CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter able to discuss about the research and studies by the well known authors and
professionals in relation to our conducted research and studies .This chapter will serve as
the framework for the fulfillment of our research. And lastly, trough this, we had our
basis that continued a lot for our data and further studies in future.
Foreign Literature
According to “Medical and heath Encyclopedia” by Richard J. Wagman M.D,
Infectious mononucleosis (kissing disease) is characterized by the presence in the blood
stream of a large number of lymphocytes , may which are abnormally formed. The
disease is mildly contagious, kissing is thought popular source of transmission and occurs
chiefly among children and adolescent.
This disease is not easy to diagnose. It can incubate anywhere from four days to four
weeks at which point the patient may experience fever, headache, sore throat, swollen
lymph nodes, loss of appetite and general feeling of weakness. At few severe cases may
require hospitalization because of complication such as rupture of spleen, skin lesion,
some minor liver malfunction and occasionally hemolytic anemia.
According to Luis J. Vorhaws M.D, infectious mononucleosis is an illness
characterized by fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and changes in the blood count.
It strikes mostly adolescent young adult, and varies wildly severity. The liver is
commonly inflamed causing a mild form of hepatitis. In a small number of patient of
nervous system maybe infected resulting in meningitis, encephalitis, peripheral neuritis or
even coma..
According to Eric G. Neilson, interstitial neuritis (kissing disease) is the principle
effector of interstitial injury has been the idea that interstitial neuritis is the final common
pathway to renal failure. This belief is prompted new work on the cell biology of renal
progression .Introduces a observation and wrinkle.. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) may be
root cause for mist idiopathic interstitial disease. The interstitial change a characteristic
and include macrophages accumulation, mononuclear inflammation, proteolysis, and
tubular atrophy with concomitant fibrosis.
 According to Hani M. Bathish ‘kisses from distance’ delves into the lure migration
subject the sesonates deeply for nearly every Lebanese family today.
Local Literature
According to Dr. Phillip S. Chua ( Under Health and Food disease),If there is a
such thing a a fun way to catch a non- fetal illness, it is by lips kissing (or mouth to
mouth resuscitation) causing infectious mononucleosis or kissing disease. The virus
responsible for the disease is the saliva of the infected partner that is transmitted by
kissing. This condition, which is self-limiting, is the most common among teenagers and
younger people in general, especially those under a lot of stress and whose immune
system is low from fatigue, lack of sleep.
According to Malu Fernandez,(People Asia Magazine), for those who don’t know
for infectious mononucleosis. Mono is commonly referred to as the kissing disease,
Pfeiffer’s Disease, or glandular fever and is caused by a virus called Epstein-Barr Virus.
Its common symptoms are fever, tender and enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, muscle
weakness, and mental fatigue. In some cases, symptoms are mild but in others are
dreadful. Something that works on to threat mono not widely available to human kind to
put an end to this unwelcome illness once and for all. Phamaceutical companies can’t
profit because the cure is very inexpensive, it can be implemented with supplies from
your local health food store.

According to Craig Matini ( Heath and disease ).Kissing disease: A name for
infectious mononucleosis ("mono"), a very common illness caused by the Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV). By the time most people reach adulthood, an antibody against EBV can be
detected in their blood meaning they have been infected with EBV. The illness is less
severe in young children. The infection can be spread by saliva. The incubation period for
"mono" is 4 to 8 weeks. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph
glands. "Mono" can cause liver inflammation (hepatitis) and spleen enlargement.
Vigorous contact sports should be avoided to prevent spleen rupture.
Theoretical Framework
Psychoanalytic Theory by Sigmund Freud postulated that everyone was born with
the potential to be bisexual, Whether or not someone become heterosexual or homosexual
was, Freud believed, a result of circumstances that affected the child’s developmental.
For example, if a young boy was unable to satisfactory resolve the Oedipal complex ( an
attraction for his mother ) and became “fixed” at his phase of psychosexual development,
he become a homosexual; or if the boy continued to fear castration ( “castration
complex”) he might grow up to be homosexual.
Psychoanalytic Theory by Sigmund Freud clearly states that human behavior is
motivated by an inner force called human mind. He also described a conflict, between a
person’s instinctual needs for gratification, and demand of society for socialization.