NCP 27

ASSIGNMENT
NICMAR / CODE OFFICE
1. Name

Atish kumar

2. Reg. No.

26-04-11-2484-281

3. Course No.

NCP 27

4. Course Title

Construction Quality Management

ASSIGNMENT
You have been selected as a project manager for a prestigious high rise
building in Mumbai which will be housing very rich personalities from
industry and film world.
Your company management has asked you to formalize Quality
Management System (QMS) for interior finishes, plumbing and
prevention of rain water seepage so that the overall quality standard and
image of company is raised.

Project Brief:

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QUALITY: WHAT IS IT?

Years ago, quality in construction might have been synonymous with
accuracy. But nowadays it is a much wider concept. It is multi-faceted. It
depends ultimately on what users consider to be important. The product
we produce must address their needs. But there is a wide range of users.
Understanding who they are and what aspects of quality matter most is
crucial.

So what are the features that users look for in our quality?

B.1 Accuracy
As noted above, accuracy is fundamental to quality.

There is perhaps

little new to say about it. It is a relative concept, not an absolute one.
Absolute accuracy is generally neither needed nor expected. It needs to
be such as to minimize the risk of the user drawing a false conclusion and
we need to educate users about the limitations for use.

Too little

emphasis has been given to this and we need to help prevent decisionmakers from over-reacting.

The impact of inaccurate data can be

disastrous.

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B.2 Relevance
The requirement for accuracy often implies that the quantity being
measured is well defined. For this and most other elements in our
construction industry we have to rely on definitions and conventions that
are to some degree arbitrary and open to interpretation at the boundaries.
As soon as one accepts that perfect accuracy is impossible even in
conceptual terms, a host of other issues arise, such as coherence,
consistency and continuity.

B.3 Coherence and consistency

Ideally we would use the same definitions from all sources. This is not
always possible, but there should be good reason for any differences.
Even within one country, regional differences may affect coherence and
consistency. Even if the definitions are the same, collecting the "same"
information about events from different sources will, with probability
one, give different results.

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B.4 Continuity
Comparisons over time are important in many situations.

For

construction macro-economic modeling and forecasting, lengthy timeseries are required.

As far as possible they must be free from

discontinuities.

B.5 Timeliness

For many decisions, especially in construction macro-economic

management, up-to-date information is generally regarded as essential.

B.6 Accessibility

It is not just the timeliness with which a project is executed but how it is
executed is more important.

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STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION FOR TRANSPORTING

CONCRETE:

Concrete shall be conveyed from the place of mixing to the place of

final deposit as rapidly as practicable by methods, which will prevent
segregation or loss of any of the ingredients. If segregation does
occur during transport, the concrete shall remixed before being
placed. In no case, more than 30 minutes shall elapse between mixing
the consolidation in its position. For placing the concrete at any point
the concrete from the mixture should take more time than the initial
setting time.

Statistical Quality Control (SQC)

Overview
This page has been designed to help in understanding and learning the
use, design and analysis of Control Charts, which is the most important
tool of Statistical Quality Control.

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It includes the history, background information, the uses, the types

with examples, analysis of patterns, related software and additional
sources of information about control charts.

History
Control charting is one of the tools of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) it
is the most technically sophisticated tool of SQC. It was developed in the
1920s by Dr. Walter A. Shewhart of the Bell Telephone Labs.

Dr. Shewhart developed the control charts as a statistical approach to

the study of manufacturing process variation for the purpose of
improving the economic effectiveness of the process. These methods
are based on continuous monitoring of process variation.

Background Information
A typical control chart is a graphical display of a quality characteristic
that has been measured or computed from a sample versus the sample
number or time. The chart contains a center line that represents the
average value of the quality characteristic corresponding to the in-control

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state. Two other horizontal lines, called the upper control limit (UCL) and
the lower control limit (LCL) are also drawn. These control limits are
chosen so that if the process is in control, nearly all of the sample points
will fall between them. As long as the points plot within the control
limits, the process is assumed to be in control, and no action is necessary.
However, a point that plots outside of the control limits is interpreted as
evidence that the process is out of control, and investigation and
corrective action is required to find and eliminate the assignable causes
responsible for this behavior. The control points are connected with
straight line segments for easy visualization.
Even if all the points plot inside the control limits, if they behave in a
systematic or nonrandom manner, then this is an indication that the
process is out of control.

