6a

to be: past simple, There was / There were,

time expressions

Where were you this morning?

You werent at home.

I was at the zoo!

Learn it!
Read and complete.
Affirmative

Negative
full form

short form

I was here.
You were there.
He was happy.
She
Greek.
It was hot.
We were at home.
You were sad.
They were at the zoo.

I was not here.

You were not there.
He was not happy.
She was not Greek.
It was not hot.
We were not at home.
You were not sad.
They were not at the zoo.

I wasnt here.
You werent there.
He wasnt happy.
She wasnt Greek.
It wasnt hot.
We werent at home.
You
sad.
They werent at the zoo.

Questions

Short answers

Was I here?
Were you there?
Was he happy?
Was she Greek?
Was it hot?
Were we at home?
Were you sad?
Were they at the zoo?

affirmative

negative

Yes, you were.

Yes, I was.
Yes, he was.
Yes, she was.
Yes, it was.
Yes, we / you
Yes, we were.
Yes, they were.

No, you werent.

No, I wasnt.
No, he wasnt.
No, she wasnt.
No, it wasnt.
No, we / you werent.
No, we werent.
No, they werent.

past simple . be past

simple . I/he/she/it was (, ),
we/you/they were (, , ), .. I was at school. My baby brothers
were at the toy shop. not was were.

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6a
wasn't weren't, .. Sue wasn't at the supermarket. The children weren't at
the museum.
Was/Were + . Yes +
+ was/were, .. Were you at the post office? Yes, I was.
No + + wasn't/weren't, .. Were they at home? No, they weren't.

there was, there were

Affirmative

Negative

There was a match yesterday.

There were a lot of people at the concert.

There wasnt any fruit in the fridge.

There werent many people in the shop.

Questions

Short answers

Was there a mountain on the island?

Were there a lot of statues in the museum?

affirmative

negative

Yes, there was.

Yes, there were.

No, there wasnt.

No, there werent.

there was there were .

, There was, .. There was a dog in the park.
, There were, .. There were a lot of people
at the bank.

Time expressions
in

in January, in February, etc.

We werent in Paris in December.

on

on Monday, on Tuesday, etc.

There were a lot of people at the cinema on Friday.

last

last night, last week, last month, etc. I was ill last week.

ago

three days ago, a week ago, a

minute ago, etc.

My dog was here a minute ago! Where did he go?

yesterday yesterday, yesterday morning,

yesterday afternoon, etc.

He wasnt at the match yesterday afternoon.

in January, on Monday, on Saturday

afternoon, yesterday, yesterday evening, last night, last week, last year, three days ago, two weeks
ago past simple , .. We were at the cinema last night. Sue and
Mark were at the beach last week.

Do it!
1 Match.
1 Was John at school today?

a Yes, I was.

2 Was your sister at the cinema?

b Yes, it was. It was 1,000!

3 Was Shrek on television last night?

c No, they werent.

4 Were the children in the playground?

d No, it wasn't.

5 Was your laptop expensive?

e Yes, she was.

6 Were you at the bank this morning?

f No, he wasnt.

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6a
2 Write was or were.

1 Your friend was here a minute ago.

2 The children at the party
3 You

6 There

very shy.

sleepy in class yesterday. Why?

4 There

a good programme on

television last night!

5 That puzzle

some actors at the theatre on

Wednesday.
7 This morning, James
with his dad.
8 My sister and I

difficult.

in the toy shop

at the train station

yesterday morning.

3 Choose the correct answer.

Holiday!

Sunday 5 th
Sunday 12
th

Johns house

Monday 13

th

Tuesday 14

th

Wednesday 15

Party! 9 pm

Thursday 16

In bed ill

th

th

Friday 17th
Saturday 18

th

9 am park ball
4 pm footema
10 pm - cin

1 a before

b ago

2 a On

b In

3 a morning

b evening

4 a ago

b last

5 a Yesterday

b Last

6 a afternoon

b noon

7 a yesterday

b last

th
Sunday 19
!
David was busy this week
on
, he was
A week 1
2
Monday, he
holiday.
On
was at his friends house.
ol, but
Tuesday, he was at scho
3
,
on Wednesday
David and his friends were
ys
at a party. Then, three da
4
, on Thursday,
5
David was ill in bed!
rk.
morning, he was at the pa
6
, he was
Yesterday
7
at football, and
a!
night, he was at the cinem

4 Write the negatives. Use short forms.

1 I was at home.

I wasnt at home.

5 There were a lot of girls in the playground.

2 You were at school.

6 The sandwiches were nice.

3 My dad was at the post office.

7 We were cold.

4 The programme was good.

8 There was a dog on my towel!

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6a
5 Write was, were, wasnt or werent.
Mark: There 1 was

Sam: Really? 2

a great party at Evas house on Saturday.

there a lot of people?

Mark: Yes, there were 20 or 30 people. And of course, Eva 3

Sam: And

Mark: No, they 5

Sam:

. They 6

at the cinema.

there food?

Mark: No, there

there with her sisters.

Evas parents there?

, but there was music. It was fantastic!

