18kg and 12.5kg respectively, and each
as eccentricity of 60mm. The masses at A and B have an eccentricity of
80mm. The angle between the masses at B and C is 100deg and that
between the masses at B and A is 190deg. Both being measured in the
same direction. The axial distances between the planes A and B is 100m and
that between B and C 200mm. If the shaft is in complete dynamic, balance
determine: (1) magnitude of the masses of A and D, (2) distance between A
and D and(3) angular position of the masses at D. (Aprl-may 2010)
BALANCING OF SINGLE RECIPROCATING MASS
10.Derive the expression for unbalanced reciprocating primary and secondary
forces in single cylinder engine with usual notation (Nov-dec 2008)
11.The following data to relate a single cylinder vertical reciprocating engine:
mass of reciprocating= 40kg, mass of revolving parts=30kg, at 180mm
radius, speed=150rpm, stroke=350mm. If 60% of the reciprocating parts
and all revolving parts are to be balanced, Determine: (1) balance mass
required at a radius of 320mm, and (2) unbalanced force when the crank as
turned at 45deg. From the top dead center(Nov-dec 2009)
BALANCING UNCOUPLED LOCOMOTIVE
12.The crank of a two cylinder uncoupled inside the cylinder locomotive are at
right angles and are 300mm long. The distance between center line of

cylinder is 650mm. The wheel centrelines are 1.6m apart. The reciprocating
mass per cylinder 300kg.The driving wheel diamater is 1.8m. If the hammer
blow exceed 45KN at 100km\hr; Determine the fraction of the reciprocating
masses to be balanced and the variation in the tractive effort and also the
maximum swaying couple.(Nov\Dec05&May-09)
13.The following data refers to two cylinder locomotive with crank at 90
interval : reciprocating mass\cylinder=300kg; the crank radius=0.25m driving
wheel dia=1.75m; distance between cylinder center line=0.6m distance
between driving wheel center plane=1.5m determine (1) fraction of the
reciprocating masses to be balanced; if the hammer blow is not the exceed
44145N at 100km\hr; and variation in tractive efforts.(May\Jun06)
14.
A two cylinder uncoupled locomotive as inside cylinder 0.65m apart.
The radius of each crank is 300mm and are at right angle. The revolving
mass per cylinder is 250kg and reciprocating mass per cylinder 300kg. The
whole of the revolving and two-third of reciprocating masses are to be
balanced and the balance masses are placed, in the planes of rotation of the
driving wheels, at a radius of 1m. The driving wheels are 2m dia and 1.5m
apart. The speed of the engine 80kmph, find hammer blow, and maximum
variation in tractive force and maximum swaying couple(Nov-dec 2008)
15.
Derive expression for the following (1) Variation in tractive force (2)
swaying couple(Nov-dec 2009)
16.
The following the data apply to on outside cylinder uncoupled
locomotive: Mass of a rotating parts per cylinder = 360kg; mass of
reciprocating parts per cylinder 300kg; angle between cranks=90deg. Crank
radius 0.3m; cylinder centers=1.75m ; radius of balance masses=0.75m;
wheel center= 1.45m. If whole of the rotating and two-thirds of reciprocating
part are to be balanced in planes driving wheels, find: (1) magnitude and
angular position of balance masses, (2) speed in km per hour at which the
wheel will lift of the rails when the load on each driving wheel is 30KN and the
dia of tread of driving wheel is 1.8m, and (3) swaying couple at speed arrived
at in (2) above(April-May 2010)
17.A four cylinder enginehas 2 outer cranks at 120 to each other and their
reciprocating masses are each 400kg. The distance between the planes of
rotation of adjacent cranks are 400mm, 700mm&500mm.Find the
reciprocating mass and relative angular position for each of the inner cranks,
if the length of each crank is 350mm,the length of each connecting rod 1.7m
and the engine speed 500rpm.(May-2010)
18.What is meant by swaying couple? Discuss the expression for its magnitude
and explains its influence. (Nov\Dec06)
BALANCING OF MULTI-CYLINDER ENGINE
19.The crank four cylinder marine oil engine are arranged at angular intervals of
90. The engine spped is 70rpm and the reciprocating parts per cylinder is

