Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
com
AMC PAMPILET
A.CP 71-242
ENGINEERING DESIGN
HANDBOOK
CHARACTERISTICS
'C
KAIUIAIT[ES, I.$.
Reproduced From
Best Available Copy
SEPTENUIS
INS
HEADQUARTERS
UNITED STATES ARMY MATERIEL COMAN4D
CASHINGTON, D. C. 20315
AMC
PAMPtHLET
26 September 1966
NUIBER 706-242*
(ANCRD)
FOR THE COWS9ANER:
Colonel,
Chief.. Aknistratlve Office
DISTRIBUTION:
Special
*This piphlet saupereedee 0OR 206246. Nay 1957. rtdeetdsatd AUU 706.266.
AMOP 70(44~
PREFACE
a noma suvyo__praiabtr
Dumke
OM
Hadbo Arm
f b th Zsien
tiests applicablie to a projectile baving, a .Ie
rk
Re
abtaorothAm
Pi
sv1
descibed,
ane
beatisa
graviy
of
mater,
and
ando-aram
and the menfiienta of a number at ppajodfitsea
Of the U.S. Army Moersiel Command
31MND
Proectilesi~po ane gives,
hain aned tr handbooks may submit requidtim
The am of arrodyseae oceflimaim
qmota directly to the Pubieetiom and
or.sen k w~l
stailtysneMksma rm is
SOPrdUStasa AgeacY. Ltaterbemny Army Depek
rjectieam an eni
diets Of am ost
ueuelostheras
reqoiai 1701
CWbgenVbwg ait nch
of graity loestin as rowg. amiursy mad lethality
-MM
t hi
rs.f
shoul =bitMuh Raww
C*ammt and vagmustime an th" handbook ane
AMCP m0"U
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF RYMBOI
... ....................
i:
viii.
ix
X
.. xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1-1.
1-.
1-&.
...
1-4
.1
CHAPTER 2
TRADEDOFPS
2-L
2-2.
2-121
242
2-13
2-&.
Gemsd ..
...........................
hmgd 3asmpvi W
Ybmd
Vsde ...............
lftiU d, badW Pmed Afmmi Uqd Is
,m fw at
4amp ......................
t'bys
ot fStm
Pim*, Awsd paul I
Ufsy for 8duda4vi
....................
cm .ofim Rdoalb oe UtMy no
ta Ie
1
d
=
Bqwkto uVai .........................
?abmbl. .o PeiM.bir a
......... .............
$-1
.1
3.1
3
3
CHAPTI'3
-1.
3-1.1
NTS
482-Ta
&-t.8
.... .
..
.1
A ' ,dym . .................................. 3.1
Cesslul-e.S'im .............
..................
. S4
Y
.....................................
8.
CI "em
.e.. ..............
....... 3.3
S-2
a.8..
mJ...
md D
3-&.
AERODYNAMIC COOEFIC
emel ...........................
bats
...
.v...................
...
oeooeee
8.1
3os
h.MCP 706.142
TABLE OF CONTNTS (cemtd)
:.
3 3.4
.'-3.5
3-3.6
3-4.
"3-4.1
:1-42
"3-42.1
3-422
" 2-42.3
3--4.L.4
3-42.5
3-43
3-5.1
3-5.2
3-.
3-.31
3-5,.32
3-5.4
1-5.5
%4a
3.6.
Ma
" .... ....... . .................
tat Moment
.................................
I)smpiag
at .................................
Maim- Moment ..................................
Rai.7Danping Moment
Voee and Moment CBept,4
.".
"
....
."
3.2
.
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
Aero4yumie Po
oe.en ....-...............
3.3
Moment Coefieients ad Moment ..................
3.4
Moment Coef
ti ...........................
n
3.4
X Mument About Hlorizntal Azis ............
N,
3.4
X-. Moment About Vertical Axis ................
34
X., Moment About Longitudinal Axis .......... 3.4
Relstiombip Between Ballistic and Aumodynsmce
Syatem of Coeffiients ...... .............
3.4
Complez Yaw
.
..........................
3-5
.MagI Momaent Sign Conentiou .........
...... "
SMoods Of leamuring
the Coaeieten ....
..t........ 3. 5
Gemmil
.2"
Medt
of M eKmue ................ "....... .
3.5
Fators To Be Cuamdved i SeloeMti of Method ...... 34
Free Flight (Balliic PAtar) .................. 3-6
Wand T'nel ...............................
.6U
Data RmIting from iallisti- Rane Toats .......... 3.6
Data Imulting fron Winl Tunnel Tets ............. 3.7
Tes Pseilities ...................................
3.7
Methods of Estimating the Copffeit ..................
8
CHAPTER 4
TRAJECTORY CALCMATIONS
4-L
.
4-LI
4-".
443
4.4
44.
"4-I
4-4.12
4-41.
4-6.
4-7.
4-7.1
4-.2
4-1.3
-,.J.
4t
4-4.8
4-i
a a
.............................................
aI C,,bmsr
si l,,,e
I
...........
4.
4.1
Simple Pa.T-ahne..u,
y ,..........
. ...
..
4-1
8b4ip~4hgu..f-ess Psatiele Tssjmiay.........4.
Ezampw of Dimp Particle T=*uy F
(FORTAN
m ..........................
3
D
Compater Metled fe Tra*4ory Calse
....... 44
MXethod of Calculating Divweti. of Tengses to Tnsjetaey.43
S-W oetfPimreetie Ma.s a. Trjee.....................
44
V1ih
eesttal T...e..t...............................
44
Tim of
.....
t .
T
m aVduty.
..
......
Crvd Tsa e , Antiaiv ft is
P
.. ........
fset ofDn smT
seuy.......................
..
sse
......................................
Aia
....................................
31srtA N.har
........................
3i
as 1ka,
0<
<30.
...............
Tsiil
I
sA a: < < LI.*.........4
"3
depWA I2elblq
I = < X S..............
nypreai
>flag
I ........... ......
44
4.7
4.7
4.7
47
44
44
44
*1
TANM. OF CONITEMr
(agatha)
PwwrvaA
4-7.4
4-7.5
4-7.5.1
4-7.5.2
4- 75.&S'
4-7.5&4
4-7.6
4-7.
4-7.6.2
4-7.7
4-7.7.1
4-7.72
4-7.7.3
4-7.8
4-7.8.1
4-7.82
4-7.8S
4-7.9
4-7.10
4-7.10.1
4-7.102
4-7.10.3
4-7-1M4
4-711
4-T411.1
4-7.11.2
4-7.12
pape
Effect of Reynolda Number on Drag (ceffititut ......
Submonic Dr ....................................
Sudaae Roughtwa and Irregalauti ...........
t
Blunt Nose .............................
Boatt iling ..
Fin-Stabiliued Proect
.l.
s.
Tranoic Drag ..................................
SpinStabilied Projecti ......................
Vln8tahilized Projeetil ......................
supaimmaic D
.a
.
.
Derea of C,, with N& NuINme ............
Blect of Now Sk
am CN ..................
Mect f B,ttaili3C an C, .
..........
Dual low ...........................
......
Spike-Nosed Pro.;e-tiie .....................
Unde-cut Projectile ..........................
Hemixpieal or Sbhply Ceniad Bwm PrQo)etilm
Drag VarSatiom with Yaw ..........
Muzzl Blaes ......................
Yca~.i- Velocity Due t Tiurera Vihatiom at
Muade ....................................
T.aratnrism Presure Gradim ...............
FIw.&Wijed Projectile ian Remd V
......
OMuraiion .............................
Cromwiad .................................
Wind Sersitivit y.............................4.1.
Lateral Dtetion ............................
Values of CN' va ba Number ..................
4-8
4.9,
4
44'
4..
44
49
410
4.10
4-10
4.10
4,40
4.10
4.10
412
4-12
4..12
4.12
412
4-2
4.13
13
4.]3
4.13
4.1
CHAPTER 5
-Li
1-1.
S-1AS
....................
......................
ms
..........................................
Sae and
MSMlY ....................
noun To Be Coasdevrd in Cwile d Fin-
54
5.1
Mabiastiogj...................v...................5.1
S-1.I
3A
i........................
..............
.1
.-..5-.1GpiuaeMssdProecStailes...........................5..
......................................
.
?. ...
.
51.3.2
Y Pw
5.1
54.2.1
Ob~pi. ......
.......................
5-L2..OsdtoseVae
5.2.2
of e
5-.1
1-2.2
S5-2.3
5-224
6 -2.2.
5-10
644........
6 442
.........
,mw.....................................
54
Pe d fo An
eletRepoe..................54
?Maine ................................
3
PreJe~ls Anymmarhes..........
5-8
Mathod of Comptatslm o Preqaail Spin
Djramle &aU
ffb
mfe
st No w VetM.................
=...
.0
AMCP 7-M4
TaBIL
OF CONTENTS (mtwd)
5I ....................
Ntbility for I
5-4
Stability for I = 0 ........................
Further Discumion of Magnitude of Modal Vectors
5-2.4.3
.... 5.9
and Stability
jec .... 5&
i-2.5
Aerodynamic Jump of Spin-wd
5,4
General ......................................
5-2.5.1
Aerodynamic Jum-(-.6r ........... 64
"5-262
Magnitude of Az.. a, t-e .amp ............... 54
5-2.5.3
Orientation cf Aeoyvr*'w Jump .............. 5-U
5-2.5.4
Distribution 4 A ,rr.uv., c Jump ............. 5-.U
5-2.5.5
Relationship Bvceiw. Aeroc amic Jump and QX. 5-11
5-2.5.6
... 5-11
.. ..................
5-2.5.6.1
Vertical '
5&12
.....................
Hoeizontal Ccx.ponm
5-2.5.62
5.12
Pin-Stabilied Projeetikf .............................
5-4
5-12
5-4.1
General .......................................
5-12
C.P.-C.G.
5.2
5-3.3
Flu Type Separation ............................
"5-Il
.
5.4"1
P d PiTp
...................
.
.......
5-1l
SFold
Ping ...............
-13
&-13
3-&.2
Foldrieng Fiat... ................................
51
5-.34
Obtnfttioa
5-13
) Projetl.............
5-Aow
(u
5-13
3-3.5.1
(keeral .....................................
.............. 5-13
. ........................
7p-3.5
.5-14
3-&5.3
Aerelstiity ................................
5-3.6
Dynauie Stability of Fin.Stabilised Projectiles ...... 5-14
5-14
General ......................................
5-3.61
5.14
5-36.2
Zeo Spin ...................................
5.14
e ....
Eutilibrium Rol a....................
$-3.3
5-.&6..
Bqubrium Spin.....................5-14
5.15
u............................
.....
5&&.6 2e.
Computation of Equilibrium Roll Rate ...... 5-15
5--4.63
5-12
Sampie Calulation ...................
5-&.&&4
5-15
m ts
d Dynane Stabi i ............
5-36.4
515
..................................
5-3.6.4.1
164
5-3.6.4.2
Siamlk*C-aleulation .......................
5-46.4.3
Magusm Moment C.eeients............... 5.14
.-. 1
itesoma
Instability ............................
5-&37
5--.7.1
Vauiati. o Magnitude of Yaw wish Asymsiy 5-16
5.17
Remamnee Roll Rate, p, ........................
5--.7.2
6.-17
5-3.721
Computation .............................
5.17
Sample Calculation ....................
5-&7.2
5-.7.3
Ratio of p./p. to Avoid Rmmamo Instability 5&17
&127
5-"
Rol Laek-in ......................................
5-&9
Aerodynamic Jump of Fiii-Stabilizsd Projectiles ...... 5.18
5-18
5-.10
YUi EEeevenema at Supersonic Speeds ............
5-2.4.11
"5-.4=2.2
CHAPTER 6
ROCKT-ASSISTED PROJETILS
6-1.
if 3
-41
VI
Mad pris
.1
- .
- -.
APLCP 7M6242
TAMLR OF COX-TUNTS (cont'd)
Paversmph
6-2.2
6-2.3
Pg"
Variation of Meback Aeceipatio ..................
a
6-2
,Ifeet of Rocket Additionx on Projeetil&
Design Parameters................ 6.2
Efeet of oekpt Additions on Aeeura y ............. 6-2
6-.44
CHAPTER 7
LIQUID-FILLED PROJECTILES
7-1.
7-2.
7-S.
7-&l
7--.
General ...................
Mleet of 8shi!W of Liquid Filler .
.
.
Computation of Design Parameters ....................
Gyrm.eopie Stability Factor ........................
Dynamic StaLility Factor ..........................
1-4.
7.1
7.1
7-1
7.1
7-2
CHAPTER 8
RANGE TESTING OF PROTOTYPE PROJECTILES
$L
8-2
8.4.
&-W.1
Gal ..............................................
Pit-Fire Data ......................................
Toting ..............................................
8-&2
8.31
-&Z1.1
8-3.2.1.2
S1.IA
9-322
8-42I
9l22
11.122."
8w ...................................... #4
Flight Toting ...................................
84
Satie Te
"2
84
8.2
88.8-3
8.3
83
CHAPTER 9
MANUFACTURING TOLERANCES
S-1
0-.-u
-ciao,
88..1
Dbm=-mi
Cbamp .............
...........
Pr
.. .................................
..........................................
.- 1
-1
AMC? 704.42
3-1
I'redic-ted PrWobable Rang Error .......................
Dynamie Stability of 175-mm Projectile, M4,7 ............ 9-2
0OLOSSARY ..........................................
1
APPNDIX38 .....................................
.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
.
.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
S-1
4-1
4-2
5-1
5-2
.......
Coidinate System
Diagr of Gravity Forep on Projeti
.. ...............
.....................
3-1
48
.-
AMCP 70644
LIST OF TABLIS
3-1
342
3-3
3-4
3-6
4-1
*I
AMCP ?0&.242
Appenixds
I
I!
III
No.
Pape
AMCF 706442
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Dreg, lb
I
Bore area, fts
ft/sett/.~ 2
~
~ seedertio,
Setbac
04-
c.p.
CD
eel
CO.Dg
CooYzw4d
wee o
ymmetry of a projectile,
fps
Constant in Q function
Fin span, tipo.4$, ft
Coiuat in Qfunction
Fin ant inftQ
C~ost~t
Qfunction
I.
I,
Tmavem
ft'
Center Of gravity
Center of premu
Dreg coefficient
Caliber
coefficient at tero yaw
/'-" "memex
i
r
K,
k.
,
CL.
C.
inter
Nfrmal forme ooefflcitt, prraan
moment of inertUi
by
notation indicatm
0"
Lift, lb
ix
Mf
Naturau lawithl
Mach number
Mas, Sug
Barne travel, ft
cxp*
Cm.
Noimal form, lb
Cu,.
n
N,
p.
P
.dw
FAn-+
-
Cm, + C*i
C.,
C '
slug-
r -6+UK
...
r.4
S
a
=t
rvmineco
AlymmrY Ve4Wo
P*VLai= tOD
Mmilifon Value
Stalocffid Value
Dummy iodez: to be replasd by' a
Sequence of apeci iadiow whoa
qurity is* di
the. in~ip
Icmai
jm
m e
Temmr~t.
U
WAY
Velocty or akvnsd, 40pm
vakwui of Projectile (ineld&
lommisdary layer own the boa#"i,.
ii pmwrAm) 1t
v
vb
x
S
SVaimal
D
*
v
*vWa
Waa, b
xap
Di~min. slow tramectory, ftiv
waom~at of yaw, rod
3semad emmpoaf yaw, red
fw
Ray
RmM
Daiv
atc
a
B
b
av~sa
Aagh o fa maI
ik DSy
dWeo*
of
ew"
pi mowbwowc) v- pdfv
a bhmisomWIN
.b.Lwomm
-is amidthstaapw to tbs trspe
iii
tos~~eydsite ~ofthe projsal
At* sof re
wM respect to aus& of
Deiaive
spi
to q
TwIlia
mawlod
*'
vs
d/ r
*AMCW
7660240
IXTRODUCTION
dpwgW mWbo*
sod b bgkAmesautm
The Pri17YSi4htIO
s. Dreg
stovistim %tio*
h
b. Ai~d1~.skiemp"
ary Ift a
na theOefore h primm
mb.
-"~~~C
.
-,-.
Z, S
4., ..
...
,..
-, -, ,
.,,
-.-
,,,..
.. ,?
"''
="
''."
r-n
'
c
AMCPI 7...2.
mind the elemeuts of es, storability, and tramportability. He should avckL where pouable. the
me of materials likely to bt in short supply during
wartime. He will often be limited by the aieilitas
for londing the projectile into the cun, and by the
dtoiga of the gun chamber. Most of these earnsideration are beyond the acope of this particular
handbook, but am coreral in oter dr-ign haad,.
bookx of th" serim
having
j
It is s difficult to design a
houg range, a relativo4y uort time of flight, and
A Small rourd-o-mesid disporia.
However, the
proctile might, and prshldy would, have wmeea
mall Jeonsetive cale, or lethality, that it wftk
be 'uaisem & a wespo THE PRIXE FUNCTION
OF THE PROJE"TILE DESIGNER. 18 TO
FIND THAT COMPRO3ISE AMONG RANGE,
AccIRACY AND LETHALITY WHICH WILL
BEST S'PPORTI HE MISSION OF THE
WEALM
SY
8STEM
UNDER CO.XSDERA-
TION.
Par exampe
54
I
4-
__________ I-
andimatieoef m esati
pe.M
UPP
S4
CHAPTUM 2
'iRADE.-OFFS
3-i
GENIRAL
*the
3reom
-41 Utfty ad Stendooi Pre~etile Ammi
pea
th
apw "9a ubls stt
pre:Jooige to he ire
ft bomised4
re
frss&aer-tn ga Row is iornessed by the
At fued; bowe75 * the overall lmcth
adits Iof,of the pe**Utal is limited by otability. wr handling
csdevatiom, se that as the amount of rocket fWe
Am
ofdsg
a
The desug.. -o
SonoiftrIethality, is Aenm-od-.
sop
oh
She trade-e ws
cum . of Pw g
wechod
volume, sod ft tbae ue with a uimple a~pbrai
"prow"e pe maplow the cmM might hea
sho b,
1t
**t
to~~~Wt~abemwidoWesmeb
wro as the me
usI-(I-M
x-xpdS
s41
0.5
1-2
-1.0
lbh ""dsima
"this .
wean we ina
ia asewm ern-
IbeW ,
s &d
mel only MW
1.
I.
~
1.0
shWM
beiss
UMR- U&
:1..
Tat
__________________
12
I-
0.5U.
a.-0
(1 -8)'
wapusuhihmi I
i a
=bdw
1.5 ,A
"adsoUU
bat
my he vm
1A IU
lbs
PaPhMI or miwVlea no**&. Note
tlnUIVi*nd
dwiAS
X =1
Ib
"otr
0
0.5
1.0
R
l
a.~n at emisywihdmg
toIiet d
Mse
- mblem 1O., Ua Ml
"SbMuhegrn's
OR
may map b
MWM
dsakuat.
ad
the uba
-.
VUtm
of 6~afad Pm
8
Awls
AMCP 706-242
irUs
1-0)
am
Design rebangem wlkior inermmrse eumny sme* times deeteee mage; ramp. said accursey smight
botb be inpmed by inmermig the eas of amae.
*
Many different trade-ol uituationa an. amumtiosied in the C~iecinoin in t"i handbook. Por ez
0.5
1.0
1.5
-24JCmphe
kf
ipe
of Smalls faroft
StIIIaid t
AV(P 70940~
CRAPTER 3
AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS
3-1. G~rRRAL
A lag purt of this handbook n concerned with
the interactions between a projectile and the air
through which it Rim. Freqluent use is made of the
faet that msany aspecft of this interaction are indepesident of which of the two, projectile or sir, is
actually .orang; theri relative Velocity is the
significant quantity. The bauie chiracteristin of
the flow of a SAid. maeb asair, around a body ar*
by
described in housd~eas of Aerodynowne
Kurt e and Schetser, and in Pkpisiel Principles
of Mlechanics and Acoustics by Pohl, which present msany interesting drawings and pbetogransh
of the Saow of Asuide, using dye or relieeting -Atielm to mak* the matoth visible. The Bibliography
at the end of this handbook lifts thus and other
booksman aeodynowittheory.
