Cap 13

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 13, Solution 1.
Given: Weight of satellite,
W = 1000 lb
Speed of satellite,
v = 14, 000 mi/h
Find: Kinetic energy, T

h
v = (14,000 mi/h )( 5280 ft/mi )
= 20,533 ft/s
3600 s
Mass of satellite =
T =
(1000 lb )
32.2 ft/s 2
= 31.0559 lbs 2 /ft
1
1
2
mv 2 = ( 31.0559 )( 20,533) = 6.5466 109 lb ft
2
2
T = 6.55 109 lb ft
Note: Acceleration of gravity has no effect on the mass of the satellite.

T = 6.55 109 lb ft !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Circumference
v=
Time
v=
( 2 )( 6370 km + 35,800 km )(1000 m/km )

( 23 hr )( 3600 s/hr ) + ( 56 min )( 60 s/hr )
= 3075.2 m/s
v = 3075.2 m/s
Kinetic energy, T =
1
1
2
mv 2 = ( 500 kg )( 3075.2 m/s )
2
2
T = 2.36 GJ !
m = 2 kg
Given: Mass of stone,
v = 24 m/s
Velocity of stone,
g m = 1.62 m/s 2
Acceleration of gravity on the moon,

Find:
(a) Kinetic energy, T
Height h, from which the stone was dropped
(b) T and h on the Moon
T =
(a) On the Earth
1 2 1
2
mv = ( 2 kg )( 24 m/s ) = 576 N m
2
2
T = 576 J !
W = mg = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 19.62 N

T1 = U1 2 = T2
Wh = T2
h=
T1 = 0
U1 2 = Wh
T2 = 576 J
( 576 N m ) = 29.36 m
T2
=
W
(19.62 N )
h = 29.4 m !
(b) On the Moon

m = 2 kg
Mass is unchanged.
T = 576 J !
Thus T is unchanged.
Weight on the moon is,
Wm = mg m = ( 2 kg ) 1.62 m/s 2
Wm = 3.24 N
hm =
( 576 N m ) = 177.8 m
T
=
Wm
3.24 N
hm = 177.8 m !
1 lb
1
m = 1.6203
2
16 oz 32.2 ft/s
(a) T =
1
1 1.62
2
m v2 =
(160 ft/s)
2
2 16(32.2)
T = 40.2 ft-lb !
At maximum height,
v = vx = (160 ft/s) cos 25
(b) T =
1
m (160cos 25)2
2
T = 33.1 ft-lb !
Use work and energy with position 1 at A and position 2 at C.
At 1
Fy = 0
Fy = 0
At 2
N1 mg cos 30 = 0
N1 = mg cos 30
N 2 mg = 0
N 2 = mg
Work and energy

T1 + V1 2 = T2
(1)
Where
T1 +
1
1
m v12 = m (4 ft/s) 2 = 8 m
2
2
V1 2 = k N1 d k N 2 (20) + mg (d sin 30)

T2 =
1 2 1
mv2 = m (8)2 = 32 m
2
2
Into (1)
8 m k mgd cos 30 k mg (20) + mgd sin 30 = 32 m
Solve for d =
32 8 + k g 20
32 8 + (0.25) (32.2) (20)
=
= 20.3 ft !
k g cos 30 + g sin 30
( 0.25) (32.2) (0.866 + 32.2 (0.5))
T1 + V1 2 = T2
(a) Use work and energy from A to B.
T1 =
1
1 50
2
mv12 =
(40) = 1242.24 ft lb
2
2 32.2
(Stops at top)
T2 = 0
U1 2 = Nx mg x sin 20
N is needed
Fy = 0
N = W cos 20 = (50 lb) cos 20 = 46.985 lb
So
U1 2 = 0.15(46.985) x 50sin 20 x
= 24.149 x
Substitute
1242.24 24.149 x = 0
x = 51.44 ft
(b) Package returns to A use work and energy from B to A

T2 + U 2 3 = T3
Where
T2 = 0 (At B)
U 2 3 = W sin 20 x k Nx
= (50) sin 20 (51.44) 0.15(46.985) (51.44)
= 517.13 ft lb
x = 51.4 ft !
T3 =
1
1 50 2
2
mv32 =
v3 = 0.7764 v3
2
2 32.2
Substitute
0 + 517.13 = 0.7764 v32
v3 = 25.81 ft/s
v3 = 25.8 ft/s
20 !
(c) Energy dissipated is equal to change of kinetic energy

T1 T3 =
1
1
m v12 m v22
2
2
1 50
2
2
(40 25.81 )
2 32.2
= 725 ft lb
Energy dissipated = 725 ft lb !
Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81)

W = 19, 620 N
Initial Velocity A,
v A = 0 m/s
Incline Angle,
= 6
Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 20 m from B to C

vC = 0
Find; speed of automobile at point B, vB

Coefficient of static friction,
(a)
U A B = WhA B (19620 N) (150 m)sin 6

= 307.63 103 N m
U A B = TB TA =
307.63 103 N m =
1 2
mv 0
2
1
(2000 kg) vB2 0
2
vB = 17.54 m/s !
(b)
U A C = WhA C Fd B C = TC TA = 0
d B C = 20 m
F=N
Where = coefficient of static friction

U AC = (19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) F (20 m)
F = (19620 N) cos 6
(19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) (19620 N) (cos 6) (20 m) = 0
170
tan 6 = 0.893
20
= 0.893 !
Given: Automobile weight,
W = (2000) (9.81) = 19620 N

Initial velocity at A, v A = 0 m/s
Incline Angle,
= 6
Vehicle costs 150 m from A to B

Vehicle skids 20 m from B to C
Dynamic friction coefficient,
= 0.75
Find: Work done on automobile by air resistance and rolling resistance between points A and C.
U AC = U R + WhAC F (20 m) = TC TA = 0
F = N = 0.75 (19620 N) cos 6
UR = Resistance work
= 0.75 (19620 N) cos 6 (20 m) (19620 N)sin 6 (170 m)
U R = 56.0 103 N m
or 56.0 103 J !
FN = N 90cos 20 P sin 50 = 0
N = 90 cos 20 + P sin 50
U1 2 = [ P cos 50 90sin 20 0.35 N](3 ft)

T2 =
1 90 lb
2
(2 ft/s)
2 32.2 ft/s 2
( P cos 50) 3 (90sin 20) (3) 0.35 (90cos 20 + P sin 50)3 = T2

P (3 cos 50 0.35(3) sin 50) = 90sin 20 (3) + 0.35 (90cos 20) (3) +
P=
1 90 2
(2)
2 32.2
186.736
= 166.1 lb !
1.12402
U1 2 = (5.5 3) (50) = 125 lb ft = T2
(a) First stage:
T2 =
1 3 2
v2
2 32.2
v2 = 51.8 ft/s !
U 2 3 = 3(h 50) = 0 125
(b) At the top:

h =
(c) At the return:
275
,
3
U 3 4 = + 3(91.6667) = T4 =
h = 91.7 ft !
1 3 2
v4
2 32.2
v4 = 76.8 ft/s !
Given: Block A is released from rest and moves up incline 0.6 m.
Friction and other masses are neglected

Find: Velocity of the block after 0.6 m, v
From the Law of Cosines
d 2 = (1.2) 2 + (0.6)2 2(1.2) (0.6) cos 15
d 2 = 0.4091 m 2
d = 0.63958 m
U C = WC (Distance pulley C lowered)
WA = 7(9.81) = 68.67 N
= 140 N (1.2 0.63958) m = 39.229 N m

2
U A = 68.67 N (sin15) (0.6 m) = 10.6639 N m

U = T2 T1 = U C U A
1
mA v 2 0 = U C U A
2
1
(7 kg) v 2 = (39.229 10.6639) N m
2
v 2 = 8.1615
v = 2.857 m/s
v = 2.86 m/s
15 !
Given: Block A is released at the position shown at a velocity of

1.5 m/s up.
After moving 0.6 m the velocity is 3 m/s.

Find: work done by friction force on the block, Vf J
From the Law of Cosines
d 2 = (1.2) 2 + (0.6)2 2(1.2) (0.6) (cos 15)
d 2 = 0.4091m 2
d = 0.63958m
WA = 7(9.81) = 68.67 N
UC = 140 N (1.2 0.63958) m = 39.229 N m

1
2
U A = 68.67 N (sin15) (0.6 m) = 10.664 N m

U C + U A U friction = T2 T1 =
1
mA [v22 v12 ]
2
39.229 10.664 U friction =
1
(7 kg)[(3)2 (1.5) 2 ] m 2
2
U friction = 39.229 + 10.664 + 23.625

= 4.94 J
U friction = 4.94 J !
v = v0
Given: At A,
For AB,
k = 0.40
At B,
v = 2 m/s
Find: v0
TA =
1 2
mv0
2
TB =
1 2
1
2
mvB = m ( 2 m/s )
2
2
TB = 2 m
U A B = (W sin15 k N ) ( 6 m )
F = 0
N Wcos15 = 0
N = W cos15
U A B = W ( sin15 0.40cos15 )( 6 m )
U A B = ( 0.76531) W = 0.76531 mg
TA + U A B = TB
1 2
mv0 0.76531 mg = 2 m
2
v02 = ( 2) 2 + ( 0.76531) 9.81 m/s 2
))
v02 = 19.0154
v0 = 4.36 m/s !
Given: At A,
v = v0
At B,
v=0
k = 0.40
For AB,
Find: v0
TA =
1 2
mv0
2
TB = 0
U A B = (Wsin15 k N ) ( 6 m )
F = 0
N W cos15 = 0
N = W cos15
U A B = W ( sin15 0.40cos15 )( 6 m )
U A B = ( 0.76531) W = 0.76531 mg
TA + U A B = TB
1 2
mv0 0.76531 mg = 0
2
v02 = ( 2 )( 0.76531) 9.81 m/s 2
v02 = 15.015
v0 = 3.87 m/s !
Down to the left.
Car C
Fy 0 NC M C g = 0 NC = (35 103 kg) (9.81 m/s 2 ) = 343.35 103 N
FC = (0.35) (343.35 103 ) = 120.173 103 N
So,
Car B
Fy = 0 N B M B g = 0 N B = (45 103 kg) (9.81m/s 2 ) = 441.45 103 N
FB = 0.35(441.45 103 ) = 154.508 103 N
So,
Also,
v1 = (54 km/h) (1h/3600s) (1000 m/km) = 15 m/s

(a) Work and energy for the train
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
(35 103 + 45 103 + 35 103 ) (15)2 (120.173 103 + 154.508 103 ) x = 0
2
x = 47.10 m
x = 47.1 m !
(b) Force in each coupling
Car A
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
2
35 103 (15) FAB ( 47.10) = 0
2
FAB = 83.599 103 N
FAB = 83.6 kN !
Tension
Car C
T1 + U1 x = T2
1
2
35 103 (15) + FBC 120.173 103 ( 47.10) = 0
2
Solve for FBC

FBC = 36.6 103 N
FBC = 36.6 kN !
Tension
Fy = 0 N A M A g = 0
Car A
NA = 35 103 ( 9.81) = 343.35 103 N

so,
FA = ( 0.35) 343.35 103 = 120.173 103 N

v1 = ( 54 km/h ) = 15 m/s
(a)
Work - energy for the entire train

T1 + U1 2 = T2
) (
) (
1
2
35 103 + 45 103 + 35 103 (15 ) 120.173 103 x = 0
2
x = 107.66 m
x = 107.7 m !
(b)
Force in each coupling

Car A
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
2
35 103 (15) FAB + 120.173 103
2
) (107.66) = 0
FAB = 83.60 103 N

FAB = 83.6 kN !
Compression
Car C
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
2
35 103 (15) + FBC (107.66) = 0
2
FBC = 36.57 103 N
FBC = 36.6 kN !
Compression
Car B:
Given: Car B towing car A uphill at A constant speed of 30 ft/s

Car B skids to a stop. k = 0.9
Car A strikes rear of car B.
Find: Speed of car A before collision, vA
Let d = Distance traveled by car B after braking.
U1 2 = T2 T1
1
m vB2 = ( mg sin 5 F ) d
2
1
2
m ( 30)
2
d =
mg sin 5+ 0.9 mg cos 5
d =
450
450
=
32.2 ( sin 5+ 0.9 cos 5) ( 32.2)( 0.9837 )
d = 14.206 ft traveled by B
Car A:
For car A, travel to contact

U1 C = TA T1 =
1
1
mv A2 mv12
2
2
( mg sin 5)( d + 15) =
1
1
2
mv A2 m ( 30 )
2
2
1 2
v A 450 = ( 32.2sin 5 )(14.206 + 15)
2
1 2
v A = 368.036
2
v A = 27.13
v A = 27.1 ft/s !
Given: Car B tows car A at 30 ft/s uphill.

Car A brakes for 4 wheels skid k = 0.8
Car B continues in same gear and throttle setting.
Find: (a) distance, d, traveled to stop
(b) tension in cable
(a) F1 = Traction force (from equilibrium)
F1 = ( 3000 ) sin 5 + ( 2500 ) sin 5
NB = 2500 cos 5
NA = 3000 cos 5
F = 0.8 NA
= 5500sin 5
For system A + B
U1 2 = ( F1 3000 sin 5 2500sin 5) F d
T2 T1 = 0
Since
1
1 5500
2
mA + B v2 =
( 30)
2
2 32.2
( F1 3000 sin 5 2500 sin 5) = 0

Fd = 0.8 ( 3000 cos 5) d = 76863 ft lb
d = 32.1 ft !
(b) cable tension, T

U1 2 = (T 0.8 N A WA sin 5 )( 32.149 ) = T2 T1
(T 0.8 ( 3000 )( cos 5) 3000 sin 5) ( 32.149 ) =

(T
3000 ( 30 )
2 ( 32.2 )
2652.3) = 1304
= 1348 lb
T = 1348 lb !
Given: Blocks A, B released from rest and friction and masses of pulleys
neglected.
Find: (a) Velocity of block A, vA, after moving down dA = 1.5 ft.
(b) The tension in the cable.
vB =
1
vA
3
dB =
1
dA
3
v A + 3 vB = 0
(a) constraint
Also,
U1 2 = WA ( sin 30) d A WB ( sin 30) d B

1.5
= 20 ( sin 30 )(1.5 ) 16 ( sin 30 )
= 11 ft lb
T1 = 0, T2 =
=
1
2
1
1
m A v A2 + mB vB2
2
2
2
20 2 1 16 v A
2
vA +
= 0.33816 v A
32.2
2
32.2
3
U1 2 = T2 T1 ; 11 = 0.33816 v A2
v A = 5.703
v A = 5.70 ft/s
30 !
(b) For A alone

U1 2 = WA ( sin 30) d A T ( d A ) =
20 ( 0.5 )(1.5 ) T (1.5) =
1
2
1
2
mA ( v A )
2
2
20
( 5.703) = 10.102
32.2
T = 3.265 ft lb
T = 3.27 ft lb !
Given: System at rest when 500 N force is applied to collar A. No

friction. Ignore pulleys mass.
Find: (a) Velocity, v A of A just before it hits C.
(b) v A If counter weight B is replaced by a 98.1 N
downward force.
Kinematics
X B = 2X A
vB = 2v A
(a) Blocks A and B
T1 = 0
T2 =
T2 =
1
1
mBvB2 + mAv A2
2
2
( )
1
1
(10 kg )( 2vA )2 + ( 20 kg ) vA2
2
2
T2 = ( 30 kg )( v A )
U1 2 = ( 500 ) X A + (WA )( X A ) (WB )( X B )
U1 2 = ( 500 N )( 0.6 m ) + 20 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.6 m )
10 kg 9.81 m/s 2 (1.2 m )
U1 2 = 300 + 117.72 117.72 = 300 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2
0 + 300 J = ( 30 kg ) v A2
v A2 = 10
v A = 3.16 m/s !
(b) Since the 10 kg mass at B is replaced by a 98.1 N force, kinetic
energy at 2 is,
T2 =
1
1
mAv A2 = ( 20 kg ) v A2
2
2
T1 = 0
The work done is the same as in part (a)

U1 2 = 300 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2
0 + 300 J = (10 kg ) v A2
v A2 = 30
v A = 5.48 m/s !
Given: System at rest when 500 N force is applied to collar A. No

friction. Ignore pulleys mass.
Find: (a) Velocity, v A of A just before it hits C.
(b) v A If counter weight B is replaced by a 98.1 N
downward force.
Kinematics
X B = 2X A
vB = 2v A
(a) Blocks A and B
T1 = 0
T2 =
T2 =
1
1
mBvB2 + mAv A2
2
2
( )
1
1
(10 kg )( 2vA )2 + ( 20 kg ) vA2
2
2
T2 = ( 30 kg )( v A )
U1 2 = ( 500 ) X A + (WA )( X A ) (WB )( X B )
U1 2 = ( 500 N )( 0.6 m ) + 20 kg 9.81 m/s2 ( 0.6 m )
10 kg 9.81 m/s 2 (1.2 m )

U1 2 = 300 + 117.72 117.72 = 300 J
PROBLEM 13.21 CONTINUED

T1 + U1 2 = T2
0 + 300 J = ( 30 kg ) v A2
v A2 = 10
v A = 3.16 m/s !
(b) Since the 10 kg mass at B is replaced by a 98.1 N force, kinetic
energy at 2 is,
T2 =
1
1
mAv A2 = ( 20 kg ) v A2
2
2
T1 = 0
The work done is the same as in part (a)

U1 2 = 300 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2
0 + 300 J = (10 kg ) v A2
v A2 = 30
v A = 5.48 m/s !
mA = 10 kg; mB = 4 kg; h = 0.5 m
Given:
System released from rest.

Block A hits the ground without rebound.
Block B reaches a height of 1.18 m.
Find: (a) v A just before block A hits the ground.
(b) Energy, EP , dissipated by the pulley friction.
(a) vB at 2 = v A at 2 just before impact.
from 2 to 3; Block B
T3 = 0
1
1
mBvB2 = ( 4 ) vB2 = 2vB2
2
2
T2 =
Tension in the cord is zero, thus
U 2 3 = ( 4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.18 m ) = 7.0632 J

T2 + U 2 3 = T3;
2vB2 = 7.0632;
vB2 = v A2 = 3.5316
vB2 = 3.5316
vB = v A = 1.8793
v A = 1.879 m/s !
(b) From 1 to 2 Blocks A and B,

T1 = 0
T2 =
v2 = vB = v A = 1.793 m/s
Just before impact

T2 =
1
( mA + mB ) v22
2
1
(10 + 4 )(1.8793)2 = 24.722 J
2
U1 2 = WA ( 0.5 ) WB ( 0.5 ) EP ;
EP = Energy dissipated by pulley
U1 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 (10 4 ) kg ( 0.5 m ) EP = 29.43 EP
T1 + U1 2 = T2 ;
0 + 29.43 EP = 24.722
EP = 4.708
EP = 4.71 J !
mA = 8 kg;
Given:
mB = 10 kg;
mC = 6 kg

Collar C removed after blocks move 1.8 m.
Find: v A , just before it strikes the ground.
Position 1 to position 2
v1 = 0
T1 = 0
At 2, before C is removed from the system

T2 =
1
( mA + mB + mC ) v22
2
T2 =
1
( 24 kg ) v22 = 12v22
2
U1 2 = ( mA + mC mB ) g (1.8 m )
U1 2 = ( 8 + 6 10 ) g (1.8 m ) = 70.632 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2 ;
0 + 70.632 = 12v22
v22 = 5.886
1
18
T2 = ( mA + mB ) v22 =
( 5.886 ) = 52.974
2
2
T3 =
1
( mA + mB ) v32 = 9v32
2
U 2 3 = ( m A mB ) g ( 2 0.6 ) = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 (1.4 m )

U 2 3 = 27.468 J
T2 + U 2 3 = T3 = 52.974 27.468 = 9v32
v32 = 2.834
v3 = 1.68345
v A = 1.683 m/s !
m A = 8 kg;
Given:
mB = 10 kg;
mC = 6 kg

Collar C removed after blocks move 1.8 m.
Find: v A , just before it strikes the ground.
v1 = 0
T1 = 0
At 2, before C is removed from the system

T2 =
1
( mA + mB + mC ) v22
2
T2 =
1
( 24 kg ) v22 = 12v22
2
U1 2 = ( mA + mC mB ) g (1.8 m )
U1 2 = (8 + 6 10 ) g (1.8 m ) = 70.632 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2 ;
0 + 70.632 = 12v22
v22 = 5.886
T2 =
1
18
( mA + mB ) v22 = ( 5.886 ) = 52.974
2
2
T3 =
1
( mA + mB ) v32 = 9v32
2
U 2 3 = ( m A mB ) g ( 2 0.6 ) = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 (1.4 m )

U 2 3 = 27.468 J
T2 + U 2 3 = T3 = 52.974 27.468 = 9v32
v32 = 2.834
v3 = 1.68345
v A = 1.683 m/s !
Given: Conveyor is disengaged, packages held by friction and system is released from rest. Neglect mass of
belt and rollers. Package 1 leaves the belt as package 4 comes onto the belt.
Find: (a) Velocity of package 2 as it leaves the belt at A.
(b) Velocity of package 3 as it leaves the belt at A.
(a) Package 1 falls off the belt, and 2, 3, 4 move down.
2.4
= 0.8 m
3
T2 = 3 mv22
2
T2 =
3
( 3 kg ) v22
2
T2 = 4.5v22
U1 2 = ( 3)(W )( 0.8 ) = ( 3)( 3 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.8 )
U1 2 = 70.632 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2
0 + 70.632 = 4.5v22
v22 = 15.696
v2 = 3.9618
v2 = 3.96 m/s !
T1 + U1 2 = T2 (1)
Work and energy

Where
T1 = 0; T2 = 0
Outer spring
V1 2 =
Work
1
1
N
2
k1 x 2 = 3000 (1.5 m )
2
2
m
= 33.75 J
Inner spring
U1 2 =
1
1
N
2
k2 x 2 = 10, 000 ( 0.06 m )
2
2
m
= 18 J
Gravity
U1 2 = mg ( h + 0.15)
= (8)( 9.81)( h + 0.15) = 78.48 h + 11.722
Total work
U1 2 = 33.75 18 + 78.48 h + 11.772

= 39.978 + 78.48 h
Substituting into (1)

0 39.978 + 78.48 h = 0
h = 0.5094 m
h = 509 mm !
Work and energy

x > 0.09 m
Assume
T1 + U1 2 = T2
(1)
T1 = 0; T2 = 0
Where
Work
Outer spring
U1 21 =
Inner spring
U1 22 =
1
1
k1 x 2 = ( 3000 ) x 2 = 1500 x 2
2
2
1
2
2
k2 ( x 0.09) = 5000 ( x 0.09)
2
U1 2 = mg ( x + 0.6)
Gravity
= ( 8 )( 9.81)( x + 0.6 ) = 78.48x + 47.09

Total work
2
U1 2 = 1500 x 2 5000 ( x 0.09 ) + 78.48 x + 47.09

Substitute into (1)
6500 x 2 + 978.48 x + 6.588 = 0
Solve
x = 0.1570 m
or
0.00646
Reject negative solution
x = 157.0 mm !
Given: A 0.7 lb block rests on a 0.5 lb block which is not attached to a

spring of constant 9 lb/ft; upper block is suddenly removed.
Find: (a) vmax of 0.5 lb block
(b) maximum height reached by the 0.5 lb block
(a)
At the initial position (1), the force in the spring equals the weight of both
blocks, i.e., 1.2 lb.
Thus at a distance x, the force in the spring is,
Fs = 1.2 kx
Fs = 1.2 9 x
Max velocity of the 0.5 lb block occurs while the spring is still in contact
with the block.
T1 = 0
T2 =
1 2 1 0.5 2 0.25 2
mv =
v
v =
g
2
2 g
U1 2 = 0 (1.2 9 x ) dx 0.5x = 0.7 x

x
T1 + U1 2 = T2 = 0.7 x
9 2
x
2
9 2 0.25 2
x =
v
g
2
v 2 = 4 g 0.7 x x 2
2
Vmax when
dv
= 0 = 0.7 9 x x = 0.077778 ft
dx
9
2
2
vmax
= 4 g 0.7 ( 0.077778 ) ( 0.077778 )
2
2
vmax
= 3.5063
vmax = 1.87249
vmax = 1.872 ft/s !
(b)
x0 = Initial compression
x0 =
1.2 lb
= 0.133333 ft
9 lb/ft
Fs = 1.2 9 x
T1 = 0, T3 = 0
x
U1 3 = 0 0 Fs dx 0.5h
U1 3 = 0 0 (1.2 9 x ) dx 0.5h
x
= 1.2 x0
9 2
x0 0.5h
2
= 1.2 ( 0.133333)
9
( 0.133333)2 0.5h
2
= 0.08 0.5h
T1 + U1 3 = T3 : 0 + ( 0.08 0.5h ) = 0
h = 0.16 ft
h = 1.920 in. !
vmax = 1.872 ft/s !
(a) Same as 13.25 solution for Part (a)
(b) With 0.5 lb block attached to the spring, refer to figure in (b) of Problem 13.27.
T1 = 0
T3 = 0
U1 3 = 0 (1.2 9 x ) dx 0.5h
h
Since the spring remains attached to the 0.5 lb block,

the integration must be carried out for the total distance, h.
T1 + U1 3 = T3
0 + 0.7h
9 2
h =0
2
2
h=
( 0.7 lb ) = 0.155556 ft
9 lb/ft
h = 1.86667 in.
h = 1.867 in. !
Position 1, initial condition

Position 2, spring deflected 5 inches
Position 3, initial contact of spring with collar
2
18 + 5 1
5
18 + 5
U1 2 = F
( 60 ) + 7.5
sin 30
12
2
12

12
(Friction)
(Spring)
(Gravity)
T1 = T2 = 0, U1 2 = 0
2
23 1
5
23
0 = ( 7.5) ( 0.866) ( 60) + 7.5 ( 0.5)
12 2
12
12
= 0.1590 !
(a)
(b)
Max speed occurs just before contact with the spring

1 7.5 2
18
18
U1 3 = ( 7.5) ( 0.866) + 7.5 ( 0.5) = T3 =
vmax
12
12
2 32.2
vmax = 5.92 ft/s !

