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Working hypotheses:
-
The problem is considered a 2D one, the beam working in plane stress state.
The beams own weight is neglected.
The geometry of the wall-beam is defined by its length, height and thickness (L., h, b). They
are prescribed according to the students number.
-
L = 1000 +25N cm
h = 200+5N cm
b = 40+N cm
Young modulus
Poissons ratio
E = 25000 daN/cm2;
= 0.25
Four finite element models will be created, increasing the elements number (10, 20, 40 and
80 elements).
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
For each model, the vertical displacement (v, or UY in ANSYS terms) of the nodes placed on
the right-hand side of the beam will be determined. The values will be represented on a
convergence graph, together with the analytical (exact) solution of the problem.
x =
u
v
u v
; y =
; xy =
+
x
y
y x
x =
1
x y
E
y =
1
y x
E
xy =
1
2(1 + ) xy
E
x =
xy
M
Px
y=
y
I
I
TS
P h 2
=
= y 2
bI
2I 4
y = 0
For the strains the following relationships yield:
u
P
= xy
x
EI
v
P
=
xy
y
EI
u v
(1 + ) Ph 2 (1 + ) Py 2
+ =
+
y x
4 EI
EI
By integrating the first equations, the horizontal and vertical displacements field becomes:
3
u=
P 2
x y + f 2 ( y)
2 EI
v=
P 2
xy + f1 ( x)
2 EI
(1 + ) P 2
(1 + ) Ph 2
P 2
2 EI x + f1 ( x) + 2 EI y + f 2 ( y ) = 4 EI
both expressions inside the brackets being constant. After separate integration, the
displacement field yields:
P 2
(2 + ) P 3 (1 + ) Ph 2
u=
x y+
y
y y +
2 EI
6 EI
4 EI
v=
P 2
P 3
xy +
x + x +
2 EI
6 EI
The unknown coefficients , and will be determined using three local boundary
conditions. Because no boundary conditions set can entirely reproduce the perfect
embedment, various physical models can be conceived. One option for the embedment
boundary conditions can be expressed as:
For
x = 0 and y =
For
x = 0 and y = 0
h
2
u=0
v=0
Replacing the coordinates of the desired point x = L and y = 0 into the vertical
displacement field expression, the maximum vertical deflection yields:
vmax
PL3 (4 + 5) Ph 2 L
=
+
3EI
24 EI
/PREP7
!
ET,1,42,,,3
R,1,b
!
MP,EX,1,2.5E4
MP,NUXY,1,0.25
!
N,1,0,0
N,6,L,0
! L WILL BE REPLACED BY THE LENGTH OF THE
! BEAM ACCORDING TO THE STUDENT NUMBER
FILL,1,6
!
NGEN,3,6,1,6,1,,h/2
!
! h WILL BE REPLACED BY THE HEIGHT OF THE
! CROSS SECTION ACCORDING TO THE STUDENT NUMBER
!
E,1,2,8,7
EGEN,5,1,1
EGEN,2,6,1,5,1
!
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0
D,ALL,ALL,0
NALL
!
NSEL,S,LOC,X,L
F,ALL,FY,-P/3 ! P WILL BE REPLACED BY THE FORCE VALUE
! ACCORDING TO THE STUDENT NUMBER
NALL
!
SAVE
FINISH
5
vmax,a =
5000 10003
(4 + 5 0.25) 5000 200 2 1000
+
= 2.5656 cm
3 25000 26666667
24 25000 26666667
The results for the same geometry and force applied on the 4 models are the following:
-
Model 1, 10 elements
Model 2, 20 elements
Model 3, 40 elements
Model 4, 80 elements
vmax = 2.5190 cm
vmax = 2.5472 cm
vmax = 2.5521 cm
vmax = 2.5623 cm