Projectile axis
-- <Taetr
nr,34
atm
o
sSp
many di~hrmnt Gods"*lt sglum ane uparud
by writers Get projeetilie asedyamsaim, the **eise
of a Mowte being influenued by ses of devulopment of the Mathematics icrnlws& However, Worty
e'-.Cae
AX(cr 71X442
trasaelation cf. wasil rotation abouit. itif enter or
gravity.
3--.U Yaw
RDNMC
MOMORCESS
34..li General
The (resultant) forces and moments whielh are
msa-niflaeasi for peojertile. deseign are:
a. Noma fame
b. Lift
r. Drag
d. )la~tus force
V..Stti moment
f.Dmigoen
W.Nansmmn
It. Roil damping moment
awmdm
AIL
AMCP 7064242
associated moment. This force, called the" magnus
forc", is also perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the projectile, and pawne through its own
center of pressure. Vector subtraction of the
maignum force from the total force on the projectile
leaves a force in the yaw plane, which ran he rewilved into lift and dragc.
3-3.4 Static hinet
The static moment is the product of the normas I
force and the distanc between its e.p. and the e~g.
of the projectile, which is conuidered positive when
the c-p. is forward of the e~g. an it practically &Iways is for spin-stabilized projectiles. The axis of
this moment is a Uwasve--se axis through the e.g.,
normal to the yaw plaoe. Fin-stabilized projectiles
have the e~p. aft of the ecg., so tat the "ttie
moment opposes an increase in yaw (in normal
tight), and an he called a "restoring moment".
3-4b
ine
th
CL
L
j3
CP
Dis
Estefrtl
Nose
'~4
C,
3__
% 7
= normal totes, lb
N,
li=t, lb
98 /P
D = dreg, lb
My
N,. = magnum force
Al of As -n.,'m- mr etpoetad to be fune..
C
AMCP 70-M2I
do
- CH..
"Lq~e
efefient fors
dc
. q aim
.dc
L -co
! &%ity
.
C
Cap, 98
+ cM
+ CK(O /A] )
r
D - (Co. + C&A 9q
wbere Co. is the drag cooeican at tero yaw and
C,,,sithe rate of ebhngs of Co with
CSN.5+
Cat
M.m ivy, d
3-4U K, Se.
About Vet--Ul Am
M., the asandynamie moment about the "verti.
481"azi
S -=
tbn40thee4ris
a and , auitutin
g
e
for , and r tor q, wbere r + is the angular ve.
locity about the a-rn
3-42.4 K,, Kassa About Longituital Axis
The sody3amie mammt about the longitudinal
axi of the projeetile in, in the mmes of a spinindeng torque see se might be provided by
am
Imte +
dmpi
mpl
C, IN
N. On
momt mee
sad C, is W
__
edhmea'
Azl
th
whus
a aeIsdm
mith.b heeimtul
-
.e
+D
Sath.
aki 9
Aetm
oma
*ftomm awn" em
m3 o CMDS4M
m of
The earbin wok in this am mmaa
ooeients withi- ,m ,owiak, the pb, at the
SK
tn
he angular Volsely
hWm
an@f"t
daming
badmd
3-42.
dyasepnd
acm /VAally
oSu
rl
am
by&Silar
ts
odinWmthe plase of
mVub
Im
N
h#
AKCP 706-242
by
magnaus forr
-rnmlynamieitx..
K9,.
exmpleCOEFFICIENITS
For
For e
&(V
-l
C,. - _ Kx by cancelation.
s beCa
noted
that for Ca,
be
Ih ahould
and Cir. the multiplier is _ S_ (Some authors
When sina- a,
5
use - -1.as a multiplier, since they me 2V as the
denominator of their spin terms, eg, pd/2V in.
stead of 1 d/V.)
1-4.3 Cemplmn Yaw
In the foregoing diaeuesion, for the sake of
simplicity, the symbol .s *ss uaed for yaw angle.
In the notation of Ref. 12s, a is the component of
"theyawangleinthe"vertical"direction;thecoss,; and the
eoriscstal
direction
in the
pmmt
3--.1Geazl
U ift
viswd f
r ojectile
the frontP
upward.
is pooite to the right and a is ptie
A projeetlt with rigthanl spin (eountar-eloek
Wis y'bn bkding from the bort) espereoes a
..
ehd
34
fNirnm
Two methods are in common use for tho mm-emeat of coefficients, both of which yield values
which are adequate to permit comldent deong"
eompromises That is, they yield net only sufiently accurate values of the aoeficients of the design
being tested, but also good atimats of the change
in thes coeffiames which would result from smal
changes in the design. The two methods e:
a. Delli imngtenting
I
',
ANUP7114e.242
low; it not. it depends on factors of time and codt.
Major eonsiderstions are the availability of the
range or the tunnel, and the speed with which the
widely diffeWAL
Estimated accuracy of aerodynamic coeffcients
obtine bybalistc
mce nd indtunnel tesw
is shown in Table 3-4.
3-.U Factors ta obsCSudeIS ia Selection Of
mod"
The cnditions can objectives of the test should
be thoroughly discussed with persoane! of the
facility ehosen before any work is started on test
models or prototypes. However, to m=ist the designer in the preliminary discussion, significant
dafereoee between the two asethods of testing an
described below.
.
ubeoem
ayn
dmkwg*&L
3-
AXCP 706442
TABLE 3-1
Drag
t&.5
CLift
z.Static
cmr+Cm!
CN.Magnus
.
momnt
Daming moment
momnent
2.
10.
10.
15.
10.
.
Roildamping moment1.
C5,
c~..~g
C.Magnus
t2.
Separation
force
25
.l1cal
0.1lcal
t1-3
3.?
AMCP 106-242
TABLE 3-2
COEFIICIRNTS OF TYPICAL P.0JECTILES KRASUUID IN MI.E
zLIoHT AND ESTIMATED
4 1
. o
Jos-am ki
in Q function
Ca,,, (avg)
0.40,.01
1.94
Cm.
SM.4Iiss
.41o.01
1.52
0.46, .01
1.50
0.22
0.20
0.25
.2.70
1.1<MS2.5
2.I)
1.2:M-'a3.2
2.60
L.I&MS2.6
7.0.
8.0
2.60.1
2.70.1
1.65
2.730.46
2.6*0.15
5.40.1"
2.5
6.20.05
6.0
.oO
-71"
0.5030.05
-9
-260.5
0.25
0.40:.Os
-0.19*-001
Codas at H - 1.8: aim&W by
immon-Wood
2.40
2.
a.p
Cm.
3-4.
3.10
3.25
JMTODS OF ZIINATf1r
TIM
COXIICIZNT
UlSms it is waateul to comtruet a projeetile or
ppseUeI mid for mup or wind tunnal towhie hm nhio
ohs. ot msee, and whish mw eve
3.*
methods
2.380
2.00
2.9.
2.65
5.40
4.90
PARMAL
L
OF ALLUTI
ad. 19
BELL Report 1048
W. armum
TWO IIIw.
Projecijia up to
incbe MA& diameter
NAVORD 406
NAkwom=
Svral fara~
Cosdiam Aro-
ftW
TAXLE 3-4
PARTIAL LUS OF WiNfD TUNNELS MNNORT= AMEI.CAO
Arnold Emmum
Dsvalpmeng C~mw (PJMQX~
AaaaM AiPrn
Ym
mbain
TInrns
TOmuewIm
bIssummom
&4, *.
TWO
nw Inmmmis VAN
Aboudo
MOMMd.uFd CAUstma
LpO
Ownhpm
e
Mbk
ohpmd
iinb
S
4-1.0
0-2.2
Sbma lummb
04.6
MNMO timed
00*4.S
0-1.4
0-.49
1,1
OftWpm..
Sm
saw
12
1.254
0 7.5. 0.2
OM
M
wem.M
.
Ts"
041-1.6
1.5.4
1.3-6
AMUT 7661M2
?AWLZ 3-5
Qmuw*
*
C.
cm.
CM*Keily
Comen
Siminm (Rd. 20)
Hi tchco~ck (Rd. 81)
Woo (Rd. 21)
(Rd.- 16)
Cale + Cm;,ltc
(Rd. 81)
'
Umi& 1.
CXa
9e
____
Reaprduced inMupym
____
am the Ap.
34L Bamse* volealwas ane do
poodizee.
Theme methods wre fundamentafly baand on an
maiturplatiem of data rem very may wind tunnel
sed bell ini range, toxim of a wide varity of
im US
a bw ao.
PesseeIin shapes Usamae
dynai theory to osestrcting fermales fcocrw
1
6lethe WatoPetm While these feamals
cheal of smme IMe be uVd hr abes which be
cik
(Rd. 40)
eaoRd4
Sao____Am___Rd.___4__
AMCP 706.40
CHAPTER 4
TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS
4--L ONNIZAL
rhe Ppupm of a ealeaistioaf at a trjcoy
the eurv as wyf traced by the center of gravity
of the projectike is nasUy the prediction of the epmcted peow of inspect at the ptoejcik. when fred
at a give Mass eise t. sad qumad&=' eleyaties
aln with the prediction of seistsd quatities
such a towel fight, saflu of faL sad velseity at
impeet. Smwertim. the tng. n stated, a d th
petI~n 49 the umklmktie sato And thn ae~a.e
tog wael vueitmy asid/u quadrant elewetiwa; the
three. asdharal qmtantimsean96
stl
f searest. Or
tbe trajeesery may be a proaad-wwrb type. as
her as asbatieera pmojectile, for which maximumw
ahlttde, time se rsub a give. Altiture, sad asan iwmeetMa rmgis.
jestary MON=at
4-L. DDm.~ rA
CORNzm3331S Ol
mm
am__abu,
_m
pol the
d
o is rpseed rangs, tim of ight wr
QUber ma
41tyi
~bLud, wd by amall teaeg
iseeat ispis Puomsfer. The pols-e Sheow in
4"aPut "enetity) ;medasid by a
rap (af
inM put Pemmserter mlias by mar
is AWN
toswket,. by others a
Whomu a "dismemlo
"-mhitiwisy faawng." The factate wie dZEseM far
tfhe
04wet
- r difreat,Mualnatwe
each dew.anu
welom of the wpe" um-aerers. wh"s a why they
mSU be desiwodel by melt perturbation sad the
pint*I WNe W. de massdybe fer bhid they me
at srsawwty
lawd MM he stout A m"katl
haim hr a Maeme
prejeusi fte" br
emmmrftp a *va in Tabl &-L
64
AIK'F 71&-242
similation better than 1%. assuming that the drag
esficient curve used averaged within 2% of the
trm* Ca at all Mach numbers traverned. If no computation of yaw is made, Co., the exile drag oseftient, is the coeffcient meed. Since projectile
velocity and altitude are known at each 6e poiat,
Mack number in always available for entering a
atored tale of Co. vs Mach number.
The particle trajectory is very useful in eomputing trade-.os of rawge. time of flight, and
lethality. partcularly in
of a rorket.miatwd
projectile. 3zteoa of the pmogram to compete munle velocity under the limitations on
Ma
ener aad unk
m
omentm, nd the tthe
maeimam
th
elmntion,
furth aproe-
rocket4axisted proeetilea, eitjaer spin- or inhtabilized. and singlektag rockets. The spin, yaw
of repose, and gyroecopic stability eomputatioms do
not a&low for the prevence of An cant or nowle
rant.
IThe limited Memory available made it neemery
to read the headings for the output (see Table 4.1
for a nsmple output) from card. .Appendix IX
lewrribe, the input carti forming the data deek;
the numbers oa the imput cards describe the projectile aud its launcing environment. Heading
4wr&a are a part of the -data dek and follow the
numeical data, enept that the Sit cad of the
data deek ideatilas the projefile heiun proemed.
An ezperienced programmer, or oe
having
gien
fY
sii i~jtr tables- u.evi ay
rCa.O
itC
in *
en
a i
data deek; it my * -ifllety to r
emnl am" data pointo
cuhm sdema, whale with
eTApater will print out
the
while
re
Fu!
yai
hn9 sls hnuiy
USAL
stability Must beuqMsd by band.
Mates by-peoda
of tin qpum
be
Wind m
inArdeaud as a variable
if 1411l nat" fro a"d the wlaiffiiest of C&O with
be.
Neeb neudm weir Jmd ed m the p
jealprogram, tha eite pr
,
I t1.0 Must th only ,pulesnt di__sa is shape
ar the shortn~dmer
_oviv the 00pk preje
. The
tineseey eoeb the sylompie stability ot the~~mn
eain
relstaf the man mommen seallnt
" ofrepatfoorm
projsdi andColslawas
~
ndnami maa"Ue
s
the peU
faroer
of the sample peejestil. so the Cm. table staned in
mm'ea was estimatd to be 1.14%, basl an the
W"6d.mme
tmate at N -- 1.11.
Raisple at Dimple P
e Ttj$
meneow
-a
the
301
AMOCP 70642
%projectle.Mas
#--
Ao .
.X
AS
At
(Vcom 0) At
(Vam)At
Averacibg tee
eura.y of tke
-,iqu
are ued to mprmoe the ae"ulatieL
CAIVUW
(1)
(
-r
Daa
06Dm0
-
1Z
d
dYWO by t mn
y
m timme interval
The ronit we AV. and AV, inte third row.
e. Compte V. ed Vr, a the ned ot the tim
imarvel (they appear in the fourth row)
and -m a wmp
Weft"Jts ever the Am time
interva to ompfte As mad At (third row)
md the nsa
med s (fourth raw).
f. C4mut the mow v how. 7
V
T rT
deuerminvO frem = ta -' V./V.; Sad oa
* md dio 0; mad eompiee the t
h tob.
ad"e 0/6 = vp 1--2 x lO-S rand V,1"16 - 0.f0e.
b t6'8
,tries
A
,ed
*--1. Vopw of Gvpmsur Fmem on Aioumd
d. Muliply
i
On ate derivatiem dV,/Wd
&.adv
eurvator. moe
, so we ma write
Ova
-
gd.O
AM(!P 7"s Ul
TABLE 4-4
"TYPICAL OUTPUT
RGA
Tym
"DFP FFK4
O FT
RGT
10
.6.06
.0
.1925.
"46.08
CTL
TEMP
4.0
59.
.4028.0045.000
CD02
OTE
CLP
6.00 -. 014
.350
.001189 1116.0
x
TIME
DRAG
04A DR
CD
MACU SPIN
YAW
"A0
.78
..
2;56
321o;
3109.
W49. 1S78.0
131.3
362
.001
!1
5.85
608.
9110; 1265.9
.396
84.1
.002
4.14
1.16
3.3
.004
.92
6 6188.
10.3
10713.
.29
17;72
1416
58 9235.
MMS
S,
1;"?
M1
;82
.311
1;43
3.03
;.914 1.43
.379
20596;
.
25.72
;00
.40
26:12
-. 01
2208.
13269.
26412.
64.8
8.3
22361.
13267.
26686;
A,.2
276310
12171.
320";
696.
32522;
9173.
37859.
,
3W
4370
42.11
69
- .40
WI
-,
0
*
AM~E hVM .
RI&S
168
4.20
.1
.168
4.28
.70
.176 4.42
866
:78
00
18~ :Wk:
11.7
.009
I2t-5
.0321
TMEA D SPIV1~1
-,,.
4.20
1.43
7.57
J6
8 .: :014
762.1
;43
2.11
12203.
1.43
1.119
1.2'.I61
164W0.
.1l0
44
DIST
THRUST
THETA
,654 1L43
.503 9.80
.671.
%7.5143'
5.73
;866 1.5.3
3.29
.35.
AMCP 706-242
%.4
C4
NV
Im
..
A
0
4 %
P0440
0,
-,,
oN
04%0
,-* .d*04
4
41
0
"9
0o
419
11
4040
,404
I.
4
P404
r4
0"4
vs
..,
W%
I4
%-I
4
iini
,4
0"
1
C4
t%
6M
0d94P4-
P44
vN
s.#
4,
"4 0
cc
00V
r4 @4
C4
r%
*~
C)"
P4, %
gi
.
0
....
4#
04
i'1
an0~
Nfl i-.4
-1
14VoA~
A- 4
Itm.
an-1
a,.
um
ww
0 PI"
R Z
V4 40
r.-.o
.' 0U.,0
P4
04
14 2
coo
,
In
eN met
N
P W %
.
a0
4 %
t.
% P4E
@ 0%.*Pok
04
.C
1(. a-
,4
.4
It.
oo
P~
"041,
04
=0
0
This yslatiohip is alssseed is deriving the *quaSfoe p/V wbich is presented in pwrpvb
5X.4
4-& EFFECT OF PRtOJECTMIE MASS ON
TRAJECTORY
Sinae ea,. does not vary greatly with increming
mgt to
Iiametr ratio, a long, and therefore heavy
seed wil ezperiemee a lower drag deeeration
dX]
2
Integrating
j. V,2
!
"
]+
.+ c
alp
Oat
- 0
gives
ds
dv -J
-.
1 - W~d
(4-3)
The ratio W/d' is ealled "'ectional denaity", and
Iim
C-
-v.
orivmePvrl
(4-4)
the
""- Sim
-a -
ireere'n giv;
in V m+C
sbmeL.
to.,r nor.'
I
3.
(4-1)
(44)
C- inbeegh
Id
V -r.mvp[
Ce
(4Om)
SaZlV..
sm r =
qmea
&
A6
AMCP 106.242
moss m.,6 of the standard projectile -fired from
that gun, then 1'. will be I.w'. than the muzzle*
veloity. V.,.,. 6f the x'anuiaelaadrojectile. Thix is.
dBue to; the- nratee.ity of keepiing the muzlemoticniactuna. snail tljenreon' at-he' nsi on the rri'tt' sysitemi.
asttor below the rapacity 4a t.',evaytem. We can
write
in~*
~~f. a. .u
U
~ irc~...i
.vCS
empL~z
4
,27
an
an
Is
~frontal
11#S
X
sVr
0.40.
. ?)
.4-U
"
of amwe
L34Teemisi Volbdty
Gon
we PCt
V,
rc6"t
~~
.As
.V.
and
AbYer M.4 .0
to
C~a
(Coo
(e. 1'W
as
20I
isoained
a
304.1
AMCP 7I1i-42
drag
IM&L-
the
Cooi
Numbor on Dr
In asI
smop(O<X<O8-t) we
would like to hbve a mnded, h ut &A nseemrily
pointed, ame sd mas
a bemsdlmte &aa
be soo
,od isview of the manny emsewuratlona
........
41
.......
* ..
o Rap"
--
4-7 4 Z
.Inmev
thenSiva tke mead numhbe., V/V
6, whisk the
is M"ing eemduetad. At pela in
tkhe lb
oo0 d of te
0d0 air veodt is
th
01141d he mugitudae an dAiletim but the speed
'-
a.-S
<N < 1.1 -,<
whisk
"jwti
n
u
enad voo aD
.'
"--
.....
..
. 7 .;
.'.'-.'
" -..
...
'
':
--
"-
',
AMCP 706-242
type of stabiliatitou, fuzing, etc. The effect of pro.
*je.leshape is diseumed below.
4-7.A. Surface Raughwae and Irregularities'
huarface youghnem rorresponding to ordinary
indusitrial practice wilt have little effect on the drag
C--eelcient. Surface irregularities, Such As siot,
shallow hole*, and protuberances may increase the'
drag very greatly, depending on their leestion and
orientation. F'uzea am often poorly designed in
this respect and consideration may be given to
covering them by a windshield,
4-7 2 Blunt iese
Blunting the ame of a projectile will, in the
subsonic regime, have 'little effect on overall drag.
The important effect of blunting (short of a completely flat face) is to iower the critical Mach number. Small fiat faces, iuch as appear at the no in
many point-detonating fuzes, have little effect o
drag. The integral of the dynamic piesure forces
over a properly shaped head will be close to zero.
and the forebody drag will accordingly be close to
sero The base drag is thus the result of a premure
deficiency over the base of the projectile; the
existenee of this sub-static (less than atmospheric)
pressure is evident
t~. ~ in
adueveryday
bondamlife in the wake of
4-75,3 Nea
/'
(i
on
.AMC? 706-242
amy
ue cm
aihtyblw htfaa
in.
+Uf
_s. P
=NFC+
la eet
se weWn
asnfacteerpltin fome l a typC.ica e of +alues
can ntepoltio
forulaa tpicl sa ofvale
of the esustanta might be
1.6, b =&0Zc=2
ofNo"as"to
4-4T.2nec
o.coefficints.