(a) W = Weight of the block = 10 ( 9.81) = 98.1 N
xB =
1
xA
2
1
1
2
2
k A ( x A ) k B ( xB )
2
2
(Gravity) (Spring A) (Spring B)
U1 2 = W ( x A )
U1 2 = ( 98.1 N )( 0.05 m )
1
( 2000 N/m )( 0.05 m )2
2
1
( 2000 N/m ) ( 0.025 m )2
2
U1 2 =
1
1
( m) v 2 = (10 kg ) v2
2
2
4.905 2.5 0.625 =
1
(10) v2
2
v = 0.597 m/s !
(b) Let x = Distance moved down by the 10 kg block

U1 2 = W ( x )
1
1 x
1
2
k A ( x ) kB = ( m) v 2
2
2 2
2
d 1
k
( m) v2 = 0 = W k A ( x ) B ( 2 x)
dx 2
8
0 = 98.1 2000 ( x )
2000
( 2 x ) = 98.1 ( 2000 + 250) x
8
x = 0.0436 m ( 43.6 mm )
For x = 0.0436, U = 4.2772 1.9010 0.4752 =
1
(10) v 2
2
vmax = 0.6166 m/s

vmax = 0.617 m/s !
(a) W = Weight of the block = (10)(9.81) = 98.1 N

xB =
1
xA
2
Block moves down at release after spring A is stretched 25 mm

U1 2 = W ( x A ) +
1
1
k A ( x A ) 2 k B ( xB ) 2
2
2
(Gravity) (Spring A) (Spring B)

1
U1 2 = (98.1 N)(0.025 m) + (2000 N/m)(0.025 m)2
2
1
(2000 N/m)(0.0125 m) 2
2
1
1
= (m)v 2 = (10 kg)v 2
2
2
1
U1 2 = 2.4525 + 0.625 0.15625 = (10)v 2
2
v = 0.764 m/s
v = 0.764 m/s !
(b) Let x = Distance moved down by the 10 kg block
(for x > 25 mm)
U1 2 = Wx +
1
1
k A (0.025) k A ( x 0.025) 2
2
2
2
1 x
1
k B = ( M )v 2
2 2
2
U1 2 = 98.1x +
=
1
1
1
x
(2000)(0.025) 2 (2000)( x 0.025)2 (2000)
2
2
2
2
1
(10)v 2
2
0=
d 1
x
(10)v 2 = 98.1 2000( x 0.025) 2000
dx 2
4
= 98.1 2000 x + 50 500 x
x=
148.1
= 0.05924 m ( = 59.24 mm)
2500
For x = 0.05924 m
U1 2 = 98.1(0.05924) + 0.625 1000(0.03424) 2 0.87734
5.8114 + 0.625 1.1724 0.87734 =
1
(10)v 2
2
vmax = 0.937 m/s

vmax = 0.937 m/s !
(a)
Assume auto stops in 1.5 < d < 4 m.

v1 = 27.778 m/s
T1 =
1 2 1
2
mv1 = (1000 kg )( 27.778 m/s )
2
2
= 385809 J = 385.81 kJ
T2 = 0
v2 = 0
U1 2 = (80 kN )(1.5 m ) + (120 kN )( d 1.5 ) = 120 + 120d 180 = 120d 60

T1 + U1 2 = T2
385.81 = 120d 60
d = 3.715 m
d = 3.72 m !
Assumption that d < 4 m is O.K.

(b) Maximum deceleration occurs when F is largest.
For
d = 3.3401 m, F = 120 kN,
thus
F = maD
(120,000 N ) = (1000 kg )( aD )
aD = 120 m/s 2
aD = 120.0 m/s 2 !
Pressures vary inversely as the volume
PL
Aa
=
P
Ax
PL =
PR
Aa
=
P
A ( 2a x )
v=0
Initially at 1
PR =
x=
Pa
x
Pa
( 2a x )
a
2
T1 = 0
x = a, T2 =
At 2,
1 2
mv
2
1
a
a
1
u1 2 = a ( PL PR ) Adx = a PaA
dx
2
2
x 2a x
a
u1 2 = paA ln x + ln ( 2a x ) a
a
3a
u1 2 = paA ln a + ln a ln ln
2
2
3a 2
4
u1 2 = paA ln a 2 ln
= paA ln
4
3
T1 + U1 2 = T2
4 1
0 + paA ln = mv 2
3 2
4
2 paA ln
3 = 0.5754 paA
v2 =
m
m
v = 0.759
paA
!
m
F =
GM E m
( h + R)2
GM E m / R 2
( Rh + 1)
GM E m
= mg 0
R2
At earths surface ( h = 0 )
GM E
GM E
= g0
R2
gh =
Thus
= mg h
g0
h
R
R2
gh =
+1
( Rh + 1)
R = 6370 km
F = mg h = WT
At altitude h, true weight
W0 = mg 0
Assume weight
Error = E =
gh =
g0
( Rh + 1)
W0 WT
mg0 mg h
g gh
=
= 0
W0
mg0
g0
g0
E =
g0
1+ Rh
g0
1
= 1
1 + Rh
1
(a) h = 1 km: P = 100E = 100 1
1
1 + 6370
P = 0.0314% !
1
(b) h = 1000 km: P = 100E = 100 1
1 + 1000
6370
P = 25.3% !
Newtons law of gravitation

T1 =
1 2
mv0
2
R + hn
T2 =
( Fn ) dr
u1 2 = R m
m
1 2
mv
2
Fn =
R + hn
u1 2 = mg m R 2 m R m
m
mg m R 2 m
r2
dr
r2
u1 2 = mg m R 2 m
Rm Rm + hn
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1 2
Rm 1 2
mv0 + mg m Rm
= mv
2
Rm + hn 2
hn
(v
=
v2
Rm
2
2
2 gm
( v0 v )
R 2 gm
m
2
0
(1)
Uniform gravitational field

T1 =
R + hn
u1 2 = R m
m
1 2
mv0
2
( Fu ) dr
T2 = mv 2
= mg m ( Rm + hu Rm ) = mghu
1 2
1
mv0 mg m hu = mv 2
2
2
T1 + u1 2 = T2
hu
(v
=
2
0
v2
(2)
2gm
Divide (1) by (2)
hn
=
hu
( v02 v2 )
1 (2g R )
m m
R = (3960 mi)(5280 ft/mi) = 20.9088 106 ft

U1 2 = T2 T1 =
GMm GMm
r2
r1
Since r1 is very large,

GMm
0
r1
thus
T1 0
1 2 GMm v 2
R2
mv =
,
= g
2
r2
2
r2
)(
2 32.2 ft/s2 20.9088 106 ft

2gR 2
2
v =
=
r2
r2
(a) For
r2 = 20.9088 106 ft + ((620 mi)(5280 ft/mi))

= 24.1824 106 ft
v = 34,121 ft/s
(b) For
v = 6.46 mi/s !
r2 = 20.9088 106 ft + ((30 mi)(5280 ft/mi))

= 21.0672 106 ft
v = 36,557 ft/s
(c) For
v = 6.92 mi/s !
r2 = 20.9088 106 ft/s

v = 36, 695 ft/s
v = 6.95 mi/s !
r0 = 620 mi + 3960 mi = 4580 mi = 24,182, 400 ft

rB = 3960 mi + 5200 mi = 9160 mi = 48,364,800 ft
y = Kx 2
Parabola:
24,182,400 ft = K ( 48,364,800 ft )
r0 = KrB2
At B:
K = 10.3381 109 ft 1
At A:
x A = rA ( sin 45 ) , y A = Kx A2 = r0 rA ( cos 45 )
r0 rA ( cos 45 ) = KrA2 ( sin 45 )
Kx A2 + x A r0 = 0
v0 = (6.5)(5280) = 34,320 ft/s
xA =
1
1 + 1 + 4 Kr0
2K
x A = 20.0334 106 ft, rA =14.1657 106 ft.

(a)
U0 A =
GMm GMm
1
1
= mv A2 mv02
rA
r0
2
2
GM = 32.2 20.9088 106
) ,v
2
2
A
1
1
= v02 + 2GM
rA r0
1
1
2
v A2 = ( 34320 ) + 2GM
6
6
24.1824 10
14.1657 10
v A = 44734 ft/s
(b)
v A = 8.47 mi/s !
1
1
vB2 = v02 + 2GM
rB r0
1
1
2
vB2 = ( 34320 ) + 2GM
6
6
28.1824 10
48.3648 10
vB = 24408 ft/s
vB = 4.62 mi/s !
(a)
g = 1.62 m/s 2
Use work and energy T1 + U1 2 = T2
T1 =
where
(1)
1 2 1
mv1 = m(600)2 = 180,000 m
2
2
T2 = 0 (maximum elevation)
U1 2 = mgh
= m (1.62) h = 1.62 mh
180,000 m 1.62 mh = 0

h = 111.11 103 m
h = 111.1 km !
(b) F =
W =
GMm
R2
so T1 = 180, 000 m (same as above)
GMm
= mg GM = gR 2
R2
At some elevation r
F=
GMm
r2
so,
U1 2 =
R+h
R
1
= GMm
r
r2
R
GMm
dr
r2
1
1
= gR 2m
r2 R
1
= (1.62)(1.740 106 )2 m
6
r2 1.740 10

1
1
180,000 m + 4.9047 1012 m
=0
6
r2 1.74 10
Solve for r2
r2 = 1.8587 106 m
= 1858.7 km
so,
h = r2 R = 1858.7 1740
= 118.7 km
h = 118.7 km !
Assume the blocks move as one:
T2 T1 = U1 2
1
1
(mA + mB )v 2 = kx 2 U1 2 friction
2
2
1
1
(3 kg)v 2 = (180 N/m)(0.1 m) 2 (3)(9.81)(0.1)(0.1 m)
2
2
v 2 = 0.4038
v = 0.63545 m/s
Check assumption at release,
18 N > s (3)(9.81) = 4.41 N
Slips at the horizontal surface

At release
Fs = 18 N
Fx = max
a = 5.02 m/s 2
18 2.94 = 3 a
For A alone:
Fx = max
18 F f = (1.5)(5.02)
F f = 10.47 N
F f = 18 7.53 = 10.47 N < s (1.5)(9.81) = (0.95)(14.175) = 13.98 N
A and B move as one, thus (a)

(b)
v = 0.635 m/s !
vmax is max at a = 0,
Fs = F f = 0 = 180 x 2.943,
x = 0.01635 m
1
1
2
= k ( x02 x 2 ) F f ( x0 x)
(mA + mB ) vmax
2
2
1
1
2
(3)vmax
= (180)[(0.1)2 (0.01635)2 ] 2.943(0.1 0.01635)
2
2
vmax = 0.648 m/s !
From problem 13.39 assuming the blocks move together,

a = 5.02 m/s 2 at release.
WA = WB = (1.5 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 ) = 14.715 N
F f = 18 7.53 = 10.47 N < s (1.5)(9.81) = 0.35(14.715) = 5.15 N
Block A slides on Block B

A alone:
0
1
1
(mA )v 2 = kx U1 2 friction
T2 T1 = U1 2 ,
(a)
2
1
1
(1.5)(v 2 = (180 N/m)(0.1 m 2 ) 14.175(0.3)(0.1 m)
2
2
v 2 = 0.6114
(b)
v = 0.782 m/s !
v = vmax at acceleration = 0,
Fs F f = 0 = kx kWA
180 x = (0.30)(14.715) = 4.4145,
01
T2 T1 =
x = 0.0245 m
k ( x02 x 2 ) WAk ( x0 x)
1
2
(1.5)vmax
= 0.84598 0.33329 = 0.51268
2
vmax = 0.827 m/s !
T1 =
1 2
mv0
2
T2 =
1 2
mv
2
U1 2 = mgl
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1 2
1
mv0 mgl = mv 2
2
2
v02 = v 2 + 2 gl
Newtons law at 2
(a) For minimum v, tension in the cord must be zero.
Thus
v 2 = gl
v02 = v 2 + 2 gl = 3gl
v0 =
3gl !
(b) Force in the rod can support the weight so that v can be zero.
Thus
v02 = 0 + 2 gl
v0 =
2 gl !
T1 =
1 2 1
2
mv0 = m (16 ) = 128 m
2
2
T2 =
1 2
mv
2
U1 2 = mg ( 6sin )
T1 + U1 2 = T2 : 128m + 6mg sin =
1 2
mv
2
256 + 12 g sin = v 2
(a)
Newtons law
F = man : 2mg mg sin =
mv 2
6
g (12 6sin ) = 256 + 12 g sin
Using (a)
18 g sin = 12 g 256
sin =
12 ( 32.2 ) 256
= 0.22498
18 ( 32.2 )
= 13.00 !
Use work - energy : position 1 is bottom and position 2 is the top

T1 + U1 2 = T2
(1)
where,
T1 =
1 2
mv0
2
T2 =
1 2
mv2
2
U1 2 = mgh = mg (0.5)

1
1
mv02 (0.5) mg = mv22
2
2
so
v02 = v22 + g
(a)
Slender rod
v2 = 0 v0 =
(2)
g
v0 = 3.13 m/s !
(b) Cord, so the critical condition is tension = 0 at the top

Fn = ma mg =
mv22
v22 = g

v02 = g + g = 9.81(0.25 + 1)
= 12.2625
v0 = 3.502 m/s
v0 = 3.50 m/s !
Use work - energy : position 1 is at A, position 2 is at B.

T1 + U1 2 = T2
Where
(1)
T1 = 0; U1 2 = mg l sin ; T2 =
1 2
mvB
2
Substitute
0 + mg l sin =
1 2
mvB
2
vB2 = 2 g l sin
(2)
For T = 2 W use Newtons 2nd law.

Fn = man 2W W sin =
mvB2
l
(3)
Substitute (2) into (3)

2 mg mg sin = 2 mg
l sin
l
2 = 3sin
or sin =
2
= 41.81
3
= 41.8 !
vA = 0
TA = 0
TB =
1 2
1
mvB = ( 250 kg ) vB2 = 125vB2
2
2
W = (1250 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2
U A B = W ( 27 )(1 cos 40 )
U A B = 250 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 27 m )( 0.234 )

U A B = 15495 J
TA + U A B = TA
vB2 =
0 + 15495 = 125vB2
(15495 J )
(125 kg )
vB2 = 124.0 m 2 /s 2
Newtons Law at B
N W cos 40 =
N = 250 kg 9.81 m/s
mvB2
; vB2 = 124.0 m 2 /s 2
R
) ( cos 40)
( 250 kg ) (124.0 m 2/s2 )

27 m
N = 1879 1148 = 731 N
N = 731 N !
Normal force at B
N B = 731.0 N
See solution to Problem 13.45,

Newtons Law
From B to C (car moves in a straight line)
N B W cos 40 = 0
NB = 250 kg 9.81 m/s 2 cos 40 = 1878.7 N
At C and D (car in the curve at C)
At C
N C W cos =
W vC2
g R
v2
NC = 250 kg 9.81 m/s 2 cos + C
gR
At D
ND W = +
W vD2
g R
continued
v2
N D = ( 250 9.81) 1 + D
gR
vD > vC
Since
cos < 1, N D > NC
and
Work and energy from A to D

v A = 0, TA = 0
TD =
1 2
mvD = 125vD2
2
U A D = W ( 27 + 18 ) = ( 250 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 45 m ) = 110362.5
TA + U A D = TD
0 + 110362.5 = 125vD2
vD2 = 882.90
v2
882.90
N D = 250 g 1 + D = 250 ( 9.81) 1 +
= 5518.1 N
72 g
72 ( 9.81)
N min = N B = 731 N; N max = N D = 5520 N !
Kinematics:
a = constant, v = at ,
x = 110 =
1
2
a ( 5.4 ) ,
2
x=
1 2
at
2
a = 7.5446 ft/s 2
150 lb
F = constant = ma =
7.5446 ft/s 2 = 35.1456 lb
2
32.2
ft/s
v = 7.5446 t
150
2
Power = Fv = mav =
7.5446) t
(
32.2
Average power =
1
5.4
5.4
0
Fv dt =
(150 / 32.2 )( 7.5446 )2 ( 5.4 )2

5.4
Average power = 715.93 ft lb/s

Average power = 1.302 hp !
tan =
3
100
= 1.718
W = WB + WW = ( 7 + 60 ) kg 9.81 m/s 2
W = 657.3 N
PW = W v = (W sin )( v )
PW = ( 657.3)( sin1.718 )( 2 )
PW = 39.41 W
PW = 39.4 W !
W = WB + Wm = ( 9 + 90 ) kg 9.81 m/s 2
W = 971.2 N
Brake must dissipate the power generated by the bike and the man going
down the slope at 6 m/s.
PB = W v = (W sin )( v )
PB = ( 971.2 )( sin1.718 )( 6 ) = 174.701
PB = 174.7 W !
( ) A = ( F )( vA ) = (WA + WL )( vA ) = ( 2800 + 650 ) vA
(a) Pp
v A = s/t =
6.5 ft
= 0.40625 ft/s
16 s
( Pp ) A = ( 3450 lb )( 0.40625 ft/s ) = 1401.56 lb ft/s

( ) A = 2.548 hp
1 hp = 550 ft lb/s, Pp
( Pp ) A = 2.55 hp !
(b)
( PE ) A
( Pp ) A
2.55
0.82
( PE ) A
= 3.11 hp !
(a)
Material is lifted to a height b at a rate, ( m kg/h ) g m/s 2 = mg ( N/h )

Thus,
mg ( N/h ) b ( m ) mgb
U
=
=
N m/s
t
( 3600 s/h )
3600
1000 N m/s = 1 kw
Thus, including motor efficiency,

P ( kw ) =
mgb ( N m/s )
1000 N m/s
( 3600 )
( )
kw
P ( kw ) = 0.278 106
mgb
W ( tons/h )( 2000 lb/ton ) b ( ft )

U
=
t
3600 s/h
(b)
With ,
Wb
ft lb/s; 1hp = 550 ft lb/s
1.8
1hp
1
Wb
hp =
( ft lb/s )

1.8
550 ft lb/s
hp =
1.010 103Wb
For constant power, P:

P = Fv = mav = m
dv
v
dt
Separate variables
t
dt
0
= 01
m dv
m v 2 v2
t = 1 0
2
P v
P 2
(1)
Distance
P = mv
dv dx
dv
= mv 2
dx dt
dx
Separate variables
m
m v3
v3
x
v1 2
1
0
0 dx = P v0 v dv x = P 3 3
(2)
with numbers
(a) v0 = 36 km/h = 10 m/s; v1 = 54 km/h = 15 m/s, so,
t=
x=
15 103 kg
2
2
15 m/s ) (10 m/s )
(
2 50 10 W
15 103
153 103 = 237.5 m
(3) 50 10
t = 18.75 s !
x = 238 m !
(b) v0 = 54 km/h = 15 m/s; v1 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s

t=
x=
15 103
202 152 = 26.25 s
( 2) 50 10
15 103
203 153 = 462.5 m
(3) 50 10
t = 26.2 s !
x = 462 m !
dv
(a) P = F v = m v = constant
dt
4.3
m 2.0 v dv = P 0 dt
( 4.3 m/s )2 ( 20 m/s )2
= 5 P, P = 86.94 W
60 kg
P = 86.9 W !
dv
(b) P = F v = mv v = constant
dx
4.3
m 2.0 v 2dv = P 0 dx
( 4.3)3 ( 2.0 )3
= 86.94 x
60
x = 16.45 m !
Motion is determined as a function of time as,

x = 12000 ln ( cosh 0.03t )
Velocity
Power dissipated
v=
1
dx
= 12000
( sinh 0.03 t )( 0.03)
dt
cosh 0.03 t
v=
360 sinh 0.03t

cosh 0.03t
P = Dv = 0.01v 2 v = 0.01v3
3
0.03t
0.03 t
e 0.03t
3 e
P = 0.01( 360 )
= 466.56 10 0.03t
+ e 0.03t
cosh 0.03 t
e
3 sinh
(a) t = 10 s,
P = 11534 ft lb/s
P = 21.0 hp !
(b) t = 15 s,
P = 35037 ft lb/s
P = 63.7 hp !
Motion is defined by the following function:

a = 11 e 0.0005 x = v
v
x 0.0005x
0 vdv = 11 0 e
dv
dx
dx =
11 0.0005x u
e du
0.0005 0
v2
= 22000 e0.0005 x 1
2
v 2 = 44000 1 e0.0005 x
v = 209.76 1 e 0.0005 x
1
2
Power dissipated P = Dv = 0.01v3

3
P = 92295 1 e 0.0005 x 2
(a) x = 600 ft ,
P = 12178 ft lb/s
P = 22.1 hp !
(b) x = 1200 ft,
P = 27971 ft lb/s
P = 50.9 hp !
System is in equilibrium in deflected x0 position.

Case (a) Force in both springs is the same = P
x0 = x1 + x2
x0 =
x1 =
Thus
P
k1
P
ke
x2 =
P
k2
P
P
P
=
+
ke
k1 k2
1
1
1
=
+
ke
k1 k2
ke =
k1k2
!
k1 + k2
Case (b) Deflection in both springs is the same = x0

P = k1x0 + k2 x0
P = ( k1 + k2 ) x0
P = ke x0
Equating the two expressions for
P = ( k1 + k2 ) x0 = ke x0
ke = k1 + k2 !
Use conservation of energy

Let position 1 be where A is compressed 0.1 m; position 2 when B is compressed a maximum distance
So
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
Where
(1)
T1 = 0; V1 =
1
1
2
k A x12 = (1600 N/m )( 0.1 m ) = 8 J
2
2
T2 = 0; V2 =
1
1
k B x22 = ( 2800 N/m ) x22 = 1400 x22
2
2

0 + 8 = 0 + 1400 x22 x2 = 0.07559 m
This answer is independent of mass

Distance traveled = 0.5 m 0.05 m + 0.07559 m = 0.526 m
The maximum velocity will occur when the mass is between the two springs
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
where
T1 = 0;
T2 =
V1 = 8 J ( same as before )
1 2
mvmax ;
2
V2 = 0

0+8=
1 2
16
2
mvmax + 0; vmax
=
2
m
For
m = 1 kg
2
vmax
= 16
For
m = 2.5 kg
2
vmax
=
16
= 6.4
2.5
(a)
vmax = 4 m/s !
(b)
vmax = 2.53 m/s !

l1 = 62 + 92 = 10.817 in.
l0 =
( 6 )2 + ( 8 )2
= 10 in. = 0.8333 ft
Stretch = 10.817 10 = 0.817 in.