800kg. The inner cranks are 1m apart and are symmetrically arranged
between the outer cranks which 2.6m apart. Each cranks is 400m long.
Determine the firing of the cylinder of the best balance of reciprocating
masses and also the magnitude of the unbalanced primary couple for that
arrangement.(May\Jun06)
20.The firing order in a 6-cylinder vertical four stroke inline engine is 1-4-2-63-5. The piston stroke is 100mm and the length of each connecting rod is
200mm. The pitch distances between the cylinder center lines are 100mm,
100mm, 150mm, 100mm and 100mm respectively. The reciprocating mass
per cylinder is 1kg and the engine runs at 3000rpm. Determine the out-ofbalance primary and secondary forces and couples on this engine, taking a
plane midway between the cylinders 3 and 4 as the reference plane. (NovDec 2010)
21.A four-cylinder vertical engine has cranks 150mm long. The planes of rotating
of the first, second & fourth crank are 400mm,200mm&200m respectively,
from the third crank and their reciprocating masses are 50kg, 60kg, 50kg
respectively. Find the mass of the reciprocating parts for the third cylinder
and the relative angular positions of the cranks in order that the engine may
be in complete primary balance.(Nov/Dec-2007)
BALANCING OF RADIAL ENGINE/BALANCING MACHINES
22.A three cylinder radial engine driven by a common crank has the cylinders
spaced at 120. The stroke is 125mm and length of connecting rod is
225mm. The mass of reciprocating the parts per cylinder is 2kg. Calculate
primary and secondary forces at the crank shaft speed of 1200rpm.
(Apr\May05)&(Nov\Dec06)
23.Write short note on balancing of machine. (Nov-Dec 2008)

UNIT-III

FREE VIBRATION

PART-A (2 Marks)
1. What are the causes and effect of vibration?
2. Define frequency, cycle, period and free vibration.
3. What are the different types of vibrations?
4. State different method of finding natural frequency of a system.
5. What is meant by free vibration and forced vibration?
6. Define resonance.
7. What is meant by degrees of freedom in a vibrating system?
8. What is the natural frequency of simple spring mass system?
9. Determine the natural frequency of mass of 10kgsuspended at the bottom of two springs of stiffness

5N/mm and 8N/mm in series.

10. What is the effect of inertia on the shaft in longitudinal and transverse vibrations?
11. State the expression for the frequency of simple pendulum.
12. Give the expression for natural frequency of water, which oscillates in a Utube manometer?
13. What are the different types of damping?
14. Draw the schematic diagram of a free damped vibration system and write the governing differential
equation of the system.
15. Sketch the Time Vs Displacement for under-damped and over-damped systems.
16. What is the limit beyond which damping is detrimental and why?
17. What is meant by critical damping?
18. What type of motion is exhibited by a vibrating system when it is critically damped?
19. Define critical or whirling speed.
20. What are the factors that affect the critical speed of a shaft?
21. What are the causes of critical speed?
22. Differentiate between transverse and torsional vibrations.

PART-B (16 Marks)

1. Derive an expression for the natural frequency of the free longitudinal vibration by
(i)Equilibrium method (ii) Energy method (iii) Rayleighs method (16)
2. In a single degree of damped vibration system a suspended mass of 8kg makes 30 oscillations in 18
seconds. The amplitude decreases in 18 seconds. The amplitude decreases to 0.25 of the initial value after
5 oscillations. Determine (i) the spring stiffness (ii) logarithmic decrement (iii) damping factor (iv)
Damping coefficient. (16)
3. Determine equation of motion when a liquid column vibrating in a U tube by
(i) Newtons method (ii) Energy method and hence find its natural frequency. (16)
4. (i)Deduce the expression for the free longitudinal vibration in terms of spring stiffness, its inertia effect
and suspended mass. (8)
(ii)A spring mass system has spring stiffness s N/m and has a mass of mkg.It has the natural frequency
of vibration as 12Hz.An extra 2kg mass is coupled to m and natural frequency reduces by 2Hz.Find the
value of s and m. (8)
5.A vibrating system consists of a mass of 8kg,spring of stiffness 5.6N/m and dashpot of damping
coefficient of 40N/m/s. Find,(i)Critical damping coefficient (ii) the damping factor (iii)the natural
frequency of damped vibration (iv)the logarithmic decrement(v)the ratio of two consecutive amplitude
(vi)the number of cycle after which the original amplitude is reduced to 20 percent.
6. An instrument vibrates with a frequency of 1Hz when there is no damping. When the damping is
provided, the frequency of damped vibration was observed to be 0.9Hz.
Find, (i) damping factor (ii) logarithmic decrement. (16)
7. Find the equation of motion for the spring mass-dashpot system for the cases when