4-4..2 m ~astof
~p onthese
TM. im of C * is the auperseetie regimP dePeoft largely aathe shap of the D
]BY the
YagU.Maeemil farmub (3.1.310) we haeIt
Ca
+ _WzJ .*
WbetC istheforboopresur drg (ave
stefabd
rn.da
wv
-
whr F.
and drag) eamponeat of Cp,, is half of the conw
&asg* in degrees, and Nf i Mach number.
AMCP M04-242
'-La
M 1.73
M 2.75
M 3..80
Lz 1.0 CALIBER
L=I.0 CALIBER
Lu 1.0 CALIBER
1z.5 CALIBERS
Lu 1.5 CALIBERS
L=2.0 CALIBERS
Lu=2.0 CALIBERS
1.5 CALIBERS
L=2.0 CALIBERS
ODameiw speNobes,a
at Suwuowc velocisse
4-21
33/
AMCP 706-242
flow"; itm eximutnn- wax a fimatinl
of tlhe gIeom.try
IffmL,
Ion
areSnry.
blast sensitivity.
CD
Cb + Cit. P
am
4.1
i,,
4-12
..
l.
a.srilmsa
.
e9euw
sudy ef theM
Od
ANCP 70626
mafter
*a
*Many
4.4.a
~time
p
*WWf
FbW
Viu..taiiid prmyctileie are affeeted by themnebieat wiye4 anot her way. For a abort aime
rgegrevgv from the munss. the bhtz gags areftwugg forwiird over the fin surfaca. resulting in
a;&Wd'abdummig moeait Whitl can naps"t a
signtlcenst ravifts velocity even~ though the time
@f actions is Ait- It inof great importance that tbw
aprodysiemak
It gefiekt; of tbP fin is
wiedSo he kept as MU asiNOWl.
plmotoggphe off t1e smussir
Wafar
avaiglabl is GSnag tims .xpwea of the Development
and Priest Servaca. Aberidirs Priving Gmad
Howuev
have 1- a
Ww
Y kltral dedecttimsa at
impact, ft
To ereigasssd velocity. fpia
r= time of lughk w
X= ramp, ft
V*= munt.e Velocity. f ps
only variabe in tho abe ex.pression is time
at ighclinbatimbtutiNC 1W T tie eaivahat. a
0 WIN dserAW
wrgiSr .
kiy t
ihin-
W a sWm t
4-4J1. vim
WWIe (8e PreJuStul dePWVV* OsnAM d* @MYthhog absud th wiad. be ra ru mawkgm abig
the "ndtlvier at los Poep I air to the dOl~ Of wiod.
I"4th
a "tipe prMPeti wiln Sa is", the w"nd.
0*0bihsum ;sa-as of the le"ANiuee aistofhe
pMJWeud. Neegtome raw of ""Noc Said trMW wel
ha Is
h bwI
hed e
ED344
CHAPTFR 5
.'CHOICE OF METHOD OF
STABILIZATION
$--I. STADILIY
5-1.1 clsr
Inaorder to heave a small is'taaeed drag, a pmo.
jortil mums, beslow.i P.. theyaw ofthe pruoeiijr
mnow damep to, a omn" equtlabrium imglrearly in
its fiaghl. If 1Wt tawzra~lt Stahl. now Agyr.p
rally atabl.. the Peojei-tde ;11 "Imrnener to fumble
as ;08 as it he'-.. thir muzzle of the gum; if not
dyuammirally mt&Wle the vow of the peojeetuIc will
grow coauamsnu* withe tume, 2b. that the projettile
will tumble or go ato Ima spin aule- thl*exprpetd
time of flight iseVC1 shor.
rrj-tt.n
6--
ae
Facter to be Comosi
wpal
tbeh
I h~s .1ic
hed
o
Slt
p
Fized Am. take tip length without adding to
the payload vruWWm Of the .PIVjeetil.. ftr*Pt Wo
the special cam at an armrw, or muhealiher. pro.
jertale
Ingmm
St. eithr add to the length o
ed.., the volwe bpepadudg " the diesk
a opte d b et m say -mo aMd
At
th emphaml of
thek eOf~tl
0 gaemzmu
ee theRinfMlem ofand u
tilof
d
radme
mmge mini popinlobd pee.o
alWduee andoe
rdo e .'rkme
om an am a
orst the
epnirgAstbiadpoetz hwgoql
up.
Ol
hmx taep-el byvi
peeptaleu ow
ooad oua.I.
o"o
r tbtWlb
frr
Pyol
r.ooms to th eomuary.
the"e are oaerWfd
5.-li 7W
hm at thwreso
t
toe
tArhmuing UostalAlume
le u
ta":s
a. A bmiloab.II~ pe.peelmo ona hepIoe~r I
Pepallitmm to *0 diameter (haveo agreater
Guumm Wain a them owe Wh"o a mpho.
64'
(vs
AMVP 7MUZ4
luiatatic" on
Ableiamd. If the kmgnJi
Iengt (Storing. handilne. koailWg into the
xv'aa are not eieeede. the Ain-astbiliwe projeet-ike may be long enoowh to 'tave an ictertal
volume gpester than that of th.. currespooding spi-stbi'e rond
bThe lethality or' other temia meua
of the roundl may bp isifaired by spin. An
ezample in this catepory a, the .4uaped charge
1,
4,
Vu-t
"round.
g
P~
i lns.,su/
p= maxir
da
body
hfttdaee,
mfiredddaetrf
C
= airsed
moet ea.W n
Ca
ttrnae
u~e
P
&-LL
Mstaaitabid
em*sb taeeawh Anda from
a rifted xvx withowt pwicngt sit emnoug spin
t* lose aefwram, This is dose b) the te of
an obtutator which eweas the rding hat
-iip en the- pnisjsrte.
The Cr isremp
atb~by of a speadaiahltd
-map
by rampatung ti,, the
peujeetile ran he
evnrpif 04it
aIas
V
es.
C.(lF)'
whee VC, =m
hueh
plV = h/ad. whera a iwThe Swint of the uWing
the mumele, tn "14iMi per we... Iuethe
afnitiel stability of the peujertile dvpeade as the
edito twMe sad *aly kaiieduy am MOM
belesky.
If Shia "Mnso em,MLiof.
ne.
. A"@* W"t Ms
AMIOP 7SS.3M
diesel p
l4iug e-.aro". would l1eimapeaetiaea. The
indrect infievoce of muzzlP verIrity arieshfroma the
depe'ndemue of (.*
an 1*rh annaher. thin diepeissdenrc rn rakw iem'*abilii' at rturesd muzzle,
veewifrws.
Conseuticwal projermle.% k~e- airspeed murh
mo're rapilykl than they lea. spin. The value of x.
thuo- nearly always in~weeaxaes the projetile flie-a
Taau".
The stability factors of projectiles fired at high
qua&drant ,lervtiowi ran. unleus projetile velocity
nemsainaied hr rockri thrust, reach quite larirr
Voin" at the summit of the. trajemto-'y. omirs to
eoekerrsw% in. boh velseuty sand air density. Theme.
Weir valm-4 are Pat ele~trinawntal in thefwtmrem but
She rvwseliteus whirsk trdweu I"e-e.bring
a
bout
larg"ite.anrw
IW i the e44ifiklriulf Yaw Of thle Pen
pew i.'Rearrancinig
*5-42.M Guas"
IL6)
se
for tesad rit
et
AMCP 71N;-242
&-2.L5 Method f CmPsatiss Of Prejeci S3Pi
The gyroaopic stability factor ix calelulated at
the mumde lind in often calculated at the summit
of high angle trajectories as an indes of sammitsl
e(
(
(6M (
behavior. It is roeomeaded that the designer comthe muade and at impact. If his computer program does not include a running calculatium of spin
rate, be moat estinate as well an he ran what the
-*
J-
trajet
of
e:.
V 0
l001186) (0.i15)
P1
.9077 -a
.9V)
..
PSk-C
008 U2(1
'
.)(~)
"
-.
"wbe
am emuh
-thte
to be
thte p
h~k at i=st
les aetae
and to atcep whatever iW
alld.
S-jZ
the peeistille
as
aema
odun"ig
ab.. f a
w hp. iste
ashesmim seek as a gaMed U contimues to do.
$
.
bow. is Tbl 5.1 end Tale 52 are -- ,epl
Us*6mm6e f
bhlal andktom d
Use.
T'e tMajoe
ility, Qwing
e dynamie im
greater b
i-ata i
m
of the saeya
wesi
s ysaw& t this magmitudo.
Likely oeto
was found to be
Wil e,,
' i
t
t m p/7 ie
tal pei.
a high ratio of feel w**igtt
weight. tango cNto them the imaimemi may be
obtained by changing the Q-., reducing the efte.
tare roeket thrum or reducing the mualo 'velity.
eductin of the ma velocity is a swim ot aeMp
by redeuei
r wih Q. = 2
"am
le,,
Am
the cbhee
lseity is
f6
nt
atlswbmea
1ie
I
demhsi
mde
A,
AMCP 706-42
1
pieceeinn damping exvelwciy variationi musit be stabl over a wide mapg
pwwant, per raliber
of Mlach namibern. whit-b will alin'it rertainly ina
travel of prvJertile, ealiberv
levrl air detantities.
elude tratumauir apeedi. at Mern
zgroftemdl
Sitte Cit.* u"wally Pralts in *he tratsmia*i rugi~w=phm
veetorsj 1.2)
and the jansraaupw stability faa-tor in invernely proE4Wlibru yaw
L
psesiammal to VAt. , sability may hr at a mini111"
in time t-answit regime. If 'Vm* Ja are not avail.
We art concerned heme with the magnitudes and
able for the full rang of spqeds. e"mates my be
xigma of 'it and Is. It will be meen that the magni.
madle by use of the bhab" of the Cv. va Nack
tude of a am"da vetor will inerme if its anmociated
amhor we.rf of projeedles aisiar to the one in
ILi positive; the larger the value of I~ the more
question. Use df an estimated Ci.* requires a
rapid is the increas in the maignitudle of the voctor.
greater margin at safety an the warsappie *ahbility
The tan $ik
^
of mskm "mPly a ainusoidal
faeto to .insurs that it does act becesme less than
Oscillation between +1 and -1, and between +4i
unity. However, if tnjectory eakiflationg show,
An -i If neither of the two modal vectoms X,
that the propectile will spend only a abort time in
or Jr. eta
"
-.
?(m
CsN4)
r-
ON[c
5-2..1. Np~suo
edalVoates
-46fullill
e at
K,= latInitial
antifism labst
ei proK., - kmd magmitad
1.
Masnada &OP"m
3W gnaew
Useapint
feste,.06 bw
tbe
611t
AMCP 706-40.
the curve. moving honaountally. and using the
foilowing relation:
2? + 2)1
H + 2
J/-
z&Qwhen <I
(Remmber that H eontaim th- faetor pv,2m.)
Na.tX
that H > 0 in one of the costraints aol W.
za the ).. eomputed by the above expremion is
peAitive, and one of the yaw veetor i undamped;
we can estimate the growth of this vector from
exp [I..o I where a is travel in calibers Similarl7,
when the inteseetio lihe below the curve, use at
the abovr expremio for 1.. will rmnt in a
negative value with Which the ratw - ieerese of
)&,w an be computed.
Returnin to the eprmoa fora. we note &tat
C&. is slump positive and ually much greater
The0ator
is nearly a7ways
.(2
_
Plotting this expremion am a curve with 1/Se and
Scoordinates we get
-0
UNSTABLE
S1
ltthnC
%.
8d
Conditions as to t
2.0
i I za. which i mually poitive for spinAabilimed projectiles at supermomie ,,ends but
5 AWte.
negative at trasoie and sohonie speeds.
se. is usually positive, and indeed the values of the
cefficients and radii of gyration (in calibers) are
ae that s. nearly always lie between 0 and 2;
if S,, is outide theme limits, the projctile eannot
he dabihaad bym n.J
In BRL Report 853 (Ref. 48), Murphy dierume8 the imiuese of
4 nti
on the
a functio o the
ty a
<.he,..
=.
liMSote curve: )
106lateMetiC HO
r. ItpNatio lio iM hbove curv: Prpetil
with X.. > )I and may
dyommiesily aable
be gyron
piesk unyawl.
* ,.
Iosa
14
C. +
se bm id ca
this. sonadym
-
,A,
ft
o ,moms
assdelst.
lm
"
hr shre ether
AXCP 70&-242
TABLE S--I
SAXPLE TRAJECTORY FOR SPIN-STABILIZE
AT Q.E. = 3
(SZE APPENDIX I)
S-NCK PROJICTILE
FFO
Fr1
TYPE
RGA
RGT
0 FT
1.0.50 1.250
5.540 .JC1 1.030
.Also
3.0
0.
IS
wrTO
'o
SPIS
SST 0T
TWIST SE
46.0e
1925.
.0 .400 28.00 3.000
WTI
ZO
TEMP0T.
DTE
COD2 CLP
46.08
59.
4.0 .350 6.00 -. 014
.001189 1116.0,
TIME
THETA
X
Z
.00
.90
.03
.13
f.o4
.13
1.74
02
.14
2.94
-. 00
.15
4.09
-..17
02
5.15
0
.03
TIN[,S
5.85
..
1694.
75.
V
DRAG
CO
YAUl
1925.0
.
197.4
.05
.12
DIST
THUST
1695.
.
18,04.4
17S.9
.331
.000
3.93
1.72
1.000
.214
1.43
.3412
.000
4.01
1.61
.997
.234
1.43
1.46
1.36
34,76.3
1.60 ..36
.997 1:,2
.344 4.02
1930: 1787.5 .000
1937.
3156.
I1..
3158. 1704. 1
163.0
.351
.000
4.07.5
1.52
92d
1.43
1.57
5125.
137..
5127. 1574.8
14,4.6
.364
.001
4.16
1.41
.995
.259
1.43
1.72
6867.
113..
6870. 1465.8
129.8
.377
.001
4.23
1.31
.996
.273
1.43
1.88,
8375.
55.
8379. 1375.5
. 117.9
.388
.001
4. 38
1.23
.8
U6
1.43
1.99
RIAGE.K
28A).
V.FPS
1316.
THETADO SPIN
-3.3
.295
@5
*F
CMA DR MASS
HACH SPIN SG
SG
2.04
AMCP 7?6-2M2
TABLE 5-2
5.-nCO PROJECTILE
(S31 APPENDIX I)
0 FT
RGA RGT
Fm
FF3
TYPE
1.050 1.250 5.540 .381 1.030
.4150
WTO
VO
SPIS
SBT OTH TWIST QE
46.08
1925.
.
.0 .800 VL-.00 70.000
WTB
zo
TEMP
DTL OTE
COD2 CLP
46.08
59.
8.0 .350
6.00
-.0oA
.001189 1116.0
TIME,
DIST
THETA
THRUST
.60
1.22
.22
5.62
1.17
.35
15.86
7420.
1.02 16951.
.68
31.25 13%41.
.27 22.65.
CMADR
1.000
.224
1..3
1.3b
8749. 1260.0
78.2
.397
.002
4.53
1.16
.770
.313
1.43
3.00
739.1
8.6
.68
.013
4.69
.70
.,81 1.43
.i96 9.64
360.1.
3.0
.3o1.
.151
4.21
.35
.1.87 1.1.3
.971 ,,8.95
18531.
.
26588.
.
080
336.7
314.18
3.3 :1
.513 1.43
.757 27.51
.683 1.43
.390 4.95
31575.
.,,196
4.13
3.2
.069
.3
60.85 22170.
41728.
819.9
.168
4.79
234.13.
7931
".896.
.
911.0
22.8
.220
4.9
966.s
.253 5.06
.87
-1423
080
6565
-1.28
1189..
70.4
2,6
.. 0.1
7'5
24
.007
.,0...
.76
33.9 .003
3566.
TOW.S RAIGE
I
;
12.,
V FPS
90.
1.43
1.033 56.07
20,,1.
90.
.1.85
.32
17,W.
-..80
81
SG
1.93
1.72
344S115.27696.
.
22E:
0
6
4.85
MASS
MACH SPIN
.331
.000
.80
'".:,
CD
YAW
. 1525.0
.
197.4
.
.
31t4.
5166..
V
DRAG
THETA 0 SPIN SG
-77.3 .289 1.82
.7.75
1.43
.892
.307
1.43
340
3.19
2.23
S
1
AMCP 706-242
.tory
Jump of Sp1d
tsbaMlvsi
by
V. peoee
we
"Tbepath taken by a projectile after having the
=nube of the guns a determined princripally by
vselocty, fps
wind, gravity, drift aerodynamtic jump, and, of
=ywn Voaloelty,
meenram at
th ad of the
rnd/vsn
omume, by the dirsetion in whieb the gus is point.
mn
p = *pin rIue
the mmul.
iig When, th prj e'ik margin frovm
rad/rse
The designer c" reduee the snsitivty of the
=yw, rdims
projetil, to wind by reducing C,^ or baolning
dwr by rocke threa; be emn dem the mud4oand the bagiary multpe, 4 ahow "at thesdue to varying gravity drop by
ro
d'
iWWt
yaw to jump is at rightnag
tribuatin
goo obtueratio which roduia rounid4oround
Is the Idireh at the Yaw. AwymmarW al the
Drift cabsl nem
eartlaInm .vlocity.
peJeb ids
a NWe teo to th eapnia fhr
May mauhthm rnd to rnd if de projeetat
a
so a Wa we adeed m tn edo IAnid
kI pt maeL In th dierdvenui we wMi simply
FwOR?
o4 th awmme'; MMpby, cow
e dnt'
wid gravity "d df oqW to as,. s
"at
doha the tasnovemas oscpeeMasts the "Weety
Meab, ?voeons~ Jump%3d. in. ItUfhoa* m
Ibat
A MC P 706-242
...... ........
......
. . . ... . . .
. ......
.
....
..........
... ..........
.......
...........
.......
........
.. ....
......
..........
.........
...
..........
............
.......
..
.
................
. .....
......
..
.........
..........
...............
..............
444+44-W
.............
.. ..............
.....
......
----------.............
......... ...
...
....
....
....
...... ...
... .... .
...
....
......
..
..
... . .......
........
...
..
....
.
..........
..
........
............
CIL
AMOP 706-202
that projectile asymmetries be kept as mm~li a is
economically feasible.
.3. isusallyso small thattheasecond term in. the
jualh equetion in about an order of magnitude
smaller than the first. However, it *the bore Plearor if there in a strong erexnee iusuwtawally lgI&M%
may be. large and the
Yaw
the
gun,
the
at
wind
sm. nd term cannot be. negleed.
L varies from round to round. Mlod obtura-.
tion will, reduce its msgustude.aud the magnitude'
of the variation. For a low drag projectile.
Cz* /CL. is approxiimately equil to the distance, in
calibers, between the "~. of the projectile and th'r,
e~p. of the normal. force. lncresasng this distance
will reduce 01 for a given 3. but the design changes
which increms the e~p.-c~g. separastion, much as an,
increase in the length of the projectile, often also
increase V,. Bosttezlzng will decrease Cz0 and
----- n
Cm te ep~e
ncrasig
.ineess
ineraseC,,,inceasig te e~.-e& aeeraion
withot much change in Vg . Since drag is also
&decresed boettailing has a very beneficial effect
on performance unless the stability of the design
is impaired; thi must be checked (ace paragraph
5424.). This diacussion of aerodynamic JUMP
applies only to dynamieally stable projectiles.
jump
fis
~biase
Aeflam
etes
-A~~
S--&
Jm
e~ymejm
,impne
Vw*
~ n2
ton I&
When L. 450. the change in reang is negligible.
At 0 = 15* the change In rAng, in mils., is ro'ut
f&U
ANOP 706.242
Us Unae as great as the change in departure a&ge
(in mifliradiana) due to aerodynamic jump, mo at
jow quadrant .elevations i-mp is an important
factor in rang accuracy.