S1 = 0.06805 ft
l2 =
( 7 )2 + ( 6 )2
= 9.215 in.
Stretch = 9.2195 10 = 0.7805 in.

S 2 = 0.06504 ft
T1 = 0, V2 = 0
T2 =
V1 =
1 2 1 4 2
mv2 =
v2
2
2 32.2
1
( 33,600 lb/ft ) S12 + S22
2
V1 = (16,800 )( 0.008861) = 148.86 ft lb

0
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
v22 = 2396.7
v2 = 49.0 ft/s !

k = 2800 lb/in. = 33, 600 lb/ft
T1 = 0
V1 =
1
1
2
1
k ( l1 ) = ( 33,600 )
2
2
12
= 116.667 ft lb
l1 = 62 + 92 = 10.817 in. = 0.9014 ft
S1 = Stretch = 10.817 10 = 0.817 in. = 0.06808 ft

l 2 = 62 + 7 2 = 9.2195 in.
S 2 = Stretch = 9.2195 9 = 0.2195 in. = 0.018295 ft

T2 =
1 2 1 4 2
2
mv2 =
v2 = 0.0621 v2
2
2 32.2
V2 =
1
( 33,600 ) S12 + S22
2
2
2
= 16800 ( 0.06808 ) + ( 0.018295 )
= 83.489 ft lb
T1 +0V1 = T2 + V2
116.667 = 0.06211 v22 + 83.489
v2 = 23.1 ft/s !
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
Use conservation of energy
(1)
(a) Position 1 is at A and position 2 is at B

T1 = 0;
V1 =
1 2
kx1
2
where
x1 = l l 0
l = 5002 + 4002 + 3502 2 = 729.726 mm
So l l 0 = 429.726 mm
V1 =
1
(1500 N/m )( 0.429726 m )2 = 13.8498 J
2
1
At B
l = 3502 + 4002 2 = 531.507 mm l l 0 = 231.507 mm
1 2 1
mv2 = ( 0.75 ) v22 = 0.375 v22
2
2
1
2
V2 = (150 )( 0.231507 ) = 4.01966 J
2
T2 =
0 + 13.8498 = 0.375 v22 + 4.01966

v2 = vB = 5.12 m/s !
(b) At E
T1 = 0; V1 = 13.8498 ( same as before )

1
At E
l = 3502 + 5002 2 = 610.328 mm l l 0 = 310.328 mm

1
T3 = mvE2 = 0.375 vE2
2
1
1
2
vE = kx 2 = (150 )( 0.310328 ) = 7.223 J
2
2

0 + 13.8498 = 0.375 vE2 + 7.223 vE = 4.20 m/s !
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
Conservation of energy
1
At A
So
l = 5002 + 4002 + 3502 2 = 729.726 mm l l 0 = 729.726 450 = 279.726 mm
TA = 0;
VA =
1 2 1
2
kx = (150 )( 0.279726 ) = 5.8685 J
2
2
1
At B
l = 3502 + 4002 2 = 531.507 l l 0 = 81.507 mm
TB =
1 2
mvB = 0.375 vB2 ;
2
VB =
1 2 1
2
kx = (150 )( 0.081507 ) = 0.49825 J
2
2
0 + 5.8685 = 0.375 vB2 + 0.49825

vB = 3.78 m/s !
1
At E
2
2
l = ( 350 ) + ( 500 ) 2 = 610.328 mm l l 0 = 160.328 mm
So
TE =
0 + 5.8685 = 0.375 VE2 + 1.9279
1 2
mvE = 0.375 vE2 ;
2
VE =
1 2 1
2
kx = (150 )( 0.160328 ) = 1.9279 J
2
2
vE = 3.24 m/s !
The fact the cord becomes slack doesnt matter.
v2 = 0
(a) Maximum height when
T1 = T2 = 0
V = Vg + Ve
(Vg )1 = 0
Position 1
x1 =
6 lb
+ 6 in. = 0.4 + 6 = 6.4 in.
15 lb/in.
(Ve )1 =
1 2 1
2
kx1 = (15 lb/in.)( 6.4 in.)
2
2
= 307.2 lb in. = 25.6 lb ft
(Vg )2 = mg 126 + h = 6 ( 0.5 + h )
Position 2
(Ve )2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 :
=0
(Vg )1 + (Ve )1 = (Vg )2 + (Ve )2
25.6 = 6 ( 0.5 + h )
h = 3.767 ft
h = 45.2 in. !
(b) Maximum velocity occurs when acceleration is 0, equilibrium

position
1 2 1 6 2
2
mv3 =
v3 = 0.093167v3
2
2 32.2
1
2
2
+ (Ve )3 = 6 ( 6 ) + k ( x1 6 ) = 36 + 7.5 ( 6.4 6 )
2
= 37.2 lb in. = 3.1 lb ft
T3 =
( )3
V3 = Vg
T1 + V1 = T3 + V3 : 25.6 = 0.093167v32 + 3.1

vmax = 15.54 ft/s !
(a) Collar is in equilibrium.

F = (15 lb/in.) 6 lb
( 6 lb )
(15 lb/in.)
= 0.4 in.
max = 0.4 in. !

(b) Maximum compression occurs when velocity at 2 is zero.
T1 = 0
T2 = 0
V1 = 0
V2 = W max +
W =
max =
1 2
k max
2
1
k max
2
2 ( 6 lb )
= 0.8 in.
(15 lb/in.)
max = 0.8 in. !
(a) Maximum height

Above B is reached when the velocity at E is zero
TC = 0
TE = 0
V = Ve + Vg
Point C
= 30 =
LBC = ( 0.3 m ) rad

6
rad
LBC =
R = 0.3 m
(VC )e
(VC ) g
20
m
2
1
1
2
m = 0.4935 J
k ( LBC ) = ( 40 N/m )
2
2
20
= WR (1 cos ) = 0.2 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.3 m )(1 cos 30 )
(VC ) g
= 0.07886 J
(VE )e
=0
(VE ) g
= WH = ( 0.2 9.81)( H ) = 1.962 H ( J )
(spring is unattached)
TC + VC = TE + VE
0 + 0.4935 + 0.07886 = 0 + 0 + 1.962H

H = 0.292 m !
continued
(b) The maximum velocity is at B where the potential energy is

zero, vB = vmax
TC = 0
VC = 0.4935 + 0.07886 = 0.5724 J

TB =
1 2
1
2
mvB = ( 0.2 kg ) vmax
2
2
2
TB = 0.1vmax
VB = 0
TC + VC = TB + VB
2
0 + 0.5724 = ( 0.1) vmax
2
vmax
= 5.72 m 2 /s 2
vmax = 2.39 m/s !
(a) Smallest angle occurs when the velocity at D is close to zero
vC = 0
vD = 0
TC = 0
TD = 0
V = Ve + Vg
Point C
LBC = ( 0.3 m ) = 0.3 m
R = 0.3 m
W = ( 0.2 kg ) 9.81 m/s
1
2
k ( LBC )
2
(VC )e
(VC )e
= 1.8 2
(VC ) g
= WR (1 cos )
(VC ) g
= (1.962 N )( 0.3 m )(1 cos )
= 1.962 N
VC = (VC )e + (VC ) g = 1.8 2 + 0.5886 (1 cos )

Point D
(VD )e
=0
(VD ) g
= W ( 2 R ) = ( 2 )(1.962 N )( 0.3 m ) = 1.1772 J
TC + VC = TD + VD ;
(spring is unattached)
0 + 1.8 2 + 0.5586 (1 cos ) = 1.1772 J
(1.8) 2 ( 0.5886 ) cos

By trial
= 0.5886
= 0.7522 rad
= 43.1 !
continued
(b) Velocity at A
Point D
VD = 0
TD = 0
VD = 1.1772 J ( see Part (a) )
Point A
TA =
1
1
mv A2 = ( 0.2 kg ) v A2
2
2
TA = 0.1v A2
VA = (VA ) g = W ( R ) = (1.962 N )( 0.3 m ) = 0.5886 J

TA + VA = TD + VD
0.1v A2 + 0.5886 = 0 + 1.1772
v A2 = 5.886 m 2 /s 2
v A = 2.43 m/s !
Position (1) is at the top of the incline; position (2) is when the spring has maximum deformation
k = 1500 lb/ft
Where
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
T1 +
At (1)
1 2 1 200 2
mv1 =
( 8 ) = 198.76 ft lb
2
2 32.2
V1 = Vg1 + Ve1 = mgz1 =
1 2
k x1 ( datum at point 2)
2
= 200 ( 25 x ) sin 20 +
1
(1500)( 0.5)2
2
x = Deformation of the spring

V1 = 1710.1 + 68.404 x + 187.5
At (2)
T2 = 0;

Solve
V2 = Vg 2 + Ve2 =
1 2 1
2
k x2 = (1500 )( 0.5 + x )
2
2
198.78 + 1710.1 + 68.404 x + 187.5 = 750 ( 0.5 + x )
750 x 2 + 681.596 x 1908.9 = 0
x = 2.11 or +1.2044 ft
x = 1.204 ft !
= 14.45 in. !
Spring length = 142 + 282

= 31.305 in.
Stretch
31.305 in. 14 in.

12 in./ft
= 1.44208 ft
T0 + V0 = 0 + 0 +
(a) At A:
1
( 48 lb/ft )(1.44208 ft )2 = 49.910 lb ft
2
14 2 14
1 10 lb 2 1
49.910 =
v + ( 48 lb/ft )
2 A
2 32.2 ft/s
2
12
v A = 16.89 ft/s !
2
(b) At B:
49.910 =
1 10 2 1
14
14
vB + ( 48) 10
2 32.2
2
12
12
vB = 13.64 ft/s !
T1 = 0, V1e = V1g = 0
T2 =
( )
Constraint: yB = 2 x A ( )
1
1
M A v A2 + M B vB2
2
2
2
=
(a)
yB = 0.15 m, x A = 0.075 m, V2e =
1
v
1
( 4 kg ) B + (1.5 kg ) vB2 = 1.25vB2
2
2
2
1
( 300 N/m )( 0.075 m )2 = 0.84375 N m
2
V2 g = (1.5)( 9.81)( 0.15 m ) = 2.2073 J

T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ; 0 = 1.25 vB2 + 0.84375 2.20725
vB = 1.044 m/s !
(b)
Maximum velocity when acceleration = 0
Fx = m ax ;
xA =
k x A 2T = 0;
T = Cord tensile force
2 (14.715 )
2T
; x A = 0.0981 m; xB = 2 x A = 0.1962 m
=
300
k
V2 g = ( 14.715 N )( 0.1962 m ) = 2.8871

V2e =
1
( 300 N/m )( 0.0981 m )2 = 1.4435
2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ; 0 = 1.25 vB2 1.44354
vB = 1.075 m/s !
(c)
T2 = 0; V2 = 0 =
1
y
( 300) B 14.715 yB
2
2
yB = 0.392 m = 392 mm !
(a) Calculate spring lengths after deflection.

Original spring length = 0.75 m, collar moved 100 mm = 0.1 m
T1 = V1 = 0, T2 =
1
( 4) v2 = 2v 2
2
V2 g = ( 4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.1 m ) = 3.924 J

V2e =
1
( 300) ( 0.8322 0.75) 2 + ( 0.6727 0.75)2
2
= 1.9098 J
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0 = 2v 2 3.924 + 1.9098
v = 1.0035 m/s
v = 1.004 m/s !
(b) Calculate spring lengths after deflection, collar moved190 mm = 0.19 m
V2 g = ( 4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.19 m ) = 7.4556 J

V2e =
1
( 300) ( 0.90918 0.75)2 + ( 0.60877 0.75) 2
2
= 6.7927 J
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0 = 2v 2 7.4556 + 6.7927
v = 0.576 m/s
v = 0.576 m/s !
vC = 0,
(a)
TC = 0
TB =
1 2
mvB
2
TB =
1
( 0.2 kg ) vB2
2
VC = (VC )e + (VC ) g
TB = 0.1vB2
arc BC = LBC = R
LBC = ( 0.3 m )( 30 )
( )
180
LBC = 0.15708 m
(VC )e
(VC ) g
1
1
2
2
k ( LBC ) = ( 40 N/m )( 0.15708 m ) = 0.49348 J
2
2
= WR (1 cos ) = ( 0.2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.3 m )(1 cos 30 )
(VC ) g
= 0.078857 J
VC = (VC )e + (VC ) g = 0.49348 J + 0.078857 J = 0.57234 J

VB = (VB )e + (VB ) g = 0 + 0 = 0
TC + VC = TB + VB ;
0 + 0.57234 = 0.1vB2
vB2 = 5.7234 m 2 /s 2
vB = 2.39 m/s !
F = FR W =
(b)
mvB2
R
(5.7234 m /s )
= 1.962 N + ( 0.2 kg )
2 2
FR
( 0.3 m )
FR = 1.962 N + 3.8156 N = 5.7776 N
FR = 5.78 N !
(a) Speed at C
LAB =
( 300 )2 + (150 )2 + ( 75)2
= 343.69318 mm
k = 320 N/m
vB = 0
At B
TB = 0
VB = (VB )e + (VB ) g
LAB = 343.69318 mm 200 mm
LAB = 143.69318 mm = 0.14369318 m
(VB )e
1
1
2
2
k ( LAB ) = ( 320 N/m )( 0.1436932 m )
2
2
(VB )e
(VB ) g
= 3.303637 J
= Wr = ( 0.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.15 m ) = 0.73575 J
VB = (VB )e + (VB ) g = 3.303637 J + 0.73575 J = 4.03939 J

TC =
At C
( )
1 2
1
mvC = ( 0.5 kg ) vC2
2
2
TC = 0.25vC2
(VC )e
1
2
k ( LAC )
2
LAC = 309.23 mm 200 mm = 109.23 mm = 0.10923 m
(VC )e
1
( 320 N/m )( 0.10923 m )2 = 1.90909 J
2
TB + VB = TC + VC
0 + 4.0394 = 0.25vC2 + 1.90909
vC2 =
4.0394 1.90909
= 8.5212 m 2 /s 2
0.25
vC = 2.92 m/s !
(b) Force of rod on collar AC

Fz = 0 (no friction)
F = Fxi + Fy j
= tan 1
75
= 14.04
300
Fe = ( k LAC ) ( cos i + sin k )

Fe = ( 320 )( 0.10923)( cos14.04i + sin14.04k )
Fe = 33.909i + 8.4797k (N)
F = ( Fx + 33.909 ) i + Fy 4.905 j + 8.4797k =
mv 2
j + mgk
r
(8.5212 m /s )
= 4.905 N + ( 0.5 )
2 2
Fx + 33.909 N = 0
Fy
0.15 m
Fx = 33.909 N
Fy = 33.309 N
F = 33.9 N i + 33.3 N j !
Datum at point C.
2.5 lb
1b s 2
=
m=
0.07764
2
ft
32.2 ft/s
TC = 0, (VC ) g = 0, (VC )e = 0, TA =
(a)
(VA ) g
= ( 2.5 lb )( 7/12 ft ) = 1.4583
(VA )C
1 2.5 2
vA
2 32.2
1
( 20 lb/ft )( 0.63465 ft 0.3333 ft )2 = 0.90812
2
From conservation of energy:

0=
1
( 0.07764) vA2 1.4583 + 0.90812
2
VA = 3.7646 ft/s
v A = 3.76 ft/s !
At point A,
FS = k LCA = ( 20 lb/ft )( 0.63465 ft 0.3333 ft ) = 6.0263 lb
2.5 lb/32.2 ft/s 2 ( 3.76551 ft/s )

m v A2
=
= 1.8872 lb
r
( 7 /12) ft
2
F =
m v A2
7
;
( 6.0263) N A = 1.8872
r
7.61577
N A = 3.65 lb
(b) Datum at C.
(VB ) g
(VB )e
= ( 2.5 lb )(14 /12 ft ) = 2.9167 ft lb
1
1
2
2
k ( LCB ) = ( 20 lb/ft )( 0.5 ft ) = 2.5 ft lb
2
2
From Conservation of energy:

0+
1 2.5 2
vB 2.9167 + 2.5
2 32.2
vB = 3.2762 ft/s
vB = 3.28 ft/s !
FS = k ( LCB ) = ( 20)( 0.5) = 10 lb

2.5 vB2
= 1.4286 lb
32.2 ( 7 /12)
Fy = N B + 10 2.5 = 1.4286
N B = 6.07 lb !
(a) For maximum velocity,

L = 7.61577 4 = 3.61577 in. = 0.30131 ft
sin = ( 3/ 7.61577 )
at = &&
s =0
W = 2.5 lb
Fy = 0 = 0.30131 k ( 3/ 7.61577 ) 2.5 = 0

k = 21.063 lb/ft
k = 21.1 lb/ft !
(b) Put datum at C

TC = (VC ) g = (VC )e = 0,
(VA ) g
= 2.5 ( 7 /12) = 1.4583
(VA )e
Conservation of energy: 0 =
TA =
1 2.5 2
vA
2 32.2
1
( 21.063)( 0.30131)2 = 0.9561
2
1 2.5 2
v A 1.4583 + 0.9561
2 32.2
v A = 3.597
v A = 3.60 ft/s !
Loop 1
(a) The smallest velocity at B will occur when the force exerted by the
tube on the package is zero.
F = 0 + mg =
mvB2
r
vB2 = rg = 1.5 ft 32.2 ft/s2
vB2 = 48.30
TA =
At A
1
m v02
2
0.5
VA = 0 8 oz = 0.5 lb =
= 0.01553
32.2
At B
TB =
1 2
1
mvB = m ( 48.30 ) = 24.15 m
2
2
VB = mg ( 7.5 + 1.5 ) = 9 mg = 9 ( 0.5 ) = 4.5 lb ft
TA + VA = TB + VB :
1
( 0.01553) v02 = 24.15 ( 0.01553) + 4.5
2
v02 = 627.82
v0 = 25.056
v0 = 25.1 ft/s "
At C
TC =
1 2
mvC = 0.007765vC2
2
vC = 7.5 mg = 7.5 ( 0.5 ) = 3.75
TA + VA = TC + VC : 0.007765v02 = 0.007765vC2 + 3.75

2
0.007765 ( 25.056 ) 3.75 = 0.007765vC2
vC2 = 144.87
continued
(b)
F = man : N = 0.01553
(144.87 )
1.5
N = 1.49989
{Package in tube} NC = 1.500 lb
Loop 2
"
(a) At B, tube supports the package so,

vB 0
vB = 0, TB = 0
VB = mg ( 7.5 + 1.5 )
= 4.5 lb ft
TA + VA = TB + VB
1
( 0.01553) vA2 = 4.5 v A = 24.073
2
v A = 24.1 ft/s "
(b) At C
TC = 0.007765vC2 , VC = 7.5 mg = 3.75

2
TA + VA = TC + VC : 0.007765 ( 24.073) = 0.007765vC2 + 3.75
vC2 = 96.573
96.573
NC = 0.01553
= 0.99985
1.5
{Package on tube} NC = 1.000 lb "
(a)
Loop 1
From 13.75, at B
vB2 = gr = 48.3 ft 2 /s 2 vB = 6.9498 ft/s

TB =
1 2
1
mvB = ( 0.01553)( 48.3) = 0.37505
2
2
VB = mg ( 7.5 + 1.5 ) = ( 0.5 )( 9 ) = 4.5 lb ft

TC =
1 2
1
mvC = ( 0.01553) vC2 = 0.007765vC2
2
2
VC = 7.5 ( 0.5 ) = 3.75 lb ft

TB + VB = TC + VC : 0.37505 + 4.5 = 0.007765vC2 + 3.75
(b) Loop 2 at A
At C assume
vC2 = 144.887 vC = 12.039 ft/s

12.04 ft/s > 10 ft/s Loop (1) does not work !
1
TA = mv02 = 0.007765v02
2
VA = 0
vC = 10 ft/s
1 2
2
TC = mvC = 0.007765 (10 ) = 0.7765
2
vC = 7.5 ( 0.5 ) = 3.75
TA + VA = TC + VC : 0.007765v02 = 0.7765 + 3.75

v0 = 24.144
v0 = 24.1 ft/s !
Use conservation of energy from the point of release (A) and the top of the circle.
(1) (datum at lowest point)
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
where
T1 = 0;
V1 = mg l
1
m v 2 ; V2 = mgz = mg ( 2 )( l a )
2
At 2
T2 =
0 + mg l =
1
m v 2 + 2mg ( l a )
2
(2)
We need another equation use Newtons 2nd law at the top. ( Tension, T0 = 0 at top )
Fn = man m g =
m v2
v2 = g = g ( l a )

mg l =
1
mg ( l a ) + 2 mg ( l a )
2
2l = l a + 4l 4a
5 a = 3l
a=
3
l!
5
TA = V A = 0, TB =
TC =
1
( 70 ) vB2 , VB = 70 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 40 m )(1 0.7071)
2
1
( 70 ) vC2 , VC = 2VB
2
TB + VB = 0, vB = 15.161 m/s
Conservation of energy:
TC + VC = 0, vC = 21.441 m/s
N = 70 vB2 /40 + 70 g
(a)
N = 402.26 + 686.7
N B1 = 1089 N !
N = 70 vB2 /40 + 70 g
(b)
N = 402.26 + 686.7
,
N B2 = 284 N !
N 70 kg ( 0.7071) = 70 vC2 /40
N C1 = 804.5 + 485.6 < 0
(c)
Skier airborne?
Yes!
For a conservative force, Equation (13.22) must be satisfied

Fx =
We now write
V
x
Fx
2V
=
y
xy
Fy =
Fy
x
V
y
=
Fz =
V
z
2V
yx
Since
Fy
2V
2V
Fx
:
!
=
=
xy
yx
y
x
We obtain in a similar way