Uses of Control charts

Control chart is a device for describing in a precise manner what is meant
by statistical control. Its uses are
1. It is a proven technique for improving productivity.

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2. It is effective in defect prevention.

3. It prevents unnecessary process adjustments.
4. It provides diagnostic information.
5. It provides information about process capability.

Types of control charts

1. Control charts for Attributes.
1. p chart
2. c chart
3. u chart
2. Control charts for Variables.
1. X bar chart
2. R chart

Analysis of Patterns on Control Charts

A control chart may indicate an out-of-control condition either when one
or more points fall beyond the control limits, or when the plotted points
exhibit some nonrandom pattern of behavior.

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The process is out of control if any one or more of the criteria is met.
1. One or more points outside of the control limits. This pattern may
indicate:
o

A special cause of variance from a material, equipment,

method, or measurement system change.

Mismeasurement of a part or parts.

Miscalculated or misplotted data points.

Miscalculated or misplotted control limits.

2. A run of eight points on one side of the center line. This pattern
indicates a shift in the process output from changes in the
equipment, methods, or materials or a shift in the measurement
system.
3. Two of three consecutive points outside the 2-sigma warning limits
but still inside the control limits. This may be the result of a large
shift in the process in the equipment, methods, materials, or
operator or a shift in the measurement system.
4. Four of five consecutive points beyond the 1-sigma limits.
5. An unusual or nonrandom pattern in the data.

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1.

A trend of seven points in a row upward or downward. This

may show

2.

Gradual deterioration or wear in equipment.

Improvement or deterioration in technique.

Cycling of data can indicate

Temperature or other recurring changes in the

environment.

Differences between operators or operator techniques.

Regular rotation of machines.

Differences in measuring or testing devices that are

being used in order.

2. Several points near a warning or control limit.

Inspection:

Once quality standard and other things are laid out inspection becomes a
routine matter. In any quality control programme actual inspection and
measurement is an undetectable factor which is to be planned at properly
to meet with the overall objective of the quality control. Various stages of

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inspection should be determined. Some of such stages could be the

following:

i.

Material inspection at suppliers end.

ii.

Material inspection at the stage of receipt.

iii.

Material inspection at the stage of issue.

iv.

Inspection of the process at the time of initial setting of machine

/ equipment

v.

Inspection of trial run batch

vi.

Inspection while the execution is in progress

vii.

Inspection of the finished process

viii. Inspection before erection and commissioning

ix.

Inspection of commissioning

x.

Inspection of machines and equipment commissioned

Having decided various stages of inspection and various quality

characteristics to be inspection it is also important to decide who will
inspect, when the inspection will be carried out, how many units will be
inspected, instruments to be used. Required approval for rejection /
acceptance (incase of doubt)

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The methods of inspection will vary with each characteristic to be

inspected, the stage at and the accuracy with which it is to be inspected,
all these again depending upon whether the characteristic is critical,
major, minor or incidental. This division will be made by the quality
control Engineer in consultation with process planning engineer, site
engineer and representatives of designers of needed.

Quality Assurance
Construction. The original erection, repair, and improvement of
structures that provide
Shelter for people and activities, support transportation systems, and
control natural resources. The work involves surveillance and control of

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construction operations carried out in-house or under Govt. grants,

contracts, or loans through the following activities:
(1) Conducting site surveys.
(2) Reviewing and interpreting project plans and specifications.
(3) Making cost analyses and estimates.
(4) Laying out and scheduling operations.
(5) Investigating materials, methods, and construction problems.
(6) Negotiating with utilities, contractors, and agencies involved.
(7) Inspecting work in progress and completed work and final
acceptance of completed work

Test and Evaluation

The testing of equipment, materials, devices, components, systems, and
methodologies under controlled conditions and the systematic evaluation
of test data to determine the degree of compliance of the test item with
predetermined criteria and requirements. This work is characterized by
the development and application of test plans to be carried out in-house or