=Postof
S-L6.2Morzosal
5-2..6. Cmpaeatthe
Nerzeaal
The horisontal component of Or producsa
horisontal deviation at the point of fall of the
projectile, whink is proportional to the arc length
of the &ctual trajectory. Since the deflection dispermo of rounds fired for range is usually reported in mila based on the mean range, the elfect
of a given horisontal jump is multiplied by the
ratio of the are length of the trajectory to its
howisaatal projection. Again we can estimate this
rati mte
vauu
1
odt, giving
Are 1
--
L,(
------
2&LwcsO
tan.@I
2"
-N
-min
"5-.IGeneral
TMe ineonvenint fact that the center of promure
of the aerodynamic forcam an a projectile body is
slmost invariably forward of the e~g. of the body'
ear be couanteracted by placing lifting surfaces
(Ass) reaward of the e~.g. If, when the projectile
is yawed, the moment produced by the lift fore.s
an theAm isaapsatethan that produeod by the
fWoese = the body, the net mtoment, will oppose the
yaw a&Wthe projectil will be statically stable.
In Wokbolie uotaaa, we av
Car*
0".8,*+ CjrProblem,
*
C1- , Cue..
MX..
*~C.P~
4F4, (Xr
-.
Xe.#.)
Car*
C.P. Che
+mup,
+
.mounted.
C.P..C.G. Separation
ilb oie nteaoeeutosta
X0z.P.
_Xco. is egtive, and Cit. will be negative
if the projectile is statically stable. C.P.-C.G. is
then also negative, but this quantity is often referred to simply as "ce~p.-.eg. separation, " in callbusa, and 6rcated as though it were unsigned.
The optimum magnitude of the c~p..c~g. separaI
defined.?i
For minimum, sensitivity
&_..3J yk Type
The choice of fin type is obviously a trade-off
involving the Utilities of projectile volume,
accuracy and east. Establishing trade-elf
curves far aeah dasign, determining optimum points
for eack design and then comparing the optma
would be along pro.m It is doubtfu tWa the
caidse will ever be made czplicitly in th" wy, but
fl i iMMs narrwnag of cebmsea mot fallw
AMCP 706.22
expected lift. This red cm the projectile volume-tolength ratio. If low drag is important, the long
bosua required further reduces the useful proeie volume.Arrow
u
5--3S
The large muzzle energy obtainable with large
caliber guns offers the possibility of launching a
light projectile at very high velocity. If the light
projectile is reduced in caliber, its weight per unit
deceleration due to drag would be *o great as to
moon reduce its velocity below that of a heavy projectile fired from the mine gun. But if the light
projectile is reduced in caliber its weight per unit
of frontal area (sectional dedsity) can be ineramed up to the point at which it beeomne a urnsful item for employmment against armor, oving to
its high striking velocity. Since theme subeelibes
projeetil" are Usually very long in proportion to
their di.metere, they mug be finsabilized; they
ar referred to a "arrow" projeetile.
5-3.3.1
N-5---A
Obtaratle
Good obturation is important for both spinand fln4tabilissd projectiles, especially so for the
Anetabilised rounds. It has. been achieved by the
me of rubber or plamie rings on or near the cylindrieal portionof the body, orby the umof a -` 4
of suitable material placed behind the projectile
(pusher obturator). The obturator is sometimes
given the added function of holdin folding fins in
the closed position; the obturator must then break
up m imrgenee from the muzdle, usually no probisa with rubber or plastie obturator, which am be
mt~ehd or, if mammary, segmemted. Obturtors ou
smetr projeetila mast break-up into wall mnn.
S-3.U sabot
The apaes between the subecailbw projectile
and the gun barrel is filled by an annular device
called a "mbe." The fis, attached to the body
ear its base, have a span equal to the gun caliber
so that tbey and the sabot, which ns usually placed
near the e.g. of the projectile, form two riding
surfaces which keep the bore yaw of the projeetile
MalL
If the projectile is propelled by a pusher
obturator, the sabot has only a caetering function
and am be relatively light aMd Ightly attached to
the projactile. However, the 3aet must often promost',of the
vide th obturation and trmit
aesbot
medeuating fores to to-the projectile sine
------.
..
....
*--l-
./,. .
Te umt
proecile
dag
then
arttkta
mLVWbtwen
end-latm
md
often emt-phiab
the Amamda
While
he
th dthdragns ptes ain theup of thoied wrow
thiedr~ug. thy bmte S-m w
thbea lift
of thefii
m j oh
doe am
C%
and Rombb
mad
aslin the
bboti rum
a&
w
bb- dw fort that Ms~way
*ubbeft
of tb
.
bsftbgey
bsoflaw dummw
iwm
a.7
of
so.Abmm ks
M, G*wtpyii
miob1wya
up5a
m46*t
sm sin artealay
avm
p-t"6
re ss
-L.
C,
CoC
*pe
rumeg
4a
i th tra
m
e d vco
el
and &. aatneses. he.
acthe@
Mee
yawett was
euey cm at cedayaw
the.
Lr
he
ai pdsmodb foraeu
y~
t il.re p
iwesmoy
ustus~wiyie
eeco tepee
weu~mc
the
a
fte ofe thes Amt
649
bi*7 of tw -. t
a,&4
1 asdn6b
tWi t raety
duin
C.mo
digit StC, ll stc
-vw
x.
suam
stesb
"
4 a"the
o agnt
rac1% ofthe raw f th
boo thhmme
in wbo
tmeh u ws 61 of k
WS of
yaial
qdaasatw)m
8a ad scre pr)Wj
fewd
addme
w :bo fewsor-m
suname by sm odwcaa4
-W
do
dy!enddmtic stawbir; h yaw. truk isepar,
-cus achr
M
ainntotthe
arm Am otaied is
.-
n 1y
gable;
Oey~e
of the ~
Pemitig ammidwn is in mm
thSQW& e bagU
themof Sm.c
- Wu e
saotdomgaa
by
A~s the
as hed
Ust
ella.r
gb
ppro-lshvigu~ p
An d P m' (a Petr&md
prailmdppues
tui.
be iatoaW2
.C h.plte
drag
themoe
te mul#14p
mbst ding.of be sabo may strik the Ann, m
ptapte b-
if the
prpeeb
lev
momnubc
Th
dumtda (eratImie
the&Mofth)
te.Me.
t
Cmatafl
ifa-r on.e
to heproecilebyswa te.
th~ue
beay
and
In I
fteday
la.
bm
aisoa
as I-o
isL4aqv
W sin is
1-j
46ratdwIDmsma
h etowo h fp
WWW~N&
-ra
jtet
jat,
be.esd.0
a
AMC(P 70&=4
Tom"u
5-3A.
bytie"O
roed
mis
Wham the tarqu
boomiheg up
iLe.,
caniting.
by
or
bws
nmbering the
aportionofmebw is. tht spin torque a prouesditn
Wah sea. in opoit
6e
by the itC q~ans.
?b aw a whack the air Am ever tAs projectile
oftika the Gsm depeds as th span rA.; as the
ota
f the mated
*u TOM MWOM the asietea.1m
psr"om of the in dweei'
--W th s
oru
'
doe-amuntilitjut5baksomthedftdf5*n( w
by then Incus..
teeqaae
-2.0Oper radi~a
C"
am,m
. f
as O0O73 aadie.
V~.4
SM
IF -100fps
C1,
O0.
L6
Tbis 1 '46
V
p.
Ca, V
= qilbiu
wbes6P.
C4,
C,.
ei
at, red/waewhh
"*Man .m
31
C.
C
u C&s
Ofi
is the So hit "obest
La ~ ~ eeD ~ ph
of
5.444 Com
s#b3yes 3h
-m Inmtiwe of the
-wM "paroes The
myth
by arise "she 8pi MWe UAm
-o
~
mwasea
Alm amsI
bep1119
bd
om
Ci
be
plsem
im
e'g
In PeeWvp
ofwth
bbsbhesi of drefiesi
This No*"e
64.4
at dia,
to spw.d
"1MFh
SHM
-.
Nbsw
to avoid see
~esbta
dymmieK
w
view
1413
CS.
f Co.C t
oft
ftsoh
-sw
be
m
e, bo 4&*
If the Am hoew sot
-he's ewipemS hr CA, A, mno Not givs a
-o t
glue)
eda. oft&a $vhe tan
~~~mi
Ca
qmahherimm oqeesc
I,
&, C
13rW./of
In
$-"4A.1 Gesecal
be"aa
It is iftopast Wn
l-
C,
-21 Mv/se
Yb. OlsuhetiM a " amy mogtiw
neuasdbteepvm.
a,
is
a"
pop_
NWf
e
vwft
ouoo
* AMCP 70&420
4 iK USa~iema MWV fM*
aigai
006P.
rA ll
* when of apma, a, appeeasas sm san
d l/1s, basown
a huge negatw anamber. Reame the panbality at
dynamic isatabillity ia wash who* the Spi is wal.
4L 010141ini.
.0 c 4 4t'dimod
* I~
Ca,,a-2J~m~aa&-"-I.
-qa"
*Tbon we have,
S41,V8dg
~ Ivhw.tat
*-(4)
-=.s
Dwia
Jr
T1
what
Murphy-* ""tiessinisfruae
so
-
5-*1Mag"
Fkis, Id
-cmoin
46, vneftothA" hiamaetift of
ad A
eaa
.n
whic
ftd60
1
bw
Sd6ealwomme"
It 60 uadm~iagqat
MleI hre.96 ft
~ft ow mod
~ it
or the
and
mo
ad ate am, be& to a =@NW
it "mie""
among doew.
hemabd
a~
hr Pw wha
The hawass in ew, mums of
grew* of the Isomude d ft eed~ay lprqmn
01%Ies, an " soa swa bp Qww
damping to
-JK
doqpom ow by in bahawarity; *0
he
wa
ya al proes~o my ham.t hyp asovo to
""Is
5-4.72
~~
~OW
MT
'rmsi
I~+
at V 14000
15.2 YW/we fps at ans
76
he
S-"2W Cmupoda
one
use liky to eoinewd. viah the
Sousiamrqsq'wbiaisSim by
"me~~~~
Iwk
1+!it
* ~ ~
+V
~
~ mi 21 41
V .J
2r,
Pm
706-20
figuIuw" M
EiiU~pwso
so P. a~P ahew p.'. sume Lath P. San
ValIONI the tM.A.teefy do aft alter thoe p4~p, ntaie.
S-4323
o*09P
to Avoid Iumeme
mit
wilhe..Intrutu aps
thatasIn
is
aiaar dawky wA othakieAsw-or
p
~.
and
471
so und noeumteria
link
SWW
PramaLb
ph
b gu mae 1" an
*" he&thmmkde
fin an amnf am" to peede a
The roa lef It * pe~tb
vpeno AM #sap
p
OWONOh . iM gFUmwy p 4 Whed*
Ob0
a" he sq
Ow*
mumor,
esodly S&Mdafly
a" this
0m
1 i
n"s
the
US~ w~P'i
NVAmm.' il he aatwoplh
itws he ymin
sm,
-wia
GA"
d"
(vs. < 0)
we
Worn oll
the rma
leftm 6"he guim the p.p.uitetew V
aqha
ethmu
@km Ipsth
the v
admlofp
aSam.6
thelv
Ondloodumo"
6
w 68 yoviag 0am04
6"poulf V--X
bn___pa
thw
aa ousl
n
thme he.
__Mbnodofeeb
Vqw
*.ws
ad
aa
mse
t lbm
gub b reprte
u i - n pm
d SM i Ghe min g to
am meftasm be
6
-otwudue
"MCP TI0&242
moaments not eonsidered in the diassions in this
handbook ean offset the in torque, causig the Spin
to roemai at the resonant frequency long enomg
for the yaw due to asrmmetry to grow c&AsastrPhiemsly. Giving the peOaectile, a Spin at emerge..mid as equilibrium-groster than P, is the metod"
resommemie4 in thin Imadbook fer avoiding rol
l1ch-sn.
jmp f Fa~kbil~odbeen
5__9 Arodnamc
5-4.
Aeodiamacjum
fjoectiles'where
Projctils
All of the natenal on the aerodynamic jimp of
NpWa4*&bilimd
ebsalp
in f-P.44g MOPMPmsILn
-f
xparation are the quantities of interaLt ?in%.abilized projectiles whic arn statically stable art
510FnEfc~ma
a
531
mEotvs
tSpenmeSed
(Rat 12'b)
With lo aspect ratio* fie of the order of LO
orlse b span to the predamant factor for
producing high normal foe s.meie~ts. HOowver,
when spaus are limited to no greate thean am full
body diameter, the optiuma chord keag* muo be
determuined. Foe a Azaed span there is a defaits
limit to the chord length that will giee th eg1
comination of normal fores and most ramasrd
CP Tme normal fores homed on body frontal
wv dfrn
with intronmag Maeh mumber far
a Comstan OWa and emonast eloed, and Jt deareems
=setrapidly as Ow obed is sherieaL Thinma
ont
nm~~~Ie
spumabl.l
dmsMeti9000
huIke tht h Am
dof
h..,,js...~
~~
aetKob
a
"OsAsmr igrase
x
em t"
do soeemal term. Yb.
nw 1
is ,
kinob appeas is he I -o
alibre .70 and IA dependent on M"As Awmber.
?r larg er hod shenid be usad far the high.."
Mtark aumbera
The effect of leadinegedge aweepAs in MOW-gi
if om ~ant
be on far as normal fee.., insnre
ame land an"p rumatinohld. Prom the vang
theoY itheft within the tip MS ash n, is appeezi.
mately %,at the td
emlamo Thin in
mused by a pressure hahp wround the tips feom
*ASP=$ "Meb dead~ bod 0 00se~
msmo
OHL "s a aespw
A0664e r eso @sendme a
isah Most Osbivim
l am (Of a pk so 6)
Was"
V~mgb~m
vemderb4&*Jhwd
we
~~~~
Sotanlive
~
pi~ psal
~as ~ ihe teMs
~ Me~
-woe ~
Poomoni
110
am
hsum
pm.. peaks"
WO le
.~.~
lo~sea
s edo
aobal
0m
(s"wee) hoon Masae.
G
ey
a" 800 aup=
n
enok
.om
Oka asnn
stM IFC#-
nwb
~
temsre
e op"
en
s
~ihse
In Was
~i~
s
-aed
E'-a--
AMcP 70"d
the Wm to the-upper oniates. If iner of the in
aufam is aftted by the tip Maeh come. the lover
the towa normal for~ will be and the furthr forward the C.P will mown.If by a~e smetho we
Psab Preven th" premeare &vkag, &Feam the
tipa. we *wAu!
be &Wl to twuibm~memmoaluw a
thevdimeaim ar
ufam. Lad plating the In., was
attmpted Bly thin mertbod it wa foand that thep
An mnoral farm. teM he increasued sm mavah as 40OA
IeIending upon the amount of in ares afemtd by
the end
aman he amouvet of end plato width.
The sad plate in amagains the plain Wai n the
This SArp bad restoring umomets 31% pester
anW meek imitter ammacy. The damping oee~iemta
wore alhnare
w
far the mnd-plated tasl11 On
eta
the plain tail, and thin eamd the awre stablmoed
to damp fa %~amplitude in fever CYCIN.
A emplet end -la width weald he elaAWe
as a shreaded or rung tail. Iperimsestal evidece
at low, Unac u~mat shoved that the shroud bed
a awe" temimny to eboke or Width the air Saw
sem the to Wamnke'. thv*ereymming pow &SV
sever Ohme mrnrnm This iin torn esmad pour
ifting romlb Howovor me the fligh woleltue.
Ism. hemi raisd to high Math Dambo,. the tmn,
damey for tefiew to choke betwee the Am and
AMCI 706-3t2
CHAPTER 6
'ROCKET-ASSISTED PROJECTILES
-A
6-1. GENERAL
The kineti energy which a gun can impart
to a projectile is linited by- the diamietur of the
bore, the kenoth of travel of the projectile in the
tube~, and by the cumv of chamber pressure va
travel. The umunce energy can be increased
by aming a bogwer. huager or thicker Can tue
thus isncreaing the am of the wes-on and*.,
important. decreasing its Mobility. But imageiaeul
lHmited by the hineti amea supplied to the projectile sinee sa" feto- of snmjeesoqy mabtuects
frome the kinesia tcrgny an amount equal in
Magnitude to the dreg farce
To increase rang, or to incresse the pay.
load carried to the sums reap, or to increase
~the vWearit at taret Impact, without deresasi
the mebility of the gun, the tAt step in to reduee
tde drag eedhis" of the projetile to 0me a
value as Weeepatihht with -the projeesila velne
rquired by the projectile's minm. ?1e amasnt
step is to add hiaeth energy is the pnjeshiIn
ftbL
by Werslsngthofthearb ofte es~ile
or by eacrilcing ses of the warhead valume,
a rocket motor can be included in the projeesike
The scehet thrust adds kineti seterg to the pmojOesije in flight. The resuating projectile is sailed
& " foektt4aeWWe Pftjeetk,"Or, OqUlvaleatlY,
a. "gun-boasted rocket." The burning of the rocke
fuel am be esatroiled, or 'proprammad," to be
law then the drag fom., aupozimately equal toJe.
dreg or Tery mso" greaser for a short period.
The additien el a wes"e wsow bvmenuAs
OW of the peajehil md nerseesp the storag
sqain required for a givea dutruetiv eapahility.
(j
)A fL P... A
b
P. sm chamber pre
A = bon sm
L x bare travel
Ir
AMG? 706-242
--
P.-A
-a-Ps
oA
A
ft
P..,
Vft,
Mj."
_______ba
10
AMCF 706442
CNAPTIR 7
LIQUID-FILLED PROJECTILES
?--L GUUAM L
jeceiwa having an uiw ~aviy wbb
partialy at completey 511. with liquid an, a
special. came of the elam of projectila'having a
aaagi jatemua structufe. The yawing motion
of a projetile bas mamlly suchb a low amer owteit that smi tranders of ewsw between the
ktamuda part& and the wal of the projectle caon
hIngrm the yaw aigmiiantly. Whem the am of
the izipd Put is lWg re ?*ito the sm
of the projectile, asmits in the jose of mum
liquidWied peniecalem th, yaw my Wmarn wy
rapidly.
The ietbdiliy of liquid-ed peejeedi asbw
bee. studed tihueeticaly ma ndezperimtmily,
~~by Karp"v. Smut, Mibbe, Stwarteem an athes'.[a
Soeme of this weuk is reported in Rate. 71 to I&.
mete
TMhaesfwuigmatss i ASet omplete; thebw
vrah mpva ourIUwftag
ammie in t~.hie
'foot (1564) seemeets MA .pmaion.
61&)i
I.,p
=z
nemt st lwtia
ammu
oa ~ wene vbnfes
= tri
,,eatuamw ofrg amtof
pFojeetla
sdue-h
c
mtthe
a
=aacomtrslbAd
vesiity ol'the liqui;
mm
uw&
Iimeia of liquid parts,
elue its
=swaill inm at e,
AMCP 70&142
centric cylinder oAcu:,pying the full length of the
cavity.
7--3 Spia Ra
Sth
fill is acquiring a spin rat equal to that of the
projectile wall, the tr fer ot a
i
tum
hfre wall to liquid will redufe the spin rat d the
waD Thenldeta
'
ia spin rate mway be vey rapid
if the liquid fil has a high ivbe ,ity
or if bsMn tied
to the projectile wall are placed in the liqui On the
theory of paraaph 7-3., sbove, that the angular
momentum of the liquid does not contribute to s.
th. projectile may become uistable. However, the
tranqeent period is tbe meabort that barn (or
11lA
""
l.
retiterie
of instabity
AXCP 706-242
CHAPTE
RANGE TESTING OF
PROTOTYPE PROJECTILES
3 --. GENERALVery few Projectiles are eoanpletekv SUtMsiatory as firt designed. metw parts famue is rare,
but the firs test Snaip ususAly show th#A either
range or accuracy is naot as good as was desired
or ezpected. In instances where the first group oif
ten or fifteen test roundai fired gave eliolent results,
a second group has often failed to confirm, the good
results of the first. Conclusions ane drawn from
thebehvioofthetatrouds;degn hanes rc
madebhvon
the
obasi
Pounth
s; docsioncange
.an~
preontoty erounds oftare
made
tsin
and
new
and change sequence may go on thtough many
eylsbefore an acceptable design is reached.