(i) = 2 (ii) = 1 and (iii) = 0.3. The mass m is displaced by a distance of 30mm and released.
8. Between a solid mass of 0kg and the floor are kept two slabs of isolates, natural rubber and felt, in
series. The natural rubber slab has a stiffness of 3000N/m and equivalent viscous damping coefficient of
100 N-sec/m. The felt has a stiffness of 12000N/m and equivalent viscous damping coefficient of
330Nsec/m. Determine undamped and the damped natural frequencies of the system in vertical direction.
(16)
9. (i) A cantilever shaft 50mm diameter and 300mm long has a disc of mass 100kg at its free end. The
youngs modulus for the shaft material is 200GN/m. Determine the frequency of longitudinal and
transverse vibration of the shaft. (10)
(ii)Explain the sketches different cases of damped vibrations. (6)
10. The barrel of a large gun recoils against a spring on firing. At the end of the firing, a dashpot is
engaged that allows the barrel to return to its original position in minimum time without oscillation. Gun
barrel mass is 400kg and initial velocity of recoils1m.Determine spring stuffiness and critical damping
coefficient of dashpot. (16)
11. A steel shaft 100mm in diameter is loaded and support in shaft bearing 0.4m apart. The shaft carries
three loads: first mass 12kg at the centre, second mass 10kg at a distance 0.12m from the left bearing and
third mass of 7kg at a distance 0.09m from the right bearing. Find the value of the critical speed by using
Dunker leys method. E=2X1011N/m2 (16)
12. The flywheel of an engine dynamo has a mass of 200kg and K= 30 cm. The shaft at the flywheel end
has an effective length of 25cm and is 5cmdiameter. The armature mass is225kg and has a radius of
gyration of25.5cm the dynamo shaft has a diameterof4.375cm and an equivalent length of20cm.
Neglecting the inertia of the shaft and coupling calculate the frequency of the torsional vibration and
position of node. The modulus of rigidity for the shaft materials 80GN/m2
13. Three rotors A,B and C having moment of inertia of 2000,6000 and 3500 kg- m2 respectively are
carried on a uniform shaft of 0.35 m diameter. The length of the shaft between the rotors A and B is 6 m
and between B and C is 32 m. Find the natural frequency of torsional vibrations. Take C = 80GN/m2
14. Calculate whirling speed of a shaft 25 mm diameter and 0.7 m long carrying a
mass of 1 kg at its mid span. The density of the shaft material is 40,000 kg/m3, and
E=210GN/m2. Assume the shaft to be freely supported
15. A coil of spring stiffness 4N/mm supports vertically a mass of 20 kg at the free
end. The motion is restricted by the oil dashpot. It is found that the amplitude at the
beginning of the fourth cycle is 0.8 times the amplitude of previous vibration.
Determine the damping force per unit velocity. Also find the ratio of the frequency of
damped and undamped vibrations.
16.A shaft of length 1.25 m is 75 mm in diameter for the first 275 mm of length,125
mm in diameter for the next 500 mm length, 87.5 mm in diameter for the next 375
mm length and 175 mm in diameter for the remaining 100 mm of its length. The
shaft carries two rotors at two ends. The mass moment of inertia of the first rotor is
75 kg-m whereas of the second rotor is 50kg-m . Find the frequency of natural
torsional vibrations of the system. The modulus of the rigidity of the shaft material
may be taken as 80GN/m

17.Determine: (i) the critical damping coefficient, (ii) the damping factor, (iii) the
natural frequency of damped vibrations, (iv) the logarithmic decrement and (v) the
ratio of two consecutive amplitudes of a vibrating system which consists of a mass
of 25 kg, a spring of stiffness 15 kN/m and a damper. The damping provides is only
15% of the critical value.
18.A mass of 7.5 kg, hangs from a spring and makes damped oscillations. The time for
60 oscillations is 35 seconds and the ratio first and seventh displacement is 2.5 find
(i) the Stiffness of the spring and (ii) the damping resistance in N/m/s. if the
oscillations are critically damped, what is the damping resistance required in
N/m/s ?

