GATE 2015 EC Set-1 With Solution

GATE 2015 SOLVED PAPER
Electronics and Communication

Set-1
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GATE SOLVED PAPER- 2015

General Aptitude
Q. No. 15 Carry One Mark Each.
Choose the word most similar in meaning to the given word:
Educe
(A) Exert
(B) Educate
(C) Extract
(D) Extend
QUE 1
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SOL
Correct option is (C).
QUE 2
If log x ^ 75 h = 13 , then the value of x is
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(A) 343 (B)

125
(C) - 25 (D)
49
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125
343
- 49
25
Correct option is (A).

log x b 5 l = 1
3
7
5
1

b 7 l = ^x 3 h
or
x 1/3 = b 7 l
5
3
Hence,
x = b 7 l = 343
5
125
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Operators 4, G and " are defined by: a4b = a b ; aZb = a + b ; a " b = ab.
a+b
ab
Find the value (6646) " (66Z6).
(A) - 2
(B) - 1
(C) 1
(D) 2
QUE 3
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SOL
QUE 4
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^66 4 6h " ^66G6h

= 66 6 # 66 + 6 = 1
66 + 6
66 6
Choose the most appropriate word form the options given below to complete
the following sentence.
The principal presented the chief guest with a_______, as token of
appreciation.
(A) momento
(B) memento
(C) momentum
(D) moment
SOL
Correct option is (B).
QUE 5
Choose the appropriate word/phrase, out of the four options given below, to
complete the following sentence:
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Frogs_______.
(A) Croak
(B) Roar
(C) Hiss
(D) Patter
SOL
Q. No. 610 Carry Two Marks Each.

A cube of side 3 units is formed using a set of smaller cubes of side 1 unit.
Find the proportion of the number of faces of the smaller cubes visible to
those which are NOT visible.
(A) 1 : 4
(B) 1 : 3
(C) 1 : 2
(D) 2 : 3
QUE 6
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Consider the cube of side 1 unit shown below.
SOL
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Now, a set of similar cubes as shown above is joint to form a cube of side
3 units, we have to determine the ratio of faces of smaller cubes visible to
those which are not visible . Complete surface area of the cube of side 3 units
determined as

A = 6 # ^3h2

= 54
Again, the area of one face of cube of side 1 unit is

A1 = ^1 h2 = 1
So, the total number of visible faces is

N visible = A = 54
A1
Again, total number of smaller cubes required to form the big cube is
Number of smaller cubes = volume of cube of side 3 unit
volume of cube of side 1 unit
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^3h3

=
= 27
^1 h3
So, the total number of faces of smaller cubes is given as

N total = 6 # (number of smaller cubes)

= 6 # 27 = 162
Therefore number of invisible faces is

N invisible = N total N visible

= 162 54 = 108
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Hence, the desired ratio is
N visible = 54 = 1 or 1:2

108 2
N invisible
Fill in the missing value
QUE 7
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Correct answer is 3.
In the given problem, the numbers appearing in the centre line is average
of the sum of numbers appearing on left and right to the numbers. This is
shown in figure below.
SOL
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QUE 8
SOL
QUE 9
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Hence, the unknown number is given by

3 + 3 = 3 .

2
Humpty Dumpty sits on a wall every day while having lunch. The wall
sometimes breaks. A person sitting on the wall falls if the wall beaks.
Which one of the statements below is logically valid and can be inferred from
the above sentences ?
(A) Humpty Dumpty always falls while having lunch
(B) Humpty Dumpty does not fall sometimes while having lunch
(C) Humpty Dumpty never falls during dinner
(D) When Humpty Dumpty does not sit on the wall, the wall does not break.
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The following question presents a sentence, part of which is underlined.
Beneath the sentence you find four ways of phrasing the underline part.
Following the requirements of the standard written English, select the answer
that produces the most effective sentence.
Tuberculosis, together with its effects, ranks one of the leading causes of
death in India.
(A) ranks as one of the leading causes of death
(B) rank as one of the leading causes of death
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(C) has the rank of one of the leading causes of death

(D) are one of the leading causes of death
SOL
QUE 10
Read the following paragraph and choose the correct statement.

