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Topic: Tib-e-Yunani, Hikmet, Hakeems, Desi Ilaaj, Tabeeb, Greek Medicine. (Read
Tib-e-Yunani, Hikmet, Hakeems,
Desi Ilaaj, Tabeeb, Greek Medicine.
on: April 08, 2014, 11:05:29 PM
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wrote Kitab-al-shifa (Book of Healing). This system, earlier known as "Galenics", later
became known as Unani Tibb, (Unani being the Arabic word for "Greek" and Tibb an
Arabic word for "medicine").
Principles of Unani medicine
Unani medicine states that disease is a natural process and that symptoms are the
reactions of the body to disease. It employs the humoral theory which presupposes the
presence of four akhlaat (humours) in the body dam (blood), balgham (phlegm), safra
(yellow bile) and sauda (black bile). Each humour has its own temperament: blood is
hot and moist; phlegm is cold and moist; yellow bile is hot and dry; and black bile is
cold and dry. According to Unani, if the four main humours and the four primary
temperaments (hot, cold, dry, moist) are all in a state of mutual equilibrium, the person
is considered healthy.
The body is made of four basic elements; Earth, Air, Water, & Fire with different
temperaments i.e cold, hot, wet & dry. The body organs get their nourishment through
four humors; Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile & Black Bile. The concept of health in Tibb-eUnani is a state of body in which there is equilibrium in the humors, and the function of
the body is normal in accordance with its own temperament and the environment. When
the equilibrium in the humors is disturbed and the functions of body are abnormal that
state is called disease. Tibb-e-Unani takes a holistic approach towards prevention of
disease, cure and promotion of health. Tibb-e-Unani relies on drugs made from
medicinal plants, herbs, minerals, or of metallic or animal origin, for the treatment of
disease.
Seven Essential Constituents
The essential constituents and the working principles of the body, according to Unani,
can be classified into seven main groups:
arkan or elements
mizaj (temperament)
akhlat (humours)
aza (organs); arwah (life, spirits or vital breaths)
arwah (life, spirits or vital breaths)
quva (energy)
af'al (action)
Four Elements According to Tibb-e-Unani the human body is composed of following
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four elements:
Air
Water
Earth
Fire
Each of the four elements has its own special qualities: earth is cold and dry; water is
cold and moist; fire is hot and dry; air is hot and moist.
Four Humours
According to Tibb-e-Unani four humours are responsible for transportation of energy in
Human body.
Blood (dam)
Phlegm (balgham)
Yellow bile (safra)
Black bile (sauda)
Physical temperament (Mizaj)
The interaction of the elements produces various states, which in turn determine the
temperament of an individual. It is of paramount importance to keep that temperament
in mind while prescribing a course of treatment. Each individual has a unique
temperament, which may potentially be real equitable, equitable or inequitable.
Following are the nine Temperaments types
Balanced
Hot
Cold
Moist
Dry
Hot and Dry
Hot and Moist
Cold and Dry
Cold and moist
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The state of real equitable never occurs in reality, rather it is a theoretical situation in
which the temperaments of the four elements used are equal. The resultant quality of
the uniform body is called its mizaj. The temperament of a substance may be a mizaj-emutadil (balanced one) or a mizaj-e-ghair-mutadil (imbalanced one).
Different types and shades of imbalanced temperaments are described in Unani, which
believes that at birth every person is endowed with a unique and healthy humoral
constitution determining the temperament of an individual.
Six Key Factors influencing Health & Disease
In Unani medicine, six key factors are evaluated in relation to health. These six factors
are called "al-umoor al-tabiyah". Each has a close relation to, and a direct bearing on,
the state of health of an individual. Therefore, it is necessary for a Unani medicine
practitioner to take all these factors into consideration in order to arrive at a correct
diagnosis and decide how to treat the ailment. Unani medicine stresses the influence of
surroundings on the state of health of human beings. It states six essential prerequisites
for the prevention of disease and it places great emphasis on the maintenance of a
proper ecological balance and on keeping water, food and air free from all pollution.
These prerequisites, known as al-asbab al-sitta al-dharuriya (six essentials) follow:
Air.
Food and drink.
Physical exercise and repose.
Mental exertion and repose.
Sleep and wakefulness.
Evacuation and retention.
Concepts of the stages of digestion According to the Unani system of medicine,
there are four stages of digestion.
Gastric digestion followed by intestinal digestion, when food is turned into chyme
and chyle and carried to the liver.
Hepatic digestion, when chyle is converted into the four humours in varying
quantities, blood being the largest. Thus, the blood that leaves the liver is
intermixed with the other three humours; phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.
Vessel digestion, in which every tissue absorbs nutrition by its attractive power
and retains it by its retentive power.
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Tissue digestion is the digestive power that, in conjunction with the power of
assimilation, converts the nutritive elements into tissue. The waste material
remaining in the humours at this stage is excreted by the expulsive power. Unani
practitioners maintain that when any disturbance occurs in the equilibrium of the
humours, it causes disease. Therefore the Unani mode of treatment aims to
restore the equilibrium of the humours.
Yanani Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment States of the human body (Haalaat
al-jism) According to Unani medicine practitioners, the states of the body are grouped
under three headings:
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Jarahat (Surgery).
The regimental therapy includes procedures like venesection, cupping, Turkish bath,
massage, exercise and leeching among others. These therapies involves working on
specific body reflexes, most commonly by massage. But in case of musculoskeletal
problems like arthritis and back pain, application of cold, heat or suction cups is also
done. In rare instances, serious and acute diseases are treated by puncturing certain
reflex points, during which a few drops of blood are released.
Similarly, dietotherapy involves administration of specific diets or regulation of
quantity and quality of food, where as pharmacotherapy deals with administration of
drugs derived from plant and mineral sources. In unani system, single drugs or their
combinations in raw form are preferred over compound formulations.
"A Unani physician does not prescribe the strongest drug at the beginning of the
treatment. He selects the drug according to the degree of variation from the normal
healthy condition and observes the effect produced by the treatment. At the same time,
he instructs the patient to observe some restrictions in diet and lifestyle."
Since in Unani, health and disease depend upon the equilibrium or imbalance between
the four humours, a thorough examination of the pulse is undertaken to determine
which humour is dominant at the time. The examination of the urine is the next
important step. Its colour, taste, viscosity, whether it has froth on its surface, if the
bubbles formed are large, indicating balgham, or small, indicating safra are scrutinised.
The stool is also examined in a similar way.
Scope of Tibb-e-Unani in Pakistan
Tib_e_unani in Pakistan Traditional Medicines has been a conspicuous component oft he
cultural heritage of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and has played a significant role in
providing health care to a large portion of the population.
National Council for Tibb?
National Council for Tube is a body corporate, having perpetual succession and a
common seal established under the provisions of Unani, Ayurvedic and Homeopathic
Practitioners Act, 1965.
It consists of the following members, namely:Four members, being qualified and registered practitioners of the Unani System of
Medicine, to be nominated by the Federal Government after consulting the Provincial
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