UNIT-IV

FORCED VIBRATION

PART-A (2 Marks)
Define damping ratio or damping factor.
Define logarithmic decrement.
Give equation for damping factor and damped frequency d
What is meant by harmonic forcing?
What is the relationship between frequencies of undamped and damped vibration?
What is meant by dynamic magnifier or magnification factor?
Define transmissibility.
Define transmissibility ratio or isolation factor.
What is vibration isolation?
Sketch the graph for (/n) Vs Transmissibility for different values of damping factor.
PART-B (16 Marks)
1. A mass of 50kg is supported by an elastic structure of total stiffness 20KN/m.The damping ratio
of the system is 0.2.A simple harmonic disturbing force acts on the mass and at any time t
seconds, the force is 60sin10t newtons .Find amplitude of the vibration and phase angle caused by
the damping. (16)
2. A mass of 50kg is supported by an elastic structure of total stiffness 20KN/m.The damping ratio
of the system is 0.25.A simple harmonic disturbing force acts on the mass and at any time t
seconds, the force is 75cos12t newtons.Find amplitude of the vibration and phase angle caused by
the damping. (16)
3. A mass of 10kg is suspended from one end of a helical spring, the other end being fixed. The
stiffness of the spring is10N/mm.The viscous damping causes the amplitude to decreases to onetenth of the initial value in four complete oscillations. If a periodic force of 150cos50t N is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

applied at the mass in the vertical direction .Find the amplitude of the forced vibrations? What is
its value of resonance? (16)
4. A harmonic exiting force of 25N is acting on a machine part which is having a mass of 2Kg and
vibrating in viscous medium. The exciting force causes resonant amplitude of 12.5mm with a
period of 0.2sec. (16)
5. A body having a mass of 15kg is suspended from a spring which deflects 12mm under the weight
of the mass. Determine the frequency of the free vibrations. What is the viscous damping force
needed to make the motion a periodic at a speed of 1mm/s?If, when damped to this extend a
disturbing force having a maximum value of 100N and vibrating at 6Hz is made to act on the
body, determine the amplitude of the ultimate motion. (16)
6. A single cylinder vertical petrol engine of total mass of 200kg is mounted upon a steel chassis
frame.The vertical static deflection of the frame is 2.4mm due to the weight of the engine .The
mass of the reciprocating parts is 18kg and stroke of piston 160mm with S.H.M.If dashpot of
damping coefficient of 1N/mm/s used to damped the vibrations, calculate al steady state (i)
Amplitude of vibrations at 500rpm engine speed.(ii)The speed of the driving shaft at which
resonance will occurs.
7. A vertical single stage air compressor having a mass of 500kg is mounted on spring having
stiffness of 1.96X105N/m and dashpot with damping factor of 0.2m.The rotating parts are
completely balanced and the equivalent reciprocating parts weight 20kg.The stroke is
0.2m.Determine the dynamic amplitude of vertical motion of the excitation force if the
compressor is operate at 200rpm. (16)

8. A machine 100kg has a 20kg rotor with 0.5mm eccentricity. The mounting spring have s=85x103.
The operating speed is 600rpm and the unit is constrained to move vertically. Find (i) Dynamic
amplitude of machine (ii) the force transmitted to the support.
9. A single cylinder engine has an out of balance force of 500N at an engine speed of 30rpm.The
total mass of engine is 150kg and its carried on a set of total stiffness 300N/cm. (i) Find the
amplitude of steady motion of the mass and maximum oscillating force transmitted to the
foundation. (ii)If a viscous damping is interposed between the mass and the foundation the
damping force 1000N at 1m/s of velocity, find the amplitude of force damped oscillation of the
mass and its angle of lag with disturbing force. ` (16)
10. An industrial machine weighting 445kg is supported on a spring with a statical deflection of
0.5cm.If the machine has rotating imbalance of 25kg-cm.Determine the force transmitted at
1200rpm and the dynamic amplitude at the speed. (16)
11. The mass of an electric motor is 120kg and it runs at 1500rpm.The armature mass is 35kg and its
centra gravity lies 0.5mm from axis of rotation. The motor is mounted on five springs of
negligible damping. So that the force transmitted is one-eleventh of the impressed force. Assume
that the mass of the motor is equally distributed among the five springs. Determine (i) the
stiffness of the spring (ii) the dynamic force transmitted to the base at the operating speed. (iii)
Natural frequency of system.
12. Find the stiffness of each spring when a refrigerator unit having a mass of 30kg is to be support
by three springs. The force transmitted to the supporting structure is only 10% of the impressed
force. The refrigerator unit operates at 420rpm. (16)
13.A vibrating body is supported by six isolators each having stiffness 3200 N/m
and 6 dashpots having damping factor as 400 N-sec/m. the vibration body

isolated by a rotating device having an amplitude of 0.06 mm at 600 rpm.