Climate change has reduced human security and threatened human well
being. An ignored reality of human progress is that human security largely
depends upon environmental security. But on the contrary, human progress
seems contradictory to environmental security. To keep up both at the
required level is a challenge to be addressed by one and all. One of the ways
to curb the climate change may be suitable scientific innovations, while the
other may be the Gandhian perspective on small scale progress with focus
on sustainability.
(A) Human progress and security are positively associated with environmental
security.
(B) Human progress is contradictory to environmental security.
(C) Human security is contradictory to environmental security.
(D) Human progress depends upon environmental security.
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SOL
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Electronics and Communication Engineering
Q. No. 125 Carry One Mark Each.
A region of negative differential resistance is observed in the current voltage
characteristics of a silicon PN junction if
(A) Both the P-region and N-region are heavily doped
(B) The N-region is heavily doped compared to the P-region
(C) The P-region is heavily doped compared to the N-region
(D) An intrinsic silicon region is inserted between the P-region and the
N-region
QUE 1
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In case of Tunnel diode formed by PN junction, tunnel diode gives negative
resistance and works in forward bias, and in tunnel diode both N and P
regions are heavily doped.
SOL
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QUE 2
A silicon sample is uniformly doped with donor type impurities with a

concentration of 1016/cm3. The electron and hole mobilities in the sample are
1200 cm2/V-s and 400 cm2/V-s respectively. Assume complete ionization of
impurities. The charge of an electron is 1.6 # 10-19 C. The resistivity of the
sample (in -cm) is_______.
SOL
Correct answer is 0.5208 .

Since, we know
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Resistivity ^ h =
1
conductivity ()
Given doped with donor type impurities i.e. n -type. So, conductivity will be
given by

N = e n N D
where
(charge on an electron)
e = 1.6 # 1019 C
16
3

ND = 10 /cm (given)

n = 1200 cm2 /V s (given)
Therefore,
N = 1.6 # 1019 # 1200 # 1016
QUE 3
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n
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= 1.92
Hence,
= 1
N

= 1 = .5208 cm
1.92
A unity negative feedback system has the open-loop transfer function
G (s) = s (s + 1K)(s + 3) . The value of the gain K (>0) at which the root locus
crosses the imaginary axis is _______.
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G ^ s h =
K
s ^s + 1h^s + 3h
.L.T.F (close loop transfer function) is
C

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G ^s h

=
1 + G ^s h H ^s h
G ^s h

=
1 + G ^s h
K

=
s ^s + 1h^s + 3h + K
So, characteristic equation is

s ^s + 1h^s + 3h + K = 0

s3 + 4s2 + 3s + K = 0
Now, we obtain the Routh array as
s3
1
3
2
s
4
K
K
12
1
s b
-4 l
0
s
K
(for negative feedback)

[H ^s h = 1]
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Row of s1 to be zero for oscillatory response or for poles to be on imaginary

axis. So, we have
K - 12 = 0

-4
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or
K = 12
This is the value of gain at which root locus crosses the imaginary axis.
QUE 4
SOL
Suppose A and B are two independent events with probabilities P (A) ! 0

and P (B) ! 0 . Let A and B be their complements. Which one of the
following statements is FALSE?
(A) P (A + B) = P (A) P (B)
(B) P ^ BA h = P (A)
(C) P (A , B) = P (A) + P (B)
(D) P (A + B ) = P (A) P (B )
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A and B are two independent events with probabilities,

P Â ! 0h and P ^B ! 0h
Now, we check the given options.
(A)
P Â + B h = P ÂhP ^B h TRUE

[By the rule of two independent events]
P Â + B h P ÂhP ^B h
(B)
P Â # B h =
=
= P Âh TRUE
P ^B h
P ^B h
(C)
P Â , B h = P Âh + P ^B h P Â + B h

