TITLE : THE SOURCE OF HYDRAULIC POWER ; PUMPS (Sheet 1-Example)

(Sheet 2-Question)

Example 6.1:
A gear pump has a 3-in.inside diameter, and a 1-in.width.If the pump actual flow at 1800 rpm and rated pressure is 28 gpm,

what is the volumetric efficiency?

Solution:
UNIT BRITISH

Do (in) 3

Di (in) 2

L (in) 1

N (rpm) 1,800

QA (gpm) 28

VD (in³) ?

QT (gpm) ?

η ?

i ) Displacement Volume,VD (in³)= PI / 4 (Do - Di) L , P =3.142

VD (in³) 3.93

ii ) Theoretical floe rate, QT (gpm)= VDN / 231

QT(gpm) 30.60

iii ) Volumetric efficiency,η = QA / QT *100

η 91.5

Example 6.2 :

A gear pump has a 75 mm outsidde diameter, and a 25 mm width. If the volumetric efficiency is 90% at rated

pressure, what is the correspondingflow rate?. The pump speed is 1000 rpm.
Solution :
UNIT METRIC

Do (m) 0.075

Di (m) 0.05

L (m) 0.025

N (rpm) 1,000

η 90%

VD (m³rev) ?

QA (m³/min) ?

i ) Displacement Volume,VD (m³rev)= PI / 4 (Do - Di) L , P 3.142

VD(m³/rev) 6.14E-05

Since 1L = 0.001m³, VD 0.0614 L

ii )Actual flow rate QA (m³/min) = QT * η = VD * N *η

QA(m³/min) 0.0552

Since 1L = 0.001m³ ,
QA (L/min) 55.23

QA (L/s) 0.92

Example 6.3 :

A vane pump is to have a volumetric displacement of 5 in³.It has a rotor diameter of 2 in.,a cam ring diameter of 3 in.,

and a vane width of 2 in. What must be the eccentricity?

Solution :
UNIT BRITISH

VD (in³) 5

DC (in) 2

DR (in) 3
 L (in) 2

e (in) ?

P 3.142

Eccentricity,e (in) = 2 VD / [ PI ( DC + DR ) L ]

e (in) 0.318

Example 6.4:

A vane pump has a rotor diameter of 50 mm, a cam ring diameter of 75 mm, and a vane width of 50 mm.

If the eccentricity is 8 mm, determine the volumetric displacement.

Solution :
UNIT METRIC

VD (m³) ?

DC (m) 0.075

DR (m) 0.05

L (m) 0.05

e (m) 0.008

P 3.142

Volumetric displacement, VD (m³) = PI [ ( DC + DR )* e* L ]

VD (m³) 7.86E-05

Since 1L = 0.001m³ ,

VD (m³) 0.07855

Example 6.5 :

Find the offset angle for an axial piston pump that delivers 16 gpm at 3000 rpm. The pump has nine

1/2 in-diameter pistons arranged on a 5-in.piston circle diameter.

Solution :
UNIT BRITISH
 D(in) 5
(piston circle)

dpiston(in) 0.5

Y 9
(no. of piston)

N (rpm) 3,000

Q (gpm) 16

theta, ( ) ?

P 3.142

tan   = (231*Q) / (D*A*N*Y) = 0.14

  8

Example 6.6 :

Find flow rate in units of L/s an axial piston pump delivers at 1000 rpm. The pump has nine15-mm diameter pistons

arranged on a125-mm.piston circle diameter. The offset angle is set at 10°.

Solution :
UNIT METRIC

D(m) 0.125
(piston circle)

d(m) 0.015
piston

Y 9
(no. of piston)

N (rpm) 1,000

Q (m³/min) ?

tan 10 0.176

P 3.142
 Flow rate Q (m³/min) = D*A*N*Y tan  

Q (m³/min 0.035

Since 1L = 0.001 m³, dan 1min = 60 s

Q (L/s) 0.583

Example 6.7:

A pump has a displacement volume of 5 in³. It delivers 20 gpm at 1000 rpm and 1000 psi. If the prime mover

input torque is 900 in-lb.

a. What is the overall efficiency of the pump?

b. What is the theoretical torque required to operate the pump ?

Solution :
UNIT BRITISH

VD (in³) 5

N (rpm) 1,000

QA (gpm) 20

QT (gpm) 21.6

P (psi) 1,000

TA (in-lb) 900

TT (in.lb) ?

ηo ?

ηv ?

ηm ?

a.)
Theoretical flow rate, QT (gpm) = VD*N / 231

QT (gpm) 21.6

Volumetric efficiency, ηv = (QA/QT)*100

ηv 92.4
 Mechanical efficiency, ηm = [ ( PQT / 1714) / (T*N / 6300) ] * 100

ηm 88.4

Overall efficiency, ηo = (ηv *ηm) * 100

ηo 81.7

b) Theoretical torque , TT (in.lb)= TA * ηm

TT (in.lb) 796

Example 6.8 :

Oil at 20 gpm and 500 psi enters the low-pressure inlet of a 5:1 Racine booster. Find the discharge flow and pressure.