Fy
z
Fz
y
Fz
Fx
!
=
x
z
Fx =
(a)
yz
xyz
Fy =
( )
1x
Fx
=
=0
y
y
Thus
zx
xyz
Fy
x
( )=0
1
y
Fy
Fx
=
y
x
The other two equations derived in Problem 13.80 are checked in a similar way.
Fx =
(b) Recall that
v
,
x
Fy =
v
,
y
Fz =
v
z
Fx =
1
v
=
x
x
V = ln x + f ( y, z )
(1)
Fy =
1
v
=
y
y
V = ln y + g ( z, x )
(2)
Fz =
1
v
=
z
z
V = ln z + h ( x, y )
(3)
Equating (1) and (2)

ln x + f ( y, z ) = ln y + g ( z, x )
Thus
f ( y, z ) = ln y + k ( z )
(4)
g ( z, x ) = ln x + k ( z )
(5)
Equating (2) and (3)

ln z + h ( x, y ) = ln y + g ( z, x )
g ( z, x ) = ln z + l ( x )
From (5)
g ( z, x ) = ln x + k ( z )
Thus
k ( z ) = ln z
l ( x ) = ln x
continued
From (4)
f ( y, z ) = ln y ln z
Substitute for f ( y, z ) in (1)
V = ln x ln y ln z
V = ln xyz "
Fx =
(a)
Fx
=
y
x2 + y 2 +
( )
Fy =
3
z2 2
x 32 ( 2 y )
(x
+ y +
Fy
5
2 2
z
(
=
y
x2 + y 2 + z 2
( )
1
2
y 32 2 y
(x
+ y +
5
2 2
z
Fy
Fx
=
y
x
Thus
The other two equations derived in Problem 13.79 are checked in a similar fashion
(b) Recalling that
Fx =
V
V
V
, Fy =
, Fz =
x
y
z
Fx =
V
x
V =
V = x2 + y 2 + z 2
Similarly integrating
1
2
(x
+ y +
3
z2 2
dx
+ f ( y, z )
V
V
and
shows that the unknown function f ( x, y ) is a constant.
z
y
V =
(x
+ y +
1
z2 2
(a)
a
U AB = 0 kxdx = k
a2
2
Fx = Fy , F is normal to BC, U BC = 0
U CA = 0 ( a u )du =
a
U ABCA = ( k 1)
(b) From Problem 13.77,
a 2
2
a2
, not conservative !
2
Fy
Fx
=1=
y
x
Conservative, U ABCA = 0 !
U1 2 = x 2 Fdx = x 2 k1x + k2 x3 dx
1
1
(a)
=
k1 2
k
x2 x12 2 x24 x14
2
4
U1 2 = Ve1 Ve 2
Ve =
(b) Conservation of energy:
T1 = 0, T2 =
V1e =
1 2 1
k1x + k2 x 4 !
2
4
1 2
mv
2
1 2 1
k1x0 + k2 x04 , V2e = 0
2
4
1 2 1 2 1
mv = k1x0 + k2 x04
2
2
4
v=
k1 2 k2 4
x0 +
x0 !
m
2m
U1 2 = x 2 Fdx = x 2 k1x + k2 x3 dx
1
1
(a)
k1 2
k
x2 x12 + 2 x24 x14
2
4
U1 2 = Ve1 Ve2:
Ve =
(b) Conservation of energy:
T1 = 0, T2 =
V1e =
1 2 1
k1x k2 x 4 !
2
4
1 2
mv
2
1 2 1
k1x0 k2 x04 , V2e = 0
2
4
1 2 1 2 1
mv = k1x0 k2 x04
2
2
4
v=
Requires x0 <
2k1
k2
k1 2 k2 4
x0 +
x0 !
m
2m
Circular orbit velocity

R = 3960 mi = 20.9088 106 ft
rAo = 930 mi = 4.9104 106 ft
vC2 GM
= 2 , GM = gR 2
r
r
( 32.2 ft/s ) 20.9088 106 ft

GM
gR 2
2
=
=
vC =
r
r
20.9088 106 ft + 4.9104 106 ft
vC2 = 545.22 106 ft 2 /s 2

vC = 23350 ft/s
Velocity reduced to 60% of vC = 14010 ft/s
TA + VA = TB + VB
1
GMm 1
GMm
mv A2
= mvB2
2
rA
2
rB
32.2 20.9088 106

1
(14010 )2
2
25.819 106
6
v 2 32.2 20.9088 10
= B
2
20.9088 106
vB = 21269 ft/s
vB = 4.03 mi/s !
Distance
OA = 3960 mi + 376 mi = 4336 mi = 22.894 106 ft
Distance
OO E = 10,840 mi 4336 mi = 6504 mi = 34.341 106 ft

2
rC2 = ( 8670 ) + ( 6504 )
rC = 10,838.4 mi = 57.2268 106 ft

T +V =
1
gR 2m
2
m (15681.6 )
2
rC
constant =
1
(T + V ) = 123.032 106 ft 2/s2
m
R = 3960 mi = 20.9088 106 ft; vC = 2.97 mi/s = 15681.6 ft/s

(a) At point A,
T +V
1
gR 2
= v A2
m
2
22.894 106 ft
( 123.032 10 )
6
)(
32.2 ft/s 2 20.9088 106 ft

1
= v A2
2
22.894 106 ft
v A = 31364 ft/s
(b) At point B,
v A = 5.94 mi/s !
rB = 2 (10,840 mi ) ( 4336 mi )
= 17344 mi = 91.5763 106 ft
( 123.032 10 )
6
( 32.2 ) 20.9088 106

1
= vB2
2
91.5763 106
vB = 7834.3 ft/s
vB = 1.484 mi/s !
rA = hA + R = 4.3 Mm + 6.37 Mm
rA = 10 67 Mm
rB = hB + R = 72.7 Mm + 6.37 Mm
rB = 19.07 Mm
v A = 32.5 Mm/h = 9028 m/s
At A,
TA =
1
2
m ( 9028 m/s ) = 40.752 106 m
2
VA =
GMm gR 2m
=
rA
rA
rA = 10.67 Mm = 10.67 106 m

R = 6370 km = 6.37 106 m
(9.81 m/s )(6.37 10 m)

=
(10.67 10 m)
2
VA
TB =
At B
m = 37.306 106 m
1 2
GMm
gR 2m
mvB ; VB =
=
2
rB
rB
rB = 19.07 Mm = 19.07 106 m
(9.81 m/s )(6.37 10 m)

=
(19.07 10 m)
2
VB
= 20.874 106 m
TA + VA = TB + VB ; 40.752 106 m 37.306 106 m =
1 2
mvB 20.874 106 m
2
vB2 = 2 40.752 106 37.306 106 + 20.874 106

vB2 = 48.64 106 m 2 /s 2
vB = 6.9742 103 m/s = 25.107 Mm/h
vB = 25.1 Mm/h !
GM moon = 0.0123GM earth
Note:
GM moon = 0.0123gRE2
By Equation 12.30
At distance from moon: r2 = , assume v2 = 0
E2 = T2 + V2 = 0
RM = 1740 km = 1.74 106 m
(a) On surface of moon:
RE = 6370 km = 6.37 106 m
v1 = 0, T1 = 0
V1 =
GM m mlem
RM
E1 =
GM m mlem
=00=0
E1 = T1 + V1 = 0
0.0123 gRE2 mlem

Rm
( 0.0123) ( 9.81 m/s2 )( 6.37 106 m )
(1.740 10 m )
mlem
mlem = mass of the lem
Where
E1 = 2.814 106 m 2 /s 2 mlem
E = E2 E1 = 0 + 2.814 106 m 2 /s 2 mlem
E
= 2810 kj/kg !
mlem
Energy per kilogram:
(b)
r1 = Rm + 80 km
r1 = (1740 km + 80 km ) = 1820 km = 1.82 106 m

Newtons second law:
F = mlem alem:
v12 =
GM m
r1
GM m mlem
mlemv12
=
r1
r12
T1 =
1
1 mlemGM m
mlemv12 =
2
2
r1
V1 =
GM mmlem
r1
E1 = T1 + V1 =
1 GM m mlem GM m mlem
2
r1
r1
E1 =
1 GM m mlem
1 ( 0.0123) gRE mlem
=
2
r1
2
r1
E1 =
2
3
1 ( 0.0123) 9.81 m/s 6.37 10 m mlem
2
1.82 106 m
)(
E1 = 1.345 106 m 2 /s 2 mlem
E = E2 E1 = 0 + 1.345 106 m 2 /s 2 mlem

Energy per kilogram:
E
= 1345 kJ/kg !
mlem
Total energy per unit weight

E0 = TA + VA = Tp + V p ; E0 =
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
mv A
= mv p
2
rA
2
rp
Unit weightW = mg
E0 =
W 2 W GM
W 2 W GM
=
vA
vp
2g
g rA
2g
g rp
v 2p
E0
v2
GM
GM
= A
=
W
grA
grp
2g
2g
(1)
v 2 GM 1
v A2
1
1 2p =

2 g
g rA rp
v A
rp rA
v 2p
v A2 1 2 = 2GM
rArp
v A
rp
vA
=
vp
rA
( given )
rp rA
r2
v A2 1 A2 = 2GM
rArp
rp
rp2 rA2
r rA
= 2GM p
v A2
2
rArp
rp
v A2 = 2GM
rp 1
rA rp + rA
(2)
Substitute v A from (2) into (1)

r 1 GM
1
E0
GM rp 1 1
2GM p

=
=

2g
W
rA rp + rA grA
g rA rp + rA rA
rp
GM
1 =
rA g
rp + rA
GM
rA g
GM
g ( rA + rB )
GM = gRE2
rp rp + rA
rp + rA
E0
RE2
=
W
rA + rp
2
( 3960 mi 5280 ft/mi ) = 1.65598 106 ft lb/lb

E0
=
W
( 50,000 mi 5280 ft/mi )
On earth:
EE = TE + VE , VE = 0, TE = 0, VE =
WGM
gRE
EE
GM
gR 2
=
= E = RE = 20.9088 106 ft lb/lb
W
gRE
gRE
For propulsion:
Ep
W
E0 EE
W
W
= 1.65598 106 20.9088 106
Ep
W
= 19.25 106 ft lb/lb "
Geosynchronous orbit
r1 = 3960 + 200 = 4160 mi = 21.965 106 ft
r2 = 3960 + 22,000 = 25,960 mi = 137.07 106 ft
1 2 GMm
mv
2
r
E = T +V =
Total energy
M = mass of earth
m = mass of satellite
F = man ;
Newtons second law
T =
1 2
GM
mv = m
2
2r
E = T +V =
GM = gRE2
GMm mv 2
GM
=
v2 =
r
r
r2
V =
GMm
r
1 GMm GMm
1 GMm
=
2 r
r
2 r
E =
1 gRE2 m
1 RE2W
=
where (W = mg )
2 r
2 r
6
1 ( 6000 ) 20.9088 10 ft
E =
2
r
1.3115 1018
lb ft
r
Geosynchronous orbit at r2 = 137.07 106 ft

EGs =
1.3115 1018
= 9.5681 109 lb ft
137.07 106
r1 = 21.965 106 ft
(a) At 200 mi,

E200 =
1.3115 1018
= 5.9709 1010
21.965 106
E300 = EGs E200 = 5.0141 1010

E300 = 50.1 109 ft lb !
(b) Launch from earth

At launch pad
EE =
GMm
gRE2 m
=
= WRE
RE
RE
EE = 6000 ( 3960 5280 ) = 1.25453 1011

EE = EGs EE = 9.5681 109 + 125.453 109
E E = 115.9 109 ft lb !
We know
Geosynchronous orbit: r2 = 35780 + 6370 = 42,150 km
Orbit of shuttle: r1 = 6370 km + 296 km = 6666 km
Radius of Earth: R = 6370 km
also = GM = gR 2
For any circular orbit

F = man
GMm mv 2
GM
=
v2 =
r
r
r2
Energy
T =
1 2 1 GMm
mv =
;
2
2 r
E =T +V =
v=
GMm
r
1 GMm GMm
1 GMm
1 gR 2m
=
=
2 r
2 r
2 r
r
For Geosynchronous orbit
)(
2
6
1 9.81 m/s 6.370 10 m
E2 =
2
42.150 106 m
For orbit of shuttle
( 3600 kg )
= 16.999 109 J
6
1 ( 9.81) 6.370 10 ( 3600 )
E1 =
= 107.487 106 J
6
2
6.666 10
On the launching pad
vo = 0
GMm
Eo =
= mgR = ( 3600 )( 9.81) 6.370 106 = 224.963 109 J
R
(a) From shuttle to orbit
E = E2 E1 = 16.999 109 J 107.487 109 J
E = 90.5 109 J "
(b) From surface to orbit
E = E2 E0 = 16.999 109 J 224.963 109 J
)
E = 208 109 J "
(a)
Potential energy
V =
GMm
gR 2m
=
+ constant
r
r
(cf. Equation 13.17)
Choosing the constant so that V = 0 for r = R :
V = mgR 1 !
r
(b) Kinetic energy

F = man :
Newtons second law

v2 =
T =
GMm
v2
=m
2
r
r
GM
gR 2
=
r
r
1 2
mv
2
T =
1 mgR 2
!
2 r
Energy
(c) Total energy

E = T +V =
1 gR 2
R
m
+ mg 1
2
r
r
E = mgR 1
!
2r
FN =
In a circular orbit,
mv 2 GMm
=
r
r2
m = mass of Venus, M = mass of Sun
v2 =
GM
,
r
1 2 GMm
mv =
2
2r
T =
V =
GMm
,
r
T +V =
GMm
2r
(a)
88
(78.3 103 ) (67.2 106 )(5280)
2
v r
60
M =
=
G
34.4 1019
M = 136.0 1027 lb s 2 /ft !

(b)
T +V =
GMm
1
= mv 2
2r
2
1 136.029 1027
88
T +V =
78.3 103
3
60
2 407 10
T + V = 2.20 1033 lb ft !
Vg =
WR 2
WR 2
WR
=
setting r = R + y : Vg =
r
R+ y
1 + Ry
Vg = WR 1 +
R
1) y ( 1)( 2 ) y
(
= WR 1 +
+
+ !
1 R
1 2 R
We add the constant WR, which is equivalent to changing the datum from r = to r = R :
y y 2
Vg = WR + !
R R
(a) First order approximation:
y
Vg = WR = Wy !
R
[ Equation 13.16]
(b) Second order approximation:
y y 2
Vg = WR
R R
Vg = Wy
Wy 2
!
R
Use Conservation of energy and Conservation of angular momentum.

Conservation of angular momentum.
r1mv1 = r2mv2 v 2 =
r1v 1 ( 0.2 )( 6 )
=
r2
0.5
v 2 = 2.4 m/s !
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 (1)
At 1
At 2
T1 =
1 2 1
2
mv1 = ( 4 kg )( 6 m/s ) = 72 J
2
2
V1 =
1 2 1
2
kx1 = (1500 N/m )( 0.2 m 0.4 m ) = 72 J
2
2
T2 =
1
1
1
1
2
mv22 + mv22r = ( 4 )( 2.4 ) + ( 4 ) v22r
2
2
2
2
= 11.52 + 2v22r
V2 =
1 2 1
2
kx2 = (1500 N/m )( 0.5 m 0.4 m ) = 7.5 J
2
2
72 + 30 = 11.52 + 2v22r + 7.5

2v22r = 82.98
v2r = 6.44 m/s !
Conservation of angular momentum.

r1 m v1 = rmax m v2
so
( 0.2 )( 6 ) = 1.2
r1v1
=
rmax
rmax
rmax
v2 =
Energy
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
(1)
where,
At 1
T1 =
1 2 1
2
mv1 = ( 4 kg )( 6 m/s ) = 72 J
2
2
V1 =
1 2 1
2
kx1 = (1500 )( 0.2 0.4 ) = 30 J
2
2
0
At 2
V2 =
1.2
1
1
1
288
T2 = mv22 + mv22r = ( 4 )
= 2
2
2
2
rmax
rmax
1 2 1
2
kx2 = (1500 ) ( rmax 0.4 )
2
2
72 + 30 =
2.88
2
+ 750 ( rmax 0.4 )
2
rmax
Solve by trial for rmax
rmax = 0.760 m !
Solve for v2
v2 =
1.2
1.2
=
rmax 0.760
v2 = 1.580 m/s !
Initial state
F = ma
kx0 = mrA! 2 ,
x0 =
x0 =
mrA! 2
k
( 4 / 32.2 )( 3 ft )( 5 rad/s )2
7 lb/ft
= 1.331 ft
Unstretched length = 4.5 ft + 1.331 ft = 5.831 ft

Conservation of angular momentum
(A)
hA = rA2! = ( 3) ( 5 ) = 45
(1)
(B)
2
2
hB = rB2! = ( 9 ) ! = ( 7.5 ) ( 5 ) , ! = 3.4722
(2)
(a)
Substitute into (1) gives
rA = 3.6 ft !
! = 3.47 rad/s !
(b)
T0 + V0 = T + V , V0 =
1
( 7 lb/ft )(1.331 ft )2 = 6.200 ft lb
2
T0 =
2
2
1 4
1 4
5 ( 3) +
5 ( 7.5 ) = 101.320 ft lb
2 32.2
2 32.2
V =
2
1
( 7 ) ( 9 3.6 ) 5.831 = 0.6501 ft lb
2
T = T0 + V0 V
= 101.32 + 6.200 0.6501
(c)
T = 106.9 ft lb!
Initial state
F = ma
kx0 = mrA! 2
mr ! 2 ( 4 / 32.2)( 3)( 5)
x0 = A =
= 1.331 ft
k
7
2
Unstretched length = 4.5 + 1.331 = 5.831 ft

T0 =
2
2
1 4
1 4
5 ( 3) +
5 ( 7.5)
2 32.2
2 32.2
= 101.320 ft lb
V0 =
1
( 7 )(1.331)2 = 6.200 ft lb
2
T + V = 100 +
1
( 7 ) x12 = 101.32 + 6.200
2
x1 = 1.4658 ft
For compression:
( rB rA ) 5.831 = 1.4658
(A)
2
hA = rA2! = ( 3) ( 5 ) = 45
(B)
hB = rB2! = ( 7.5 ) ( 5 ) = 281.25

2
continued
rB2 = ( 2.5 ) rA2 , rB = 2.5rA
rB rA 5.831 = 2.5rA rA 5.831 = 1.5rA 5.831

(a)
1.5rA 5.831 = 1.4658
rA = 2.91 ft !
(b)
rB = 2.5rA = 7.2753 ft
rB = 7.28 ft !
(c)
rA2! = 45, ! = 5.31 rad/s
! = 5.31 rad/s !
R = 6370 km
r0 = 500 km + 6370 km
r0 = 6870 km
= 6.87 106 m
v0 = 36,900 km/h
=
36.9 106 m
3.6 103 s
= 10.25 103 m/s

r0mv0 = r1mv A ,
r0 = rmin , r1 = rmax
6.870 106
r
3
VA = 0 v0 =
10.25 10
r
r
1
1
VA =
70.418 109
r1
)
(1)
Point A
v0 = 10.25 103 m/s
TA =
1 2 1
mv0 = m 10.25 103
2
2
TA = ( m ) 52.53 106 ( J )
VA =
GMm
r0
)(
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m

GM = 398 1012 m3/s 2
r0 = 6.87 106 m
continued
(398 10 m /s ) m = 57.93 10
( 6.87 10 m )
12
VA =
m (J)
Point A
TA =
VA =
1 2
mv A
2
GMm
398 1012 m
=
(J)
r1
r1
TA + VA = TA + VA
1
398 1012 m
m v A2
r1
2
52.53 106 m 57.93 106 m =
Substituting for v A from (1)
( 70.418 10 )
=
9
5.402 106
( 2 )( r1 )2
398 1012
r1
( 2.4793 10 ) 398 10
21
5.402 106 =
r12
12
r1
(5.402 10 ) r (398 10 ) r + 2.4793 10

6
2
1
12
21
=0
r1 = 66.7 106 m, 6.87 106 m

rmax = 66,700 km !
The cord will not go slack if v2 is perpendicular to the undeformed cord

length, L0 , at 2

0.8v1 = 0.6v2
0.8
v1 = 1.333v0
0.6
v2 =
v1 = v0
Point 1
V1 =
T1 =
1 2
mv0 = 0.35v02
2
1
1
2
2
k ( L L0 ) = (150 N/m )( 0.8 m 0.6 m )
2
2
V1 = 3J
T2 =
Point 2
L = 0
V =0
1 2
mv2 = 0.35v22
2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0.35vB2 + 3 = 0.35v22 + 0
From conservation of angular momentum
v2 = 1.3158vB
2
0.35v02 (1.3158 ) 1 = 3
v02 =
( 3J )
( 0.35 kg )( 0.7313)
= 11.72 m 2 /s 2
v0 = 3.42 m/s "
continued
The ball travels in a straight line after the cord goes slack.
( 0.8)(1.71) = dv
d =
1.368
v
v1 = 1.71 m/s
Point 1
T1 =
1 2 1
2
mv1 = ( 0.7 kg )(1.71 m/s ) = 1.0234 J
2
2
V1 =
1
1
2
2
k ( L L0 ) = (150 N/m )( 0.8 m 0.6 m ) = 3J
2
2
T3 =
Point 3
1 2
mv3 = 0.35v 2
2
V3 = 0
T1 + V1 = T3 + V3 : 1.0234 + 3 = 0.35v 2 + 0
v = 3.39 m/s
From conservation of momentum
d =
1.368 1.368
=
= 404 mm
v
3.39
d = 404 mm "
(a) Conservation of angular momentum: About O

0.8v0 = 0.27v
v = 2.963v0
v1 = v0
Point 1
V1 =
T1 =
1 2
mv0 = 0.35v02
2
1
1
2
2
k ( L1 L0 ) = (150 N/m )( 0.8 m 0.6 m )
2
2
V1 = 3 J
Point 2
v2 = v
T2 =
1 2
mv = 0.35v 2
2
V2 = 0 ( cord is slack )
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0.35v02 + 3 = 0.35v 2 + 0
From conservation of angular momentum,
v = 3.125v0
2
0.35v02 ( 3.125 ) 1 = 3
v02 =
( 3J )
( 0.35 kg )(8.7656 )
v02 = 0.9779 m2 /s 2
v0 = 0.989 m/s "
(b)
Maximum velocity occurs when the ball is at its minimum distance

from O, (when d = 0.27 m)
vm = 3.125v0 = ( 3.125 )( 0.9889 ) = 3.09 m/s
vm = 3.09 m/s "

mrAv A = mrBvB vB =
rA
vA
rB
(1)
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
mv A
= mvB
2
2
rA
rB
(2)
Put (1) into (2) and solve for v A

v A2 =
2GMrB
rA ( rB + rA )
(3)
Given data
rA = R + hA = 1740 + 8 = 1748 km = 1.748 103 m
At B
rB = R + hB = 1740 + 140 = 1880 km = 1.880 103 m

M moon = 0.0123 M earth
( GM )moon
= 0.0123 ( GM )earth = 0.0123 gR 2
= 0.0123 ( 9.81) 6.370 106
(a)
= 4.8961 1012 m3/s 2
Speed at A
v A2
)(
2 4.8961 1012 1.88 106

1.748 10
(1.880 10
+ 1.748 106
= 2.9029
v A = 1703.8 m/s
v A = 1704 m/s !
(b)
At B
vB =
rA
1748
vA =
(1703.8) = 1584.2 m/s
rB
1880
The command module is in a circular orbit
rB = 1.880 106 m
At
vcirc =
4.8961 1012 2
GM
=
= 1613.8 m/s
6
rB
1.880 10
Relative velocity = vcirc vB = (1613.8 1584.2 ) = 29.6 m/s

Relative velocity = 29.6 m/s
From 13.100
Given data
vB =
rA
v A (1)
rB
and v A2 =
2GMrB
rA (rA + rB )
(2)
hA = 264 km; rA = 6370 km + 264 km = 6634 km

= 6.634 106 m
hB = 35780 km; rB = 6370 km + 35780 km = 42,150 km
= 42.150 106 m
) = 398.06 10
)( 42.150 10 )
GM = gR 2 = ( 9.81) 6.37 106

Substitute into (2)
v A2
2 398.06 1012
(6.634 10 )( 42.150 10
6
12
+ 6.634 106
= 103.69 106 m 2 /s 2
v A = 10,183 m/s
Substitute into (1)
6634
vB =
(10,183) = 1602.7 m/s
42,150
At A we have a circular orbit
vcirc =
GM
=
rA
398.06 1012
= 7746.2 m/s
6.634 106
v A vcirc = (10,183 7746.2)
Relative velocity
Relative velocity = 2.44 km/s "

At B
vcirc =
1
12 2
10
398.06
GM
=
= 3073.1 m/s
6
rB
42.15 10
Increase in velocity = vcirc vB = 3073.1 1602.7 = 1470 m/s

Increase in v = 1.470 km/s "
GM E = gR 2 ;
M = Mass of the sun;
R = 3960 mi = 20.9088 106 ft
)(
Earth
vE =
GM
= 97,677 ft/s
(93 106 )(5280)
Mars
vM =
GM
= 79187 ft/s
(141.5 106 )(5280)
GM = 332.8 (10) 32.2 ft/s 2 20.9088 106 ft