= P Âh + P ^B h P ÂhP ^B h False
(D)
P Â + B h = P Â h P ^B h TRUE
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NOTE
Since A and
QUE 5
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B are independent, therefore A and B will also be independent.
The waveform of a periodic signal x (t) is shown in the figure.
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in
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A signal g (t) is defined by g (t) = x ^ t 2 1 h. The average power of g (t) is_____.

x b t - 1 l = x b 1 ^t 1hl
2
2
So, we first scale x ^ t h by 12 , and then shift the result by 1 unit right. The
resulting waveform is obtained as
SOL
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Now, average power is given by

2

Pav . = 1 g ^ t h dt
T T
We have the magnitude of waveform g ^ t h as shown below.
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Taking the sample period 3 < t < 3 , we obtain
3
2

g t dt
Pav. = 1
6 3 ^ h
Pav. = 1
6
i#n
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g ^ t h dt
2

= 1 < b 3 t + 3 l dt +
6 1 2
2
.
a
2
b 23 t 23 l dtF

= 3 < ^1 t h2 dt + ^t 1h2 dtF
8 1
1
i
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^1 t h
^t 1h
E4

= 3 *<
+;
8
3 F1
3
1

= 3&8 + 80
8 3 3
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3 1
3 3

= 2.
SOL
In the network shown in the figure, all resistors are identical with R = 300.
The resistance Rab (in ) of the network is________.
QUE 6
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The equivalent resistance across terminal a -b is obtained by solving the
circuit as
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Rab = R
3

= 300 = 100
3
Consider a system of linear equations :

x 2y + 3z = 1

x 3 y + 4z = 1

2x + 4y 6z = k
The value of k for which the system has infinitely many solutions is_____.
Hence,
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QUE 7
SOL
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Given equations

x 2y + 3z = 1

x 3y + 4z = 1

2x + 4y 6z = k
Now, we represent the system as

Ax = b
R 1V
R 1 2 3V
S
S W
W
where
A = S 1 3 4W, b = S 1 W
SS 2 4 6WW
SS k WW
T X
T
X
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For infinitely many solution, we must have

R 1 2 3 1V
S
W

A augmented = A aug = S 1 3 4 1 W < Rank of A < N
SS 2 4 6 k WW
T
X
or
^RAug = RAh < ^n = 3, number of columnsh
R
V
S 1 2 3 1W
Now,
A aug = S 1 3 4 1W
R2 " 2R2 + R 3 , R 3 " 2R1 + R 3
SS 2 4 6 k WW
RT1 2 3 1VX
S
W

= S0 2 2 2 + k W
SS0 0 0 k 2WW
T
X
For k = 2 , we have

(Rank of Aug of Rank A = 2 ) < ^n = 3h
Hence, the system has many solutions for k = 2 .
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The polar plot of the transfer function G (s) =

the
(A) first quadrant
(B) second quadrant
(C) third quadrant
(D) fourth quadrant
QUE 8
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10 (s + 1)
s + 10
for # < 3 will be in

Given transfer function,
10 ^s + 1h

G ^ s h =
s + 10
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0##3
10 ^ jw + 1h 10 jw
(Put s = j )
G ^ jh =
10 + jw # 10 jw
or
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10 ^10jw + 10 + w2 jwh

=
100 + w2
10

=
^9jw + ^10 + w2hh
100 + w2
For = 0 , G ^ jh = 61 + j0@
1st quadrant
2
For = 3, G ^ jh = lim 10j c 9 2 m + 10 c 10 + 2 m
"3
100 +
100 +

1st quadrant
= 10 + 0j
Hence, the polar plot of transfer function is in the first quadrant.
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QUE 9
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Let z = x + iy be a complex variable. Consider that contour integration is

performed along the unit circle in anticlockwise direction. Which one of the
following statements is NOT TRUE?
(A) The residue of z -z 1 at z = 1 is 12
# z dz = 0
(C) # dz = 1
(B)
1
2i
1
z
(D) z (complex conjugate of z ) is an analytical function

SOL
Correct option is (D).
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The complex variable is defined as

z = x + iy ,
where contour in unit circle in a clockwise direction. Now, we check the given
options
z
(A)
f ^ z h =
z
+
1
^
h^z 1h
n1
Residue
= 1 lim d n 1 ^z 1hn f ^z h
n! z " 1 dz
z
n = 1,
= lim ^z 1h
= 1 TRUE
z"1
z
+
1
z
1
^
h^
h 2
in
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# z dz = 0 TRUE
2
(B)
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a
(By cauchys integral theorem; z2 is analytical in the given contour.)