Take m = 30 kg. Determine:
a. amplitude of vibration of the body ,and
b. dynamic load on each isolator due to vibration
14.A machine mass of 75 kg is mounted on springs of stiffness 1200 KN/m and
with and assumed damped factor of 0.2. A piston within the machine of mass
2 kg has a reciprocating motion with a stroke of 80 mm and a speed of 3000
cycles/min.Assuming the motion to be simple harmonic, find:
(i)
the amplitude of the motion of the machine ,
(ii)
its phase angle with respect to the exciting force,
(iii)
the force transmitted to the foundation, and
(iv)
the phase angle of transmitted force with respect to the
exciting force.
15.A machine supported symmetrically on four springs has a mass of 80 kg. The
mass of the reciprocating parts is 2.2 kg which move through a vertical stroke
of 100 mm with simple harmonic motion. Neglecting damping, determine the
combined stiffness of the springs so that the force transmitted to the
foundation is 1/20th of the impressed force. The machine crankshaft rotates at
800 rpm.
If, under actual working conditions, the damping reduces the
amplitude of successive vibrations by 30%, find: (i) the force transmitted to
the foundation at 800 rpm, and (ii) the force transmitted to the foundation at
resonance.
16.
A body having a mass of 15 kg is suspended from a spring which
deflects 12 mm under weight of the mass. Determine the frequency of the
free vibrations. What is the viscous damping force needed to make the
motion a periodic at a speed of 1 mm/s? If, when damped to this extent,
distributing force having a maximum value of 100 N and vibrating at 6 Hz is
made to act on the body, determine the amplitude of the ultimate motion.
UNIT-V

MECHANISMS FOR CONTROL

PART-A (2 Marks)
1. What is the function of governor?
2. How governors are classified?
3. Differentiate between governor and fly wheel.
4. What is meant by sensitiveness of a governor?
5. What is the effect of friction on the governor?
6. Define coefficient of sensitiveness.
7. What is meant by hunting?
8. What is meant by isochronous conditions governor?
9. Give application of gyroscopic principle.
10. What is gyroscopic torque?
11. What is the effect of gyroscopic couple on rolling of ship? Why?
12. Define gyroscopic couple.
13. Write expression for gyroscopic couple.
PART-B (16 Marks)
1. A porter governor has equal arms each 250mm long and pivoted on the axis of rotation. Each ball
has a mass of 5kg and mass of the central load on the sleeve is 25kg.The radius of rotation of the

ball is 150mm when governor is at maximum speed. Find the maximum and minimum speed and
range of speed of the governor. (16)
2. The length of the upper and lower arms of a porter governor are 200mm and 250mm respectively.
Both the arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation. The central load is 150N, the weight of the each
ball is 20N and the friction of the sleeve together with the resistance of the operating gear is
equivalent to a force of 30N at the sleeve. If the limiting inclinations of the upper arms to the
vertical are 30 and 40 taking friction in to account. Find the range of speed of the governor.
3. Calculate the rage of speed of a porter governor which has equal arms of each 200mm long and
pivoted on the axis of rotation .The mass of each ball is 4kg and the central load of the sleeve is
20kg.The radius of rotation of the ball is 100mm when the governor being to lift and 130mm
when the governor is at maximum speed. (16)
4. A hartnell governor having a central sleeve spring and two right angled bell crank lever operates
between 290rpm and 310rpm for a sleeve lift of 15mm.The sleeve and ball arms are 80mm and
120mm repectively.The levers are pivoted at 120mm from the governoraxis and mass of the ball
is 2.5kg.The ball arms are parallel at lowest equilibrium speed.Determine (i) load on the spring at
maximum and minimum speeds and (ii) Stiffness of the spring. (16)
5. A governor of hartnell type has equal balls of mass 3kg, set initially at a radius of 200mm.The
arms of the bell-crank lever are 110mm vertically and 150mm horizontally. Find (i) the initial
compressive force on the spring at a radius of 200mm at240rpm and (ii) the stiffness of the spring
required to permit a sleeve movement of 4mm on a fluctuation of 7.5 percent in the engine speed.
6. The controlling force in a spring controlled governor is 1500N when radius of rotation is 200mm
and 887.5N when radius of rotation is 130mm.The mass of each ball is 8kg.If the controlling
force curve is a straight line, then find (i) Controlling force at 150mm radius of rotation (ii) Speed
of the governor at 150mm radius.(iii)Increase in initial tension so that governor is isochronous.
(iv) Isochronous speed. (16)
7. In a spring controlled governor, the controlling force curve is a straight line. When the balls are
400mm apart, the controlling force is 1200N and when 200mm apart, the controlling force is
450N.Determine the speed at which the governor runs when the balls are 250mm apart. When
initial tension on the spring would be required for isochronisms and what would be the speed.
Take mass of each ball to be 10kg. (16)
8. Calculate the minimum speed of a proell governor, which has equal arms each of 200mm and are
provided on the axis of rotation. The mass of each ball is 4kg and the central mass on the sleeve is
20kg.The extension arms of the lower links are each 60mm long and parallel to the axis when the
minimum radius of the ball is 100mm.of load. (16)
9. (i) Explain the effect of Gyroscopic couple on a Naval ship during pitching.(8)
(ii) Explain the effect of gyroscopic couple on a Aero plane. (8)
10. Each paddle wheel of a steamer have a mass of 1600kg and a radius of gyration of 1.2meters.The
steamer turns to port in a circle of 160meters radius at 24Km/hr.The speed of the paddle is
90rpm.Find the magnitude and effect of the gyroscopic couple acting on the steamer. (16)
11. The rotor of a turbine yatch rotates at 1200rpm clockwise when viewed from stern. The rotor has
a mass of 750 kg and radius of gyration of 250mm.Find the maximum gyroscopic couple