2
Circular orbits
= 4.6849 1021 ft 3/s 2

v A ( 93) = vB (141.5)
Elliptical orbit
1 2
GM
1
GM
vA
= vB2
6
2
93 10 ( 5280) 2
141.5 106 ( 5280)
141.5
v A = vB
= 1.5215vB
93
1
4.6849 1021
1 2
4.6849 1021
=
v
(1.5215)2 vB2
B
2
93 106 ( 5280) 2
141.5 106 ( 5280)
0.6575vB2 = 3.270 109
vB = 70524 ft/s;
v A = 107,303 ft/s
(a)
Increase at A,
v A vE = 107303 97677 = 9626 ft/s = 1.823 mi/s !
(b)
Increase at B,
vB vM = 79187 70524 = 8663 ft/s = 1.641 mi/s !
R = planet radius
rA = R + hA;
rB = R + hB

v A ( R + hA ) = vB ( R + hB )
5 ( R + 1200 mi ) = 1.2 ( R + 16300 mi )
5R + 6000 = 1.2 R + 19560; 3.8R = 13560
R = 3568.4 mi
(a)
ms = mass of spacecraft
TA + VA = TB + VB ;
( 5 ( 5280 ) )
2
R = 3570 mi !
1
GMms
1
msGM
msv A2
= ms vB2
2
( R + hA ) 2
( R + hB )
(1.2 ( 5280 ) )
GM
GM
=
2
( 3568.4 + 1200 ) 5280
( 3568.4 + 16300 )( 5280 )
2
348.48 106
GM
GM
= 20.072 106
6
25.177 10
104.905 106
GM = 10.879 1015 ft 3/s 2
Using
(b)
G = 34.4 109 ft 4 /lb s 4

M = 316.26 1021 slugs
M = 316 1021 slugs !
(planet is Venus)
Elliptical orbit between A and B

mrAv A = mrBvB
vA =
rB
7.170
vB =
vB
6.690
rA
rA = 6.690 106 m
rA = 6370 km + 320 km = 6690 km,

v A = 1.0718vB
(1)
rB = 7.170 106 m
rB = 6370 km + 800 km = 7170 km,
R = ( 6370 km ) = 6.37 106 m

)(
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m
= 398.060 1012 m3/s 2
Point A
1
TA = mv A2
2
)
)
398.060 1012 m
GMm
VA =
=
rA
6.690 106
VA = 59.501 106 m
Point B
TB =
1 2
mvB
2
VB =
)
)
398.060 1012 m
GMm
=
rB
7.170 106
VB = 55.5 106 m
TA + VA = TB + VB
continued
1 2
1
mv A 59.501 106 m = mvB2 55.5 106 m
2
2
v A2 vB2 = 8.002 106
From (1)
2
vB2 (1.0718 ) 1 = 8.002 106
v A = 1.0718vB
vB2 = 53.79 106 m 2 /s 2 ,
vB = 7334 m/s
v A = (1.0718 )( 7334 m/s ) = 7861 m/s

Circular orbit at A and B
(Equation 12.44)
( vA )C
GM
=
rA
398.060 1012
= 7714 m/s
6.690 106
( vB )C
GM
=
rB
398.060 1012
= 7451 m/s
7.170 106
(a) Increases in speed at A and B

v A = v A ( v A )C = 7861 7714 = 147 m/s !
vB = ( vB )C vB = 7451 7334 = 117 m/s !
(b) Total energy per unit mass
E/m =
E/m =
1
( v A )2 ( vA )C2 + ( vB )C2 ( vB )2
2
1
2
2
2
2
7861) ( 7714 ) + ( 7451) ( 7334 )
(
2
E/m = 2.01 106 J/kg !
rA = 185 106 m
(a)
rB = 295 106 m
vA = Speed of spacecraft in the elliptical orbit after its speed

has been decreased
Elliptical orbit between A and B conservation of energy
TA =
Point A
1 2
mv A ,
2
VA =
GM sat m
rA
M sat = mass of saturn

Determine GM sat from the speed of Tethys in its circular orbit.
GM sat
r
vcirc =
(Equation 12.44)
)(
GM sat = 295 106 m 11.3 103 m/s

3
= 37.67 1015 m3/s 2
Point B
TB =
( 37.67 10 m /s ) m = 0.2036 10 m
=
(185 10 m )
15
VA
2
GM sat = rBvcirc
1 2
mvB
2
VB =
37.67 1015 m3/s 2 m

GM sat m
=
rB
295 106m
VB = 0.1277 109
TA + VA = TB + VB ;
1
1
mv A2 0.2036 109 m = mvB2 0.1277 109 m
2
2
vA2 vB2 = 0.1518 109
continued

rAmvA = rB mvB
vB =
rA
185 106
vA =
vA = 0.6271vA
rB
295 106
2
vA2 1 ( 0.6271) = 0.1518 109 ,
vA = 15817 m/s
v A = v A vA = 21000 15817 = 5183 m/s = 5.18 km/s !

(b)
vB =
rA
vA = ( 0.6271)(15817 ) = 9919 m/s,
rB
vB = 9.92 km/s !
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
mv0
= mv A
2
2
rB
rA
v A2 = v02
So
2GM
rB
rB
1
rA
(1)
Given
R = 6370 km = 6.37 106 m
GM = gR 2 = ( 9.81) 6.37 106
= 398 1012
rA = 6370 + 360 = 6730 km = 6.73 106 m

rB = 6370 + 60 = 6430 km = 6.43 106 m
Substitute into (1)

v A2 = v02
2 398 1012
6.43 106
6
6.43 10
6.73 106
v A2 = v02 5.518 106
(2)
We need another equation conservation of angular momentum

rB mv sin = rA m v A
rB v0 sin 6.43 106

=
6
v0 sin 50
rA
6.73 10
v A = 0.7319 v0
vA =
Substitute into (2)
( 0.7319 v0 )2 = v02 5.518 106

0.46433 v02 = 5.518 106
v0 = 3477 m/s
v0 = 3450 m/s "
Let E =
T +V
1
GM
= constant = v A2
m
2
rA
km
m
1
v A = 30,000
1000
hr
km 3600 s/hr
v A = 8333.33 m/s
)(
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m
GM = 398.059 1012 m3/s 2

rA = 4.3 106 m + R = 4.3 106 m + 6.37 106 m
rA = 10.67 106 m
E =
1
398.059 1012
(8333.3)2
2
10.67 106
E = 2584.19 103 m 2 /s 2
h/m = constant = v A rA sin 60
h/m = (8333.33 m/s ) 10.67 106 m
)(
3/2
h/m = 77.0041 109 m 2 /s

h/m
h/m = r v, v =
At min or max altitude,

Eliminate
1 2 GM 1 h/m
GM
h/m
v=
=
:E= v

r
2
R
2
r
r
Multiply by r :
1 h
Er = GMr
2m
2
1 h
Er + ( GM ) r = 0
2m
2
And rearrange
rmin =
Quadratic formula for minimum r:
rmin =
rmin =
398.06 1012 +
GM +
( GM )2 + 2E ( h/m )2
2E
( 398.06 )2 1024 + 2 ( 2584.2 103 ) ( 77.004 )2 1018
2 2584.2 103
398.06 1012 + 357.50 1012
2 2584.2 103
rmin = 7.848 106 m

Minimum altitude = 7.848 106 R
= 7.848 106 m 6.37 106 m
= 1.478 106 m
Minimum altitude = 1478 km !
At A:
hA = v r = ( 6.5 )( 5280 ) ( 3960 mi + 567 mi )( 5280 ft/mi )

hA = 820.336 109 ft 2 /s
R = ( 3960 mi )( 5280 ft/mi ) = 20.9088 106 ft
1
1
GM
( TA + V A ) = v 2
2
m
r
2
( 32.2 ) 20.9088 106

2
1
= ( 6.5 )( 5280 )
0
( 3960 + 567 )( 5280 )
2
Parabolic orbit
At B:
1
1
GM
=0
(TB + VB ) = vB2
2
m
rB
2
32.2 20.9088 106

1 2
vB =
( 3960 + 5190 )( 5280 )
2
vB2 = 582.76 106; vB = 24140 ft/s
vB = 4.57 mi/s !
(a)
hB = vB sin B rB = 820.336 109
sin B =
820.336 109
24140 ( 3960 + 5190 )( 5280 )
= 0.7034
(b)
B = 44.7 !
hA = v A rA ,
rA = 3960 mi + 377 mi = 4337 mi = 22.8994 106 ft
vC = ( 2.97 mi/s )( 5280 ft/mi ) = 15681.6 ft/s

R = ( 3960 )( 5280 ) = 20.9088 106 ft
hC = vC b = 15681.6 b = v A 22.8994 106
(1)
1
v2
GM
(TA + VA ) = A
m
2
22.8994 106
GM = 32.2 20.9088 106
=
v A2
GM
2
22.8994 106
(2)
Two equations in two unknowns: v A , b.

Solve ;
v A = 31361 ft/s
b = 45.8 106 ft
(a)
v A = 5.94 mi/s "
(b)
b = 8670 mi "
rA = 1080 + 87 = 1167 mi = 6.1618 106 ft

rC = R = 1080 mi = 5.7024 106 ft
GM E = 0.0123gRE2
GM moon = 0.0123
= 0.0123 ( 32.2 )( 3960 5280 )
= 1.7315 1014 ft 3/s 2

vcirc =
At 87 mi:
GM moon
= 5301.0 ft/s
rA
(a) An elliptic trajectory between A and C, where the lem is just tangent
to the surface of the moon, will give the smallest reduction of speed
at A which will cause impact.
TA =
1 2
mv A
2
VA =
GM m m
= 28.101 106 m
rA
TC =
1 2
mvC
2
VC =
GM mm
= 30.364 106 m
rC
TA + VA = TC + VC :
1 2
mv A 28.101 106 m
2
=
1 2
mvC 30.364 106 m
2
v A2 = vC2 4.526 106
(1)
Conservation of angular momentum:

vC =
rAmv A = rC mvC
rA
6.1618
vA =
v A = 1.0806v A
rC
5.7024
2
v A2 = (1.0806v A ) 4.526 106 v A = 5195.1 ft/s
v A = ( v A )circ v A = 5343.9 5195.1 = 148.8

v A = 148.8 ft/s !
(b) Conservation of energy (A and B)
Since rB = rC conservation of energy is the same as between
A and C
Conservation of angular momentum:
rAmv A = rB mvB sin ;

vB =
= 45
rA v A
6.1618 VA
=
= 1.5281v A
rB sin 45 5.7024 0.70711
From (1)
2
v A2 = (1.5281v A ) 4.526 106 v A = 1841.4 ft/s
v A = ( v A )circ v A = 5343.9 1841.4 = 3487.3

v A = 3503 ft/s !
For circular orbit of radius r0
GMm
v02
=
m
r0
r02
F = man
v02 =
GM
r0
But v0 forms an angle with the intended circular path
For elliptic orbit

r0mv0 cos = rAmv A

r
v A = 0 cos v0
rA
(1)
1 2 GMm 1 2
GMm
mv0 =
= mv A =
2
2
r0
rA
v02 v A2 =
2GM
r0
1
r0
rA
Substitute for v A from (1)

r 2
2GM
v02 1 0 cos 2 =
r0
rA
But
v02
r0
1
rA
r
1 0 cos 2 = 2 1 0
rA
rA
GM
=
thus
r0
r
r
cos 0 2 0 + 1 = 0
rA
rA
2
Solving for
r0
rA
r0
+ 2 4 4 cos 2
1 sin
=
=
2
rA
2 cos
1 sin 2
rA =
(1 + sin )(1 sin ) r

1 sin
= (1 sin ) r0
also valid for point A
Thus
rmax = (1 + sin ) r0
rmin = (1 sin ) r0 !
rA = 6370 km + 362 km = 6732 km

rA = 6.732 106 m
rB = 6370 km + 64.4 km = 6434.4 km
rB = 6.4344 106 m
R = 6370 km = 6.37 106 m
)(
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m
GM = 398.06 109 m3/s 2

TA =
TB =
1 2
mv A
2
1 2
mvB
2
VA =
GMm
398.06 109 m
=
= 59.130 106 m
rA
6.732 106
VB =
TA + VA = TB + VB :
GMm
398.06 109 m
=
= 61.86 106 m
rB
6.4344 106
1
1
mv A2 59.130 106 m = mvB2 61.86 106 m
2
2
v A2 = vB2 5.4609 106
(1)

rAmv A = rB mvB sin B
vB =
( rA ) vA
( rB )( sin B )
6732 1
vA
6434.4 sin 60
vB = 1.208v A
(2)
Substitute vB from (2) in (1)

2
2
v A2 = (1.208v A ) 5.4609 106 ; v A2 (1.208 ) 1 = 5.4609 106
v A2 = 11.8905 106 m 2 /s 2
v A = 3.448 km/s
v A = 3.45 km/s !
(a)
From (2)
vB = 1.208v A = 1.208 ( 3.45 km/s ) = 4.1655 km/s
(b)
vB = 4.17 km/s !
rA = 6370 km + 362 km
= 6732 km
rB = 6370 km + 64.4 km
= 6434.4 km
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m
GM = 0.39806 1015 m3/s 2
Velocity in circular orbit at 362 km altitude
F =
GMm
rA2
2
an =
m ( v A )circ
rA2
Newtons second law

2
F = man
( vA )circ
GM
=
rA
GMm m ( v A )circ
=
rA
rA2
0.39806 1015
= 7.69 103 m/s
6
6.732 10
Energy expenditure
From Problem 13.112,
v A = 3.448 103 m/s
Energy,
E112 =
1
1
2
m ( v A )circ mv A2
2
2
E112 =
1
m 7.690 103
2
1
m 3.448 103
2
E112 = 23.624 106 m J
( 23.624 10 m ) J
=
6
E113 = 0.50E112
Thus, additional kinetic energy at A is,
23.624 106 m
1
2
m ( v A ) = E113 =
2
2
(1)
Conservation of energy between A and B

TA =
1
2
2
m ( v A )circ + ( v A )
2
TB =
1 2
mvB
2
VA =
VB =
GMm
rA
GMm
rB
TA + VA = TB + VB
1
m 7.690 103
2
=
23.624 106 m 0.3980 1015 m
2
6.732 106
1 2 0.39806 1015 m
mvB
2
6.434 106
vB2 = 59.136 106 + 23.624 106 118.26 106 + 123.74 106

vB2 = 88.240 106
vB = 9.39 km/s !
Conservation of angular momentum between A and B
rAm ( v A )circ = rB mvB sin B
(
(
)
)
3
r ( v A )circ
( 6732 ) 7.690 10 = 0.8565
sin B = A
=
( 6434.4 ) 9.394 103
rB ( vB )
B = 58.9 !

rAmv A = rP mvP
vA =
rP
vP
rA
(1)
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
mvP
= mv A
2
2
rP
rA
(2)
Substituting for v A from (1) into (2)

2
vP2
r
2GM
2GM
= P vP2
rP
r
rA
A
rP 2
1 vP = 2GM 1 1
rA
rP rA
rA2 rP2 2
r rP
vP = 2GM A
2
rArP
rA
With
rA2 rP2 = ( rA rP )( rA + rP )
vP2 =
2GM rA
(3) !
rA + rP rP
Exchanging subscripts P and A

v A2 =
2GM rP

rA + rP rA
( QED ) !
See solution to Problem 13.113 (above) for derivation of Equation (3)

vP2 =
2GM rA
( rA + rP ) rP
Total energy at point P is

E = TP + VP =
1 2 GMm
mvP
2
rP
1 2GMm rA GMm
2 ( rA + r0 ) rP
rP
rA
1
= GMm

rP ( rA + rP ) rP
= GMm
( rA rA rP )
rP ( rA + rP )
E =
GMm
"
rA + rP
Note: Recall that gravitational potential of a satellite is defined as being

zero at an infinite distance from the earth.
(a) For a circular orbit of radius r

F = man :
GMm
v2
=
m
r
r2
v2 =
E = T +V =
GM
r
1 2 GMm
1 GMm
mv
=
2
r
2 r
(1)
Thus E required to pass from circular orbit of radius r1 to circular

orbit of radius r2 is
E = E1 E2 =
1 GMm 1 GMm
+
2 r1
2 r2
GMm ( r2 r1 )
(2) (Q.E.D.)
2r1r2
(b) For an elliptic orbit we recall Equation (3) derived in
E =
Problem 13.113 ( with vP = v1 )

v12 =
2Gm r2
( r1 + r2 ) r1
At point A: Initially spacecraft is in a circular orbit of radius r1

2
vcirc
=
Tcirc =
GM
r1
1 2
1 GM
mvcirc = m
2
2
r1
After the spacecraft engines are fired and it is placed on a

semi-elliptic path AB, we recall
v12 =
T1 =
And
2GM
( r1 + r2 )
r2
r1
1 2 1
2GMr2
mv1 = m
2
2 r1 ( r1 + r2 )
At point A, the increase in energy is

E A = T1 Tcirc =
E A =
1
2GMr2
1 GM
m
m
2 r1 ( r1 + r2 ) 2
r1
GMm ( 2r2 r1 r2 ) GMm ( r2 r1 )

=
2r1 ( r1 + r2 )
2r1 ( r1 + r2 )
E A =
r2 GMm ( r2 r1 )
2r1r2
r1 + r2
E A =
Recall Equation (2):
r2
E
( r1 + r2 )
A similar derivation at point B yields,

EB =
r1
( r1 + r2 )
( Q.E.D )
( Q.E.D )
If the point of intersection P0 of the circular and elliptic orbits is at an

end of the minor axis, then v0 is parallel to the major axis. This will be
the case only if + 90 = 0 , that is if cos 0 = sin we must
therefore prove that
cos 0 = sin
(1)
We recall from Equation (12.39):
1 GM
= 2 + C cos
r
h
When = 0,
r = rmin
and
(2)
rmin = r0 (1 sin )
1
GM
= 2 +C
r0 (1 sin )
h
(3)
r = rmax = r0 (1 + sin )
For = 180,
1
GM
= 2 C
r0 (1 + sin )
h
(4)
Adding (3) and (4) and dividing by 2:

GM
1
1
1
1
=
1 sin + 1 + sin =
2
2
r
2
h
r0 cos
0
Subtracting (4) from (3) and dividing by 2:

C =
C =
Substitute for
1
1
1
1 2sin
=
2r0 1 sin 1 + sin 2r0 1 sin 2
sin
r0 cos 2
GM
and C into Equation (2)
h2
1
1
=
(1 + sin cos )
r
r0 cos 2
(5)
Letting r = r0 and = 0 in Equation (5), we have

cos 2 = 1 + sin cos 0
cos 0 =
cos 2 1
sin 2
=
= sin
sin
sin
This proves the validity of Equation (1) and thus P0 is an end of the
minor axis of the elliptic orbit.
rA = R
(a)
Rmv0 sin 0 = rB mvB

rB = R + R = (1 + ) R
vB =
Rv0 sin 0
v sin 0
= 0
(1 + ) R (1 + )
(1)
Conservation of Energy
TA + VA = TB + VB
v02 vB2 =
1 2 GMm 1 2
GMm
= mvB
mv0
2
R
2
(1 + ) R
2GMm
1 2GMm
1
=
R
1+
R 1 +
Substitute for vB from (1)
sin 2 0 2GMm
=
v02 1
R 1 +
+
1
(
)
2GM
2
vesc
=
From Equation (12.43):
R
sin 2 0
2
= vesc
v02 1
1 +
(1 + )
sin 2 0
(1 + )2
sin 0 = (1 + )
v
= 1 esc
v0 1 +
vesc
1
1 + v0
Q.E.D.
(2)
(b) Allowable values of v0 ( for which maximum altitude = R )

0 sin 2 0 1
For sin 0 = 0, from (2)
2
v
0 = 1 esc
v0 1 +
v0 = vesc
1+
For sin 0 = 1, from (2)

2
(1 + )2
v
= 1 esc
v0 1 +
vesc
1
1 1 + 2 + 2 1 2 +
=
= 1 +
=
1+
(1 + )
1+
v0
v0 = vesc
1+
2+
vesc
1+
v0 vesc
1+
!
2+
mv 0 + 0 Fdt = mv 6
0 + 0 ( 20sin 2t ) i + ( 24 cos 2t ) j dt =
3
v6
32.2
0 + [ 10 cos 2t i + 12sin 2t j]0 =
3
v6
32.2
10 [ cos12 cos 0] i + 12 [sin12 sin 0] j = 0.09317 v 6

1.5615i 6.4389 j = 0.09317 v 6
v 6 = [16.759i 69.109 j] ft/s
v6 = 71.1 ft/s !
76.4 !
Fdt = mv m v 0
t
2
( ( 4t 8) i 2 j) dt = 4v = ( 2t 8t ) i 2tj
v = 0.5t 2 2t i 0.5 t j m/s
v = ( speed ) = 0.5t 2 2t
+ ( 0.5t )
= 0.25t 4 2t 3 + 4t 2 + 0.25 t 2
= t 2 0.25t 2 2t + 4.25
d
speed 2 = 2 t 0.25 t 2 2 t + 4.25 + t 2 [ 0.5 t 2]
dt
= t 3 6 t 2 + 8.5 t = 0
Roots:
t = 0, v = 0, t =
t=
At
6 36 4 ( 8.5 )
2
6 2
= 2.2929 s, 3.7071 s ( outside interval)
2
t = 2.2929 s, v = 1.9571i 1.1464 j

v = 2.27 m/s, max "
v1 = 12 km/h = 3.33 m/s
t1 2 = 10 s
v2 = 18 km/h = 5.00 m/s
mv1 + impulse1 2 = mv2
m ( 333 m/s ) + FN (10 s ) = m ( 5.00 m/s )

FN =
( 440 kg )( 5.00 m/s 3.3333 m/s )

10 s
= 73.33 N
FN = 73.3 N !
Note: FN is the net force provided by the sails. The force on the sails is actually greater and includes the force
needed to overcome the water resistance of the hull.
= 0
(a)
Ft = kWt = k mgt
mv A k mgt = mvB
9 0.30 ( 9.81) t = 0
t = 3.06 s !
= 20
(b)
Nt = Wtcos 20 = mgtcos 20
Ft = k Nt
mv A k mgcos 20t mgtsin 20 = 0
9 0.65 ( 9.81) cos 20 + 9.81sin 20 t = 0

9 9.81( 0.9528 ) t = 0
t = 0.963 s !
W = 20, 000 lb
m=
20, 000
= 621.118 lb s 2 ft
32.2
Momentum in the x direction

x: mv0 ( F + mg sin15 ) t = mv1
621.118 (108 ) ( F + mg sin15 ) 6 = ( 621.118 )( 36 )
F + mg sin15 = 7453.4
(a)
F = 7453.4 20,000 sin15 = 2277 lb

F = 2280 lb !
(b)
mv0 ( F + mg sin15 ) t = 0
t = total time
621.118 (108 ) 7453.4 t = 0;
t = 9.00 s
Additional time = 9 6 = 3 s !
W = 20, 000 lb
m=
20, 000
= 621.118 lb s 2 ft
32.2
Momentum, x: mv0 ( F + mg sin15 ) t = mv1
v
621.118 ( v0 ) ( F + mg sin15 )( 5.5 ) = 621.118 0
2
310.559 v0 = ( F + mg sin15 )( 5.5 )
(1)
1
1
mv02 ( F + mg sin15) x = mv12
2
2
310.559 v02 ( F + mg sin15)( 540) =
3 310.559 v02
4
310.559 v02
4
) = ( F + mg sin15)(540)
Using (1) eliminate ( F + mg sin15) :

310.559 v0 =
v0 =
(a)
(b)
( F + mg sin15) =
3 310.559 v02 5.5
4
180
( 4 )( 540 ) = 130.909 ft
3 ( 5.5 )
s = 89.3 mi h !
310.559 v0 ( 310.559 )(130.909 )

=
= 7391.8
5.5
5.5
F = ( 7391.8 20000 sin15) = 2215 lb

F = 2220 lb !
v2 = 100 km h = 27.777 m s
v1 = 80 km h = 22.222 m s
(a)
0 F dt = F ( 8) = m ( v2 v1 ) = m (100 80 ) 3600
1000
F = 0.69444 m
on the level
on the up grade
x : 0 ( F mg sin 6) dt = m ( v10 27.777 )
10
0.69444 m (10) m ( 9.81) sin 6 (10) = m ( v10 27.777 )