1
1 dz = 1 2pi f 0
^ h
2i z
2pi
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d
(C)
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= 1 TRUE
(D) This is only remaining option, hence FALSE. It can be proved as well,
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z = x iy = u + iv
For analyticity,
ux = vy and uy = vx

1 !- 1 0 = 0
Hence z is NOT analytical.
QUE 10
u = x , v = y
t (t)(2pfc t) where m
t (t) denotes
Consider the signal s (t) = m (t) cos (2pfc t) + m
the Hilbert transform of m (t) and the bandwidth of m (t) is very small
compared to fc . The signal s (t) is a
(A) high-pass signal
(B) low-pass signal
(C) band-pass signal
(D) double side-band suppressed carrier signal
n
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We have the signal,
t (t) sin (2pfc t)

s ^ t h = m (t) cos (2pfc t) + m
Here, s ^ t h represents SSB - Lower side band, and thus a band pass signal.
SOL
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For the circuit with ideal diodes shown in the figure, the shape of the output
(Vout ) for the given sine wave input (Vin ) will be
QUE 11
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SOL
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For positive half A1 , we have
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So,
Vout = Vin
For negative half A2 , both diode will be OFF. So,

Vout = 0
Hence, the output is obtained as
QUE 12
SOL
QUE 13
SOL
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The result of the convolution x (- t) * (- t - t 0) is

(A) x (t + t 0)
(B) x (t - t 0)
(C) x ( t + t 0)
(D) x (- t - t 0)
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From the convolution property,

x ^ t h * ^t - t 0h = x ^t t 0h
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Now, we replace t by - t to obtain

x ^- t h * ^- t - t 0h = x ^ t t 0h
R1V
S W
The value of p such that the vector S2W is an eigenvector of the matrix
R4 1 2V
SS3WW
S
W
T X
S p 2 1 W is
SS14 - 4 10WW
T
X
For eigen vector X and matrix 6A@, we define

AX = X
From give problem, we have
R1V
R 4 1 2V
S W
S
W

A = S p 2 1W
X = S2W
SS3WW
SS14 4 10WW
T X
T
X
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Substituting it in equation, we get
R 4 1 2V R1V
R1V
W S W
S W
S

S p 2 1W S2W = S2W
R S VW
SS14 - 4 10WWR SS3VWW
12 W3 # 1 S lS3WW
3#3
S
T
X T X
T X
or
Sp + 7W = S2lW
S W
SS 36 WW
S3lW
3#1
T
X
If = 12 , 3 = 36 , and hence Twe Xobtain

p + 7 = 2
or
p = 24 7
or
p = 17
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In the given circuit, the values of V1 and V2 respectively are
QUE 14
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SOL
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(A) 5 V, 25 V
(B) 10 V, 30 V
(C) 15 V, 35 V
(D) 0 V, 20 V
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Given circuit is
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By Nodal analysis
V2 - V1 = V1 + V1 + 2I

4
4
4
V2 - V1 = 5 (V /4 = I , or V = 4I )

1
1
4
QUE 15
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Since,
Hence,
V2 - V1 = 20
V2 = 20 + V1
V2 = 20 + 4I
V1 = 4I = 5 V
V2 = 20 + 5 = 25 V
b 5 = I + I + 2I, or I = 54 l
In an 8085 microprocessor, the shift registers which store the result of an

addition and the overflow bit are, respectively
(A) B and F
(B) A and F
(C) H and F
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(D) A and C
SOL

The shift registers A and F store the result of an addition and the overflow
bit.
QUE 16
Negative feedback in a closed-loop control system DOES NOT

