AP PHYSICS C Mechanics 1986

1. Pulley Problem "Count the number of support ropes!"

(a) 2T = 1000N T 500 N
(b) 2T 1000 = 100(2)
2T = 1200 T 600 N
In parts (a) and (b), we use a force diagram of 'man + platform'.
(c) Here we shift to a force diagram for just the 'man'.

Use Fnet = ma since we're accelerating...

T + N 800 = 80(2)
'import' T = 600 (or whatever you got in (b)!)
600 + N 800 = 160 360N

w mg 800 N

(d) Back to 'equilibrium' with a constant upward velocity of 0.4 m/s.

Work
and W F d (for say t 1sec)
Method 1: Use: P
t
Here, we're interested in work done against gravity (by the person).
The force provided by the person is: 1000N
The distance traveled in 1 sec is: 0.4m
The time is 1 second, so...
1000 0.4
P
400 J s or 400W
1
Method 2: What if we try to use the simple formula: P F v ?
It looks easy but there are 2 interesting tricks involved...
(1) Because of the mechanical advantage of the pulley, Fup = 2T = 1000N vs Fg
So we only plug in: T = 500N for the force applied by the person.
(2) Even trickier is the 'v'. For the platform to rise 0.4m in 1 second, the rope passes
through the person's hands 0.8 m every 1sec! P F v 500 (.8 m s ) 400W
Method 3: An easier way! Just use F=1000 and v = .4 m/s 400W duh!

AP PHYSICS C Mechanics 1986

2. Okay, here's the 'rolling without slipping' problem. (Fstatic and conservation of 'E')
(1) We have to use:
M, R, h, g and
(2) Also given is rotational
2
inertia: I = 25 MR

(a) Ei = Ef (no sliding or kinetic friction to generate heat or loss of mechanical energy)
mgh = KT + KR (note the 2 types of kinetic energy: Translational and Rotational)
Mgh =

1 Mv 2
2

1 I 2
2

2
2
gh = 12 v 15 v

gh =
(i) KT = M 10
7

1 Mv 2
2

1 2 MR 2
2 5

105 102 v 2 107 v 2

v

R

Now cancel out the M and R2 and...

Now solve for v2:

v2 =

10
7

gh

5
Mgh
7

1 2 1
v
2
10
(ii)

Mv M 7 gh = 7 Mgh
5
5
R
(b) On the inclined plane (no slipping): Assuming constant acceleration down the plane...
2
2
(i) v f v0 2a x and sin hx x sinh
KR = 12 I 2

10
7

1 2 MR 2
2 5

gh 02 2a sinh

5
7

g sin a < g sin (from our Inclined Planed Theorem)

(ii) Using the center of the sphere as our 'pivot point' : I =

v uv
r F R Fstatic 25 MR 2 and at = R

R Fstatic 25 MR 2

a
2
2
Fstatic 5 Ma 5 M
R

2 MR 2
5

75 g sin

and net I

72 Mg sin

(c) E = Mgh
2

(d) First of all, the hollow sphere (arms out) has a greater I (I recall it's 23 MR 52 MR ).
For the same torque, we have an 'alpha' less than that of the solid sphere: I
2
2
2
but wait! Let's do the math... KR = 12 I and 0 2 and from above I
KR =

1 I (2
2

) 12 I (2

)
Hmm... same torque and same... same !

Method 2: Work = F Vx & Work = (same torque, same ) ... same W = K R

AP PHYSICS C Mechanics 1986

3. Restoring spring force: F = -kx3 (no friction, horizontal surface)
Answer in terms of spring constant, k, amplitude, A, and mass, M...
dU
(a) F
(This formula is a biggie!)
dx
So to get to potential energy (U) from force (F), we have to integrate:
U F ( x)dx kx3dx 14 kx 4 C To get rid of the integration constant, C...
notice that F and therefore U both equal zero when x = 0, so C = 0.
U = kx4 and x = A when released, so...

1 kA4
4

(b) Maximum speed (and K.E.) will occur when U=0 (when x = 0).
kA4
2
4
2
K = kx = mv v
max v 2km A2
2m
4
(c) Displacement (or x) when U = K = E = ( 14 kA )
1 kx 4
4

18 kA4 (Careful. I found myself plugging in kx2 all the time!)

x4

1
2

A4

4 1A
2

Now increase the amplitude. How is the period, T, affected? Recall that for a Hooke's
Law spring, T = 2 mk , the period of oscillation was 'amplitude independent'.
d 2x
d 2x
(d) F = ma gives us: -kx = m 2 vs a Hooke's Law spring: kx = m 2
dt
dt
I can't solve this new differential equation! My old textbooks are at school and what
do you know, my TI-89 solves some differential equations! CALC deSolve(
Just enter... whoa, this is ugly! @2 is a constant and the mess = t + another constant!
3

Next enter some initial conditions

x(0) = a and v or x'(0) = 0 m/s. The TI-89 now solves explicitly for t! Hmm, I believe
@4 is a dummy variable, say 'x', so that leaves us with:
2 x
1
t=

dx Let's integrate with our calculator from x = 0 to A = 5

k
4
4
A x
m A
just to see if the time changes when A = 10...
2 0
1
t=

dx = ? (I got a negative time? I did get less time for A = 10.)

k
4
4
5 x
m 5

AP PHYSICS C Mechanics 1986

3. Another try! mv2 + kx4 = kA4 (K + U = ETotal)
dx
2km A4 x 4
Solving for v: v =
dt
T

period, T = 4 dt 4
0

x A

x 0

dx
k
2m

A x

? Now for some BC Calculus!

Let

T= 2

2m
k

2
1
d
1

T
A 0 sin
A

Since the integral is independent of A.

T decreases as A increases.
Except for the negative sign, both methods give:
T value of .49942 sec for A = 5 and mk 3
and half as much for A = 10.
Whew!

x 2 A2 sin

then 2 xdx A2 cos d

and dx

A2 cos d
1
2

2 A sin

A cos d
1

2sin 2