(a)
v10 27.777 = 3.3098, v10 = 24.468 m s
F = 0.69444 m
v10 = 88.1 km h !
(b)
0 ( F mg sin 6 ) dt = m ( 60 100 ) 3600
1000
0.69444 m m ( 9.81) sin 6 t = m ( 11.111)
t = 33.6 s !
W = (20)(9.81) = 196.2 N
Impulse diagonally (assume sliding)

x : [ P cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.3 N ] ( 6) = 20 (15)
y : [ N 196.2 cos 20 P sin 20] ( 6) = 0
15
P cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.3[196.2 cos 20 + P sin 20] = 20 = 50
6
P ( cos 20 0.3 sin 20 ) = 50 + 67.104 + 55.310
P = 205.97 N
Check s
Static value
0.4 N = 0.4 (196.2 cos 20 + P sin 20 )
P cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.4 N = 0

P ( cos 20 0.4 sin 20) = 196.2 sin 20 + 78.48 cos 20 = 140.85
Pstatic = 175.4 N < 206 N
P = 206 N !
v1 = 55mi h = 80.667 ft s
Use impulse momentum
x-Direction
m v1 s m gt = 0
t=
v1
80.667 ft s
=
s g ( 0.4 ) 32.2 ft s 2
)
t = 6.26 s !
Since this is the shortest time the load can be brought to rest and the load does not slide it is also the shortest
time the rig can be brought to rest.
t =4
t = 0 F dt = m ( v2 v1 )
4
0 ( 5P 40 ) dt = ( 40 32.2 ) ( 2 ( 3) )
20 P 40 ( 4 ) = ( 40 32.2 )( 5 )
(a)
P = ( 6.2112 + 160 ) 20
P = 8.31 lb !
(b)
t
0 ( 5P 40 ) dt = ( 40 32.2 ) ( 0 ( 3) )
5 Pt 40 t = ( 40 32.2 )( 3)
t = 2.4 s !
(a) Combined
v = 90 km h = 25 m s
W1 = ( 6500 )( 9.81) = 63765 N; W2 = ( 3600 )( 9.81) = 35316 N
N1 = W1;
N 2 = W2
F = 0.75 N1
Impulse = 0 mv0
0.75 N1t = 10,100 kg ( 25 m s )

t=
10,100 ( 25 )
= 5.2798 s t = 5.28 s !
( 0.75)( 63765)
(b) Second trailer alone
Impulse = C t = m2v
C ( 5.2798 ) = 3600 kg ( 25 m s )
C = 17046 N
C = 17.05 kN !
Compression
(a)
v1 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
Entire train
mA + mB = 18 + 13 = 31 Mg = 31 103 kg
0 = (19000 N + 19000 N ) t1 2 + 31 103 kg ( 20 m/s )
( 31 10 kg ) ( 20 m/s ) = 16.3158 s
=
3
t1 2
38000 N
t1 2 = 16.32 s !
(b)
Car A
mA = 18 Mg = 18 103 kg;
t1 2 = 16.32 s
0 = (19000 N ) + FC [16.32 s ] + (18000 kg )( 20 m/s )
FC = 3058.8 N
FC = 3.06 kN T !
(a)
Entire train
v1 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
mA + mB = 18 + 13 = 31 Mg = 31000 kg
0 = (19000 N ) t1 2 + ( 31000 kg )( 20 m/s )
t1 2 = 32.63 s
t1 2 = 32.6 s !
(b)
Car A
0 = FC t1 2 + mAv1;
FC =
(18000 kg )( 20 m/s )
( 32.63 s )
t1 2 = 32.63 s
= 11033 N
FC = 11.03 kN T !
Constraint: v A
A:
B:
x
x
= 3 vB
20 ( 0.5 ) sin 30 T ( 0.5 ) =
3T ( 0.5 ) 16 ( 0.5 ) sin 30 =
20
vA
32.2
16
16 v A
vB =
32.2
32.2 ( 3)
Substituting for T(0.5) from the equation for A into the equation for B
Impulse diagrams
From A:
T ( 0.5 ) = 5 0.62112 v A
15 1.8634 vA 4 =
0.4969 v A
3
2.029 v A = 11
vA = 5.4214
(a)
v A = 5.42 ft/s
30 !
T ( 0.5 ) = 5 0.62112 ( 5.4214 )

T = 3.2653 lb
(b)
T = 3.27 lb !
l 3 ( xC x A ) + ( xC xB ) + ( d xB )
Constraint:
4 vC 2 vB 3 v A = 0
For
v A , vB
At t = 0,
4 (15ft/s ) 2 vB 3 ( 9 ft/s ) = 0,
(2) 3Tt 4t =
Given
20
( vA 9 )
32.2
and
(3) 4Tt 4t =
(1)
vC +
20
( vC 15)
32.2
vB = 16.5 ft/s
(4) 2Tt 2t =
10
( vB 16.5)
32.2
t = 0.5 s 4 Equations in T, vA, vB, vC

3 v A 2vB + 4 vC = 0
(1)
1.5 T 0.6211 v A = 3.5901 (2)

2T 0.6211 vC = 7.3168 (3)
T 0.31056 vB = 4.1242 (4)
From the solution of the above equations.

(a)
(b)
v A = 6.07 ft/s
"
vB = 13.7 ft/s
"
vC = 11.4 ft/s
"
T = 0.1212 lb "
Kinematics
Length of cable is constant.
L = 2X A + X B
dL
= 2v A + vB = 0
dt
vB = 2v A
( v A )2
= 0.6 m/s
Collar A
mA = 15 kg
( mAvA )1 + ( 2T )( t1 2 ) WAt1 2
= m ( v A )2
0 + 2T (15 9.81) t1 2 = (15 )( 0.6 )
(T
73.575 ) t1 2 = 4.5
(1)
Collar B
mB = 10 kg
( vB ) 2
= 2 ( v A )2 = 1.2 m/s
( mBvA )1 T ( t1 2 ) + WB ( t1 2 ) = ( mBvB )2
0 + (10 9.81) T ( t1 2 ) = 10 (1.2 )
(2)
Add Equation (1) and Equation (2) (eliminating T)
( 98.1 73.575) t1 2
t1 2 =
16.5
= 0.673 s
24.52
= 4.5 + 12
t = 0.673 s !
Lets find out if they slide assume they dont slide and find the required angle for impending motion
Fy = 0; N A mA g cos i = 0; N A = mA g cos i
Fx = 0; s N A mA g sin i = 0
s m A g cos i = m A g sin i
tan i = s = 0.3
so
i = 16.7 so they slide
Assume they slide at the same velocity (remain in contact)

impulse momentum
x - dir
0 + ( mA g + mB g ) t sin ( kA N A + kB N B ) t = ( mA + mB ) v
(a) Solve for v
v=
( mA g + mB g ) t sin [ k A mA g cos
m A + mB
+ k B mB g cos ] t
( 6 + 9 )( 9.81)( 3) sin 20 ( 0.25)( 6 ) + 0.15 ( 9 ) 9.81 cos 20 ( 3)

6+9
v = 4.811 m/s
v A = vB = 4.81 m/s
(b) Just look at AB
So
0 + mB gt sin FABt k N Bt = mBvB
FAB =
=
mB gt sin k ( mB g cos ) t mBvB

t
( 9 )( 9.81)( 3) sin 20 0.15 ( 9 )( 9.81) cos 20 ( 3) ( 4.81)( 9 )

3
= 3.319 N
F AB = 3.32 N !
Since this is positive our assumption that the blocks stay in contact is correct
The block does not move until
P = 2 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 19.62 N
From t = 0 to t = 2 s
P = 20t
t =
Thus, the block starts to move when
19.62
= 0.981 s
20
0 < t < 2s
(a) For
P = 20t
t1 = 0.981 s
t2 = 2 s, v1 = 0
mv1 + t 2 Pdt W ( t2 t1 ) = mv2

1
t
0 + 0.981 20t dt ( 2 9.81)( 2 0.981) = 2v2

2
v2 =
1 20 N
2
2
2
s
0.981
s
19.62
N
2
s
0.981
s
(
)
(
)
(
)(
)
2 kg 2 s
v2 = 5.1918 m/s
v2 = 5.19 m/s !
(b) From t = 2 s to t = 3 s
v2 = 5.19 m/s, from (a)
P = 40 N
t2 = 2 s
2 s t 3s
t3 = 3 s
mv2 + t 3 Pdt W ( t3 t2 ) = mv3

2
t
2 ( 5.1918 ) + 2 40dt (19.62 )( 3 2 ) = 2v3

3
v3 = ( 5.1918 m/s ) +
1
( 20.38 N )(1 s )
( 2 kg )
v3 = 5.1918 + 10.19 = 15.3818 m/s

v3 = 15.38 m/s !
(a) Determine time at which collar starts to move.

P = 20t , 0 < t < 2 s
Collar moves when
P = 2 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ,
t =
or
P
19.62
=
= 0.981 s
20
20
mv1 + 0.981 Pdt 0.981Wdt = mv2
t < 2s
For
2s < t < 3s
t > 3s
t < 3s
For
P = 20t ( N )
P = 40 N
P=0
W = 2 kg 9.81 m/s 2
The maximum velocity occurs when the total impulse is maximum.
area ABCD = maximum impulse

=
1
( 20.38 N )(1.019 s ) + ( 20.38 N )(1 s )
2
area ABCD = 30.76 N s

0 + 30.76 N s = ( 2 kg ) vmax
vmax = 15.38 m/s !

(b) Velocity is zero when total impulse is zero at t + t.
For
Thus,
0.981 s < t < 3 s, impulse = 19.62t ( N s )

total impulse = 0 = 30.76 19.62t
t = 1.57 s
Time to zero velocity t = 3 s + 1.57 s = 4.57 s !
(a)
P = 20 4t
t
mv1 W sin 30t + Pdt = mv2

0
0
5
12sin 30 ( 5 ) + ( 20 4t ) dt =
0
12
v2
32.2
30 + 20t 2t 2 = 0.37267v2
0
v2 = 53.7 ft/s !
(b) After t = 5 s,
P=0
v5 = 53.7 ft/s, t is time after 5 s

mv5 12sin 30t = 0
12
( 53.7 ) = 6t t = 3.34 s;
32.2
t = 5 + t
t = 8.34 s !
p = C1 C2t ,
C1 = p0 ,
where
p0
1.6 103
C2 =
0.70 oz
16 oz
0.04375
1 lb
=
m=
g
g
A=
1.6103
0.12566 0
( 0.4 )2
( C1 C2t ) dt
= 0.12566 m 2
0.04375 ( 2100 ft/s )
(32.2 ft/s )
2
= 2.85326
1.6103
2
C1t C2t
2
(1.6 10 s )
s( p )
3
1.6 10
= 22.706
p0
= 22.706
1.6 103 s
(1.6 10 s ) p
3
= 22.706
p0 = 28.383 lb/in 2
p0 = 28.4 ksi !
1
m = 2 oz (1 lb/16 oz )
= 0.003882 lb s 2 /ft
2
32.2 ft/s
Conservation of energy (before impact)
1
1
2
m v12 + mgh1 = m v12 + v Ay
2
2
1
1
2
2
m ( 54) + m ( 32.2) ( 4.5) = m 542 + v Ay
2
2
v Ay = 17.0235 ft/s (Just before impact)
Conservation of energy (after impact)
1
1
2
m vAy2 + v22 = m ( v2 ) + mg h2
2
2
1
1
2
2
m vAy2 + ( 30) = m ( 30) + m ( 32.2)( 3)
2
2
vAy = 13.8996 ft/s (Just after impact)
x : 0.003882 ( 54) FH ( 0.004) = 0.003882 ( 30) , FH = 23.292 lb

y : 0.003882 (17.0235) + Fv ( 0.004) = 0.003882 (13.8996) , Fv = 30.011 lb
FI = impulsive force
FI = 38.0 lb
52.2 !
v1 = 30 ft/s
v2 = 36 ft/s
t = 0.18 s
mv1 + ( P W ) t = mv2
Vertical components
0 + ( PV W ) ( 0.18 ) =
W
( 36sin 50)
g
PV W = 4.758 W
PV = 5.76 W !
Use impulsemomentum for bullet

Knowns:
m = 0.028 kg,
v1 = 650 m/s,
v2 = 500 m/s,
x-dir
mv1 cos 20 Fx t = mv2 cos10
So,
Fx t = mv1 cos 20 mv2 cos10
= 0.028 ( 650) cos 20 0.028 ( 500) cos10 = 3.3151 N s

y -dir
mv1 sin 20+ Fy t = mv2 sin10
So,
Fy t = mv2 sin10 + mv1 sin 20
= 0.028 ( 500 ) sin10 + 0.028 ( 650 ) sin 20 = 8.6558 N s
We need t. The average velocity is 600 m/s

x = vave t; t =
x
0.05 m
=
= 83.33 106 s
vave 600 m/s
So
3.3151
= 39.78 kN
6
83.33 10
F = 111.2 kN
8.6558
Fy =
= 103.87 kN
83.33 106
Fx =
m ( 0.15 ) (18 ) ( 0.15 ) = m ( 0.5 )&2 ( 0.5 )
&2 = 1.62 rad/s

2
2
1
1
m 0.15 (18) = m 0.5 (1.62) + R& 2
2
2
R& = 2.5756 m/s
Motion relative to the rod:
(1.5) ( 2.5756) F t = 0
F t = 3.86 N s !
v2 = 38 m/s
mv1 +
0.5 103
0 + 0
t0
0 Fdt = mv2
Fm sin
0.5 103
dt = ( 0.045 kg )( 38 m/s )
Fm = 5.37 kN !
(a) Force on the belt is opposite to the direction shown.
v1 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s,
mv1 Fdt = mv2
m = 100 kg
Fdt = Favet
t
(100 kg )( 20 m/s ) Fave ( 0.110 s ) = 0
(100 )( 20 ) = 18182 N
Fave =
( 0.110 )
= 0.110 s
Fave = 18.18 kN !
(b)
Impulse = area under F t diagram

=
1
Fm ( 0.110 s )
2
From (a)
Impulse = Fave t
= (18182 N )( 0.110 s )
1
Fm ( 0.110 ) = 18182 ( 0.110 )
2
Fm = 36.4 kN !
1
mB = (100) ( 2000)
= 6211.18 lb s 2 /ft
32.2
1
mT = (120) ( 2000)
= 7453.42 lb s 2 /ft
32.2
0 + F t = mB vB = ( 6211.18) vB
mT ( 6) F t = mT vT
( 7453.42 ) ( 6 ) F t = ( 7453.42 ) vT
constraint:
Solving;
vT /B = vT vB = 5.4 ft/s
7453.42 ( 6 ) = ( 6211.18 ) [ vT 5.4] + 7453.42 vT
(13664.6) vT = 78260.9
vT = 5.7273 ft/s
vT = 5.73 ft/s
(a)
vB = 5.7273 ft/s 5.4 ft/s = 0.3273 ft/s

F t = mB vB = ( 6211.18) ( 0.3273) = 2032 lb s
(b)
F t = 2030 lb s !
WB =
1
1 1
2
lb = 0.0625 lb; mB =
= 0.001941 lb s /ft
16
16 32.2
Wblock = 8 lb; mB = 0.248447 lb s 2 /ft
Initial impact (Bullet + Block)
x : mB v0 cos 30+ 0 = ( mB + mblock ) v
(1)
y : mB v0 sin 30+ F t = 0
(2)
After impact
x : ( mB + mblock ) v ( mB + mblock ) ( 32.2 ) (1.2 ) sin15 = 0

v gt sin15 = 10.001 ft/s
From (1)
(WB + Wblock )
v
g
= (8.0625) (10.001)
v0 =
WB
0.0625cos 30
g cos 30
(a)
v0 = 1489.7 ft/s
v0 = 1490 ft/s !
(b) Bullet alone
mB v0 = ( 0.001941) (1489.7 ) = 2.8915; mB v = ( 0.001941) (10.001) = 0.01941

x
y
:
:
Solve:
mB v0 cos15 + Fx t = mB v cos15
mB v0 sin15 + Fy t = mB v sin15
Fx t = 2.7742
Fy t = 0.7534 F t = 2.87 lb s !
v A = v A/B + v B : v A =
30
+
3.59 m/s
m A v Ax + mB vBx = 0
vB
2 [3.59 cos 30 vB ] + 10 ( vB ) = 0
vB = 0.518 m/s Just before impact
After impact,
(a)
v A = vB = 0
F t = mA v A =
"
(b)
Loss = T , just before impact =
1
1
2 v A2 +
10 vB2
2
2
2
2
6.3038
T =
+ 5 ( 0.51817 ) = 11.28 J "
2
mA = 75 kg,
(a)
mB = 50 kg, mC = 200 kg ( Boat )
Swimmers dive simultaneously
mC vC
0 = mC vC + ( mA + mB ) v2
(1)
Relative velocity of swimmers with respect to the boat is 3 m/s
v2 vC = 3 m/s v2 = vC + 3
Substitute into (1)
0 = mC vC + ( m A + mB ) ( vC + 3)
Solve
vC =
3 ( mA + mB )
mA + mB + mC
3 ( 75 + 50)
( 75 + 50 + 200)
vC = 1.154 m/s
(b)
A dives first and then B
x-dir
0 = ( mC + mB ) vC2 mA v2
(2)
continued
vC vC2 = 3 v2 = vC2 + 3
Relative velocity
Substitute into (2)
0 = ( mC + mB ) vC2 m A vC2 + 3
Solve for vC2
vC2 =
3mA
mA + mB + mC
(3)
Now look at C and B.
x-dir.
( mC + mB ) vC2 = mC vC3 + mB v3
(4)
Relative velocity
v3 vC2 = 3 v3 = vC3 + 3
Substitute into (4)
( mC + mB ) vC2 = mC vC3 + mB ( vC2 + 3)

so
vC3 =
mC + mB
3mB
vC2
mC + mB
mC + mB
(5)
vC3 =
3m A
3mB
m A + mB + mC mC + mB
(6)
Substituting (3) into (5)
with numbers
75
50
vC3 = 3
+
= 1.2923
75 + 50 + 200 200 + 50
vC3 = 1.292 m/s
(c)
Swimmer B dives first solution is the same as for (b) except switch mA and mB
3mB
3m A
vC3 =
m A + mB + mC mC + m A
50
75
= 3
+
= 1.280
75 + 50 + 200 200 + 75
vC3 = 1.280 m/s
3 1
mball =
= 0.005823
16 32.2
14 1
mplate =
= 0.027174
16 32.2
v y = 2 g ( 4.8) = 17.582 ft/s
(a)
vy = 2 g (1.8) = 10.7666 ft/s
Conservation of momentum
mball v y + 0 = mball vy + mplate vplate
( 0.005823) (17.582) + 0 = ( 0.005823) (10.7666) + ( 0.027174) vplate

vplate
= 6.0747 ft/s
(b)
vplate
= 6.07 ft/s
Energy loss
(T
Initial energy
Final energy
(T
+ V )2 =
+ V )1 =
1
( 0.005823) ( 6)2 + ( 0.005823) g ( 4.8) = 1.0048
2
1
1
( 0.005823) ( 6)2 + ( 0.005823) g (1.8) + ( 0.027174) ( 6.0747) 2
2
2
= 0.9437
Energy lost
= (1.0048 0.9437 ) ft lb =
0.0611 ft lb !
Before impact
T1 = 0, V1 = mgh = ( 30 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 2 m ) = 588.6 N
T2 =
1 2
mv , V2 = 0
2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 588.6 =
1
( 30 ) v 2 v = 6.2642 m/s
2
(a) Rigid columns
mv + F t = 0
30 ( 6.2642 ) = F t
F t = 187.93 N s
on the block
F t = 187.9 N s !
All of the kinetic energy of the block is absorbed by the chain.

T =
1
( 30 )( 6.2642 )2 = 588.6 J
2
E = 589 J !
(b)
Elastic columns
Momentum of system of block and beam is conserved

mv = ( M + m ) v
Referring to figure in Part (a)
v =
m
30
v=
( 6.2642 ) = 1.2528 m/s
m+M
150
mv + F t = mv
F t = m ( v v ) = 30 ( 6.2642 1.2528 ) = 150.34

F t = 150.3 N s !
E =
1 2 1
30
120
2
2
2
mv mv2 =
6.2642 ) (1.2528 )
1.2528 )
(
(
2
2
2
2
= 565.06 94.170 = 470.89
E = 471J !
T =
Before impact
(a) For
mA = ,
1
1
mH vH2 = (0.75) (6) 2 = 13.5 J
2
2
T2 = 0
So,
Energy absorbed = 13.5 J!
0
Impulse = mH (vH v2 ) = (0.75) (6) = 4.5 N s !