The difiulty that a designer may encounter in
tranilating a round from the drawing board into
a ume"u weapon is described in the following exseepot from the repost of IL 3L Dickinson, rk. ZI.
lads of Ansalar Bmwg ea" Grooms, and of B4d
L'ndwrcsts @n the Aerodyneami Properties of a
Cose.Cpkwiedr Projecl~e of X = 1.72 (Ref. 80):
Often, in a projectile's progress frmth o
signer's drafting board to the assembly line, there
are many changes made in the details of the pro.
jectile's contour. As a result, the actual aerody.
snkm performance of the projectile may differ
from that of the designer's prediction.irng
Almia* aH of th baedsindt on
tils concerns itsel with smooth contour and
simpe pomewtrie shapes. When practicelalonidsra
Mass eater the picture and fuses have to be at.
tasbed, reliesh hae" to be machined, rotating bands
hase to be added, a projectil, which x mayhv been.
originally, an e010121 cow, attest fills abort of OIL.
-uad
"Mhengineer, whM traselate
the belliod"'an
firing
a. Individual weights and dimensions of all of
the significant Mespcsasts of the round.
b. Weight and center of pravity location @1 the
praied* inslading ift simulated Istha
h
a. Amount of aeectiefty of qpeee camps.
mate relastive to a ism eisrsa SZKs
--
AM(:l' 70114242
when souaembled into Iii- ;,umplete projectile.
d. Axial andl tramvenar moments of inertia.
(Moment of *.nertia data may be omitted if
the projectile is fln~etabilized and it is known
frozo a prer'oua test that dynamic stability
in not a probIam.)
e. Surface hi glarities which could cause di.
ruption of proper boundary layer fiow.
f. Round number or other identifieation, whc
should be permanently nuarked an the proSpeexperiences in the manufacture of proto-
rjcietmf.
ofd
The primary
and unbiased test me
eltisto acqluire
malte. Engfineering
mnut mot be based on
emelmiu that ane
unsond; aeseordingly, tii t1WMKt ,m lnndt poie
It in the
daaLie a statisticala
~perio
respossibility of the tafing o~r
pletismi of thetled, as pkawnd,or to reeorany son.
ditim which w ~adoeepLetion impractceaL
The two typos of tests, dtats tasting and eight test.
ing, are described below,
-76).
(6) a"
d 1*
b. ls'mg~mentation studies
r. Smoke tests: chemical type, shape, valume,%'~density, etc.
d. Rocket motor performance
e. Propellant and high explosive ignition nyetells
M,n of ths sttctsIivov einf
Man of them sttctssivov
tin
AMCP 706-242
h. Terminal velocity
( Not always
i. Time of ight
observed
j. Chamber priue
k. Early yaw
"22-32. Instrumentation
:Subsequent field tests may be uondueted u.lder
localized weather conditions, sueh as at the Arctic
When testing projectiles for distance, the accuracy a measured in these two ways:
a. Probable error of range; indicating the di.
tribution forward and aft of a calculated
mean range,
Instrumentation
Teat Branch, Big Delta, Alais
available for recording flight data are:
a. Photography: Pictures taken at mussle show
growth of smoke cloud which is related t,,
adequacy of obturation. Sequence ph*-*a
tivity.
b, Yaw Cards: The projectile a fird through
a sries of strategically located softeard.
panels to record the attitude of the
hecordedboard
projectile relative, to its line of ft
c. Radiosondes: A smal radio trnsmitter
built into the projectile is actuated upon
firing. An on-ground receiver, being amitive to the roll orientation of the tasmitr
antenn, is " e to rescrd the spin history
e
i gun
b. Quadrant elevation and asmuth
a. ude velocity
of the projeeiae.
d. Radar: RAdar tracking can pmid. position
&-%U=
__ __ _ _
.. ....
..
_.. L
..,.,.,,,,
-N
AMCP 706442
CHAPTER 9
MANUFACTURING TOLERANCES
on parts
Cost factors necesitate that tolerances
9--L1 Preba
1%n misaligunent relative to the longitudinal
9-1.2 Asayiels
A simple regreon analysis of in misalignment
verms distance of hit from center of impact will
pmduce numhben indicating the afeet of misalignnsit. If the analysis indieste insignificant cov.
relation, the toleranmes ea the fin dimensions whih
4e0trol slignssment may be rokzd.
The predicted probable error in rangs, in peraent, due to each variable is therefore the product
of the probable error of the varWa and its as.
8soiate sensitivity factor. Under the and wsumption that the enor. arc independent of each
other, the resulting range probable erro of the
projectile, in percent, is the square root of the sum
of the squares of the individual products. Vector
sums of this type can be significantly reduced only
by reducing their large components. Obviously, a
significant improvement in the range dispersion of
-ecket-assisted projectiles could be obtained by
reducing the round-to-round variation in specific
impulse. In the absence of roetl thrust, variations
in drag coefficient 5ecome moa significant; aiapersion might be improved by closer control of the
external contour of the projectile.
The foregoing paragraphs apply to high angle
indirect fire. As the quadrant elevla on is decreased, the relative iteportance of the various
factors ehanges so that in direct fire the most im.
portant items are quadrant eemtion and aerody.
mini jump.
962
IADIX 9-4
PROBABLE VARIAZILMT OF ROCKRT-ASSISTED PROJZCTILI
C19AXACTIRISTICS AND SEXSITVIVTY FACTORS WEId
AfECT RANGE
Prou"~void"t
of N"o
Mase vlo
Tcity
71Wl Weight
Fie!el 8pde IMAWa
red Druning ago
Drag Ciodiisg
eNO"aw
A5.8
1
A5
AT
iA
Los
jo
AIq.I
Qusisty
~a sism
10
ud 09 46'
ekw3
16M v437
Am"&~ mod 30 fps mab voaqey vM ty at,
t I.s e the m, &II.
* ash
Ko sube d im
omhaiq limb of *e tujsprory. smorinaie I* tmA.
aeedMinis "at as Takle .4. we s thus a t
yagm at %,~ im
the oupse
39" masuh YIUMAin
A.
belm to U.0w, doe a -d hW~in ishoe e *0
moment "d dampig sao
~ '.e.
A
at
A.ee~
~ ~he*in
Tomtw
0 a* nqf
mu"ad&O
7m
fro
is-64 voif
fg~* u
dos
wop
is
see sif
W Aims m
*daim.1MOST
miet kt-6bwM
o he
moim"
Ages
16Mw
^A.o esporia defttw
e Imp
lems1d
to tob ~n shem
bmb
6u dome swodoo
mew, pmwbe.~ F."" i~shbl
qd* amis
hooi
01
f
*%0
AMOP "940
TABLE
"SAMSTItJUMCTORY
SPIN-STARILIZED PtOJCTILI,
101 IS-7.
Ffo
FFM
TYPE
RGA
1.0co 1.000
.175 .369
wTO
Vo
SPIS
"147.50 3000.
WTI
Z'
TEMP
147.50
,
59.
.
RGT
D FT
1.297
o730
SBT OTM TWIST
OE
.0
DTL OTE
2.0 .350
C002
5.80
CLP
-. 015
.Uo1189 1116.0
TIME
THETA
I
Z
DIST
THRUST
.00
.78
V
DRAG
CD
CMA DR IWMss
YAW MACH SPIN SG
3000.0
562.1
203
.000
3.62
2.68
1.00n
.314
1.58
1.95
.06
3.16
-75
.07
7.92
.71
.10
U13.61
.64
.12
6895.
6709.
9621. 2577.8
.
366.5
.222
.CO1
3.73
2.36
.806
.342
4.58
2.80
14.749.
1315.
20213. 2198.8
. .29.5
.2Wo
.002
3.87
2.07
.6"2
.379
4.58
4.17
23745.
21066.
31770. 1858.3
.
140.3
.260
.003
4.04
1.80
.509
.428
4.58
6.38
21.01
.52
.279
.007
4..30
1.54
.4108
.1491
1.
9"
30.
.31
.23
43.01
4,5,0,.
3371T..
1282.1
50.1
.307
.015
1.61
1.3D
.322 11.58
.5n 15.55
60831.
72479. 1108.3
.332
4.99
.28
.30
r.8.01
76566.
9#.*332435.
88752.. 1092.1
42.0
.335
.019
5.08
1.10
.342
11.58
.627 16,.30
.326
.010
11.93
1.1
.116 11.50
.5s 8.93
.325
.OS
. 2
1.16
..
.16
.30
1058311. 1193.1s
01 90373.
73..78
2221..
69.4
.30
88:01 1017.8. 121,10. 1265.5
1-.02
7M.
124.12
.30
Tow 3~ RA~al
V FPS THTA
95.16 32331.
1247.
.-
PIN SG
.2S3.92.95
1.
4.
4..21
A.MCP 706-242
TAUS~ITS-=U P~jxCTTU.1 no
16
DATE
IYP OF TUST
Fma t1fht
147.5.
16
wave,
WWO
~MIuzzleP4sOcWfps
W. ow/Cal 0.304
'wi/caali-
Din=,
N25
01.4
Mach No,
loamoom fmo hmm-6ue
LL.0.
LdAV4'20.
ke.I
....
as 0.86
4.75'a 0.2S
'Oft,
c1
P110
.2A
5.8 at all Nb
0.76 O.5
o,
1.250a7J
-1'10
C,
0.250.1
1609
'
2.Sa
k~ml
1.297
x a .6
1.8.
-0.7'a 0.2 -0.6' 0.5
"LE
swam
2.4'.2
-4
966 (ff.
W.b
3.0'.?
.04
0.1 a.4
0.23 .25
0.22 .IS
.92
3.400.)
3.1 0.1
1.3 00.1
1.061 0.46
CAM,
9P6
a.0.2
0'*."0146
.. IL.0.73
1.0 0 1.1
.1.3s p 4t
9.01
ins~a
m~t.E
1.0
.' f4
0.57 # .03
su~z
0..76 *101.6.
0.90 '.0)
?MLI16
Ws lot
AMCP 70"U4
O&OW U4437
3144sh
1.14
mbu:
Air denity:
p - "D~OW
Cm.
cap*.
-0.25
Cme + C11j w
AmsWn& =0.873s
of
A
m
nh
im of
tram
rad
oft
571fm = 0.3
)h
.1gwpsh
m
al
=L?.
(i~
f& )
frok
Me/3
p+
Dymnodlybo"
44~7
AMCP 706-242
GLOSSARY
74164-,412
A*i'
GLOSSARY (cont'd)
hew wave. A shock wave caused by the compremion
of air ahead of a projectile ii flight. When this
ware touches the tip of the nose of the projectile.
it is called an "attacked bow wave" or "attached
hoeck."'
3MML (abbr). I.S. Army Ballistic Reearch Laborstories.
h rate
amuliag ratu. For muLl prulvellma- fN6.. the
of motion of the burning surface (normal to
itself).
hezuest. The termination of combustion in a rocket
motor,own to ehaustion of the propellant gap-
mtt.
ceat~b.
we k-vrL li to,'#) -.o 32 X 10-* k.. the stanfleud denity of dry air at WV a=W 14.7 psi,
is 0.00"iTS slug/ft' (NACA 1M).
dwivatkm The rate chane of one variable with
respect to another. In projectile aerodynamica,
the rate of change of an aerodynamic wsoeiint
to the toxse
f ipeamct. CNewast
en
Celeahedn them& it
iffer
of
thM
of a givrenstadt aredynamic
arahaltt
e
di
ed a ownt disaemv.
"b- de-
0 We
*3
m.
Lha.c
ram hs
W4m
$ aade
--
being perhaps
vla isi
in
a
mi
sto
of
impct or burst
the datana him the Point
of thu ,A.t to the ester of impadt Or beatL
to a
par,
ir
oear.
er
t my tm e s Finx os thMe
& -ninS of the peopellmut shar. This puure
etile am tr
su pilA-
. wThem teringoffvee
(orpspeof gum).disue
by she samegum
ehoa
ie:-
Pn
run
hbi
ia ae
atiaof
dier
.mew a
mwhic
length of 50 calibers or 25 fe
ite-
Cal
AMCP 706-S22
GLOSSARY (coat'd)
diverging yaw. In the flight of a projectile, if the
angle of yaw uerem-; fnrm the initial yaw, the-
form factor.
whick
(q.v.). bosed un
of guraity.
jeetile, pea to the det
aem. 1. The difvme between as observed or
eaolulated value and the true value. X. In gunwery, the divergence of a point o0 impact tom
the center of impact.
flsmem ratio. Ratio of length to diameter (lid) of
a projectile,
pra.
jeets moving at Usac 6 or
tile at the
impact velocty. The velockity of a p
instant of impact on the target or tar4 ena.
Aso called "striking velocity."
Jmpubme teoal In roehtmy, the preduct of the arerap thrust (in pounds) developed by the moto,
of temperature.
W" or Mimi
ft bus Doorelipule of a projectile with. qa ii-
AVVIg
WS-241-3
GLOSSARY (cont'd)
on a ruting
magam forem. The lateral thre
body when acted on by on eirstream having a
velocity eompoment ornmal to the body's "is
initial maI The mum of aitrW..i.aa-,Wgs pnjretile a;'. the dart of bunaissJc of the rrkelt propollnt.
idal yaw. The yaw of a projeetile as it leaves the
mnuxm blast mom
ini"l yawing velocity. The rate of chanp of
the yaw of a projectile as it leaves the muzzle
bls ine.
jump. 1. MonvMent of a gun tube when the gun is
fired. L Angle of jump (qv.). Se: aseodyamsic
jump.
at fofugtien
agms memest. The moment about the body eag.
a
. . .in a
s.a
b (ebb,). I.
MU. dI.aws a andadwd itam
ach 1838.1916, Ass.
for 3I
VOL (Nam
for mas
triels PhYmeat.) Prequently
lin.
Wmbr, wmhih
' , a ao fIue
oA the TJ e ao tm let,haI
ai te line of lht
0," 1w
dn iov'
bL Ia a rsriet
bId.
64
(RO
AKCP 706-242
GLOSSARY (coat'd)
an rangs. Aw-rage distance reached by a group
of shot&fired with the nsame firing data.
udplat.
agival
Smtimet
railed
"metro data."
modal vecters. A pair of. rotating arms, called the'
preceewon vector and the nutation vector, which
when added together give the magnitude and
orientation of the variable part of the yaw of the
projectile at any instant. Adding the equilib.
rium yaw to the vsriable part gives the total
yaw. The precesion vector is often visualized
as originating on the tangent to the trajetory,
and rotating slowly. The outer cad of this precesion vector is taken as the origin of the nuta.
tion vector, which rotates more rapie~uy, and the
resulting epiyclie motion of the outer end of
the. notation vector reprreents the motion of th..
nows of the projertile (neglecting the equilib.
rium yaw).
seank blas. Haud"e gas prrmure exerted at the
muzaic of a weapo by the rush of hot, gaar andi
air as Srnug. Muzle blsast precede the emerXeme.. of the projectile, and forum a maw of turhaleat air, gas said wwok. through which the
projectile son fly. The length of the projectile 's
peth in the blast some varies from &heat20 feet
to 200 feet, depending on the same of the Wun
anid the amount of gas leakage peat the pro
jeetile while in the tore.
numbs irgy.
ma
Kinetic energ of the projectile
as -it etmerges from the msazk (plus a small
amount of energy picked up in the muzzle blast.
where for a uhort distance the muzzle gawes outrun the projectile). This is a mareof the
power of the wespom.
mmeul memuss. The momentum of the pvojeWie (iLe., produet of mam end velocity) as it
leaves the msusee. l"aited by the capaity oI the
resel sqte built into the Sum mamaS.
mswab
flj The projeetile vloseity at the
yaw.
ROTS ,4bbr). Naval Ordnance Text Station.
of the ogive
move, secanit. Als oxiec xenerated by an ane not
AMU?' 706-242
* GLOSSARY (cont'd)
ani1te or yaw A..ummpful prtaws
to th..
trajin ory tor ait awtua l pnwjivil..
pieassmetric aedmaiocy. TI... rstio of db. work Alusie
INSthe. pruirelile by the proplilanlt galwa to the
work that multi. hve breu- doete if the waitypum
chamber pireiewrc IaM actrd ota the projectile
biam for the fuli travel in the bore; i.e.. the ratio
of average presture to peak pressure.
plame of yaw. The plane containing both the longitudinal axis of the projectile and* the tangent
to the trajectory-. zperformance
procession. A cir uir motioi of the axis of rotstion of a a tiiaing body which is brought about
by the application of a constant torque about an
"ais perpendicular, to the azis.of rotation. A
nonconatant torque produces a noncircujar preeemown.
preckiein. The property of having small dispersion
about the mean. Cfl: accuracy.
pressure front. See: shock frost.
prm rew-travel Curv. Curve sho'wing chamber
pressre plotted against the travel of the projeetike within the bore of t)'e weapon.
probable error. In general, a value that any given
error will as likely falt under as exceed. In gunawry, a measure of the dispersion pattern around
the center of impact; half of the observed impacts will Z..within a bond two probable arrors
Wide and centere o- the center of impact.
RqoymW snumber. (Xitmo after Osborn Reysolds. 16424I1I, a British physicist and engi
meor.) An index of similarity wed in the analysis
of the fluid flow about scale modelm in wind tun.
nel tests to determtine the imulto to he expected
of the flow about full-seal. models. The Reynolds
number is expressed insa fraction, the numerator
consisting of the density of the fluid multplied
by its velocity and by a linear dimeension of the
body (as for esaimple its diameter), the do.
nominator consisting or the eosoeinat of vis.easityof the Amid (29 = Vl/j).
R13 error. 8opr: stmadard error
rechst meter. A nomairbweathing reseetle propul.
m1ien device that consie stseintially of a fue
ehambot(s) amd exhaust meades), MAn
that carrimsd own
ass soli eid r-tms esesbnatlos froms
which hot pas aft gesearate by sessahete and
AMUI' 706-42
GLOSSARY (cont'd)
expanded through a nozzle(s). (If the fuel is
liquid the device is called a "rocket engine.")
roll An angular displacement about the longitudinal axis of a projectile.
roll tate. The time rate of projectile rotation about
setback acceleration. The peak acceleration experienced by the projectile during launching.
IUsually expresed in terms of the aeoelerasion
due to gravity, e.g., "the setback acceleration
2
was 40000 g'6" or about 1,286,4CD ft/me .
at
wave,
shock
a
of
shock front. The outer side
which the pressure m from sero up to its peak
value. Also called a "presure front."
shock wave. 1. A boundary surface or line across
which a flow of air or other fluid, relative to a
txidy or projectile paining through the air or
fluid, changes discontinuously in premsure, veloeity, density, temperature and entropy within
an ininitesimal period of time. 2. Such a boundary surface or line that comes into being when an
object moves at transonie or supersonie speed%.
3. Such a surface or line produced by the expansion of Rases away from in explosion (or
through a nozzle).
shroud. A tubular section encircling the tips of the
fine, and sIually integral with the finA. The
shroud often form a ror riding surface for the
projectile in the bore of the gun.
Svalues.
rotating band. Soft metal band around a projectile
ingem
separation. '. The phenomenon-in which the boundary layer of the flow over a body placed in a mov.
ing stream of fluid (or moving through the fluid)
heparates from the surface of the body. 2. The
point on the body at wLieh the separation be-
esse'
N
.'
AMCP 706-242
GLOSSARY (coat'd)
04
aS 4
IZ(z,
e
wherp X
Meaux
N
the mm of N individual squared differenea, the
z, are the individual value, i is the meen
(i-s
.r,/N), and N is the number of individuals
in the uanple. The best estimate of g, the staun.
,lard d,,viation of :he lot from which the sample
wax drawn, iuobtainel by multiplying the ample
value, x, by VNI(N-I).
sta
r error. The square roe of the &vempag of
the squar" of all the errors. When Me is
identified an the diferemee between an oheorved
point and the means of the observations, eandaid
error becomm identical with the aemple standard
deviation. It mibt also he called the 'BM8
error."
standard muzal velecity. Velocity at which a given
projectile is supposed to leave the mussle of a
gun. The velocity is calculat on the basis of
the particular gun, the propelling ebM uareld,
and the type of projectile. Firing table are
besed on standard muzde velocity.
standard project98. That projeetile which a given
gun was prmariky designed to be.
meis.