6 Write questions. Use the past simple of be.

4 (there / children / in / park)

1 (the boy / in front of / the house / yesterday)

Was the boy in front of the house yesterday?

2 (you / at / the post office / this morning)

5 (there / a car / in / the car park)

3 (your mum / at / the bank / three days ago)

6 (Ellie and Alex / on / their bikes / there)

7 Write the answers. Then ask and answer with a friend.

1 Were the children at the hospital?

4 Was Natalie at the train station?

No, they werent. They were at the train station.

2 Was Anthony at the supermarket?

5 Were Jim and Tom at the caf?

3 Were Mr Jones and Steven in the school?

6 Was the dog in the cinema?

8 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences or questions.

1 night / at / home / wasnt / I / last

5 children / three / class / the / in / were / There

I wasnt at home last night.

2 ago / was / a / here / My / phone / minute

6 Monday / was / late / for / school / Jane / on

3 December / test / in / Was / the ?

7 was / night / There / party / last / a

4 you / at school / morning / yesterday / Were ?

8 there / on / yesterday / television / Was / football ?

Time to talk!
9 Ask and answer questions. Use the past simple and time expressions.
a lot of people your friend your brother(s) /
sister(s) / cousin(s) / uncle(s) /aunt(s) / parents
music food drinks dancing games

your (birthday) party the supermarket school

the museum the caf

Were your cousins at your birthday party last night?

Was there music?

No, there wasnt.

Yes, they were.

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6b

can and cant for ability and permission

Stop!
The shop assistant says
I can play the piano.

You can play the piano but

you can't play the piano.
What do you mean?
You've got permission, but
you haven't got the ability!

Learn it!
Read and complete.
Affirmative

Negative

I can run fast.

You can go to the party.
He can swim very well.
She can have some chocolate.
It can close its eyes.
We can play a game.
You can sing.
They can come in now.

full form

short form

I cannot run fast.

You cannot go to the party.
He cannot swim very well.
She cannot have any
chocolate.
It cannot close its eyes.
We cannot play a game.

I can't run fast.

You can't go to the party.
He can't swim very well.
She can't have any
chocolate.
It can't close its eyes.
We
play a game.
You can't sing.
They can't come in now.

You cannot sing.

They cannot come in now.
Questions
Can I run fast?
Can you go to the party?
Can he swim very well?
Can she have some chocolate?
Can it close its eyes?
Can we play a game?
Can you sing?
Can they come in now?

Short answers
affirmative

negative

Yes, you can.

Yes, I can.
Yes, he can.
Yes, she can.
Yes, it can.
Yes, we / you can.
Yes, we
.
Yes, they can.

No, you cant.

No, I cant.
No, he cant.
No, she cant.
No, it cant.
No, we / you cant.
No, we cant.
No, they cant.

B e ca re fu l!
Cannot is one word,
not two.

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6b
can ()
. .
+ can + . ,
.. Jonathan can ride a horse. () You can have a picnic in the park. ()
cannot, can't, .. I
can't drive. ( ) You can't go swimming today. ( )
Can +
+ .
Yes + + can, .. Can William play the
piano? Yes, he can. () No + +
can't, .. Can the children go fishing in the river? No, they can't. ()

Do it!
1 Write A (for ability) or P (for permission).
1 Can you help me? A

5 The teacher says we can take photos for this

project.

2 Can you swim?

3 Mum says we can go out tonight.

6 My mum cant drive.

4 Can your brother play football well?

7 No, you can't take my mp3 player.

2 Write can or cant.

1 Its dark in here. I cant

4 Please

see.

2 Karen is from France. Of course she

my friends?
5

speak French!
3 I

homework.

1 Ive got a cold. Can I go home?

I read your comic?

6 I

go out tonight Ive got lots of

3 Match.

I go out and play football with

understand this question.

Can you help?

a No, they cant.

2 I dont know the answer.

b No, he cant.

3 I can make spaghetti.

d Yes, I can.

4 Can you help me with this question?

c I cant!

5 Can your brother drive a car?

e I can tell you!

6 Can the children play football?

f Yes, you can.

All about you!

4 Complete the sentences about what you can and cant do.
Ability
1 I can play football
2 I can
3 I cant
4 I cant

.
.
.
.

Permission
5 I can go to the cinema on Saturday
6 I can
7 I cant
8 I cant

.
.
.
.

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6b

must and mustnt for obligation

Learn it!
Read and complete.
Affirmative
I must go home now.
You must do your homework.
He must be quiet.
She must eat her carrots.
It must sleep in its cage.
We must listen to the teacher.
You must clean your teeth.
They must have a bath.

Negative
full form

short form

I must not leave rubbish here.

You must not shout in class.
He must not get up late.
She must not ride her bike.
It must not eat chocolate.
We must not run in the street.
You must not write on the desk.
They must not break their toys.

I mustn't leave rubbish here.

You mustn't shout in class.
He mustn't get up late.
She
ride her bike.
It mustn't eat chocolate.
We mustn't run in the street.
You mustn't write on the desk.
They mustn't break their toys.

