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IS 5186 : 1994
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Indian Standard
UDC
627'83
@ BIS 1994
BUREAU
MANAK
April 1994
OF
INDIAN
STANDARDS
ZAFAR
MARO
Price Groop 5
(WRD9)
ReprographyUmt, BIS, New Deihl, India
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after
the draft finalized by the Spillways Including Energy Dissipators Sectional Committee had
been approved by the RIver Valley Division Council.
Spillway i~ an integral part of all river valley project, and is essentially required to pass down to
the fiver 01 to sorne other natural drainage, surplus or flood water which cannot be safely
retained upstream of the storage dam. Provision of a hydraultcally efficient and structurally
strong spillway I~ very Important for the safety of the dam and the life and property along the
fiver down below.
Generally the spillway can be provided directly over the dam in case of concrete or masonry
dam. But for darns composed of earth or rock, or for dam, over which it is impossible or
undcvrrable, for special reasons, to pass water, some form of spIllway adjacent to the dam is to be
provided. These may be either closed conduit or open channel spillways. In open channel spillways
water I' conveyed from the reservoir to the rrver below the dam or to other natural drainage
through an excavated and lined open channel with fairly steep slope and placed either along
a dam abutment or through a 'addle 111 the Tim of the reservoir. These consist of a low crest
and a paved channel on a steep slope on the natural or excavated earth or rock formation.
Generally the control structure is placed normal or nearly normal to the centre line of the channel
downstream. Such a spillway IS termed chute spillway. In narr ow canyons. or otherwise, where
the site for the control structure is lrmrtcd in Width, the crest IS placed almost parallel to the
channel and the spillway IS then called Side channel spillway. A typical arrangement for chute
and side channel spillway is shown in Fig. 1.
Chute and Side channel spillways can be constructed on all types of foundat ron materials ranging
from solid rock to soft clays. However. If the foundatton materral is incapable of passing the
water without excessive erosion, It should alway, be protected by concrete paving. Due to
possible usc of large amounts of spillway excavation in the dam embankment, these spillways
generally result in overall economy in c.irthfill d.uns, Theve structures are specially suited in
srtuut io ns where sound rocky foundatrons required for the conventional type of spillways
( vert rca] drop type) are not available. Therefore, due to simplicity of their design and construenon, adaptabih ty to alrnovt any fo undatron condition, these spillways are used with earthfill
darns more often than any other type.
This standard was first published In 1969. This standard has been revised to update its contents
based on the experience gained WIth the use of this standard. The principal modifications are
in respect of design requirements of outlet channel, floor lining, drainage system and anchors.
Par the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, should be
rounded off in accordance with IS 2: 1960 'Rulcs for roundmg off numerical values (revised)'.
The number of srgruflcant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of
the specified value in this standard.
IS 5186: 1994
Indian Standard
DESIGN OF CHUTE AND SIDE CHANNEL
SPILLWAYS - CRITERIA
( First Revision)
1 SCOPE
Tills standard covers the criteria for hydraulic
and structural designs anti othcr general rcquu-e,
merits of chute and side channel spulways.
2 REFERENCES
The followmg Indian Standards are necessary
adjun e ts tu this standar d:
Title
IS No.
4410
( Part 9 ) : 1982
11155: 1984
11527 : 1985
lJ772 : 1986
for
devign of
dr aruage
arrangements
of
energy dissipators and training walls of spillways
Guidelines
3 TERMINOLOGY
For the purpose of this standard the definitions
given 111 IS 4410 ( Part-9.) : 1982 shall apply.
4 GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Geology of the site w rlI he taken into consideration for designing the details of the structure.
5 SPILLWAY LAYOUT
5.1 The outflow charactcnstics of a spillway
depend o n the particular device selected to
control the dischar gc. After having selected a
spillway con trol with certain dimensions and
crest level, the maxrmurn spillway discharge
and the maXIl11Um reservoir wat er level may be
determined by flood routing for adopted designed flood. Other comp iuents of the spillway
may the.i be proportioned to conform to the
r equired capacity, topography and foundation
conditions of the site.
An approach channel,
Control structure,
Side channel trough,
Discharge channel,
Energy dissipntor and/or terminal structure, and
f) Outlet chan nel.