(A) reduce the overall gain
(B) reduce bandwidth
(C) improve disturbance rejection
(D) reduce sensitivity to parameter variation
SOL

Negative feedback in closed-loop control system does not reduce bandwidth.
QUE 17
A 16 Kb ( = 16, 384 bit) memory array is designed as a square with an

aspect ratio of one (number of rows is equal to the number of columns). The
minimum number of address lines needed for the row decoder is______.
SOL

Memory chip = (Number of rows) # (Number of columns)

= M#N
The number of address line required per row decoder is n , where

M = 2n or n = log 2 M
Given M = N ,

M # N = M # M = M 2 = 16 K
or
M2 = 2 4 # 210
or
M = 128
Hence,
N = 7
QUE 18
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A function f (x) = 1 x2 + x3 is defined in the closed interval [- 1, 1]. The

value of x , in the open interval (- 1, 1) for which the mean value theorem is
satisfied, is
(A) - 1 (B) - 1
2
3
(C) 1 (D) 1
3
2
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SOL
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Lagranges mean value theorem states that if a function f ^x h is continuous
in close interval 6a, b@ and differentiable in open interval â, b h, then for point
c in the interval, we may define
f ^b h f â h

f l^c h =
ba
Now, we have
f ^x h = 1 x2 + x3
Since, polynomial function is always continuous and differentiable, so
f ^1 h f ^ 1h

f l^x h =
=1
1 ^ 1h
or
2x + 3x2 = 1
or
3x2 - 2x - 1 = 0

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x = 1 , - 1
3
Hence,
x = 1 , as - 1 d ^- 1, 1h
3
3
The electric field component of a plane wave traveling in a lossless dielectric
medium is given by Ey (z, t) = aty 2 cos _108 t z2 i V/m. The wavelength (in m)
for the wave is_______.
or
QUE 19
Correct answer is 8.8858.
SOL
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E ^z, t h = aty 2 cos b108 t z l V/m

2
Comparing with the general form,

E ^z, t h = aty A cos ^t z h V/m
we get

= 1
2
Since,
= 2 = 1
2
So,
= 2 # # 2

= 8.885765

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QUE 20
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In the circuit shown, the switch SW is thrown from position A to position

B at time t = 0 . The energy (in J ) taken from the 3 V source to charge the
0.1 F capacitor from 0 V to 3 V is
.
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For the given circuit, we have
SOL
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E = 1 CV 2
2

= 1 # .1 # 106 # 3 # 3
2
So,

= 0.45 J
QUE 21
In the circuit shown below, the Zener diode is ideal and the Zener voltage is
6 V. The output voltage V0 (in volts) is_______.
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We have the circuit,
SOL
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Firstly, open zener diode and calculate VA .
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VA = 5 V
So,
VA < VZ
Hence, diode remain open and

VA = 5 V = V0
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QUE 22
Consider a four bit D to A converter. The analog value corresponding to

digital signals of values 0000 and 0001 are 0 V and 0.0625 V respectively. The
analog value (in Volts) corresponding to the digital signal 1111 is______.
SOL
Correct option is 0.9375.

n = number of bit = 4

Analog output = (Decimal equivalent of input) # (Resolution)
0000
"0V
0001
" 0.0625 V = Resolution as decimal equivalent = 1
1111
"?

Analog output = ^Decimal equivalenth # ^Resolutionh

= ^15h^.0625h

= .9375
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QUE 23
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In the circuit shown, at resonance, the amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage (in
Volts) across the capacitor is_______.
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For the quality factor Q , we have the voltage across capacitor and inductor
as

and
VC = QV
VL = QV , 0 = 1
LC
At resonance,
Q = 0 L = 1 L
R
R C

= 10 .1 mH = 10 = 2.5
4 1.0 F
4
Hence, we obtain
SOL
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VC = QV