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under contract or grant utilizing one or more of the following kinds of

tests: physical measurement techniques; controlled laboratory, shop, and
field (demonstration) trials; and simulated environmental techniques.
Activities included in this category are as follows:
1) Development testing to determine the suitability of the test item
for use in its environment.
2) Production and postproduction testing to determine operational
readiness.
3) Testing in regulatory programs to determine compliance with
laws, regulations, and standards.
4) Testing in the social sciences using demonstration or
experimental and control groups to determine the effectiveness
of new methodologies or practices.
Planning.
The study and projection of present and future needs and the formulation
of alternative policies and ways of meeting these needs for the utilization
of land; natural, social, industrial, material, and manpower resources;

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physical facilities; and social and economic services and programs. The
work involves the following activities:
(1) Gathering, compiling, analyzing, and evaluating data.
(2) Projecting needs and establishing goals.
(3) Developing single or alternative plans, policies, programs, and
recommendations and measures of their economic, social, and
political costs, benefits, and feasibility.
(4) Reevaluating progress to assure that objectives are realized in
putting the plans into effect.
This category includes physical, economic, and social planning for land
population centers and mission, policy, and program planning.

Quality Assurance Organisation at site:

Officers & their qualifications

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1. Project manager
Qualification: Should be Graduate with additional
qualification of masters in Project management from a reputed
institute.
Experience: Should have minimum 20 years exp. Out of which
Last five should have worked in similar capacity with lots of
impetus on quality control and assurance.
2. Senior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil
Qualification: Should be Graduate with additional
qualification of masters in Project management from a reputed
institute. Should be well versed with quality control measures
especially for civil as well interiors and water proofing
Experience: Should have minimum 15 years exp. Out of which
Last ten should have worked in similar capacity monitoring
and controlling quality.
3. Engineer Civil Execution
Qualification: Should be Graduate from a reputed institute.

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Experience: Should have minimum 10-12 years exp. Out of

which five years should have worked in similar capacity in
execution of such prestigious high-rise building.
4. Engineer (QA/QC) Plumbing and sanitary
Qualification: Should be Graduate with from a reputed
institute. Should be well versed with quality control measures
especially plumbing and sanitary
Experience: Should have minimum 15 years exp. Out of which
last ten should have worked in similar capacity monitoring and
controlling quality.
5. Junior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil
Qualification: Should be Graduate/Diploma from a reputed
institute. Should be well versed with quality control measures
especially for civil as well interiors and water proofing
Experience: Should have minimum 8-10 years exp. Out of
which last five should have worked in similar capacity
monitoring and controlling quality.
6. Junior Engineer Execution Civil
Qualification: Should be Graduate/Diploma from a reputed
institute.

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Experience: Should have minimum 8-10 years exp. Out of

which last five should have worked in similar capacity
monitoring and controlling quality.
7. Store keeper
Qualification: Should be Graduate from a reputed institute.
Should be versed with latest material management procedures.
Experience: Should have minimum 5-7 years exp. Out of which
last three should have worked in similar capacity monitoring
and controlling quality.
8. Junior Store keeper
Qualification: Should be Graduate/under graduate from a
reputed institute. Should be versed with latest material
management procedures.
Experience: Should have minimum 5 years exp. Out of which
last three should have worked in similar capacity monitoring
and controlling quality.

Functions and Responsibilities:

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(1) Project manager

Functions & responsibilities: Should be responsible for overall
quality control and assurance as well as for execution. Should
have overall control and command over all implementation of
quality control measures and will have checks for its outcome.
(2) Senior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil
Functions & responsibilities: Should be responsible for overall
quality control and assurance. Should have overall control and
command over all implementation of quality control measures
and will have checks for its outcome.
(3) Engineer Civil Execution
Functions & responsibilities: Should be responsible for overall
quality while execution. Should help and co operate with
QA/QC team to improve overall quality
(4) Engineer (QA/QC) Plumbing and sanitary
Functions & responsibilities: Should be responsible for overall
quality control and assurance for all plumbing and sanitary
works. Should have control over all implementation of quality
control measures for sanitary & plumbing and will have checks
for its outcome.