(b) mA = 4 kg
y-dir
mH vH = (m A + mH ) v2
v2 =
So
T2 =
mH vH
(0.75) (6)
=
= 0.9474 m/s
mA + mH
(4 + 0.75)
1
1
(mA + mH ) v22 = (4 + 0.75) (0.9474) 2 = 2.1316 J
2
2
Energy absorbed = T1 T2 = 13.5 2.1316
E = 11.37 J !
System = hammer
y-dir :
mH vH F t = mH v2
So
F t = mH (vH v2 )
= 0.75(6 0.9474)
= 3.79
F t = 3.79 N s !
v = 96 mi/h = 140.8 ft/s

m=
t =
5
/g = 0.3125/g
16
d
vAVE
8
12
=
= 0.02667 s
25
0.3125
(140.8) FAVE ( 0.02667 ) = 0
g
FAVE = 51.2 lb !
For the sphere at A immediately before and after the cord becomes taut
mv0 + F t = mv A
mv0 sin F t = 0
m=
F t = 0.8 lb s
4
g
4
( sin 65.38) v0 = 0.8
g
v0 = 7.08 ft/s !
(a)
Conservation of total momentum
mv A mvB = 2mv
v =
1
( v A vB ) !
2
(b) Energy loss

EL = TA + TB (TA + TB )
EL =
1
1
m v A2 + vB2 m v2 + v2
2
2
From (a)
v =
1
( v A vB )
2
EL =
1
1 1
2
m v A2 + vB2 m ( v A vB )
2
2 2
EL =
1
1
m v A2 + vB2 m v A2 2v AvB + vB2
2
4
EL =
1 2
1
2
m v A + 2v AvB + vB2 = m ( v A + vB ) !
4
4
Before impact
After impact
m v A + m vB = m vA + m vB
(1)
vB vA = e (v A vB )
vA =
From (1) and (2) solve for vA , vB
(2)
(v A vB ) 0.5 (v A vB )
2
vB =
(v A + vB ) + 0.5(v A vB )
2
(a) vA = (v A + 3vB ) / 4 !
vB = (3 v A + vB ) / 4 !
(b) Loss of energy =

Loss of energy =
m
2
m 2
m 2
(v A + vB2 )
(vA + vB2 )
2
2
1 2
2
2
2
2
2
v A + vB 16 (v A + 6 v A vB + 9 vB + 9 v A + 6 v A vB + vB )
Loss of energy =
3m
(v A vB ) 2 !
16
System = A + B
(a) x-dir
m A v A mB vB = m A vA + mB vB
(1)
Unknowns vB , vA
Coefficient of restitution
vBr vAr = e (v Ar vBr )
For our problem

vB vA = e (v A + vB )
With numbers
(2)
m A = 0.6; mB = 0.9; v A = 4 m/s; vB = 2 m/s
Solve 2 equations and 2 unknowns

vA = 2.3 m/s;
vB = 2.2 m/s
vA = 2.3 m/s
vB = 2.2 m/s
(b) Energy lost

T1 =
T2 =
1
1
1
1
m A v 2A + mB vB2 = (0.6) (4) 2 + (0.9) (2) 2 = 6.6 J
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
mA ( vA ) + mB ( vB ) = (0.6) (2.3) 2 + (0.9) (2.2) 2 = 3.765 J
2
2
2
2
E = T1 T2 = 2.835J
E = 2.84 J !
System = A + B
x-dir
m A v A mB vB = m A vA + mB vB
(1)
Unknowns e, vA
vB vA = e (v A + vB )
Where,
v A = 4 m/s;
m A = 0.6 kg;
vB = 2 m/s;
(2)
vB = 2.5 m/s
mB = 0.9 kg
Solve 2 equations and 2 unknowns

vA = 2.75 m/s; e = 0.875
e = 0.875 !
mA v A + mB vB = mA vA + mB vB
1.2
2.4
1.2
=
+0
gv A
g
gvA
gs cancel
(1)
From restitution
0.8 =
vA
, vA = 0.8 v A + 14.4
v A + 18
(2)
(a) Velocity of A before impact from equations (1) and (2)
1.2 v A 43.2 = 1.2(0.8 v A + 14.4) = 0.96 v A 17.28

2.16 v A = 25.92
v A = 12 ft/s
(b) Velocity of A after impact

vA = 0.8(12) + 14.4
vA = 24 ft/s

m A v A + mB vB = mA vB + mB vB gs cancel
1.2
2.4
2.4
(24 ft/s)
vB = 0 +
vB
g
g
g
(1)
From restitution
0.2 =
vB
, vB = 4.8 + 0.2vB
24 + vB
(2)
(a) Velocity of B before impact from equations (1) and (2)

28.8 2.4vB = 2.4 (4.8 + 0.2vB ) = 11.52 + 0.48vB
2.88 vB = 17.28
vB = 6 ft/s
vB = 6 ft/s
(b) Velocity of B after impact

vB = 4.8 + 0.2 (6)
(a) Total momentum conserved

mAv A + mBvB = mAvA + mBv
6
v0
mB 1
( 6 kg ) v0 + mB ( v0 ) = 0 + mBv v =
(1)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = vB vA
v = 2v0e
(2)
From equations (1) and (2)

6
6
2v0e =
v0 2v0 ( 0.5 ) =
v0
mB 1
mB 1
mB = 3 kg !
(b) Using
Gives,
6
2v0e =
v0
mB 1
2e + 1 =
6
6
mB =
2e + 1
mB
e = 0, mB = 6 kg
e = 1, mB = 2 kg
2 kg mB 6 kg !
(a) First collision (between A and B)

The total momentum is conserved
mv A + mvB = mvA + mvB

v0 = vA + vB
(1)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = ( vB vA )
v0e = vB vA
(2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously
vA =
v0 (1 e )
!
2
vB =
v0 (1 + e )
!
2
(b) Second collision (Between B and C)

The total momentum is conserved.
mvB + mvC = mvB + mvC

Using the result from (a) for vB
v0 (1 + e )
+ 0 = vB + vC
2
(3)
Relative velocities
( vB 0 ) e = vC
vB
Substituting again for vB from (a)
v0
(1 + e )
2
( e ) = vC
vB
(4)
continued
Solving equations (3) and (4) simultaneously

vC =
(e)
1 v0 (1 + e )
+ v0 (1 + e )
2
2
2
2
v (1 + e )
vC = 0
!
4
2
vB =
v0 (1 e )
!
4
(c) For n spheres
n Balls
n 1th collision
We note from the answer to part (b), with n = 3
vn = v3 = vC =
v3 =
or
v0 (1 + e )
4
( 3 1)
v0 (1 + e )
2(
3 1)
Thus for n balls

vn =
( n 1)
v0 (1 + e )
2(
n 1)
(d) For n = 8, e = 0.90

From the answer to part (c) with n = 8
vB =
(8 1)
v0 (1 + 0.9 )
2(
8 1)
v0 (1.9 )
( 2 )7
v8 = 0.698v0 !
(a)
Packages A and B
Total momentum conserved
mAv A + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB

16
16
8
( 6 ) = vA + vB 16vA + 8vB = 96
g
g
g
2vA + vB = 12 (1)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = vB vA
vB vA = 0.3 ( 6 ) = 1.8
(2)
Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously

vA = 3.4 ft/s
vB = 5.2 ft/s
Packages B and C
mBvB + mC vC = mBvB + mC vC
8
8
12
( 5.2 ) = vB + vC
g
g
g
4vB + 6vC = 20.8
(3)
vB vC vB = 0.3 ( 5.2 ) = 1.56
(4)
Relative velocities
( vB vC ) e = vC
continued
Solving (3) and (4) simultaneously

vC = 2.70 ft/s
vB = 1.144 ft/s
(b) Packages A and B (second time)
mAvA + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB

16
8
16
8
( 3.4 ) + (1.144 ) = vA + vB ; 2vA + vB = 7.944
g
g
g
g
(5)
( vA vB ) e = vB vA
( 3.4 1.144 )( 0.3) = 0.6768 = vB vA;
v A + vB = 0.6768
(6)
vA = 2.42 ft/s
Impact
v An = 2.5 cos 40 = 1.915 m/s

v At = 2.5 sin 40 = 1.607 m/s
vBn = 2 m/s
vBt = 0
Impulse-momentum
Unknowns vAn , vBn , vAt , vBt

System
A+B
n-dir
mA v An + mBvBn = mAvAn + mBvBn
(1)
vBn vAn = e ( v An vBn )
(2)
Solve (1) and (2) for vAn + vBn

vAn = 0.7493 m/s;
vBn = 2.1870 m/s
System A t-dir
mA v At = m A vAt vAt = 1.607 m/s
continued
System B t-dir
mB vBt = mB vBt vBt = 0 m/s
Resolve into components

Ball A
vA = (0.7493) 2 + (1.607) 2 = 1.773 m/s
0.7493
= 25.0
1.607
= tan 1
= 40 25 = 15.0
vA = 1.773 m/s
So
Ball B
vB = 2.19 m/s
Ball A t-dir
mv0 sin = mvAt vAt = v0 sin
Ball B t-dir
0 = mB vBt vBt = 0
Ball A + B n-dir
mv0 cos + 0 = m vAn + m vBn
(1)
vBn
vAn = e (v An vBn )
vBn vAn = e (v0 cos 0)
(2)
Solve (1) and (2)

1 e
1 + e
vAn = v0
cos ; vBn = v0
cos
2
2
With numbers
e = 0.8; = 45
vAt = v0 sin 45 = 0.707 v0
1 0.8
vAn = v0
cos 45 = 0.0707 v0
2
vBt = 0
1 + 0.8
vBn = v0
cos 45 = 0.6364 v0
2
continued
(A)
1
v" A = (0.707 v0 )2 + (0.0707v0 ) 2 2
= 0.711v0
0.0707
= 5.7106
0.707
= tan 1
So
= 45 5.7106 = 39.3
(B)
vA = 0.711v0
"
vB = 0.636 v0
"
Angle of impulse force from geometry
= cos 1
6
= 22.62
6.5

Ball A:
: mAv A F t ( cos ) + 0 = mAvA
(1)
Ball B:
F t = mBvB
Restitution ( v A = v0 )
continued
Approach
Separation
vB vA cos = e ( v0 cos ) ;
Using equations (1) and (2) x
vB = ( vA + ev0 ) cos
: mAv A = mBvB cos + mAvA
(17.5 /g )( 6 ft/s ) = (1.6 /g ) vB
6
+ (17.5 /g ) vA
6.5
gs cancel
6 6
6
Substituting for vB ; 105 = 1.6
4.8
+ vA
+ 17.5 vA
6.5 6.5
6.5
vA = 5.22 ft/s
vB = 9.25 ft/s
22.6!
Angle of impulse force from geometry
= cos 1
6
= 22.62
6.5

Ball A:
: mAv A F t ( cos ) + 0 = mAvA
(1)
: F t cos = mBvB
(2)
Ball B:
Restitution
( vA v0 )
continued
Approach
Separation
vB cos vA cos = e ( v A cos ) ;

Using Equations (1) and (2)
vB vA = 4.8
(3)
: mAv A = mBvB + m AvA
(17.5 /g )( 6 ) = (1.6 /g ) vB + (17.5 /g ) vA

Substituting for vB from (3)
gs cancel
105 = 1.6 ( 4.8 + vA ) + 17.5 vA

vA = 5.10 ft/s
vB = 9.90 ft/s
Angle of impulse force from geometry of A and B
6
= 22.62
6.5
= cos 1
Ball A:
Ball B:
Restitution
Separation
Approach
e=
A:
vBn vAn
v An vBn
6
vA cos ( + 22.6 ) + vB
6.5
e =1=
6
6
6.5
(1)
mAv A sin = m AvA sin ( + 22.6 )
2.5
6
= vA sin ( + 22.6 )
6.5
(2)
continued
A + B:
m Av A = mAvA cos + mB vB
( 58 /g )( 6 ) = ( 58 /g ) vA cos + ( 5.3 /g ) vB gs cancel

Equations (1), (2), and (3) in vA , vB and
vA = 5.027 ft/s; vB = 10.838 ft/s; = 0.08218 rad = 4.71
vA = 5.03 ft/s
4.71 !
vB = 10.84 ft/s
(a)
m A = mB = m
Before
After
t-Direction
Momentum of A is conserved.
mv A sin = m ( vA )t
( vA )t
= v A sin
Momentum of B is conserved.
mvB cos = m ( vB )t
( vB )t
= vB cos
n-Direction
Total momentum is conserved.
mv A cos mvB sin = m ( vA )n + m ( vB )n
( vA )n + ( vB )n
= v A cos vB sin
(1)
Relative velocities (coefficient of restitution)

e =1
( vB )n ( vA )n
= (1)( v A cos + vB sin )
(2)
Adding Equation (1) and (2)
(1) (2)
( vB )n
= v A cos
( vA )n
= vB sin
continued
Thus, after impact
tan =
vA
vB
tan
vA
vB
Thus = and vA vB !
(b) Using the results from (a)

vA =
( vA )t2 + ( vA )2n
v A2 sin 2 + vB2 sin 2
vA = sin 30
vB =
( vB )t2 + ( vB )2n
= 25 ft/s !
vB2 cos 2 + v A2 cos 2
vB = cos 30
= = tan 1
( 30 )2 + ( 40 )2
( 40 )2 + ( 30 )2
= 43.3 ft/s !
vA
30
= tan 1
= 36.9
vB
40
= 180 ( + 90 ) = 90 !

(a) Since vB is in the x-direction and (assuming no friction), the
common tangent between A and B at impact must be parallel to the
y-axis
tan =
Thus
250
150 D
= tan 1
250
= 70.20
150 60
= 70.2 !
(b) Conservation of momentum in x(n) direction
mv A cos + m ( vB )n = m ( vA )n + mvB
(1) cos ( 70.20 ) + 0 = ( vA )n + vB

0.3387 = ( vA )n + ( vB )
(1)
Relative velocities in the n direction

e = 0.9
( vA cos ( vB )n ) e = vB ( vA )n
( 0.3387 0 )( 0.9 ) = vB ( vA )n
(2)
(1) + (2)
2vB = 0.3387 (1.9 )
vB = 0.322 m/s !
Momentum: v A cos + 0 = v Ax + vB
Restitution:
( v A cos
vB vAx = 0.9 v A cos
vAx ) vAx = 0.9 v A cos

vAx =
1
0.1(1) cos 70.2 = 0.016936 m/s
2
vAy = (1) sin 70.2 = 0.94089, vB = 0.32178

vA = 0.941 m/s
(a)
(b) Fraction of Initial Energy loss = F. L.

1
1
1
2
2
2
m (1) m ( vB ) m ( vA )
2
2
2
F. L. =
1
2
m (1)
2
F. L. = 1 0.1035 0.8856 = 0.01090 !
Rebound at A
Conservation of momentum t-direction

mv0 sin 30 = m ( vA )t ( vA )t = 5sin 30
( vA )t
= 2.5 m/s
Relative velocities in the n-direction
( v0 cos 30 0 ) e = 0 ( vA )n
( vA )n
Projectile motion between A and B
( v x )0
After rebound
( vA )n = ( 5cos 30 )( 0.8)
= 3.464 m/s
= ( vA )t cos 30 + ( vA )n sin 30
= 2.5cos 30 + 3.464sin 30
( v x )0
= 3.897 m/s
( v y )0 = ( vA )t sin 30 + ( vA )n cos 30
= 2.5sin 30 + 3.464 cos 30
( v y )0 = 1.75 m/s
x-direction:
x = ( vx )0 t = 3.897t , vx = ( vx )0 = 3.897 m/s
y-direction:
y = vy
( )0 t 12 gt 2 = 1.75t 4.905t 2
( )0 gt = 1.75 9.81t
vy = vy
At B:
v y = 0 = 1.75 9.81t A B t A B = 0.17839 s
( )0 t A B 4.905t A2 B = 1.75 ( 0.17839) 4.905 ( 0.17839)2
y = h = vy
h = 0.15609 m
h = 156.1 mm !
x A = v0t A = 7.5 m,
gt A2
9.81
= 0.6 m,
m/s 2 t A2 = 0.6 m t A = 0.34975 s
2
2
v0 = 21.444 m/s
(a) First bounce:
v0t B = 1.5 m,
tB = 0.06995 s
0.12 m = eA ( 3.431 m ) t B
9.81 m/s 2 2
tB
2
0.12 = eA ( 3.431)( 0.06995 ) ( 4.905 )( 0.06995 )
= 0.24 eA 0.024
eA = 0.600 !
(b) Second bounce:
Before
After
vBy = 0.6 ( 3.431) 9.81t B
= 1.3724 m/s
eBv0 = eB ( 21.444 m/s )
yC = 0.12 + vBytC 4.905 tC2 = 0 = 0.12 + 1.3724 tC 4.905 tC2
tC = 0.3497 s
xC = 6.75 = eB v0 tC = eB ( 21.444 )( 0.3497 )
eB = 0.900 !
Momentum in t direction is conserved
mv sin 30 = mvt
( 25)( sin 30) = vt

vt = 12.5 ft/s
Coefficient of restitution in n-direction
( v cos30) e = vn
( 25)( cos30)( 0.9 ) = vn
vn = 19.49 ft/s
Write v in terms of x and y components
( vx )0
= vn ( cos 30 ) vt ( sin 30 ) = 19.49 ( cos 30 ) 12.5 ( sin 30 )

= 10.63 ft/s
( vy )0 = vn ( sin 30) + vt ( cos30) = 19.49 ( sin 30) + 12.5 ( cos 30)

= 20.57 ft/s
Projectile motion
2
( )0 t 12 gt 2 = 3 ft + ( 20.57 ft/s ) t ( 32.2 ft/s2 ) t2
y = y0 + vy
At B,
y = 0 = 3 + 20.57t B 16.1t B2 ; t B = 1.4098 s

xB = x0 + ( vx )0 t B = 0 + 10.63 (1.4098 ) ; xB = 14.986 ft
d = xB 3cos 60 = (14.986 ft ) ( 3 ft ) cot 60 = 13.254 ft
d = 13.25 ft !
Find x and y components of v

v = vx i v y j
After the first impact x component is multiplied by e and the y component is unchanged
v = evxi v y j
After rebound at C the y component is multiplied by e and the x component is unchanged
v = e vxi + e v y j = e vxi v y j
so
v = ev And the final velocity is parallel to the original velocity !
Velocities just after impact
Total momentum in the horizontal direction is conserved

1.5
2.5
1.5
2.5
mAv A + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB ;
( 0 ) + ( 6 ) = vA + vB
g
g
g
g
15 = 1.5vA + 2.5vB
(1)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = vB vA : ( 0 6 )( 0.8) = vB vA
vB vA = 4.8
(2)

vA = 6.75 ft/s
vB = 1.95 ft/s
(a)
1
T1 = mAv A2
V1 = 0
2
2
1 (1.5 lb )( 6.75 ft/s )

T1 =
= 1.06124
2
32.2 ft/s 2
continued
T2 = 0
V2 = mA gh = 1.5h
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 1.06124 = 1.5h
h = 0.70749 ft = 8.9899 in.

h = 8.49 in. !
(b)
Work and energy
T2 = 0
T =
1
1 2.5
2
mBvB 2 =
(1.95 ) = 0.14761
2
2 g
U1 2 = F f x = kWB x = 0.6 ( 2.5 ) x = 1.5x

T1 + U1 2 = T2 : 0.14761 1.5x = 0
x = 0.0984 ft = 1.1808 in.
x = 1.181 in. !
(a) Impact between A and B

m A = mB =
mC =
80
g
30
g
m Av A + mB vB = m AvA + mB vB vA + vB = 15
(1)
Relative velocities
( v A vB ) eAB
= vB vA (15 0 )( 0.8 ) = vB vA : vB vA = 12
(2)
vB = 13.5 ft/s
Solving (1) & (2)

Impact between B and C (after A hits B)
mB vB + mC vC = mB vB + mC vC :
80
30
80
30
(13.5) + ( 0 ) = vB + vC
g
g
g
g
1080 = 80vB + 30vC
(3)
continued
Relative velocities
( vB vC ) eBC
= vC vB :
(13.5 0 )( 0.3) = vC
vB
4.05 = vC vB
vB = 8.7136 ft/s
Solving (3) and (4)
(4)
vC = 12.7636 ft/s
vB = 8.71 ft/s !
TL = (TB + TC ) (TB + TC)
(b)
TB =
1
1 80 lb
2
2
mB ( vB ) =
(13.5 ft/s ) = 226.39 lb ft
2
2 32.2 ft/s 2
TC = 0
TB =
1
1 80 lb
2
2
mB ( vB ) =
(8.7136 ft/s ) = 94.319 lb ft
2
2 32.2 ft/s 2
TC =
1
1 30 lb
2
2
mC ( vC ) =
(12.764 ft/s ) = 75.894 lb ft
2
2 32.2 ft/s 2
TL = ( 226.39 + 0 ) ( 94.319 + 75.894 ) = 56.177
TL = 56.2 lb ft !
(a)
Before
After
mA = mB = m
5 km/h = 1.3889 m/s

Conservation of total momentum
mAv A + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB
1.3889 vB = vA vB
vA + vB = vB 1.3889
(1)
Work and energy car A (after impact)
1
mAvA2
2
T2 = 0
T1 =
U1 2 = F f ( 4 )
= k mA g ( 4 )
T1 + U1 2 = T2 ;
1
mAvA2 4k mA g = 0
2
continued
vA2 = 2 ( 4 m )( 0.3) 9.81 m/s 2 = 23.544 m 2 /s 2

vA = 4.852 m/s
Car B (after impact)
T1 =
1
mBvB2 , T2 = 0
2
U1 2 = k mB g (1)
T1 + U1 2 = T2 :
1
mBvB2 k mB g (1) = 0
2
vB2 = 2 ( 0.3)(1 m ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 5.886 m 2 /s 2 ; vB = 2.426 m/s

From (1) vB = vA + vB + 1.3889 = 4.852 + 2.426 + 1.38
vB = 31.2 km/h !
(b)
Relative velocities
( v A vB ) e = vB vA
( 1.3889 8.667 ) e = 2.426 4.852
( 10.0559 ) e = 2.426
e = 0.241 !
(a)
Work and energy

Velocity of A just before impact with B
T1 =
1
m Av02
2
T2 =
( )
1
m A v A2
2
U1 2 = k m A g ( 0.3 m )
F f = k N = k mA g
T1 + U1 2 = T2 :
( )
1
1
( 0.4 kg )( 3 m/s )2 0.3 ( 0.4 kg ) 9.81 m/s2 ( 0.3 m ) = ( 0.4 kg ) vA2
2
2
(v )
2
A
( v A )2
= 7.2342
= 2.6896 m/s
Velocity of A after impact with B ( vA )2
T2 =
( )
1
m A vA2
2
T3 = 0
U 2 3 = k mA g ( 0.075 m )
continued
T2 + U 2 3 = T3
( )
1
( 0.4 kg ) vA2
2
0.3 ( 0.4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.075 m ) = 0
( vA )2
= 0.6644 m/s
Conservation of momentum as A hits B
( v A )2
= 2.6896 m/s
( vA )2
= 0.6644 m/s
m A ( v A )2 + mB ( vB ) = mA ( vA )2 + mB ( vB )
2.6896 + 0 = 0.6644 + vB
m A = mB
vB = 2.0252 m/s
Relative velocities (A and B)

( v A ) vB eAB = vB ( vA )
2
2
( 2.6896 0 ) eAB
= 2.0252 0.6644
eAB = 0.506 !
Work and energy

Velocity of B just before impact with C
T2 =
1
0.4
2
mB ( vB )2 =
( 2.0252 )2 = 0.8203
2
2
T4 =
1
0.4
2
mB ( vB )4 =
( vB )24
2
2
U 2 4 = k mB g ( 0.30 ) = 0.35316
T1 + U 2 4 = T4 : 0.8203 0.35316 = 0.2 ( vB )4
2
( vB )4
= 1.5283 m/s
Conservation of momentum as B hits C
mC = 1.2 kg, mB = 0.4 kg

mB ( vB )4 + mC vC = mB ( vB )4 + mC vC
0.4 (1.5283) + 0 = 0.4 ( vB )4 + 1.2vC
Velocity of B after B hits C, ( vB )4 = 0

With ( vB )4 = 0; 0.61132 = 1.2vC vC = 0.5094 m/s
Relative velocities (B and C)
( vB ) vC eBC = vC ( vB ) ;
4
4
(1.5283 0 ) eBC
= 0.5094 0
eBC = 0.333 !
(b)
Work and energy Block C
T5 = 0
T4 =
1
(1.2 )( 0.5094 )2 = 0.15569
2
U 4 5 = k mgx = 0.3 (1.2 )( 9.81) x = 3.5316 x

T4 + U 4 5 = T5 : 0.15569 3.5361x = 0 x = 0.044 m
x = 44.0 mm !
Conservation of energy before impact
T + V = 0 + 8 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.15 m ) =
1
(8 kg ) v02
2
v0 = 1.7155 m/s
Cylinder C:
Platform A:
Counterweight B:
Restitution:
8v0 F1 dt = vC
0 + F1 dt F2 dt = 5 vA
4 unknowns
0 + F2 dt = 5 vA
vA vC = 0.8 v0
Simultaneous solution 4 Equations and 4 unknowns
( a ) v0
= 0, vA = 1.372 m/s !
( b ) F2 dt = 6.86 N s
1
1
2
2
T1 = 2 (5 kg)(1.372 m/s) + 2 (5 kg)(1.372 m/s)
1
1
(a) A and B after the first impact T2 = (5)v22 + (5)v22
2
2
U1 2 = + Td Td = 0
v2 = v A
v A = 1.372 m/s !
d = v1 t = 1.372 t
C after the first impact

t2
d = 0 + 9.81 , t = 0.2798 s
2
At which time vC = 9.81t
vC = 2.74 m/s !
(b) Second impact: (As before)

C:
8(2.7448) F1 dt = 8vC
A:
5(1.3724) + F1 dt F2 dt = 5v A
B:
5(1.3724) + F2 dt = 5vA
Restitution:
v A vC = 0.8[2.7448 1.3724]
With 4 unknowns and four equations, solve for

v A = 2.47 m/s !
vC = 1.372 m/s !
Velocity of A just before impact, v0

v0 = 2 gh =
After impact
2 32.2 ft/s 2 ( 3.6 ft ) sin 30
2 ( 32.2)( 3.6)( 0.5) = 10.7666 ft/s
mAvB = mBvB mAv A

0.6
0.6
(1)
v0 = (1.8 g )vB
vA
g
g
gs cancel
Restitution
( vA + vB ) = e ( v0 + 0) = 0.9 v0
(2)
Substituting for vB from (2) in (1)
0.6 v0 = 1.8(0.9 v0 v A ) 0.6 v A; 2.4 v A = 1.02 vB

(a) A moves up the distance d where,
1
1
mAv A2 = mA gd sin 30; (4.5758 ft/s)2 = (32.2 ft/s 2 ) d (0.5)
2
2
d A = 0.65025 ft = 7.80 m !
(b) Static deflection = x0 , B moves down

