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Masahiro Yamamoto
This manuscript is modied on February 21, 2009 1 : 17 pm
For simplicity Poisson equation is considered here, i.e. no charge except at the interface between the
electrode and the medium.
(
=
2
2
2
+
x2 y 2
=0
(1)
In the present work we will consider the potential and charge distribution at an edge or corner of the
two conducting(metal) plate. We just follow the discussion done by J. D. Jacksons book on Classical
Electrodynamics, 3rd edition, Chap. 2, Section 11. In the Fig.1 the corner between the two conducting
plate is shown.
Figure 1:
It is convenient to use cylindrical coordinate r, , z. In the z direction the potential and charges are the
same, then we will consider the r, problem.
r
=
+
y
y r y
x
x
r =
x2 + y 2 , cos = = 2
r
x + y2
1 2
x
r
y
r
=
[x + y 2 ]1/2 2x = = cos ,
= = sin
x
2
r
y
r
cos
x
sin
y
r
+
,
x r x
(2)
(3)
(4)
cos
1
1 1
1
x2
= sin
= +x
2x
=
1
x
x
r
2 r3
r
r2
(
=
=
sin2
,
r
sin
=
x
r
sin
1
1 1
1
y2
cos2
cos
= cos
= +y
2y
=
1
=
,
=
3
2
y
y
r
2 r
r
r
r
y
r
r
sin
cos
+
= cos
,
=
+
= sin
+
x r x
r
r
y
y r y
r
r
1
(5)
(6)
(7)
2
x2
2
y 2
2
2
+
x2 y 2
)(
sin
sin
2
cos sin
cos sin 2
=
cos
cos
= cos2 2 +
r
r
r
r
r
r2
r
r
2
2
2
2
sin
sin cos
sin cos
sin
+
+
+
(8)
r r
r
r
r2
r2 2
(
)(
)
cos
cos
2
cos sin
cos sin 2
=
sin
+
sin
+
= sin2 2
+
r
r
r
r
r
r2
r
r
2
2
2
2
sin cos
sin cos
cos
cos
+
+
(9)
+
2
r r
r
r
r
r2 2
2
1
1 2
=
+
+
(10)
r2 r r r2 2
(
(r, ) =
2
1
2
1 2
+
+
r2 r r r2 2
(r, ) = 0
(11)
The radial direction er and the angular directon erd as shown in Fig.1 is perpendicular, then the gradient
of the potential can be dened
= er
1
+ erd
r
r
(12)
2 (r, ) =
r2
R
2 R 1 R
+
r2
r r
2
1 2
1
+
+
r2 r r r2 2
(r, ) =
2 R 1 R
+
r2
r r
1 2
= 2
2
(13)
R 2
=0
r2 2
(14)
(15)
(16)
() = c cos() + d sin()
(17)
R(r) = + ln r
(18)
() = +
(19)
and for = 0
=0
(20)
r = 0 is included, then
b = 0,
=0
(21)
and
sin(0 ) = 0,
n
,
0
n = 1, 2, 3, ....
(22)
Then we have
(r, ) = V +
an rn/0 sin(n/0 )
(23)
n=1
(24)
1
E = = er
erd
r
r
/0 1
Er a1 r
sin(/0 )
0
(25)
(26)
(27)
From the Gauss theorem at the surface, we can write with the unit vector n form metal to vacuum
n [Dvac Dmetal ] = metal|vac ,
Dmetal = 0
The surface charge density at = 0 and = 0 are equal and can be approximated
(r) = Dvac = 0 Erd = a1
0 /0 1
r
0
(28)
When 0 is small, the power of r becomes large and no charge accumulation at the corner r = 0. For
at surface 0 = , there is no dependence on r. When 0 > the power /0 1 of r becomes negative,
and at the edge the surface charge density become singular.
3
2
7
4
3/2
7/4
2
/0 1
+
3
1
0
-1/3
-3/7
-1/2
r/0 1
r3
r
1
r1/3
r3/7
r1/2