transmitted to the hull when yacht pitches with a maximum angular velocity of 1 rad/s.What is
the effect of this couple? (16)
12. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 20 tonnes and a radius of gyration 0.75.Its speed is
2000rpm.The ship pitches 6 above and below the horizontal position .One complete oscillation
takes 18 seconds and the motion is simple harmonic. Determine (i) the maximum couple tending
to shear the holding down bolt of the turbine (ii)The maximum angular acceleration of the ship
during pitching (iii) The direction in which the bow will tend to turn while, if the rotation of the
rotor is clockwise when locking from rear. (16)
13.Explain the effect of gyroscopic couple on the reaction of the 4 wheels of a
vehicle negotiating a curve taking into account centrifugal force, self weight,
engine gyro and wheel gyro.
14.A disk with radius of gyration 60mm and a mass of 4kg is mounted on a
horizontal axle of 80mm length between the bearings. It spins about the axle
at 800rpm ccw when viewed from the right-hand side bearing. It spins about
the axle at 800 r.p.m. counter clockwise when viewed from the right hand
side bearing. The axle processes about vertical axis at 50 r.p.m.in the
clockwise direction when viewed from above. Determine the resultant
reaction at each bearing due to the mass and gyroscopic effect.
15.The following particulars refers to a proell governor with open arms:
Length of all arms = 200 mm, distance of pivot of arms from the axis of
rotation = 40 mm, length of extension of lower arms to which each ball is
attached = 100 mm, mass of each ball = 6 kg and mass of the central load =
150 kg. If the radius of rotation of the balls is 180 mm when the arms are
inclined at an angle of 40 to the axis of rotation, find the equilibrium speed
for the above configuration.
16.The turbine rotor of ship has a mass of 2.2 tones and rotates at 1800 rpm
clockwise when viewed from the aft. The radius of gyration of the rotor is 320
mm. Determine the gyroscopic couple and its effect when: (i) the ship turns
right at a radius of 250 m with a speed of 25 km/hr, (ii) the ship pitches with
the bow rising at an angular velocity of 0.8 rad/s., and (iii) the ship rolls at an
angular velocity of 0.1 rad/s.
17.In an Hartnell governor , the lengths of ball and sleeve arms of a bell crank
lever are 120 mm and 100 mm respectively. The fulcrum of the bell crank
lever is located at 140 mm from the governor axis. Each governor ball is 4 kg.
the governor runs at 5 rps with the ball arms vertical and sleeve arms
horizontal. The sleeve movement is found to be 10 mm (upwards) for an
increase of speed of 4 % find;
a. Maximum speed if the total sleeve movement is limited to 20 mm,
b. The spring stiffness,
c. Sensitiveness of governor, and
d. Required spring stiffness for isochronisms at 300 rpm .