18 5186 , 1994
both pi actrcal and sti uc tur a 1 aspects If the
width to depth ratio IS large, the depth of flow
111 the channel Will be shallow, resulung in
poor diffuvion of mc re.rsing flow WIth the
chan nel flow
Moreover, with greater bed
Width the cxcnvauo.i wrll i nc re ase
gated or ungat cd
The overflow sect ro n may
be agee sh.rpcd, OJ broad crested
the control
structure IS gene: ally place'! along the stJ e of
or approximately parallel to the upper portron
of the spillway discharge channel
Plow over
the crest falls into a trough, turns appr oxtmately at a rrght angle and then continue, Into
the main discharge chan nel
The flow into the
trough may enter only on one SIde 111 the case
of a steep hrllside location, or on both SIdes
and over the end of the trough if rt IS located
on a knoll or gently sloping abutment
6.4.2 Reduction
10
6,4.5 Slope
F0r the sul-crtt rcal -tage In the t i ough t he mcorn/ 19 fl iw wrl l not dcvc.I ip high II .msve rve vclo citres
bcc.iuvo 01 t h, low drop bcfor e It meets the
c han u.l fl iw thus dfLttlng a good diffusion
With the w ucr hulk In the Hough
Suu.e both
th , iucom mg vc lo c i tn s and the channel velotlt,.; Will b ,e'lllv.ly slow, a farr ly complete
mtci nuughng of the 11 iws will take place,
thereby pr uuclng ,Illlmpdldtively smooth flow
In the side ch.m .c l Where the channel flow
I' vupercr r rc t l t hc ch In lei ve locrtres will be
high a lei the mt c: nux ing of the high-energy
ti ans vcr s fI W With t hc c haunc l su , irn WIll be
r ough and turbulent 1 he n an, verse flows
will tend to S veep t hc c hanuel flow to the far
Side of the ch.mnel, pro ducmg VIOlent wave
actro n With at t e nd mt vibr atrons
Therefore
for good hydraulic pel forman cc the Side channei
trough should have mrld slope 01 a steep slope
With 01 cont rol s cr tion at the downstream end
of Side channel trough '0 that the flow IS subCritical in the trough
The slope depends on
site co nd I t Ions aud should be so chosen as to
reducc the exc avauon to .1 rmrumum
IS 5186: 1994
from the fall In the water surface In the drrectron
of the aXI~ and that the entire energy of flow over
the crest I' dissipated through Its mterminghng
with ih, channel flow and I... therefore of no
assistance .n moving the water along the
channel
Ax ral velocity's produced only after
the mcormng wat er par trcles JOII1 the ch an ne l
stream
6. =yg,
g
[ (Q,
(VI ~ V,)
+Q.)
J[ev,-
V,) 1-V'(Q,_
Q,
Q,)]
wher c
6. y = drop
V2
Q,
=x
tan 8
x'
4 k (d ~ h )LO~. 8
where
=
o=
x, y
co-ordinate axes.
slope angle of the floor up... trearn of
the curve,
k = factor of s.ifetv to en-ure pO>Jtlve
pre,sure on the flJIH ,lilt! ,hould be
equ.ll to Ol gl L.ltel th,ln I 5,
ci = depth of flow <it the beginning of
tran'11Ion, .111d
h = velocity head It the begll1l11ng of
tran>Jtlon
IS 5186 : 1994
6.5.3.3 Concave curve should have a sufficicnt ly
long radius of curvature to mrr muze the
dynarmc force on the floor due to cernrrfugal
force and should
hi = dB
+ h,
~ hr
where
tan
(SI
S. )
='JF
0(
dnd
0(
where
In m;
hI' h.
)"
where
V = velocuy of flow 111 m]s;
n = coefficient of roughness; and
r = hydi auhc mean depth In m.
