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127
1. Introduction
For Past many years construction industry has
been making some progress in the utilisation of
waste materials in concrete. Some of waste
products are fly ash, rice husk, saw dust,
discarded tires, e-waste, glass, bagasse ash,
stone dust and ceramic. Proper use of waste
products provides viable economy and healthy
environment. Each waste product has its specific
effect on properties of fresh and hard concrete.
There has been a long-term growing demand for
aggregates to produce concrete and this has
presented increased problems of supplying of
sand and gravel [10]. Previous researches have
shown crushed stone dust can be used to replace
the natural sand in concrete [2,4]. Recycle
aggregates are also being studied though some
loss in workability and mechanical property is
reported [11,12]. The ceramic industry has about
30% to 50% failed products due to improper
mixing or heating conditions [6]. Present study
has been done to evaluate the suitability of such
waste materials in concrete production.
2. Experimental Work
2.1 Materials
I.
Cement
The cement used in all mixtures was
commercially available Portland Pozzolana
cement of 43 grade manufactured by Jaypee
cement company confirming to IS 8112:1989
was used in this study.
II.
Fine Aggregates
a)
Locally available river sand passed
through 4.75mm IS sieve is used as fine
aggregate. The specific gravity of sand is 2.61
and fineness modulus of 2.21.
b)
Stone dust used in the laboratory investig
ations was procured from a local crushing
plant. The specific gravity of stone dust was 2.5
and fineness modulus was 2.67.
III.
Coarse Aggregates
a)
The Coarse aggregate are obtained from
a local quarry is used. The coarse aggregate with
a maximum size 10mm having a specific gravity
2.64 and fineness modulus of 6.90.
b)
The ceramic wastes are obtained from a
pottery industry waste. The waste ceramics are
crushed into pieces with crushing machine in
laboratory. The specific gravity of ceramic
aggregates is 2.27 and fineness modulus of 5.64.
2.2 Preparation of specimen
The quantities of the constituents of the concrete
were obtained from the Indian Standard Mix
Design method (IS: 10262- 2009). The variation
of strength of hardened concrete using stone
dust as fine aggregate (partial replacement) is
studied by casting cubes, cylinders and beams.
The concrete was prepared in the laboratory
using hand mixing. The cement, fine aggregate
and coarse aggregate were first mixed in dry
state to obtain uniform colour and calculated
amount of water obtained from workability test
was added and the whole concrete was mixed
for five minutes in wet state. Meanwhile the
moulds are screwed tightly to avoid leakage Oil
was applied on inner surface of the moulds. The
cast specimens were removed from moulds after
24 hours and the specimens were immersed in a
clean water tank. After curing the specimens for
a period of 28 days, the specimens were
removed from the water tank and allowed to dry
under shade.
3. Experimental Work
128
3.1 Tests
For each batch of concrete, three cubes of
150mmX150mmX150mm size were tested to
determine compressive strength. Three beams of
100mmX100mmX500mm size were tested to
determine the flexure strength.
SI No. 1
2
3
4
Prope
rty
Specific
Gravity
Initial
setting
Time
Final
Setting
Time
Compressiv
e Strength
Value
3.13
32
min
216
min
44.28 MPa
SI
No
.
Stone
Dust
1
2
12.5 mm
10 mm
--100
--100
4.75 mm
100
100
4
5
6
7
8
2.36 mm
1.18 mm
600
300
150
99.30
96.70
56.20
21.90
5.30
81
39.70
9.6
4.2
1.1
Coarse aggre
gates
Natura Cer
l aggre ami
gates
c
Wa
ste
100
100
98.25
97.
35
10
9.9
8
1
1
0
0
-------------
Mix
Desig
nation
Fine aggregate
Sand
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
MC
MC0
MC1
MC2
MC3
MC4
MC5
100%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Coarse aggreg
ate
Numbe
r of spe
cimens
Stone
Dust
Conven
tion-al
Ceram
ic
Waste
Cu
bes
B
ea
m
s
0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
100%
80%
80%
80%
80%
80%
80%
0%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
129
25
20
SI
N
o.
15
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
130
[6]
M. V. Reddy, Investigations on stone
dust and ceramic scrap as aggregate replacement
in concrete, International Journal of Civil &
Structural Engineering, vol. 1(3), pp. 661-666,
2010
[7]
R. P. Nanda, A. K. Das, and N. C.
Moharana, Stone crusher dust as a fine
aggregate
in
Concrete
for
paving
blocks, International Journal of Civil and
Structural Engineering, vol. 1(3), pp. 613-620,
2010
[8]
H. Binici, H. Kaplan, and S. Yilmaz,
Influence of marble and limestone dusts as
additives on some mechanical properties of
concrete, Scientific Research and Essay,
vol. 2(9), pp. 372-379, 2007
[9]
B. P. Hudson, Manufactured sand for
concrete, The Indian concrete Journal, vol. 71,
pp. 237-241, 1997
[10] T. Celik, and K. Marar, Effects of
crushed stone dust on some properties of
concrete, Cement and Concrete research, vol.
26(7), pp. 1121-1130, 1996
[11] F. Pacheco-Torgal, and S. Jalali,
Reusing ceramic wastes in concrete,
Construction and Building Materials, vol. 24(5),
pp. 832-838, 2010
[12] R. M. Senthamarai, and P. D.
Manoharan, Concrete with ceramic waste
aggregate, Cement and Concrete Composites,
vol. 27(9), pp. 910-913, 2005IS: 383-1970,
Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates
from natural sources for concrete (Second
revision). BIS New Delhi, India.
[13] IS: 9399-1979, Specification for
apparatus for flexural testing of concrete. BIS
New Delhi, India.
[14] IS: 516-1959, method of test for strength
of concrete Bureau of Indian standards. New
Delhi, India.
[15] IS:
10262-1982,
recommended
guidelines for concrete mix Design, BIS. New
Delhi, India.