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(5) Junior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil

Functions & responsibilities: Should assist in implementing
quality control and assurance procedure. Should supervise
implementation of quality control measures and will monitor
for its outcome.
Monitoring and controlling quality.
(6) Junior Engineer Execution Civil
Functions & responsibilities: Should assist and supervise work
with an eye for quality control and assurance procedure.
(7) Store keeper
Functions & responsibilities: Should be responsible in
implementing quality control and assurance procedure for all
materials brought at site using latest material management
procedures.
Should supervise implementation of quality control measures
and will monitor for its outcome.
(8) Junior Store keeper
Functions & responsibilities: Should assist in implementing
quality control and assurance procedure for all materials
brought at site using latest material management procedures.

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Should assist &supervise implementation of quality control

measures and will monitor for its outcome.

Reporting to Whom

Project Manager___________ Managing Director

Senior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil________ Project
Manager
Engineer (QA/QC) Plumbing and sanitary _______
Senior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil
Engineer Civil Execution ____________ Project Manager
Junior Engineer (QA/QC) _________ Senior Engineer
(QA/QC) Civil
Junior Engineer Execution Civil ________ Engineer
Civil Execution
Store keeper _____________ Senior Engineer (QA/QC)
Civil
Junior Store keeper ___________ Store keeper

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Methods of Quality assurance

Once quality standard and other things are laid out inspection becomes a
routine matter. In any quality control programme actual inspection and
measurement is an undetectable factor which is to be planned at properly
to meet with the overall objective of the quality control. Various stages of
inspection should be determined. Some of such stages could be the
following:

xi.

Material inspection at suppliers end.

xii.

Material inspection at the stage of receipt.

xiii. Material inspection at the stage of issue.

xiv.

Inspection of the process at the time of initial setting of machine

/ equipment

xv.

Inspection of trial run batch

xvi.

Inspection while the execution is in progress

xvii. Inspection of the finished process

xviii. Inspection before erection and commissioning
xix.

Inspection of commissioning

xx.

Inspection of machines and equipment commissioned

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Having decided various stages of inspection and various quality

characteristics to be inspection it is also important to decide who will
inspect, when the inspection will be carried out, how many units will be
inspected, instruments to be used. Required approval for rejection /
acceptance (incase of doubt)

The methods of inspection will vary with each characteristic to be

inspected, the stage at and the accuracy with which it is to be inspected,
all these again depending upon whether the characteristic is critical,
major, minor or incidental. This division will be made by the quality
control Engineer in consultation with process planning engineer, site
engineer and representatives of designers of needed.

The method of inspection used can be any of the following:

i.

Individual inspection for physical parameters

ii.

Laboratory tests

iii.

Destructive testing

iv.

Individual test for machine setting

v.

Sample test

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vi.

Process control individual or by sampling

vii.

Final inspection individual or by sampling

Testing of incoming Materials:

All the incoming materials coming to site have to be physically

verified and quantified. Also the materials have to be tested as per
the relevant IS codes.

Testing at finishing stages:

All the products have to be finally tested as per latest relevant

IS codes and also as per manufactures manual, contract
document before final handing over.

Penalties for non compliance& incentives for compliance:

If the contractor fails to maintain the required progress to
complete the work and clear the site on or before the contract
or extended date to completion the shall without prejudice to

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any other right or remedy available on account of such breach,

pay as agreed compensation the amount calculated at the rates
stipulated below on the amount of tendered value of the work
for every completed day/week (as applicable) that the progress
remains below that specified due clause or that the work
remains incomplete.

This will also apply to items or group of items for which a

separate period of completion has been specified.

1) Completion period (as originally stipulated)

@ 1% of tendered value per week.

Provided always that the total amount of compensation for

delay to be paid under this condition shall not exceed 10% of
the Tendered Value of work or of the Tendered Value of the
item or group of items of work for which a separate period of
completion is originally given.

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The amount of compensation may be adjusted or ser-off

against any sum payable to the Contractor under this or any
other contract with the Government.

Same way the bonus will be given for the earliest completion of
the project.
All sums payable by way of compensations shall be considered
as reasonable compensations without reference to the actual
loss or damage.

Reference:
NICMAR

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