An aemdyuam mof
related
only to aMn of yaw.
static Fmuwrs. The prrao wih ies
8 by
GLOSSARY (cont'd)
a fluid at reIt, or which would be indlierld fly
a pa placed in the stream anmL moving with
the xdreaun. It iNthe premour
the manse velocity &%
arising ronm the random motions of the mole
euleg of the fluid, rather than their organizi
motion in the direction of the tow.
steady state. The condition of a system which is
essentially constant Jter damping out initial
transients or fluctuations.
sting. A rod or type of mounting attached to, and
extending backward from, a model, for eonvenience of mounting when testing in a wind tunnel,
subsonic. Pertaining to relative motion between a
body and '.surrounding fluid at a speed Iea than
the speed of sound in the same fluid,
summit of tajectory. Highest point' that a proJectile reaches in its flight.
swerving motion. In flight, the motion of the eenter of gravity of a projectile perpendicular to it
trajectoryo
particle, or zero-lift,
orzer-lit,
partcle rajctoy.hard
reliability. The probability that a system
9,te
will perform its specified task under stated taeIca[ and environmental conditions. This wiU inelude accuracy.
In aerodynamic data, relaring to
(.,#Abeript).
7 tiao
naerodynamic datarltences
ci
tontail alone configuration,
terminal vled~ty.
aity.
vacuum trajectory. The path of a projectile sub.
ject only to gravity. A flist approximation to the
trjtory of an actual projectile.
vector. 1. An entity which has both magnitude and
direction, such as a force or velocity. 2. In conneetion with the yawing oscillations of projec.
tiles, the rotating arm which can be used to rp.
resent the components of the yaw are teraed
modal vectas, which me.
velocity. Speed, or rate of motion, in a given di.
rection and in a given frame of reference. In
many contexts no distinction in meaning is made
between speed and velocity, the symbol V often
being used in equations in which the magnitude
of the velocity, i.e., the speed, is the only attri.
bute of velocity which is being considered.
velocity head. 8": dyamk presmen
viineity, oteisiet t.L The ratio of the shearing
stmm to the veloity gradient in a boundary
.t4
@3
":
AMCP 706-242
GLOSSARY (coat'd)
layer. Depenadent on the fluid and on its tern.
perature.
A.,W at 59' F -=1712 X 10-1 lb.e/ftz"
wake The zone of turbulent flow behind the borne
of a projectile.
wua. The surge of disturbed air or other fluid
resulting from the passae of something through
the fluid. Includes the wake and bow and side
wavs,.
wave, expaniv. An oblique wave or zone me up.
in supersonic Bow when the chang
in diredtion
.. t
APPEMIX!I
l---
-O
C
--
0-~
-is
to
AV41* 7O&2U
MAW"o
m%Appe~dix VI1) am
k3 =1.LOT
k.= 0_340
tk*:eAie
lb.
WbhM X, . 0 the dXam bVW thd bWK
ptopretdtoitaamr
of34grsl,
in askhea.u sad
o 0
am o the pe.mjo4s
0i aThe
By Hiat-bem
Ni.
8 Nfteallm wr uwim pt
V'. = 0340
Appadix k, th
ot. the ~Aborws
F,=AM+OO+M
(42?)s
1.2
A]IP 701-44:
APPENDIX III
BOATTAIL
or
Thefoa
ai
.ample
eskulafio
alin4-dablifed projeetile with boutted, iaw the
aethods of Wood (Ref. 21) and Siximue (Re.
2D, to etmat, the normal fore aad sm
ment eoecikuta. Tathgeometi.trisies ot the proymile an givenm i Appeadix I.
2
whem d - Rear body diem - 4.9" (0415 ft)
-- 4.U
d - Bae diam
21.7314 -- 4.16"
Eff-ee as 4m:
,& - .78,54 d
-
75(4.16A)P
17.0"6 Wn
Vratal A,:
d-
4.7&%
(4.08)' - 1
d oe A.,
a'W7.
1-
S 17.054
layer
v4
V, -
i(smisdi
s1i2
beaM
bmabdary
2.00
4.18
0satsians in calibers
1 Cal
4.
+ (.36)2)
.S1 4 1S
3
4
Obefam
Dsidae
boa6wy
11.W6
135740
1UUMf
46,133
Volumes 3OL5412
Alegmdla VII.
AS
ANCP 7O&WM
APPNDIX
-W
3.32?
&~~
:.f,~LiU~adlu""l*is
+ A51(1.16%7)
S*
s6,aee (aboo
bow):I
Car.
2A
mmimm
1--.-.--
bow
prm
d - 0L415 ft
Ds -
CAD= dog/ft
1.1/1 - LW
270 md'
1
C* P
4fps
velodgy: I'd -I
a .ai~wme
s
Twist:
Bpar4: pi l~ps
d)v
Ai webmky:
+2
25
18)
27)
Moinrut
="is
EJ. -
Atsuapvmomc pid:
1 -amkrM
/ MR
VWZ-
j(IanM)
2
*JmIg
C. 14iudu
I"-I
:.
I'4
f.:-352-
c,..
.-
ULJ.S412V
(10.47K) (4.211)
lmm.f.
(efted)
V,
KU
o-
VCe
AN41P 10640
APPSNDXX 1U (int'd)
Cente of phoue:
C
Center of Gravity: C. G. is amw loraW 1.30
a
wfo
e
1.10 caarius
C.P. - C. (J. - Uo - 1.30
V,
fud
2 : (p.r pwsh Appmulix I~
DrulmismaAu4 cif,
'Ae' -, i
N-
441kwM
0-0
~
~~~~.
/t
1.72
a~t o~e~
C. (c. P. - C. G.)
-&O(I~82
- IynepcSaiiyPc~,a
t"Mne the
Vflinee..*I *I~d
a pw&tA:
-m
I4/1-wrthessmutash
with boattad
C"A f. ( "ell+
0, -1.49
-12
Cw
-Moment
-z
(2 Vj
- TJD ght
s*
.'ihuba
boii
(about bew):
Comebwoa: Umnaiaaa
the beat~asl
sam
anmd
AmNZ"1X TV
COMPARISON OF ESTIMATES OF
BALLISTIC PARAMETERS BY VARIOUS METHODS
For eompars mmwth the C~UM oir. sa&
eulatica by H3ceoem&'* mcghod. SUL Rheput 63
(Adf. AM), hr the saw bmsttaiied prejssik Apprnihz 1. ame premoo iedba
a(bmwtaiJ ka8gl)
1.58A1M
LA
=2m0 asibis.
=5.12 embll,.
. ka L m
Norol
m NcipVmp (okaW
Jr. =*
r1
=4
. =in
(is 2.70 by
ods
= .5 dqu'me
9.
9l. =.LIM
.1
AL
A5 + AM
J~+ M74 (1.1.
+ .ion
+ .1~
.70
AMU +
Thinapr
appt.
AMS + JIVo
Wbil.
(va 2A5 by
.mw,.i
imst
m
to be baufteribm
fl~boSck5
atimbou aS 1417
AMCP 706-243
APPENDIX IV
-. ! I1 0. .. . . .
I I .. I - a I
rI
LILL
EMPIWAL MULTIPUINGIORS
F60
FFORCE:AND MOMENT- COE F.W.
.20
1 17 1
T I-T-
I TJ
It
10
Lu
fit
if
I I I ILI I I I I
.......
Ir
.0
0.5
1.0
Tdken I rom
RJWhbod 8 1? L MR 654 (Ref. 21)
Flit-willil
wit
I v
APPENDIX V
DYNIAMIC STABILITY ESTIMATE
N~k:To dm'ermmp
T1hr iojweiip via
if:
be__
f
1 < &4(10 - Wd (3sf. par. 5-214.11)
Famial2
(,CL. + k.C
Cs,. - am
*8 aaa
*am
3Gib,.w
a
A4
n
2(270 + &WA (X2
- OM3- as= (-9O)
.09fIr(A1S
G-"
LO1.
(2.0 -0V56) -0&94
%322/o (.09A)i~gabmmm
*1m
14M
kx-f
Gim
Wi (
ow)OA~l<
IM
&.14
10.76
AMCP 78614
APPENDIX VI
(;. t >
-.
,('. P
Soution:
(1) Body alone coefficientsa
subsont muzzle
b ou nd s * -y
I sy er v olume a m l tre
i
i3
ad total
nen in a
maner
mmisii. to tlat shown in AppmdUi 111-A.
iDwta:.From
d.
2.7* add-5"
".7"&44
*a
.M5~4 (2.672)2
#P
*
.78U
W.784
(3) -
Tin
Alvi,,g by limoe,'ah..All121) (mI'6 niii
S9374 Ws
C',, - "
19.635
(5)
19.5Adof w .19.5
I 99.175
8
- 497A05I Wi
_
1947.0151
-
M"
(.Va + ("T
'
(I. G;. - UN
% -i -
4.'-
g.-7--
I " Fquaotios
'ilving by Simons
Me. 20:
C, = 2 is(.) + 0.5
(1:1,074) +
19.635
Cm, - 2 (
(r.
P.T
4.0014 rId"
i oofdihrm
fin
frm
- 0.410-3.9-
3.68 -
cali wren
U
= 2 (78"0151)
G.)
- 9.9212
C. P. -,-
Cirv.
eC
9.9212
=071
(1.071) (&58) + (2.304) (- 3.08)
4.0014
4.0014
- 0.76
A1
~d
AMO? 7064WS
APPENDI
VII
PROJECTILE GEOMETRY
Ybe dow~ parwanm relawa
Only tS the
Am:
wei.b
Center Of gravity loath..
Axial ami trawIU momnesnt df -wt4):
o f :
of camptati:
1. Mouhanicai latecrata' (WeI. 56):
a. A wale drawing is nao& of the Peut Was
mINO -.
(1) Dimeiomsm in tbhes dirvetiom woa"
aftered
i the 1V dirotimsem al.ml
(2) Di.
= 98.
bondv byIs~bw
6. The dAw-igG is taned by the me(a fiwm of plasisfbanimal htmpear
der),
P. Diel indiesata, pwrwid sauber, relatire
to the trenammdaad plane aress.
4A46
-mta
APPMIX VUIE-A
AMCP709-42
AUMTOR(S)
E. T. Roecker
BR1 MR 1098
&adE. D. Boyer REPORT
1937
DATE
TYPE OFTMS Free flight
0.096
d~ft
0.38
Vj, t/cl
Am.-fnq
bag
""4.
Mach Nm
Mm bagC~bMi
Jn
og.hci
5ub~c
I3 ~if
1-33.
Trcmmmarc
Peak
0.9
Mach Nm
Ccnmm
Z.0
cm'
CL
Ca.
!.7
L2k.Z1
2.460.Z
1.9
Z3*. 05
1. S*. 0
Without armnua hall rogo
C,4S3.511.0
*mca
0.1360.10
ICII-hSCtw4.*i.t,
A a2.0
4p,
bha 90
COP
Z.il.@05
1.3
a.asa.QS
5e0I
l'd0*5"0.
4
odmfroAbm
C~maptedfor otmad~rd 1:25 Swiet (PsO.2S)
wi~og ball
/
,/
APIPKDi2 VIII--M
AMC 7064.42
REP
E. D. Boyer
AAJTHOf(
1954
DATE
TYPE OF TEST Free flight
W~MIb
0.216
Varlmhtd
-0.06SS
in
d,ft
-V,rod/co
t4l
MR916
1955
.....
so
*OJ------------------
.4
*4
I II L
MahN 1NM
Mach Na
f osjnbamwalibmn
.g.
slug.-ft2 3.94x00
*,ST
l"
kce jco
M
1.15
0.98
C#
6.6 (ostimted)
Cl,
1.9
Mu
.370
CN& - CDO
A.6"a.,I
.060.1
CU ?tVO
0 3Mv3.:5
0
3Q U 3.5 w /o arm ing b zUlrotor
(-4.3*0.
-T.5*'). 6
.3.*W.
SU
-0.20*0.04
0.07*3.04
0.16160.07
CIP
2.854.05
2.106.05
a.5as. 0S
3,.i*,13
Io?S*,06
1.II.07
Ido
O0~e.13*
o.5Ue10
1.25.10
O.26". t0
0.ea3. 08
0.936.OS
9.s o.ea
0.Se,.02
0.36s.02
ITAJLZ 8ITA.LZ
fmm hm
Mbs
STAJLZ
A-I2
'-"*
1.015
5.361.0
*4.
- 1".
kA ad
2' 29.73
3.4
i500
+~
Irs,
-.-'+..
..
. .. ,ni +
Jp
A MCP 72406-2
APPENDIX vuz-c
DRAG VS TRUNCATION: CONICAL HEADS
(50n aterfps
d,ft
L ,tdjf,
0.0655
0.25
, codbm
Dinmmeun
TypeCa
Me'plat area.
I 3
...
cm
C.Z.
001.4
1.6
Tye
4
Tp
Type Moth
S~
No.
kcal
5.4d61.0
3.661. a
Z.,0 approx.
1. 0 approx.
kt Cal
Oapprox.
About 10 rounds
of each type.
CU
~..
CA.q+C
c.
Ato
A-1
sPZNDIX vhls-I)
AMCPIO6242
AUTHO&)
REPWR
L. C. MacAllister a&d
W. K. Rogers
Bax. MR 948
1955
DATE
Free flight
WE OP TES
WNERT ROCKE:T
MA'eizl
4.6
fV*6LLoyf ps
oo1 rok
dft
ihbmr
Dimnkwmacns
:1::::3.0[j
L.A
0.
moc NMmch
&J-t
k ~
M
1.0
0.85
CA.
CASP
.00123
P.376
Ifo
1.956.0O5
Z
L*. oS
2.06.08
3. 1 *. 05
3.45*.0U
3.45*0.1I
=4.5*0. 5
.7.5*1.0
-:062
-0. 23*0. 1
-0. 23*0. 1
-0.07*0.07
A-14
NM
ro~t.Oli.ZS
L.I5
5.5mauoz.
ct,
ara
riable
vnm
0.5232
1.19
APVZNDIX V1II-2!P70-4
90-NM HE PROJECTILE, X71
REPORT
A C76~
DATE
4-*-Woiglt,lb
0d~ft
0.2Z9S
0.196
'.Md/cal
Dimuwmorm, caliber
08
'.
Sc.---S
--
~~except
*.005
.-
--
as
I[
-7
111t.+I
-H
0-.
2-------------------.5
Mach NO.
1.66
c-9.- fro
-Z.0
Nalo.
Icto ga-ft660.00S7
XAWsgft 0. 0815
0.369
cal
krrarcC
Peak
Subscric
0.8
0.95
1.8
~5.53*.15
Z.4
S.17*. 05
C.
1.5*0.15
1.40.5
2.35*0. 05 2.55*o. OS
C.
4.0*0.06
4.7*0.5*
3.55*0.08
-7.5*1
.9*14
CU. -0.2*0.35
40.2*0.15
40.2*0.05 +0.2*0.05
= in 4. 0*0.2z
4.2%*0.25
2.8W015
*1.076.02
0.926.10
1.206.03 1.30*.03
CNAA
1.135
a060. 2
CI.
0.0*0.41
0.8%*50
0.00.72
G. 4". 16
0.92&.16
-1.16,) 0.?96.21
0.95*.05
.97*.03
do
2.7*0.15
0.93*.0oz
1.1aoci
0.93*.02 .77e.02
% UNSTABLE UETASTABLX STABLE STABLE
Strongly depondmw ouyaw wbm 0. 3 4 4 0. 8 ; C, 6 % S. .
104
A-15
APENDIX vm.-I
AMCP706-242
AJTHOWS)
E. T. Roecker; E. D. Boyer
1955
DATE
32.12
0.344
d,ft
,
D-mra. caa
CD..
1958
Free flight
-SI
0nt
o6
*.0**54.
Mach Na
u
c.9 ,I, wm fboo,,m
1.74
e,*-t 0.017
16e
ko,
0.95
0.7
CmD
10.2
Cm.
Cq4Chd
1.35
2.0
1.9
3.8W.1
4.960.13
3.85*0.05
-7.66t3.0
c~tcu
-6.9*0.7
-12.7*3.5
'Ltruasomic
-0.3d0. 25
0.55*0.07
CRoecker
0.0360.05
Boyer
cp
3.9*0.2
4.5*0.2
2.60.15
2. 1510.1
1.185
1lad
8.1*2.0
6.160.5
S1.
AMpI
0.380
,o.0,167
Peak
Susoi
Mach N-.
Ivk
3.4
.7
0.150.47
0.63*0.16
0.29 44.57
0.9Se0.02
0.55*0.12
do vury markedly
0.37
0.47*0.02
O. 3660.0Z
STABLE
STAB:.Z
See comment
A-16e4Te cylindrical body diameter was uadercut by .03 ich be increase the yaw.
11.
/
/
AMCP 706-?.42
"APPNDIX V1J.-G
"4.9-CALIBER PROJECTILE
AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS
REPORT
DATE
AUTMcs) L. E. Schmidt
TYR OF
BRL MR 824
1954
TEST Free flight
42.S
SWeigt,lb
ps Variable.
"=I fnrte
uzze V~oct ps Variabl
0.341
dft
0.314
V,wod/Col
..d O3
~IIZ
Dmwmians, calibeen
.6
,.005
Ma
*.05
0 0 0.
1.0
'.0
1.5
Nm
Subsonic
0.83
kcal
Pea
0.975
1.3
Used over whole Mach no. range
2.3*0.1
a. 10.1
CA,
4.4. 04
4.?*.04
4. 75.04
-1.8*0.8
-5.0*1.2
-3.5
-0.4*.05
-0. 1*0.1
-0.05
hco
3.0*0.o1
3.0*0.1
3.o0o0. 1
3.1*0.1
3. 0*0. 1
3.0*0.1
-0.6360.40
-1.7*1.4
0.4260.30
...
3
0.71
%(26%)
k0,Cal
Canwmnos
1.03
CL
1.5 2.0
0.345
(estimated)
C..'
CM
1.0
Muc. N.
Transorua,
M
0.5
Cip
*-
0.32&.01
UNSTABLE
0.33*.01
METASTABLE
0.33&.01
STABLE
6-
Wbs
m bma
A-i1
AMCP 706-242
APPEEDa VzIS-49
AUTI4ORS
TYPE OF TES
19S6
Variable
1..
Free flisma
Variable
d~fr
0.292
Difmsamons, Caliber
so. 05---------.
A-
astdC
*0. 005%0
00
0.5
1.0
1.5-3:0-
MOAc NIL
5.9 louees
mmbou~c
Jibr91.9
03.5
0.7
0.0063
1.8
Z.7*0.
3.1*.1
Z7a0.
1. 1*. 1
3.10.1is
k ed
1.14
CO.
c )4
0.370
rj
0.95
Cgg
Cte
1.0
macb N0
IruAugtt 0.064S
IrV
16CO
Tmmmwcw
1.5
16*1.1
8*.5..5*1.0
-1.060.15
-
-0.9*0.3
-0.2*0.15
3.656.09
3.35*.15'
3.55&.05
CI,,
cP
~42~e~)Traiei
ala
(so.ba
Coefficlemt. vary with yaw.
S..BRL TN 1119 (Ret. U4)for
daft an varistiam.
qff--U3TABLE at all
blach no@. tested (0. 6 6 U 3. 0)
Tracer om--UUTA5L.0. 6CMAI. 6.
STASLEabov.e
1dw
s..
A-18
AMCP 706-242
APPENDIX V11I-1
EFFECTS OF HEAD SHAPE VARIATION
AU1ITHO()
E. R. Dickinson
REPORT
SDATE
we,,h, lb
~ V.ocitfp.
Zn raej i
dft
U = 2.44
1_
- ,,.9
~m
oe b
-. 1
i a bm
various
9.47
14.20
18.94
37.88
R/kT
1.0
1.S
2.0
4.0
.*.0.006
Z.8d0. 1
2.7*0.1
.0416
.4..J.aI
.235*.007
2720
546
S).
____
ZO5*.005
2.65*0.1
csS
m(come)
.210*.005
.217*.005
2. S5*0.1
2.560.1
Cost
10.0 for
all types
3.0S*.05
2.936.0
Z. 82*.03
2. $7.0O
tethefradaa
R
RT is
2.71*.03
2.44
,,
A-19
AMCP 706-242
AP"3NDX Vm3-1
120-SM ME PROJECTILE, X73
SRL Rt 569
. PHichcckREPOR
AUTXW
1945
1. P HicbcckDATE
ALJHO~)
TYPE OF TEST Free FligU
-. I'
09'r~
WeigMIb~
50 (aoproX.)
0.392
.0d~ft
V, ud/ecd
0.209
M. T. M61 Fuxe
Dimnmonsa
wiAbsi
Jrdragor
.4
---
factor--------------
3I, iuwor-O
Subsonic
M
PO
6O
Tqmuonic
PekCcnuvmf
1. 2*0.17
CU.