= 2.5 # 10

= 25 volts
QUE 24
A sinusoidal signal of 2 kHz frequency is applied to a delta modulator. The

sampling rate and step-size T of the delta modulator are 20,000 samples
per second and 0.1 V, respectively. To prevent slope overload, the maximum
amplitude of the sinusoidal signal (in Volts) is
(A) 1 (B) 1
2
(C) 2 (D)
.
a

For preventing slope overload, we should have

(slope of m ^ t h) # (slope of sampling)
For sinusoidal signal, if

Vinput = Am sin ^ m t h

m input = b dV l = Am m
dt max
step size

= TFs
Am m # T =
tr
sampling interval
SOL
i
d
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QUE 25
n
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input
Am 2 ^2 # 103h # 2 # 10 4 # .1

Am # 1
2
Consider a straight, infinitely long, current carrying conductor lying on
the z-axis. Which one of the following plots (in linear scale) qualitatively
represents the dependence of H on r , where H is the magnitude of the
azimuthal component of magnetic field outside the conductor and r is the
radial distance from the conductor ?

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in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d

We know that for a straight, infinitely, long current carrying conductor,

H = 1
r " distance from the current element
2r
So,
H \ 1
r
SOL
o
n
.
w
Q. No. 2655 Carry Two Marks Each.

QUE 26
The input X to the Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) shown in the figure
is 1 with probability 0.8. The cross-over probability is 71 . If the received bit
Y = 0 , the conditional probability that 1 was transmitted is________.
SOL
.
w
.
a
i
d
o
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n
i
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o
c

We have the Binary symmetric channel as shown below.
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Here,
P 6X = 0@ = 0.2

P 6X = 1@ = 0.8
According to Bayes theorem,
in
.
o
c
i
d
P ^ YX == 01 h P ^X = 1h
P b X = 1 l = Y = 0
Y=0
P ^ X = 1 h P ^X = 1h + P ^ YX == 01 h P ^X = 1h
1
^ 7 h^.8h

= 1
= 0.4
6
^ 7 h^.8h + ^ 7 h^.2h
o
n
QUE 27
SOL
.
a
.
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The transmitted signal in a GSM system is of 200 kHz bandwidth and 8

users share a common bandwidth using TDMA. If at a given time 12 users
are talking in a cell, the total bandwidth of the signal received by the base
station of the cell will be at least (in kHz) ________.

Given width of a channel in GSM system

Wchannel = 200 kHz.
Since, 8 users share the channel so, width assigned per unit is

Wuser = 200 = 25 kHz.
8
Now, 12 users are talking in a cell. So, the minimum number of channels in
the cell is obtained as

N channel > 12 # Wuser
Wchannel

N channel > 12 # 25
200
QUE 28
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.
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or
N channel = 2
Hence, the bandwidth of the cell is

Wcell = N channel # Wchannel

= 2 # 200

= 400 kHz.
For the discrete-time system shown in the figure, the poles of the system
transfer function are located at
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(B) 1 , 3
2
(C) 1 , 1 (D) 2, 1
2 3
3
(A) 2, 3

We have the discrete time system as shown in figure below.
SOL
The circuit is minimized as
in
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o
c
.
a
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w
So, we obtain
.
w
H ^ z h =
.
a
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i
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c
6
6
=
1
5
1
1
6
5
z
^
h + z1
6 b1 z l + ^z h
6

= 2 6
6z 5z + 1
Hence, poles are at

z = 1 , 1
2 3

QUE 29
The circuit shown in the figure has an ideal opamp. The oscillation frequency
and the condition to sustain the oscillations, respectively, are
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in
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o
c
(A) 1 and R1 = R2 (B) 1 and R1 = 4R2

CR
CR
(C) 1 and R1 = R2 (D) 1 and R1 = 4R2
2CR
2CR
.
a
i
d

Given op-amp circuit is
SOL
o
n
.
w
V- = Vout b
or
V+
1
j2C
V Vout
V+
= 0
+ +
R 2R + 1
j C
R2
= V+
R1 + R 2 l
.
a
i
d
jw C
V jwC
or V+ c jw2C + 1 +
= out
R 2jwCR + 1 m 2jwCR + 1
jw C
2jwCR + 1
Vout = jw2C + 1 +

c
m
V+
R 1 + 2jwCR mc
jw C
jw2CR ^1 + 2jgwCRh + ^1 + 2jwCRh + jwCR ^2jwCR + 1h

=>
H
jw C
R ^1 + 2jwCR h
^ j h

= 2 ^1 + 2jwCRh +
+3
wCR
We equate imaginary part to zero, i.e.