Questions
Must I go home now?
Must you do your homework?
Must he be quiet?
Must she eat her carrots?
Must it sleep in its cage?
Must we listen to the teacher?
Must you clean your teeth?
Must they have a bath?
must ()
(rules).
+ must + . ,
.. I must clean my teeth every day. She must put the rubbish in the bin.
not must. mustn't
, .. You mustn't swim after lunch. We mustn't play football in class.
Must + + .
Yes + + must, .. Must I do my homework now? Yes,
you must. No + + mustn't.

Do it!
1 Circle the correct words.
1 You must / mustnt run in the school.
2 You must / mustnt be late for school in the morning.
3 You must / mustnt do your homework carefully at home.
4 You must / mustnt play games in the lesson.
5 You must / mustnt wear clean clothes to school.
6 You must / mustnt listen to your teacher.

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6b
2 Complete. Use must or mustnt and these words.
pick

put

break

listen

eat

shut

3 You

gates after you.

4 You

food in the classroom.

1 Students must listen carefully to their teacher.

5 People

2 ou

6 You

flowers.

rubbish in the bin.

my new laptop!

3 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

4 stop / You / at / must / light / the / red

1 desk / write / the / on / mustnt / You

You mustnt write on the desk.

2 parents / We / nice / be / to / must / our

5 street / mustnt / We / in / the / cycle

3 on / party / Sunday / miss / mustnt / We / the

6 do / homework / my / I / must / now

4 Write Andy's rules at home. Use I + must or mustnt.

1 do homework after school

5 play on the balcony

I must do my homework after school.

2 listen to Mum and Dad

6 get up late for school

3 give food to the animals

7 break my baby brothers toys

4 have a shower every day

8 leave the doors and windows open

Time to talk!
5 Ask and answer.
can / cant (ability)

can / cant (permission)

ride (a bike / a horse)

drive
make (dinner / a fire, etc.)
speak (English, etc.)
swim

go out (on my bike / with my friend, etc.)

watch television
go to (a party / the supermarket, etc.)
listen to music
have (a sandwich / glass of water, etc. )

Can you ride a bike?

Yes, I can. / No, I cant.

Can I go out with my friend?

Yes, you can. But you must be careful / you mustnt be late.
No, you cant. You must finish your homework first.

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6c

Adverbs of manner
This is great! I drive brilliantly!

No, Sid. You drive quickly and very dangerously.

Learn it!
Read and complete.
quiet quietly
careful

She talks quietly.

He drives carefully.

horrible horribly I never speak horribly to people.

happy happily
hungry

The kids are playing happily together.

The cat is looking hungrily at the food.

.
adverbs of manner ( ) , ..
I can run quickly. .
-ly , ..
slow slowly.
.
.
-y, -y -ily, .. The children
are singing happily.
-le, -le -ly, .. That man is
speaking horribly to the children.

Do it!
1 Find eight adverbs. Then complete the table.
-ly

-ily

1 dangerous dangerously
2 quiet
3 quick
4 amazing

5 noisy
6 hungry
7 busy
8 happy

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noisily

D
C
F
N
O
I
S
I
L
Y
U

A
R
G
B
U
T
I
L
Y
S
H

N
O
A
O
H
P
Q
I
L
Y
U

G
L
M
U
A
A
U
S
B
B
N

E
L
A
R
P
R
I
A
U
O
G

R
O
Z
L
P
Y
E
L
S
L
R

O
A
I
Y
I
L
T
L
I
L
I

U
N
N
P
L
I
L
Y
L
Y
L

S
T
G
O
Y
L
Y
D
Y
S
Y

L
L
L
D
T
A
A
N
P
E
L

Y
Y
Y
L
Q
U
I
C
K
L
Y

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6c
2 Write the words.

1 Please dont drive dangerously through our town. S L Y R O A D G E N U

at the sweets! G R I L H U N Y

2 Benny is looking

. YICKLUQ

3 Finish this exercise

. LYIQUET

4 The thief came in

to her children. B L I Y H O R R

5 That woman speaks

? W O S L LY

6 I dont understand can you speak

3 Match.
1 He always speaks nicely

a quietly in class.

2 The children are writing quickly because

b dangerously and very quickly.

3 She eats healthily and

c noisily! Please close your mouth!

4 Simon always sits

d she never has sweets.

5 Tom drives

e to his teacher.

6 Dont eat so

f there isn't much time.

4 Complete. Use adverbs.

Here we are in the school playground. Thats Danny with a

cake. Hes eating 1 quickly
. You can see Helen there. I
dont think shes hungry because shes eating very 2
!
3
Thats Paul on his bike. Hes riding
in the playground.
4
Thats why Dina is looking
at him. Thomas isnt
talking to the other children hes just playing 5
with
6
his cars. Regina and Helen are talking
and Lydia
7
is dancing
.

Time to talk!

Person

5 Make sentences. Take turns.

Alex rides his bike quickly.
My mum sings amazingly.

Verb

ride
do
Alex
make
Ellie
talk
My mum
swim
My dad
My brother walk
listen
My sister
read
You
sing
I
write
We
look

quick
slow
dangerous
angry
happy
busy
beautiful

Adverb
quietly
hungrily
quickly
horribly
amazingly
brilliantly
noisily
dangerously
busily
slowly
strangely
happily

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