Solution :
UNIT BRITISH

low inlet pressure (psi) 500

area of piston (in²) 5

area of rod (in²) 1

high inlet flow rate (gpm) 20

high discharge pressure = area of piston = high inlet flow rate

low inlet pressure area of rod low discharge flow rate

i) high discharge pressure = area of piston * low inlet pressure = 2500 psi

ii) low discharge flow rate = high inlet flow rate / area of piston = 4 gpm

Example 6.9 :

A pump has a displacement volume of 100 cm³. It delivers 0.0015 m³/sat 1000 rpm and 70 bars. If the prime mover input

torque is 120 N.m.

a. What is the overall efficiency of the pump?

b. What is the theoretical torque required to operate the pump ?

Solution :
UNIT MATRIC

V (cm³) 100
 N (rpm) 1000

QA (m³/s) 0.0015

P (N/m²) 7,000,000

TA (N.m) 120

VD (m³/rev) ?

QT (m³/s) ?

ηv ?

ηm ?

ηo ?

a)
Volumetric displacement, VD (m³/rev) = (cm³/rev)*(1m/100cm)³

VD (m³/rev) 0.0001

Theoretical flow rate, QT(m³/s) = VD*N

QT(m³/s) 0.001667

Volumetric efficiency, ηv= (QA/QT)*100

ηv 90

Mechanical efficiency, ηm = (P*QT / T*N) * 100

ηm 93

Overall efficiency, ηo = (ηv *ηm) * 100

ηo 83.5

b) Theoretical torque , TT (in.lb)= TA * ηm

TT (in.lb) 111
ssure is 28 gpm,

ed
er of 3 in.,
pistons
d pressure.

e mover input
 System Prolem

Problem 6.67E:

For the fluid power system of Fig. 6.14, the following data are given:

Solution:
Rumus:
Qpump act.(in³/s) = Apiston x Vpiston ext.

Qpump act.(gpm) = (151in³/s) x (gal/231in³) x (60s/min)

Qpump theo.(gpm) = = Qpump act.(gpm)/ηv

=VD * N / 231

HPpump output = (ΔP)Qact./1714

Fext.load (lb) = Pblank end x Apiston - Prod end(Apiston-Arod) ;

Pblank end =Fext.load + [ Prod end ( Apiston-Arod ) ] / Apiston

HPpump input = HPpump output

ηv ηm

HPpump input =TN / 6300 Thus 25.2 = T x 1800 / 63000

Power to load = Fload x Vcyl.ext.

Vcyl.ext = 3 in/s x 1ft/12in x 1hp/550ft.lb/s = 0.000455

Thus, Power to load = Fload x Vcyl.ext =

percent of pump input power delivery to load = power to load / hp pump input x100

UNIT BRITISH

Input Output

Dpiston (in) 8 Apiston (in²) 50.27

Drod (in) 4 Apiston-Arod 37.7

V (in/s) 3 Qpump act.(in³/s) 151

Fext.load (lb) 40,000 Qpump act.(gpm) 39.2

ηv (%) 0.92 Qpump theo.(gpm) 42.6

ηm (%) 0.90 VD (in³) 5.46

N (rpm) 1,800 Pblank end (psi) 833

P 3.142 HPpump output 20.8

Ppump in. (psi) 4.0 Hppump in 25.2

Ptotal from rod (psi) 50 T (in.lb) 881

Ptotal from pump (psi) 75 Power to load 18.2

Power delivery (%) 72.2

 Pump Power

Problem 6.61M:

A pump has a displacement volume of 98.4 cm³. It delivery 0.0152 m³/s of oil at 1000 rpm and 70 bars.

If the prime mover input torque is 124.3 N.m.

a) What is the overall efficiency of the pump ?

b) what is the theoretical torque required to operate the pump ?

Solution:
Rumus:
Theoretical flow rate, QT (m³/s) = VD x N

Volumetric efficiency, ηv = (QA/QT) x 100

Mechanical efficiency, ηm = ( PQT / Tω ) 100

ω=2 P N =
Overall efficiency, ηo = (ηv *ηm) * 100

Theoretical torque , TT (in.lb)= TA * ηm

UNITS METRIC

Input Output

VD (m³) 0.0000984 QT (m³/s) 0.00164

N (rpm) 1,000 ηv (%) 92.7

P (N/m² ) 7000000 ηm (%) 88.2

QA (m³/s) 0.00152 ηo(%) 81.7

T (N.m) 124.3 TT (N.m) 109.6

P 3.142
104.7333