Conservation of energy (1) to (2)
Position (1) spring deflected, x0
kx0 = mB g sin 30
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ;
V1 = Ve + Vg =
x + dB
V2 = Ve + Vg = 0 0
T1 =
1
mBvB2 ,
2
T2 = 0
1 2
kx0 + mB gd B sin 30
2
kxdx =
1
k d B2 + 2d B x0 + x02
2
1 2
1
1
kx0 + mgd B sin 30 + mBvB2 = k d B2 + 2d B x0 + x02 + 0 + 0
2
2
2
kd B2 = mBvB2 ;
1.8
34 d B2 =
(5.1141)2
32.2
d B = 0.20737 ft
d B = 2.49 in. !
Velocity of A just before impact, v0
After impact
2 32.2 ft/s 2 ( 3.6 ft ) sin 30
v0 =
2 gh =
v0 =
2(32.2)(3.6)(0.5) = 10.7666 ft/s
0.6
1.8
mAv0 = mBvB mAv A ;
v0 =
vB
g
g
gs cancel
Restitution
( vA + vB ) = e ( v0 + 0 ) ;
From (1)
vB = ev0
(1)
(2)
0.6
0.6
vB =
v0 =
(10.7666 ft/s ) = 3.5889 ft/s
1.8
1.8
From (2)
e = ( vB /v0 ) ,
e=
1
3
e = 0.333 !
(a)
(b) Energy loss
Energy = mA g ( 3.6 ) sin 30

= ( 0.6 lb )( 3.6 ft )( 0.5 )
1
mBvB 2
2
1 1.8
2
( 3.5889 ft/s )
2 32.2
= 1.08 0.36 = 0.72 ft lb

Loss = 0.720 ft lb !
(c) Static deflection = x0 , B moves down
Conservation of energy 1 to 2
Position 1-spring deflected, x0
kx0 = mB g sin 30
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ;
V1 = Ve + Vg =
x + dB
V2 = Ve + Vg = 0 0
T1 =
1
mBvB2 ,
2
T2 = 0
1 2
kx0 + mB gd B sin 30
2
kxdx =
1
k d B2 + 2d B x0 + x02
2
1 2
1
1
kx0 + mgd B sin 30 + mBvB2 = k d B2 + 2d B x0 + x02 + 0 + 0
2
2
2
kd B2 = mBvB2 ;
1.8
34 d B2 =
(3.5889)2
32.2
d B = 0.1455 ft
d B = 1.746 in. !
Ball A falls
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
mgh =
(Put datum at 2)
1 2
mv A v A = 2 gh
2
= (2)(9.81)(0.2) = 1.9809 m/s

Impact
= sin 1
r
= 30
2r
ImpulseMomentum
Unknowns vB , vAt , vAn

x-dir
0 + 0 = mBvB + m AvAn sin 30 + mAvAt cos30

We need more equations
(1)
vBn vAn = e(v An vBn )
For our problem

vB sin 30 vAn = e(v A cos30 0)
(2)
System = A
t-dir
mA (v A sin 30) = mAvAt
(3)
Solve 3 equations and 3 unknowns (maple) using mA = mB = m

vB = 1.3724 m/s
vAn = 1.029 m/s
vAt = 0.9905 m/s
Now lets look at B after impact.
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1
m(vB )2 = mghB
2
So
hB =
(vB )2 (1.3724)2
=
2g
(2)(9.81)
= 0.0960 m
hB = 96.0 mm !
Momentum:
mv1n + 0 = mv1n + Mv2 (0.7071)

(2 kg)(5 m/s)(0.7071) = 2 kg v1n + 9 kg v2 (0.7071)
Restitution:
v2 (0.7071) v1n = 0.6 v1n = 0.6(5)(0.7071)
Solve for
16
v2 = m/s,
11
17
v1n = (0.7071)
11
v1n = 1.092801 m/s

"
(b)
Conservation of energy cylinder + spring:

1 2 1
1
kx0 + M (v2 ) 2 = kx22
2
2
2
2
20, 000
1 16
20, 000 2
(0.05) 2 + (9) =
x2 = 34.52
2
2 11
2
x2 = 0.05875 m,
F = kx2 = 20,000
N
(0.0587 m) = 1175 N "
m
= cos 1
= 22.62
6.5
Ball A:
Ball B:
(1)
Restitution
e=
e=
vB cos ( vA ) x cos + ( vA ) y sin

v A cos
vB ( vA ) x + ( vA ) y tan
vA
v A = v0 = 6 ft/s
vB ( vA ) x + ( vA ) y
( 256 )
2
continued
A:
mAv A sin = mA ( vA ) x ( sin ) + mA ( vA ) y ( cos )
2.5
2.5
v A tan = (vA ) x tan + (vA ) y ; 6
= (vA ) x
+ (vA ) y
6
6
15 = 2.5 ( vA ) x + 6 ( vA ) y
(2)
50
50
4.6
A + B : m Av A = mA ( vA ) x + mBvB ; (6 ft/s) = (vA ) x +
vB
g
g

g
(3)
gs cancel
From equation (1)
From equation (3)
vB = 2(32.2 ft/s 2 )(0.75 ft) = 6.9498 ft/s

(50)(6) = 50(vA ) x + 4.6(6.9498)
(vA ) x = 5.3606 ft/s

From equation (2)
15 = 2.5(5.3606) + 6(vA ) y
(vA ) y = 0.2664 ft/s
2.5
6.9498 5.3606 + 0.2664
6 = 0.2834
e=
6
e = 0.283 !
6
= 22.62
6.5
= cos 1
Momentum consideration
Ball A:
Ball B:
mBvB = mB 2 gh
Restitution
Approach
e=
e=
Separation
vB cos ( vA ) x cos + ( vA ) y sin
v A = v0 = 6 ft/s
v A cos
vB ( vA ) x + ( vA ) y tan
vA
vB ( vA ) x + ( vA ) y
( 2.56 )
6
continued
(1)
A: mAv A sin = m A ( vA ) x ( sin ) + mA ( vA ) y ( cos )
2
2
v A tan = (vA ) x tan + (vA ) y ; 6 = (vA ) x + (vA ) y
6
6
12 = 2.5 ( vA ) x + 6 ( vA ) y
A + B : mAv A = mA ( vA ) x + mBvB ;
6 = (vA ) x +
vB
10
(2)
20
20
2
(6) =
(vA ) x + vB
g
g
g
(3)
From the equation for e

e = 0;
2.5
vB (vA ) x + (vA ) y
=0
6
(4)
e = 1;
2.5
vB (vA ) x + (vA ) y
=6
6
(5)
Simultaneous solution of equations (2), (3) and (4) for e = 0 and equations (2), (3) and (5) for e = 1 yields
e = 0 : (vA ) x = 5.463 ft/s, (vA ) y = 0.224 ft/s, vB = 5.370 ft/s
e =1:
h=
(vA ) x = 4.926 ft/s, (vA ) y = 0.4475 ft/s, vB = 10.740 ft/s
(vB )2
= 0.4478 ft, 1.791 ft
2(32.2)
5.37 in. h 21.5 in. !
Ball A alone
Momentum in t-direction conserved
mA ( v A )t = mA ( vA )t
( vA )t
= 0 = ( vA )t
( vA )n
Thus
= vA
60
Total momentum in the x-direction is conserved.
mAv A sin 60 + mB ( vB ) x = mA ( vA ) sin 60 + mBvB

v A = v0 = 1.5 m/s
( vB ) x
=0
0.17 (1.5 )( sin 60 ) + 0 = ( 0.17 )( vA )( sin 60 ) + ( 0.34 ) vB
0.2208 = 0.1472vA + 0.34vB
(1)
Relative velocity in the n-direction

v A ( vB ) e = vB cos30 vA;
n
( 1.5 0 )(1) = 0.866vB vA
(2)

vB = 0.9446 m/s, vA = 0.6820 m/s
Conservation of energy ball B
1
2
mB ( vB )
2
1 WB
T1 =
( 3.0232 )2
2 g
T1 =
T2 = 0
continued
V1 = 0
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ;
h=
V2 = WB h
1 WB
( 0.9446 )2 = 0 + WBh;
2 g
( 0.9446 )2
( 2 )( 9.81)
= 0.0455 m
h = 45.5 mm !
(a) Momentum of the sphere A alone is conserved in the t-direction.
mA ( v A )t = mA ( vA )t
( vA )t
=0
( vA )n
( vA )t
= vA
=0
50
Total momentum is conserved in the x-direction.

mAv A cos 50 + mBvB = mA ( vA ) cos 50 + mBvB
vB = 0
v A = 4 m/s
2 ( 4 ) cos 50 + 0 = 2 ( vA ) cos 50 + 6vB

5.1423 = 1.2855vA + 6vB
(1)
( vA vB ) e = ( vB cos 50 + vA ) ;
vB = 0, v A = 4 m/s
4 ( 0.5) = 0.6428vB + vA; 2 = 0.6428vB + vA
(2)
Solving Equation (1) and Equation (2) simultaneously

vA = 1.2736 m/s; vB = 1.1299 m/s
vA = 1.274 m/s
vB = 1.130 m/s
(b)
T lost =
=
50 !
!
1
1
2
2
mAv A2 mA ( vA ) + mB ( vB )
2
2
1
2
2
2 kg )( 4 m/s ) ( 2 kg )(1.274 m/s )
(
2
2
( 6 kg )(1.130 m/s ) = 10.546 J
Tlost = 10.55 J !
First 18 m: Since all the cars weight is on the rear wheels which skid, the
force on the car is
F = k N = ( k )W
1 hr
v18 = ( 58 km/h )(1000 m/km )
3600 s
= 16.1 m/s
T1 = 0
T2 =
1
1 W
W
2
2
= (16.1 m/s ) = (129.6 )
mv18
g
2
2 g
U1 2 = ( F )(18 m ) = k (W )(18 m )
T1 + U1 2 = T2
W
0 + 18kW = (129.6 )
g
129.6
k =
= 0.73395
(18)( 9.81)
For 400 m: Force moving the car is for the first 18 m,

F1 = ( k ) (W ) = ( 0.73395 )W
For the remaining 382 m, with 75% of weight on rear drive wheels and
impending sliding,
F2 = ( s ) ( 0.75 )W
s = k ( 0.80 ) = ( 0.73395)( 0.80 ) = 0.91744
F2 = ( 0.91744 )( 0.75 )(W ) = 0.68808

T1 = 0
T2 =
1 W
2
( v400 )
2 g
U1 2 = F1 (18 m ) + F2 ( 382 m )
= ( 0.73395 )(W )(18 m ) + ( 0.68808 )(W )( 328 m )
= 13.21W + 262.8W = 276.01W
T1 + U1 2 = T2
0 + 276.01W =
1 W
2
( v400 )
2 g
2
v 400
= ( 2 g ) 276.01 = ( 2 ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 276.01)
2
v400
= 5415.3
v400 = 73.6 m/s

v400 = 265 km/h !
3 N/mm = 3000 N/m
(a) Spring constants
2 N/mm = 2000 N/m

Max deflection at 2 when velocity of C = 0
v1 = 0, T1 = 0, v2 = 0, T2 = 0
U1 2 = U e + U g
0.05
U1 2 = 0
U1 2 =
( Fe )1 dx 0ym ( Fe )2 dx + WC ( 0.15 + ym )
( 3000 N/m )
2
( 0.05 m )2
( 2000 N/m )
2
( ym ) 2
+ ( 3 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.15 + ym )

= 3.750 1000 ( ym ) + 4.4145 + 29.43 ( ym )
2
T1 + U1 2 = T2 : 0 1000 ( ym ) + 29.43 ( ym ) + 8.1645 = 0

2
ym = 0.10626 m
ym = 106.3 mm !
(b) Maximum velocity occurs as the lower spring is compressed a

distance y
T1 = 0;
T1 + U1 2 = T2 ;
Substitute
dv 2
=0
dy
T2 =
1
1
mC v 2 = ( 3 kg ) v 2 = (1.5 ) v 2
2
2
0 (1000)( y ) + 29.43 ( y ) + 8.1645 = (1.5) v 2

2
y = 0.014715 m
2000 ( y ) + 29.43 = 0;
y = 0.014715 m
0.21653 + 0.43306 + 8.1645 = 1.5v 2
v 2 = 5.5873 m/s
v = 2.36 m/s !
(a)
Block leaves surface at C when the normal force N = 0
mg cos = man
g cos =
vC2
h
(1)
vC2 = gh cos = gy
Work-energy principle
TB =
1 2
mvC
2
U B C = W ( h y ) = mg ( h yC )
TB + U B C = TC
Use Equation (1)
4.5m + mg ( h y ) =
4.5 + g ( h y ) =
1
gyC
2
4.5 + gh =
3
gyC
2
yC =
1 2
mvC
2
(2)
( 4.5 + gh )
3
g
2
( 4.5 + (9.81)(1) )
y =
2
3
( 9.81)
2
y = 0.97248 m
(3)
continued
yC = h cos
cos =
yC
0.97248
=
= 0.97248
h
1m
= cos 1 0.97248 = 13.473
= 13.47 !
(b)
From Equations (1) and (3)

vC =
At C;
gy =
( vC ) x
9.81( 0.97248 ) = 3.0887 m/s
= vC cos = 3.0887 cos13.47

= 3.0037 m/s
( vC ) y
= vC sin = 3.0887 sin13.47

= 0.71947 m/s
y = yC + ( vC ) y t
At E:
1 2
1
gt = 0.97248 0.71947t ( 9.81) t 2
2
2
yE = 0: 4.905t 2 + 0.7194t 0.97248 = 0

t = 0.37793 s
At E:
x = h cos + ( vC ) x t = 1( sin13.47 ) + 3.0037 ( 0.37793)

= 0.23294 + 1.3519 = 1.3681 m
x = 1.368 m !
Find unstretched length of the spring
0.3
= tan 1
0.1
LBD =
= 71.565
( 0.3)2 + ( 0.1)2
= 0.3162 m
= length at equilibrium
M A = 0.1Fs sin 0.6 (10 g ) = 0
Equilibrium:
Fs = 63.25 g
Fs = k LBD : 63.25 g = ( 8000 N/m )( LBD ) LBD = 0.07756 m
L0 = LBD LBD = 0.3162 0.07756
Unstretched length
= 0.23864 m
when = 90
Spring elongation, LBD
= ( 0.3 m + 0.1 m ) L0 = 0.4 0.23864
LBD
= 0.16136 m
= 90
At 1
V1 = 0,
T1 = 0
V1 = (V1 )e + (V1 ) g
(V1 )e
1
8000
2
) =
k ( LBD
( 0.16136 )2
2
2
= 104.15 N m
continued
(V1 ) g
= 10g ( 0.6 ) = 58.86 N m
V1 = 104.15 58.86 = 45.29 N m

At 2
=0
(V2 )e
1
2
2
8000
N/m ( 0.07756 m )
k ( LBD ) =
2
2
= 24.06 N m
T2 =
1 2 10 kg 2
2
mv2 =
v2 = 5v2
2
2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0 + 45.29 = 5v22 + 24.06

v22 = 4.246
v2 = 2.06 m/s "
rA = 3960 + 1500 = 5460 mi = 28.829 106 ft

rB = 3960 + 6000 = 9960 mi = 52.589 106 ft
rAmv A = rB mvB
r
28.829
vB = A v A =
v A = 0.54819v A
52.589
rB
(1)
TA =
1 2
mv A ,
2
VA =
GMm
,
rA
TB =
1 2
mvB ,
2
VB =
GM = gR 2 = 32.2 ft/s 2 ( 3960 mi 5280 ft/mi )
GMm
rB
= 140.77 1014 ft 3/s 2

VA =
VB =
140.77 1014 m
= 488.29 106 m
28.829 106
140.77 1014 m
= 267.68 106 m
52.589 106
TA + TB = TB + VB :
1 2
mv A 488.29 106 m
2
=
1 2
mvB 267.68 106 m
2
1 2
1
v A 220.61 106 = vB2
2
2
Using (1)
1 2
1
2
v A 220.61 106 = ( 0.54819v A )
2
2
0.34974v A2 = 220.61 106
v A = 25115.39
v A = 25.1 103 ft/s !
Ft = s Nt = s mgt
v1 = 60 mi/h = 88 ft/s
v2 = 20 mi/h = 29.333 ft/s
mv1 s mgt = mv2
s = 0.65
88 0.65 ( 32.2 ) t = 29.333 t = 2.803

t = 2.80 s !
t = 0.22
mv1 + ( P W ) t = mv2
Horizontal components
84 ( 9.14cos 35 ) PH ( 0.22 ) = 0
PH = 2858.69 kg m/s 2
PH = 2.86 kN !
(a) Total momentum of the two cars is conserved.
mv, x : mAv A cos 30 = ( mA + m A ) v cos10
(1)
mv, y : m Av A sin 30 mBvB = ( m A + mB ) v sin10
(2)
Dividing (1) into (2)

sin 30
mBvB
sin10
=
cos 30 m Av A cos 30 cos10
( tan 30 tan10)( mA cos 30 )

vB
=
vA
mB
vB
m
= 0.3473 A
vA
mB
mA =
3600
g
mB =
2800
g
mA
3600
=
= 1.2857
mB
2800
vB = ( 0.3473)(1.2857 ) = 0.4465v A
Car A was going faster !

(b) Since B was the slower car,
vB = 30 mi/h
v A = 2.2396vB
v A = 67.2 mi/h !
mA = mB = mC = m
Collision between B and C
The total momentum is conserved.
mvB + mvC = mvB + mvC vB + vC = 4.5
(1)
Relative velocities
vC vB = e ( vB vC ) = 0.8 ( 4.5 ) vB vC = 3.6 (2)
vB = 4.05 ft/s
vC = 0.450 ft/s
Since vB > vC , Car B collides with Car A

Collision between A and B
v A + vB = 4.05
(3)
vB vA = 0.5 ( 4.05) ; vA vB = 2.025
(4)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = vB vA
vC < vB < vA No more collisions
vB = 1.013 ft/s
vA = 3.04 ft/s
After
Before
v A = 18 ft/s; ( v A )n = 18cos 40 = 13.79 ft/s; ( v A )t = 18sin 40 = 11.57 ft/s

vB = ( vB )n = 12 ft/s; ( vB )t = 0
t-direction
mA ( v A )t + mB ( vB )t = mA ( vA )t + mB ( vB )t
(1.5 lb )
g
( 11.57 ft/s ) + 0 =
(1.5 lb )
g
( vA )t
( 2.5 lb )
g
( vA )t
17.36 = 1.5 ( vA )t + 2.5 ( vB )t
(1)
Ball A alone momentum conserved

mA ( v A )t = mA ( vA )t ( vA )t = 11.57 ft/s
Replace ( vA )t in (2) in equation (1)
17.36 = 1.5 ( 11.57 ) + 2.5 ( vB )t ; ( vB )t = 0
(2)
n-Direction Relative velocities

( v A ) ( vB ) e = ( vB ) ( vA )
n
n
n
13.79 ( 12 ) 0.8 = ( vB )n ( vA )n
( vB )n ( vA )n
= 20.632
(3)

mA ( v A )n + mB ( vB )n = mA ( vA )n + mB ( vB )n
(1.5 lb )
g
(13.79 ft/s ) +
( 2.5 lb )
g
( 12 ft/s ) =
(1.5 lb )
g
( vA )n +
( 2.5 lb )
g
( vB )n
1.5 ( vA )n + 2.5 ( vB )n = 9.315
(4)
4 ( vB )n = 21.633
Solve (3) and (4):
( vB )n
= 5.408 ft/s
( vA )n
= 15.224 ft/s
vA =
(15.224 )2 + (11.57 )2
= 19.12 ft/s, = 37.23
v A = 19.12 ft/s
72.2 !
vB = 5.41 ft/s
40 !
(a) Rebound at A
Conservation of momentum t direction

mv0 cos 60 = m ( vA )t ( vA )t = 6 cos
( vA )t
= 3 m/s
Coefficient of restitution in the n direction
( ( vA )n 0 ) e = 0 ( vA )n :
After rebound
Projectile motion between A and B
( 6sin 60)( 0.6 ) = ( vA )n
( vA )n
= 3.12 m/s
( v x )0
= ( vA )t = 3 m/s
( v y )0 = ( vA )n = 3.12 m/s
x = ( vx )0 t = 3t , vx = 3 m/s
( )0 t 12 gt 2 = 3.12t 4.905t 2;
y = vy
( )0 gt = 3.12 9.81t
vy = vy
At B,
v y = 0: 3.12 9.81t A B = 0 t A B = 0.318 s

yB = h : h = 3.12t A B 4.905t A2 B = 0.496 m
xB = d = 3t A B
h = 0.496 m !
d = 0.953 m !
(b)
vB = ( vx )0 = 3 m/s
vB = 3.00 m/s
(a) Momentum of sphere A alone is conserved in the t-direction.
mAv0 cos = mAvA sin

v0 = vA tan
(1)
Total momentum is conserved in the x-direction.
mBvB + mAv0 = mBvB + mA ( vA ) x

0+
vB = 0, ( vA ) x = 0
1.5
4.5
v0 =
vB + 0
g
g
vB =
v0
3
(2)
( v0 sin
0 ) e = vB sin vA cos
( v0 ) ( 0.6 ) = vB + vA cot
(3)
Substituting vB from (2) into (3)

0.6v0 = 0.333v0 + vA cot
0.267v0 = vA cot
(4)
Divide (4) into (1)

1
tan
=
= tan 2
0.267 cot
tan = 1.935
(b) From (1)
= 62.7 !
v0 = vA tan = vA (1.935 )
vA = 0.5168v0 , vB =
v0
3
(2)
continued
Tlost =
1
1
2
mAv A2 mA ( vA ) + mBvB2
2
2
T lost =
2
1 1.5
1 1.5
4.5 v0
2
2
( v0 ) ( 0.5168v0 ) +

g 3
2 g
2 2
v02
0.3v02
1.5 0.40 0.50] =
[
2g
g
Tlost = 0.00932v02 ft lb !
(For v0 in ft/s).

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 1.

Given: Weight of satellite,

v = 14, 000 mi/h

Find: Kinetic energy, T

= 31.0559 lbs 2 /ft

Note: Acceleration of gravity has no effect on the mass of the satellite.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 2.

( 2 )( 6370 km + 35,800 km )(1000 m/km )

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 3.

Given: Mass of stone,

Acceleration of gravity on the moon,

(a) On the Earth

W = mg = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 19.62 N

(b) On the Moon

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 4.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 5.

Use work and energy with position 1 at A and position 2 at C.

Work and energy

V1 2 = k N1 d k N 2 (20) + mg (d sin 30)

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 6.

(a) Use work and energy from A to B.

N = W cos 20 = (50 lb) cos 20 = 46.985 lb

(b) Package returns to A use work and energy from B to A

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

(c) Energy dissipated is equal to change of kinetic energy

Energy dissipated = 725 ft lb !

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 7.

Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81)

Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 20 m from B to C

Find; speed of automobile at point B, vB

U A B = WhA B (19620 N) (150 m)sin 6

Where = coefficient of static friction

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 8.

Given: Automobile weight,

W = (2000) (9.81) = 19620 N

Vehicle costs 150 m from A to B

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 9.

U1 2 = [ P cos 50 90sin 20 0.35 N](3 ft)

( P cos 50) 3 (90sin 20) (3) 0.35 (90cos 20 + P sin 50)3 = T2

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 10.

U1 2 = (5.5 3) (50) = 125 lb ft = T2

(a) First stage:

U 2 3 = 3(h 50) = 0 125

(b) At the top:

(c) At the return:

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 11.

Given: Block A is released from rest and moves up incline 0.6 m.

Friction and other masses are neglected

= 140 N (1.2 0.63958) m = 39.229 N m

U A = 68.67 N (sin15) (0.6 m) = 10.6639 N m

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 13, Solution 12.

Given: Block A is released at the position shown at a velocity of