(,~:
s =
6.5.4 Slope
dl
Sl/.
or
p~
Wd~,
6.2
~,'J8
v=
'=-
v'gd
where
6.L
where
at the
IS 5186 : 1994
6.5.6 Curves
The centre line of the spillway should be kept
straight as far a" possible. However. on pl.icewhere It has to be curved owmg to un.ivordable
Circumstances particular attention should be
paid to the degree of superelevauon to be provided at the outside of the bend The 'UpCIelevation should be determined by hydraulic
model studies. Sloped SIde" of sprllway ch.mnel should be avoided on the outside of sharp
bends because they cause a higher super elevatron of water surface than that bv vertical
walls
J~
supercrrncal should be
given by the following
In m ) =
where
III
m/>. and
6.7.4 Where two or mo re types of energy drss ipators have been used for the set vice or
auxihary spillwav, adequate CMe should be
taken to assess through model studre-, and
taking Into considcratron the eflect c f t hc
eroded materral and It, depovit ron furt her
downvtream 111 th, ovcr a ll pl mnrng dnd Junetiorung of l-nergy
d i ssipat or s and other
appurtenant structures such a, t.ul rave channels
of the power houvcs so thelt the eroded matcrral
or its deposition does not Interfere With energy
dtssrp.itor-, or the appui tenant structures
d,
and
conjugate tad water depth In m
In
ill/",
de"gn should be
checked by conducuug tevt s on geo n tr ically
sumlar or disto: ted mode Is
III
8 STRUClURAL REQUIREMENTS
dissrpators
equn c-
IS 5186 : 1994
circumstances
8.2.1.2 In the discharge channel, where the
velocrty of water I~ usually very high, the
design of the floor slab should depend on the
foundation
(for example unyielding rock,
r elatrvelv yielding rock or earth), vclocuy
and intensity of flow, uplift head and other
sirmlar factors mcludmg the location of spillway with respect to dam
Probable hydrostanc uplift forces under adverse condrt ion
may be considered parttally rchevcd by the
drainage <yst em The fOII.L, should be estimated
conservatively for partu.ular foundation and
dramage system To piuvide a relatively
water tight functional hrung which may wuhstand reasonable weathering and abrasion and
will hold up against normal experienced forces,
a rnuumum thickness of 20 ern IS recommended
for small spillways, where the 11l11ng IS placed
directly on rock When the III1Ing IS placed
on foundations other than rock and subjected
to forces other than normal
experienced
forces, a detailed design should be carried
out and slab thickness arrived at accordingly
111
IS 5186 : 1994
"
jIo - ,
lIfilUNC
'<'''
... : ..."co....
~.
FIG.
......
1200
---' 300
-,
SEWE~
to> 100 mm
PIPE DRAIN WITH
OPEN JOINTS
L "-
ANtHOR 6A.R
IS SI86 : 1994
8.2.2.3 The offset in the downstream slab at the
transverse joint, as shown in Fig. 2, should
also be provided in the joints of side walls
( Fig. 3 ).
8.2.3 Cut-offs
Where the lining is placed on earth on a steep
gradient OT the lining is placed on a layer of
gravel and not anchored to the foundation, a
cut-off should be provided on the upstream end
of each panel to check the creeping (FIg. 2 ).
This cut-off should also check the lower slab
lifting above the lower edge of the upper slab.
These cut-offs should also form barriers against
seepage of water in the gravel layer or among
the contact of lining and foundations, and
divert the seepage water to the transverse
drains.
..
All dimensions
FIG. 3
10
rmllunetrcs.
BURLAP
BURLAP
125mm SAND
LEAN CONCRETE
SEWER
PIPE DRAIN WITH
OPEN JOINTS
FlO. 4
IS ~186 : 1994
8.2.3.2 Cut-offs should also be provided at the
upstream end of the spillway to reduce seepage
of flow along the hrung, Increase path of percolatron, Intercept permeable strata and reduce
uphft under the spr! Iway and adjacent structurcs Cut-offs should aha be provided at the
downstream end r f spillway to check eros ion
and underrmnmg of the su uctures
The depth
and thickness of such cut-offs "auld depend
upon the nature of the foundations
8.2,5 Anchors
The floor of the chute should be anchored to
the foundation by anchor bars to mcrcase the
effective weight of the slab against displacement
due to uplift and other forces
IS 5186 : 1994
-,
-,
,,
/'
ANCHOR BAR
APPROXIMATE EFFECTIVE
ADDED WEIGHT OBTAINED
BY ANC.HORAGE
10
Date of Issue
Te&t Mected
Telegrams: Manaksao.tba
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331 01 31
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632 78 S8
632 78 92