CIA
CAS.
C1
-O.O1z5u 0008
$do
A-20
AMCP 706242
APPNDIX VUI-X
CONE CYLINDER
AUTHOR(S)
REPORT
DATE
L. E. Schmidt
Type 21
1b
..
".9
"
MUZ.Zl
solid bronze
0.382
Variable
jVo6ocjtyfps
Dinmeiaon, calibers
A|Z.RL
MR 842
(Ref. 25)
56
CN3
N
Mochbasetb,,s
cq 60to fiv
Mach NO.
0r,.9+
kx,&.4t2 5.55xl0-6
1.65
keae6
kt, cal
0.330
57.zjdO-6
1.06
SubsTcic
0.8
1.25
1.9
Z.3
C%.
2.3U0.06
2.6*0.06
9. 7*0.1
1.9."06
Z.5*0.03
2.75A0.02
Z.3*0.04
2.3*0.02
c4c
- .3*3.1*
-9.0
C* .
-0.7*0.1
+0.25
Cs
:,4.
0 (from curve)
+0.05
C,,
'1
8
2.7*.05
2.75*.0S
2.5*.05
2.45
2.6
a .75
3.24
2.33
0.87
0,
0.87
o,
0.65
0.98
0.98
0.36
0.31
0.90
0.43
.
Sd
S o
-.1
STABLE
UNSTABLE
I Positive values od CmtqM
.,
STABLE
STABLE
are reported for 3 rounds.
7-
Computed
foro
Curve
A-1
7&IACPAPPENDIX
EFFECT OF BOATTAILINO O C.
REP=R
&unlof(s) E. R. Dikno
I,
-. .
I."o
PART I
of adding to length of
-Effect
projectile. sad diminishing
the area of the base. by
_.04
;,i..
:....VI-'''ar
d z .0417 ft
Ocmuoi~ahibmr
sure
fta
0.42
0
4"
7019,
1954
DTE
TYPE OF TEST. Free flight
Base
C
at M
1.2
0.330
0,334
0.39
0.350
0.340
0.3S
0.288
0.27"
0.25f
0.398
0.31
0.3Z70
0.275
0.Zbi
40
0.234
715'
9.
0.246
0.21O
0.22
0. us
0.220
0.22
0,2*
0.372
0.376
9"
0.32
0.
atlM
I.&
4V
715'
9
M
C DoatM
0. U
0"
0.345*
0. 24
Z.4
The CDO values shown were read from the curves in MR 042. The scaMer
of the observations averaged about *0.005. Variatian i& surface finisk, by
affecting the boundary layer transition. may account for much of the scatter.
*The
A-22
a-..
sllg
-.
APPNDVIX VIU-L
AUn.5a(S)
C.96
REPORT
E. R. Dickinson
.-2-ej
1.4
PART II
of increasing the length of the
-aa Ithe
(Pusher
j5 LS l.
d= .0655 it
sabot)
20mm
Square Base
1.0
1.5
0.243
0.237
0.224
0.216
0.207
0.19'
0.179
0.169
0.165*
0.151
0.144
0.5
Angle
0"
1954
DATE
ME OF TEST Frec 'light
-AEffect
boattail. and diminishing the area of
- =variable
Boattail
AMCP706-242
(c.
0.956.Sb CDo a MU
2.4
V
?6
CDO at
3.Z
0.208
0"
4.
Do
"C
0"
4.
at M
4.0
0.172
The C
values shown we:-e read from the c,rves in MU. 842. The scatter
of the observations averaged about *0.003.
Estimated effect of adding a driving bacd (rotating ring) is to add 0.01, or
less, to the values shown assumniug-that the band does not extend to within
less tha, 0.25 calibers of the b ttaii.
*These values were read irerm an nterpclated curve.
A)
&.
-~
-~~fA
I
AMCP 706-22
AmsWMIx VI.-|
EFFICT OF DOATTAIL ON Cb AT
DATE
.h.ali '
2.44
1945S
()Of TEST
Frec flight
71L725'
Dkn--.-o,
lbe --
d z 0.0417 ft
Ma 2.44
Base Ar-a
Frontal Area
1.0
CDO
CF.,,
Square .ee
0.76
0.39
o 263
0.248
0.228
a..0Z7
*.004
*.005
6.7
5.1
4.5
A44
C/O
APPZXIWXZ VIII-N
AUTHOft&)
Weight, lb
V*6ityf;,
A~~lo
5
5 - a'
Variable
"p
in rat#6
d~ft
.14.
.:..
CD.
Wmd/cal
Variable
0.*295
*.05
Mach No.
c~g., locati
fnom boss~calbm
shg.t
1.94
16 ,cal
hN
.0075
IAlu'jt2
0.356
kt, ca
.0535
0-952
Caonwinsk
Truranric
AMCP 70&242
151.52.6
CO
5.8
Ce1.4*.08
4.75*-OS
CAI
C4L
* cmv,
7.8
0.286.15.
1.8
5.8
3.06.05
3.5*.05
4.3
3.75
-8.0
.6.7*, 35
0.28
0. 19*.04
3.25
Z.95
1.65
1.90
* .P4.7
1.48
60
mgfo
colculated withv
0.314
* *~
*1
A-RB
AMCP706-242
APIRm vintX
REPCOR
AUTHoCS) B. G. Kap,. K. s. Ka
YPE OF TEST
Woight, ib
1-
1955
Free flight
21.21x
.n rVar,bx.
M~z~ ~oi~
Variable_
Muzle
--I
3--5.,
SRI. )R 956
DATE
ad B. Hull
d~ft
r0,19or 0.251
Dkmmkwmk caldiet
A.--.O-
.4
, :-
::
*.0 C
"
0ou
2
C.g
m.
Mach NM
bInmmwfrm.
Mach Na
as
IWkV-t
.006
Ir AV+*
16CI
0.340
kto
1.2
1..
Z.6
5n
.5
5.5
5.8
CL.
Z.3
1.9S
3.S
Cm.
3.0
3.1*.05
Z. U.02
-9.7*0. 1
-9.5
0.18
0.16
0. 16,.OS
2.98
2.e0
Z.60
frm ba
2.37
2.30
Z.S2
Ad withW
-9
CMO,
.054
,.o1.065
CI
CI
0.314
A-)
"APENDIX
AUTHO(S)
AMOP 70o&242
VU11-0
1945
DATE
TYPE OF TEST Free flight
Weightlb
(mode.)
e.*d,ft
-~
H-
j, Fad/Cal
____
0.0655
-r 3
Dimesos calibers
Mach NM
various
"''
Mach NM
IY,AQ*-Et
6aktCl
Transoric
11
CLO
2. 7*0. 03
CM.
cu.
A-27
O_
AMCP706-242
APIP2rDnX vm-w
S-CALIBER A-N SPINNER ROCKET
KNHO~S
H-S.
-
REPORT
DATE
C. H. Murphy and
L. E. Schmidt
WsigIIb
Variable
d,ft
zrp
1.04&~
.6
.4-
c~g
lo
MCAc Na
MCAc NM
ian
b0@%h.~Cijbe
ka6COf
#A
1.3
C0.
CL.
Me
CN,
A-R8
0.340
Z.5wd
7.9*1.5
6.6*2. 3
6.9*8. 4
2. 1*0. 1
2.5s*0. 1
Z.9*0.lIS
3.95*.05
3.S0*.O5
3.3S*.0S
-12.5*0.5
-11.5
0.43*.06
0. 19*. 08
0.19
-. 0136.001
.. 011*.0Ol
-. 010*.001
3.5*0. 1
3. 3*0. 1
3. 0&0.1
GUNA
-0.35
-0.30
-0.15
ap~r~Mate
-13.5*1.5
ItC,
1.8
2~ua-t
Irlklguft2
1.96
frMM bm
kj Cal
1.19
PMIIYJ6'
L. E. Schmidt and
"C.H. Murphy
1954
DATE
TYPE OF TEST Fro* flight
Type 2 model: intermediate c.g. locatioa
W oV*h,lb
7.0~
0.33
jM~ca~fps
I.0
Variable
d(onrt
z Omm
.065s5
0.63
S".mdh'al
8I
(Pusher sabot)
c.iers
Ditm
b
C*~1
2,
DO
-L
IPA
-6
Subsoric
1.48
1.28
1.01
6.6*1.3
7. 1UO. 8
C.
2.0*0.05
2.060.1
2. z
Ce
5. U40.1
S.7*0.1
6.2
-19*1
-25
-0.3S*0.1
+0.40
S-0.40*.05
Comnmsens
Fbak
0.8
-211
koc
0.364
Cal
CIF
M
MacA No.
5,76lI&6 ;,Skbr*2gr
k,$ft 2
2.96
Mach No.
-0.019
C,,
-0.0Z,,.0005 -0.021*.00o
o.
5.4*.05
S.35*. 05
5.3
6.060.1
5.6d0.1
5.0
-0.26
-0. 2060.13
0.78
-0.o)
-.0.460.31
0.95
Ido
*9
L.*
76-C242
AM
APPWIDIX VUQ--Q
7-CALIBER A-W SPINNER ROCKET
0.1?
UNSTABLE
- .......
....
0.16
UNSTABLE*
..... ..
.. .
..-,...
bane
mb
0.20
STABLE
.- .
..
.
...
A-4
.,
.,o.*
..
.....
..-
_.,,
__
__
,.
__ .. _
__.. __. __
AMV 11 706-242
APPENDIX VUI.-1
AUTHlO~S)
W~iVariabbe
JL
Variable
Cb/CAI.-
*.,,
-.4
0 3
~~~
c,
*
.CUd,
*~
1.8
2.5
12. 0*4. 5
6.6*1.5
6.9*2.3
2.2*0.15
2.5*0. 1
2.8*0. 1
6.2*05. " 05
68*0
CA%.
c p
C1.
.6
.*0
05
Z".2*. s
31.5*1.0
O.40k.08
0.50*0O.1I2
0. 70*. 05
-. 016*.001
-. 014it.001
5P. 460. 1
5. 4k0.15
5. 15*0.05s
-0.10
.0.50
-0.40
.01916.001
-C
M a
b a
1. 74
c~r*n
So,
1.3
CA62.5
C4C
~CL41
1.3
45
*b5 3
1.8
26
-33*0.5
Sf!MM
appw.'AM-te
bo
2.5
110,
APIN
IX.I
..
A M(RT70 &@
2a
AM B I vtV111 -- M
9-CALIBER A-N SPINNER ROCKET
REPORT BRIL R 87. 0tf. 49)
19S3
DATE
TYPE OF TEST
Free fLigh
intermediate c.g. location
C. H. Murphy and
AUTHORS)
L. E. Schmidt
9W0i-,Ib
Variable
~iIociyf~s
l~na.
L
Variable
"d,ft
z,,rad/cai
i 'a, otibr
Dinmuians ca"Mg
:.015 o. 4
CA
1 1
11 1
0
co
Moch NOr,.+2
iJ
N.
Mach
3.95
mba@%uoiw
ai fm
k&c i
0.347
1.8
1.3
.5-
5.9:6.3
7.467.S
Z.3
.5
Z.6
9.5
Z.9
10.0
-50*3
-72*4
-74*8
C,. i,.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
Cip
-. 024*.001
-. 021*.001
-. 0166.002
c~p.
7.05o.os
7.1*.o
7.170.1
1.40
1.35
0.84
0."8
uC
.6*3.0
CA#.140
*C 4 C ~
,"Sd1.14
b021*o)
0.98
JM.,
LS
4.
.t
-to(t
2.S
-14
C, 1
.str4.o
ai
"
.408"
s froms
edoeo
,.30
Homogeneous models
U
M
yaw vuee
when 88a 1. a.
La4i
also a function of yaw, increasing in magnitude.
A-Si
APPENDIX YII-4
7O-CALIDSR CONE CYLINDER
AMW*P708242
AUTHOdS) E. D. Buyer
REPWR
DATE
-a-..
Idft
yrd/ca
"V,
zo0mm
.0655
0.63
Pusher sabot
10
0 1a
Susoi
Phk
0.6
Suson
CL.
2.3*0.15
2 3*0.15
Co
7.85S0. 2
9. 15*0. a
-42*5
'".
-4565
-0. U0. 10.8,
-. 0326.0003
&..027*.00S
&60.
oz
7. &o.z
2
3.6d0.1
3.0*0.05
8do
-0.7560.23
-0.13*0.15
2. 1&0. a
-0. 30&0. 34
_.
A-a
0.33
UITABLE
at yaw@ lse ha S*
UMSTABLE
at Mall yaw$
Ci
-C2,
'
b
from bm
Z.g
1.96
kt, Ca
0.361
______
11. 2 (estimated)
I.
1.3
S.8
....... .
,IeskV+
.250
AMC? 706-242
APPZNDIX Vln--T
\AUHO6)
91)
1959
DATE
TYPE OF TEST Free flight
w V,,lb
/I-
17.54
0.344
d,ft
W~, mad/cal
Dimesions, caliber
-4
9.
No.
Mochb,,,:,e,
owton frm
3.22
Mach N&
IlUg
o.fto
0.0072
kqal
0.341
,.
0.08o
.l
1.17
coo
2. S6o. Z" No significant
Ct.
5 rounds
v riation
with
Mach
Cm.
-Z8i7.S
c.ck
number
14 rounds
CAS.
CIP
= m fnm bm,
*..
Sta instability (C
expected at about
sdo
T
t4
W.
IA-=
0) is to be
z.
3-
he) &is*of the yaw for the rounds. t.e., anged from about 0.5 to
e.
--
AMCP76-24
REPOR
AUTHOJS) Z. D. Boy*,
Waig~itb
-O
tm*Z~ps
nazI
~i
LO
L.~*=:'L
500
ls ta Ir
ft0.119?
I IA
MNm
S.9sz10T
2.Ju~
Nmc
la~. s~.Bma3.61
c~g uss
______
1.36p
0.347
TrercCci
&N*
Peak
Suac
6?)
1956
Free fligh
DATE
TMP OF TWS
1f
.361.0
'45' 1
CLO
Cx
C0
.2.1*0.05
14c
s-S*
.20 (approx.)
CUP.
C,
mm,
fiseutt
moei.am4qwO*4
A44W
fa, c
with n Io
APPZJWIX VUS.-V
M. J. Piddingtoa
".DATE
1~961
TYPE OFTESr
Free flight
"'Wei*,lb
Z3.35
-a
a
1-.,W
0-4
AMCP 706-
8.03
-Variable
fps....
cld,ft
.7
IT
9Z
344
0.08
rod/Cal
.o
0 16
Dimwom, calib:rs
I T
*005 CO.
C.4-
oS
.. ...
0
I11
m .-
1.75
Mch No
,,
y.,,t
4.87
Subsorc
8
72
C,,
3.0 *0. Z
meak
C.34a
1.64
-.
-3.5
3i. * 0.1 at sero spin
CM6l4,
0.53
otl
0,345
T Ca
M
Mach N&
0.011
4.2v
-55 *S
..
-ZS
3854'
C'
=
.0.PA
= 0.08
S
g
ado
4-
- 0.16
-0.045A.001 -0.1656.005
-Z.25.43
00.
-3.06.S7
from bom
S(COmputed
""L
.-.
Z.O.S
-
00
STABLE
fromn coefficients
-6.0S,..2
tabulated above)
UNSTABLE (but STABLE gg about ft. .094 rad 5.5s.)
A8
APPIJDIX VUI-W
AMCP 706-242
AMINO
REPORt
C. P. Saa
#4az=i
6.45
kI,*1L.t
Weight, lb
jscity fps
Izoo
dft
.
w
0.187
.d/wi
-6,1
.4I
0
Mach N&
. lom,,U barn bo..iw
Moch No
T0ea
subscric
M
0.95
.0103
1.86
kt, Cd
C~mms
1.06
0. ss4US1.o07
10.0
0.343
Trawaic
0.6
.o003S 5kl41,
,l4jt
4,.95
C4.
2.6* 0.8
3.6* 1.2
3.1 60.3
1Cil
.6.4*0.3
-8.561.5
-6.0*0.3
.62*9
-7%8
C,
.4
70,10
S,.0.05*0.0S
Cop
8,1
d..
A-M
*C AMyUai
3").
7/
APSNJDIX VnlZ-X
um,
mu~t
-UN HNRAT PROJECTILE, TIOS
AUTHORS)
. . Kazrpo
REP=E
DATE
vm--zAMCP 70W24
d, ft
.4
-Ikt
"-
24o. s
-0
jirid"a
.8
w-
0.9
Ao I
Mach Noac
Cag.
lomtion EImr bms~coib.r
6.21
r~...~
k -At
&*Sm:_
Tmmonic
73.0
*O.S
CaI
-6.5
Ca,
0-120 , 10
Cft
See curve
.
.-
--.
* hAon
,calibers
-z.0
-1.1*0.4
/r
kta
.143
.1.91
4M CP 706-242
AWINDZX Ykfl..y
90KM NEAT PROJECTILI, TIOS
AUTHRLO.
andIt.H.
J.Ros
Kiegr.
RpM
RLMR 763 (Rat. 9 3);
AUT~~~~OR~~~s)J-.DR
J.Rn
n t *Kigw
Ax. 1076 (Ref. 41)
R-. Pisiai and L. C. MscAUIistr
DATE
1956; A95
to fTYP
d. It (w-tniod.)
Dkum~n"% calibmr
77---
No.
C06D
-*[-I I. I
__
MTN
o- y . aflII
03.0
Mc~h
CM,
7.13
(apptoz.)
-8.3,-&
(------.
bod
R.aciim t boom lath
bIA
1.5clbv
3ii
2.8
Inca
br75
ale
3p.0
(a01
(ahpprox.)yrnde
Ia.d
lci.bcoe
Free nightg
relaion
paLsjymUa
b,
a.118
AMCP706-242
APZXEDIX VIU--Z
AUTHOR(S)
acAl.iater
DATE
- Ai
7o
l.
9I~b
fps
T_____
A4=6
d~ft
,u/cai
ji,
Variable
Variable
.066
__
Cruciform tau
8% thick wedge fins. not canted
Dinmakm, caibtm
0
1.0
.*01
-20
C0k4
.
.4 0.5
1.0
-50
1.5 2.0
1.1
Tfamo*nnaci
.5l
Io
1 askag+
1.8
2.4
CL.
C
z1*3
12*,
8.5*0.5
CA.
.42,0.S
-21*0.5
-1260.s
CMCL
4
220*50
.1'M
Z.5
Mach No
@.im
~
C.g. ioaation ha bIk~a
30
--
90*50
#&cb
Z70*50
C,,
Imam
.9
2.1
2.1
z.6
mmmm bm
L3 .,g-t
AMCP 706-242
APNND IX IX
DO 1111-1 9'
,o(,)XCC,)CAI2
11 READ 9
pitINUT
PRINT 7
READ I
PRIO
20
21
22
23
191
__
PRINT 9,FFD,FFN.X,F~A,RGT,D
PAUSE
if (SENSE SWITCH 1) 21.22
AEPT 6 QE SOT
IF (SENS& SWITCH 2) 23 26
ACCEPT 6, FFI), V0,DTL,6TTM
26 READ I
--
PRINT I
PRINT 6,WTO,V0,SPIS.SBT,DTh4,7WIST,Qf
READ
PRINT I
PRINT 60W~fB.-.EMP,DTTL,DE,COA2,CLP
PRINT 7
flIST - 0.0
IF -(WTG-WTS) 29 29 96
96 THS7n(WrO-NTB)1'SPiSnST
DWSTHSTI( 32.17*SP IS)
1 4 59.*TEHP)
Z18(
T 11 1!R
29*A
i(TEMPR*0.5)
ff00 - .OOI189*TEkfR
PRINT 10. RHOOS. VAO
PRINT 7
(CS
PAUSE
~~"~"'
IF (SENSE SWITCH 4) 20.97
-rw. x Dist v co :mADccm&S
97 READ I
PRINT 1
'Thck.&Z *rhftst DvjYAWi mosh Sm
READ I
PRINT 1
PRINT 7
0.0
PlINT?
Tilt 0.0
X a 0.0
01ST -0.0
A-40
4,L
wv"
~a
FAPPZIDIX
IX (uiWt'4)
QE
TNT
ZF mZO
S a .7854.'O*fl
Pt4ASS - WTO/32.17
THETA - . 1745329*QE
V a VO
*
*C
'IF(TWIST)30,31,30
RGA**4/(4.O*RHO054SO1IGT**2)
30 SGC GNU - 6.2832/TWIST
YRC - 32.17*1lGA**2/(RHOOStS)
END OF INITIALIZATION
31 IF (Z-30000.) 32,33,33
32 RHO - EXPF(-3.2E-O5'Z)
GO TO 34~
33R4O -a .3828*XPF(-k.6E.O5*(Z-3OOOO.))
3 IF (Z-36500.) 35.36 636
35 VM -V/(VAO-(VAO-97 .)*Z/3650O'.)
GO 0O37
36 VM -V/970.
.37 IF (COO(9.1)-Vm)
38 CO isC00C9,2)
GO TO 43
39 Im2
IF (01FF) 4
38,38,39
1,2
40 TO 43
1.2 1-1+1
GO
.3CO
IF
11, IF
TO '.0
-FFD*CD
(TWIST)'44.95 4 44
(CMA(9,1)-V1
15 CM a CMAC9,2)
I~
45,45,.46
GO TO 50
47 01FF - VM4-CMA (1.1)
49
IF (01FF~ 5e8
J18 cm - C10 I,2j4 01EFF*(CMA(i.2)-CMC1.12))/(CMACI.1)-M(I-l.1))
GO TO 50
49 1-1+1
GO TO 1i7
SG a SGC*(GNUI*2)*PMASS/(ftHD*CM)
IF (SG-1.O) 51,51,53
NTBE
52FORMiT (I-,O
[CD
Co D 02YR*
AMCP 70&-242,
AMCP 706-242
ArNDwX 1Z Owedma)
OT 7* DTL/(ACC*ACC)*IOTE
IF (T-.CTM)
60,60.59
59 DT - 0TM
60 IF (SENE SWITCH 1) S7,55
55 PINTT - PINTT-1.0
IF (PINTT) 57 57 56
56 IF (THT*THETA5 76.70,58
70 ZF a ZT
57 PRINT 6.TIME.X,DISTVCOCH,RHC.PM&SS
PRINT 6. THETAZTHST,DRAG,YRVH,GNU,SG.DT
PINTT .*PINT
IF (SENSE SWITCH 2)54.58
54. ACCEPT 6,DTL OTh
58IF (TIME-SBTi 62 61 .61
R6.
60,1 IF (TStm)6164,
PMASS - M/332.17
6O TO 57
62 IF (TINE4OT-SBT) 69.68,68
6Q OT - DTM14.0
SPMASS-Pl4ASS-0MASS*DT
OWG - DRAG*(I.O.2.0*ACCIAOT/V)
ACCT - GACC + (THST-OM.A)IMAsSS
"VAR - V.+(ACC.ACCT)*OT1 .0
DS - VBAWVT
V - 2.0*VAR - V
DIST w DIST + OS
TIME m TIME + DT
T"? = THETA
THBAR - THETA - 16.090KOF(TI4ETA)'OTIWMIA
X a X 4 DS*COF( ISAR)
Z = Z +OS*SINF(THBAR)
THETA - THETA - 32.I7*COSF(THBM)'mDT1VSAR
O3W - GI" 1.0 ,((ORAGiCLP/(PNASSICftRGA**2))-ACCT)iIOT/V)
C
UfST FOR END OF TRAJECTORY
IF(Z-ZF) 67 67.31
67 DS -(ZT-V)A'NFOMETA)
PRINT I
PRINT 6. TIME, X. V. THETA. 61W. SC
PAUSE
If (SENSE SWITCH 4) 20,1W0
END
SW I 0WOR SYlEOL TABLU
FF Ratio of drgcefiin
curve to typical
cure
FFZatioof dtatcmen
coefficient curv typical
e to
in inmv
"on,."I
TYPE identification of typical dral an wome Curve La emey
0
*~A-42
AMCP 706-242
APRIDIX IX (ca.td)
A-43
"AWI(P706442
REFERENCES
Goneal
1. R. II. Powler, E. G. Gallop, C. N. II. lock and
Ground,
Md.; .1944.
R.
3. H. Kent and IL J. MeShane, As Bloswne
Treatment of tW Motion of 6 Spiening Projectile About Its Center of Oravity, BEL Re-
S0.
TxST,252, U.. Army Ordnance
School, Aberdee P1ro, U.
. AGoud
Md.alm
available from Clano
freral
e
aatisb and Terhnioallnforuation,Fpral 8.,
V as PB 181465.
V1. aWPB 181465.
31. W. Pobi Phyuical Pfvdusepe of Mechanics
IW1
NUP 706-242
REFERENCES (coat'd)
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Drag
22. A. C. Charters and R. II. Kent, The Relation
Between The Skis Friction Drag dud the Spin
Reducing Torque, BUL Report 287, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Md, 1942.
23. A. C. Charters and R. A. Turetaky, Deterwiina.ton of Base Pressure fro, Pree-Flight Data,
BEL Report 653, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Md., 1948.
24. R. R. Dickieson, Some Aerodynamic Elects of
Bad Shape Variation at Mach Number I",
BEL Memorandum Report 838, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Md, 1954.
25. R. R. Dickinson, The ,lect of Boattaihno on
the Drag Coofficient of Cone-Cylieder Priwjec
acties, BEL MNewm .
tile at SuperoicVl
3.2
DalFo
:13. B. G. Karpov and M. J. Piddington, Bleet on
Drg of Two Stable Plow ConfigratimOver
the Noe Spike of the 90-mn T316 Proetile,
BEL Technical Note 955, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Md, 1954
34. A. S. Platon, Boy Moe She, foe* Obtaining
High Stti Stabilih,BRL Memorandum Re.
port 592, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md&, 1952.
35. a. C. P. Sabin, rkh Aerodnammie p
ies
of i spl.s-NO
SheUl at Traenie Veloitied,
BRL Mmorandum Report 1112, Abedmee
Proving Ground, Md., 1957.
b. I. H. KA.ie, paper prme d at tAe Fin.
AMCP 706-242
REFERENCES (cont'd)
Nltalili=n Asuimusaitkio Symtupnium, P'wratimly
Arwu',sal, W.21 Octobrr W565.
Magma Force."
"K
Dynamic StablUty
46. U. X. Dos and J. D. Nicolaides, A Method of
bet etumimg lows Aerodynwm~ Cooffi~e'st
from Supersonic Free Plight Tests of a HollMistie, BRE Report 711, Aberdeen Prov-
Nmsg
24
k_
AMCP 706-242
REFERENCES (cont'd)
1.8, BRL Memorandum Report. 1302, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., 1960.
55. R. A. Turetaky, Dynamic Stability of Spianer
Rocket Modes Pired in the Free Plight Aero.
dyiwmic Range, BRL Memorandum Report
526, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., 1950.
Test of an Upper Atmosphere Gus Probe Bystern, BRL Memo. -idum Report 1368, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., 1961.
65, G. Taylor, Sabot.Lmunchisg Systems for Zzpertmental Peaetrators,BRL Memorandum Relwrt 1505, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.,
1963.
Aerodynamic Jump
Rock.-Asisted Proecl
Arrow Projectiles
Liquid.Fills Projestlkm
8tewartson's Tables, BRL Memorandum Beport 1477, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.,
73.
73. K. Steparton, "On the Stability of a Spin.
Fluid Mek.
,ingTop Containing Liqui
4
,P
Pototype Tesbng
74. Z. R. Diekinmon, Physied Meseimeft of
Projectiles, BRL Teehia Note $74, Aber.
doee Proving Ground, Md., 1964
E.4
AMCP 706.242
REFERENCES (cont'd)
75. AMCP 706-110, Engineering Design Handbook, Ezperim~etal Statistics, Section 1, B3wc
Concepts aed Analysis of Meassrement Data.
7r AM('P 706-112, Engineering Detign Handbook, EZpcyim tatal Statistics, Section 3, Planwsig end Amalysis of Comparative Ezperimest.
"77. Test ead Evaatio ('ommend Materiel Test
'Procedures,TZCP 700-700, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Md.
Asendynamic Data-Spinners
7& Z. D. Boyer, Airodyxamic Characteristicsof
20-. m Sh11e, HEI, T722E1, BRL Memorandum
Report 813, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.,
195.
79. R. D. Boyer, Aerodynamic Properties of Whe
90-mm HE M71 Shell, BRL Memorandum
Report 1475, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md,
1963.
80. R. R. Dickinson, The Zfects of A%%ular Rings
ead Grooves, and of Body Undercuts on the
Aerodynsamic Properties of a Coe-.Cyliader
Projectile at M = 1.72, BRL Memorandum
Report 1284, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.,
1960.
91. H. P. Hitchcock, Aerodynamic Data for Spin.
ning Projectiles, BRL Report 620 (1947), with
Errata Sheet (1952), Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Md.
I If.l. It. Kelly, The Subsonic Aerodynamic Char.
actereics of Several spin.st.biliged Rocket
Models, . Static Coc ients. Naval Ordnance
Test Station Technical Memorandum 375.
China Lake, California, 1953. 1Z. "Mwaus
Coeficiest, Naval Ordnance Tcst Station Tech.
nieal Memorandum 376, China Like, Califor.
a* 1953.
83. L C. MacAllister, The Aerodysnmic Proper.
tie and Related Dispersion Charaectestiato of
soeShelf, 90-mo, HE, T91,
a Hempheia
With and Without Tracer Xlefmt, BRL Mereorasdum Report 990, Aberdeen Proving
Aerodynamic Data.-i*nwr
87. E. D. Boyer, Aerodlguemic Properties of 60mm Mortar Shell, T24, BRL Memorandum
Report 1020, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.,
1956.
88. R. H. Krieger and J. M. Hughes, Wind Tunnel
Tests on the Budd Company T153, 120-mm,
HEAT Spike Nt,se, Poldig PiA Projectile,
BRL Memorandum Report 738, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Md., 1953.
89. IL C. MacAllister, The Aerody-amic Propertie
of a simple Non-Rouing Pisnod Cose-Cylinder
Co,,jguotion Betwee, Mach Numbers 1.0 -ed
9.5, BRL Report 931, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Md., 1955.
90. L C. IacAllister and K T. Roek--, 1oradynamic Properties,Spin, and Lasm, rnw, Charactenitics of ,05-mrm Mortar Shell 5331
With Two Typos of Piss. BRL Memorandum
Report 618, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md,
1952.
91. U. J. Piddington, Some Aerodynamic Proper.
ties of a Typical Pin-Stbils"d Ordnance ShAe,
BRIL Memorandum Report 1215, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Md., 1959.
92. A. &. Platou, The Elect of High Stability
Noe on Pinned CooWurstions, BRL Technieal Note 707, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Md, 1952.
93. L J. Rose and R. H. Krieger, Wind Tusnnl
AWCP 7M-242
REFERENCES (cont'd)
Projeotil Geometry
9.. Tabirx for the Iiei)ylu of Mirsilrx, tlal, (U)t-.
putation Iamaratory, Ilarvrai UnIiversity.
(ambridgw, Maw,., 194.
98. Mrchasical Integration for .olidi of R'oluw.
tioa, Development Engineering Division, Ar.
tillery Ammunition Department. Frankford
Arsenal, Phi;adelphia, Pa.
96. AMCP 706-"47, Engineering Design Hand.
book, Ammunition !eries &ectis 4. Design for
/'ropetia.
9?. A1M0' 706-140. Kiginvering I)Mhipl lanfIhook. Itallimtir. .4 riem, Trajeetarice. NDferns.
Ial ,freet, msd Data for IPojectiles.
99. Jay b. Pol;twer. ",hdll" A (ComputerProgram
for Dlet~rmi, ig the Physical Propertie of
Artillery k.ell and Related im,
Tehnieal
Memorandum Report No. ORDBB-DRI-14
(SAAS No. ;36).Pietinny Arsenal, Dover,
N.J.. 11%2.
. "
AMCP 706442
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Genral
L H. J. Coon, Evaluaion of SkeU, HE, 81-mm,
M362, Modified, BRL Tecbmical Note 1288,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., 1959. (Con.
fidential)
2. 9. IL Dickinson, Design of.a Ducti~c Cost Iron
Ske for the 255-mm Howitze, BEL Technia
Note 1194, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.,
1958. (Conidential)
3. B. G. Karpov and J. W. Bradley, A Study of
Cve.
of Short Rnges of the 84nch 7317
SksU, BRL Report, 1049, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Nd., 1358. (Secret-Restricted Data)
4. L C. MacAllister, Comparotvp
e
,iriags
of 105mm= 8
r31331 and 105-mm SheU Mi from
7h
Uumodified oud Counterbored M2A1 Howitzer
Taub,
BRL Technical Note 739, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Mtd., 1952. (Confidential)
5 L C. Ma
,"IISome Problems Asociated
rnaduza Report
1664, Aberdeen
Proving
Armw Pzreject~
14. IL C. Huarett, "Asrodynami Ckareeterisies
at Pia-Beatatil Cambinsatm at
= 2.00,"
54
AM(P 706-242
BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)
3rd Navy Symposivm ow Arrobalitics, Applied l'hysis Laboratory, Silver Spriug, Md.,
NAVORi) Report 5338, Paper 14, 1954. (Confldw~tial)
15. F. G. King and R. H. Kent, Kill Probably
of the =160 Gsas for Two Drag Estimaes,
and Comparison with tke Loki Rocket, BRL
Tanel Teat of the T340Z11, 90-ran HE Projecti XitA Varywg Svik* Nose mnd $poolType-Body Parameters, BRL Memorandum
-Report 1146, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.,
1958.
DualFlo
26. I. D. Boyer, Dra awd Stability Properties of
the AVCO 52 Now Caos Modol, BEL Tec.
nical Note 1145, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Md., 1957. (Confidential)
27. Z. D. Boyer, Drag and Stability Properties of
the AVCO 13 No" Comn Model, BRL Technie! Note 1147, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Md., 1957. (Conedential)
28. H. H. Album, Spiked Blat .Bodies in Supoe.
sowi Plom, Air Force Ofoe of Scientific Research Report 307, Wshington, D. C., 1961.
DMgIt
90.
21.
IL
2L
3.2y
. .
.--.
--
..
.~..
..
"BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)
andm
inet
8.8. ~q "M
of
iad
38. S.
AS Roe.PrOctile Configuration. (12.75-inch
ket; Called 'Weapon A' and 7-ealiber A-N
8,-400we Rocket)," 3rd Navy Rympoesionm.
Mrebeliiet,
A.pplied Physic lbomtory,
Sprin Md, NAVORD Report 5338, Pape 2.
19,4. (Confdeatial)
U. H. R. Kelly aud 0. R. Thacker, The Elec of
EHV Spsma t" Magu For" on a Cylinder
St Small Angle. of Attack, NAVORD Rpo-t
UK 196a..
40. W. Loebuek and W. Spenk',
W,d Tunnel
Ne.,
Chere
w of Md 7.aikw- A-N
Bylawo Boe", NAVORD Report 3813, 1I6.
Ri.t-Asimed Projeatlesl
41. R. D. Boyer, Compaison of Aerodynamic
70-eam Tri
Charaeterisiwa of L4e and Ie
Gun.oosted Rackts, BRL Memorandum Report 1084, Aberdeen Proving Ground, lid.,
1957.
42. S. J. HEUnet and S Wasm man, Seond Status
Report, Rearck end Developeat of Boosted
ArtUeM. Projprtl, Pwamnny Arsenal Technical Memorandum Report 1183, Dover, NJ.,
1963. DDC No. AD 339982. (Confidential)
43. P. H. McIntosh, T2k Trhory and tas Colestion. of the Behavior of Self-Aligning Rwcket,
BIL Report 1228, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Md., 1963.
44. 0. J. Pietrangeli, 1. Fame and W. Amos, "Ram.
jet Engine Design Optimization and the Comperative Performance Evalustion of Super.
sonic Diffusers for Long Range Triton Mis.
sile," 3rd Navy 8ymposinin on Aeroballiec,
Applied Physics Laboratory, Silver Spring,
Md., NAVORD Report 5338, Paper 7, 1954.
45. Design Studies on a 105--a Gun-Boosted
Pocket. Final Report, A. D. IUttle, Ine., Cambridge, Maw., prepared for Picatinny Arsenal,
Dover, N.J., 25 January 1963. DDC No. AD
33653. (Confideptial)
46. 5-imch 38-caliber Rocket Sustained Projectiles,
The Budd Company,. Phildepha, Pa., prm.
pared for Bureau of Naval Weapons, Study
Project
dentia) 3,1-,051, November 1861. (Con&-
P
Grnd, Md., n.
49. J. W. Bradley, A Cemqwues of MAretued
AMUP 70&-242
BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)
8ptm. HidtoriW of81-ma. Mortar 8ksU 728Z5
With Solsisoua of Lossarized Bai Equation.,
DRL Tech inical Note 1234,.Aberdee-n Proviirg
Ground, Md., 1958. (Confidential) .port
50. B. 0. Karpov and W. 3L Simon, Efectizeseu
of Severa Simpl Nethodr of Asr.,dymakc
Comire of Spis of the 80-mm., HXAr, T10& Ito
.Shel BRL Memorandum Report 879, Aber.
dess Proving Ground, ML, 1956.
364
No.
106
107
-108
112
114
121
134
131
Title
ziomets Of Aumat Enqivimerlg. Part Own.
Swimcs of Energy
Elements of Armment Engineering. Port Too.
Ball1istics
Elements of Araernt Eswrineering. Pert Tbreet.
WI
eapon,
Sys test madC1 irn s
110
erlintal Statistics. Section 1. Besic Co-for
Copts mand Aysis of ketiiiamnt Date
II
Esperimmatal 'Ae istics. Saction 2, Atelysis
of [ar&.t1 * and Classificatory Data
Experimtal Statistics. Section 3. Planning
seiet
s ofCrtv
1m3Ev wayste
1T3opeicst Statistics. Section 4. special
TepicsTargets
Expearimental Ststistlcs. Section S. Tables
Pactaipg md PeckEe~mpeimam
Pinti.*aiility Buide for Desigh
andRlated bitters
leveations. Patents.
00.
283
264(C)
286
340
341
342
343
344
'46
344
341
131
137
138
in1
170(C)
270
2W0C)
331
Anvstiw4
'KIII
175
176(C)
178(c)
if9
210
2111C)
212(S)
213(5)
211(S)
2145M
242
246(C)
246
28
Ma
vioZZ~a:.c Seri"e
140
Trajectories. Gifforentlal Marets
Danlit&
Projectiles
IS
interior Ballistics of Bius
160(s)
Elements of Terminal Ballistics. Part Owe.
Intre utime. Kill ikpoisms. sod
ciowt of Temia Ballistics. Part Two.
161(S)
Collection amd Analysis of Data Coniceraing
16205-41)
(U)
Nets--Qmrval
Carriges Metg
Cradles
moacl 1 system;
TepCarriages
Bottom Carrilates
Equilibrators
Eleva0tieg bcbaINsm
Traverstag Mechanisme
cow. Seri*4
66-Gan
Sortee"
Amsrmds
XWtociar
~itim.-4emrelt.
244
Sb~hiliti
Z..,do
186
1I7
11111
glmiary
Part mTe". PIN eotie of hahetrala Used ia
aacCet
Part Five. Sibliegrephy
uloloipxwt
ei
o %
ieseSa
Part am. System lotegratica
291
Part Two."so"e Cientral
M
U
Pert Fmro. Cmiutesil u
294(3
t
Pert Foure. Cuiitle I
M S
S9() Port live. CoimtaasWrus (U)
Part six. Structueva eMgFower Sources
2%
Problem (U
Pert Seven. Somple
297(S)
UeflSr4
fber adglabor-Likoe Eteriale
gasket Mlateirials (Italict
Adisiues
Guide to Selection of M~e O4ieg
Amsaimeaond Alopmiem Alloys
Alimoiv W.Titealmo AeISO
adtiCeppier Allays
6ide to Seeificatievia far floonibte limber
691
Products
Plastics
70
ad Correeion Prahecklims of obtals
Ceweeonsd
72
Maid,
n
149
212'
691
02
6113
07
gr
~ih
11It emIOINUM
-~--
~~~~
-
---
urM@
n onya,
of bfmeae
0.0-60 $@IBmgeMi