4wCR - 1 = 0
wCR
o
n
n
i
.
o
c
By virtual ground property, we write
.
w
^2CRh2 = 1
1
(Oscillation frequency)
2CR
The condition to sustain the oscillation is

A = 1

where

A " open loop gain

" feedback gain
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A = Vout = 1 + R1
Vin
R2
V
= +
Vout
1 = Vout
V+
Here,
and

(gain of non-inverting opamp)
At oscillation,
1 ,
2CR
Vout = 1 = 5 = A
V+
A = 1 + R1 = 5
R2
R 1 = 4
R2
=

So,
or
A source emits bit 0 with probability 1/3 and bit 1 with probability 2/3.
The emitted bits are communicated to the receiver. The receiver decides for
either 0 or 1 based on the received value R. It is given that the conditional
density functions of R are as
1, 3 # x # 1
1, 1 # x # 5
and f R/1 (r) = * 6

fR/0 (r) = * 4
0, otherwise
0, otherwise
QUE 30
o
n
SOL
.
w
The minimum decision error probability is
(B) 1
12
(C) 1 (D) 1
9
6
n
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c
(A) 0
.
a

Given the conditional density function of R as
1 3 < r < 1

f R/0 ^r h = * 4
0 otherwise
i
d
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n
1, 1 < r < 5
f R/1 ^r h = * 6
0, otherwise
.
w
Decision error probability that receiver decides 0 for a transmitted bit 1 is

f R/1 ^r = 0h = 1
6
Again, the decision error probability that receiver decides 1 for a transmitted
bit 0 is

f R/0 ^r = 1h = 1
4
Hence, the minimum decision error probability is

f R/1 ^r = 0h = 1
6
For a silicon diode with long P and N regions, the accepter and donor
impurity concentrations are 1 # 1017 cm-3 and 1 # 1015 cm-3 , respectively.
The lifetimes of electrons in P region and holes in N region are both 100
s. The electron and hole diffusion coefficients are 49 cm2/s and 36 cm2/s,
QUE 31
.
a
i
d
R1 = 4R2
Hence,
in
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respectively. Assume kT/q = 26 mV, the intrinsic carrier concentration is
1 # 1010 cm-3 and q = 1.6 # 1019 C. When a forward voltage of 208 mV is
applied across the diode, the hole current density (in nA/cm2) injected from
P region to N regions is _______.
Correct answer is 28.6 ,
Given

Acceptor concentration, NA = 1 # 1017 cm3

Donor concentration, ND = 1 # 1015 cm3
Lifetime, n = p = 100s = 104 sec.
Electron diffusion coefficient, Dn = 49 cm2 /s

Hole diffusion coefficient, D p = 36 cm2 /s
Intrinsic carrier concentration, ni = 1 # 1010 cm3

Applied forward voltage, Va = 208 mV
The hole current density injected from P region to N region is given by
eD p pno

J p =
exp d eva n 1G (1)
Lp =
kT
Now, we obtain the hole concentration in n -region as
2

pno = ni
ND
SOL
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20

= 1 # 1015 = 105 cm3
1 # 10
and
L p = D p p

= 36 # 104

= 6 # 102 cm
Substituting the values in equation (1), we get
^1.6 # 1019h^36h^105h

J p =
exp b 208 l 1E
;
2
26
^6 # 10 h

= 2.86 # 108 A/cm2

= 28.6 nA/cm2
.
a
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For the NMOSFET in the circuit shown, the threshold voltage is Vth , where
Vth > 0 . The source voltage Vss is varied from 0 to VDD . Neglecting the channel
length modulation, the drain current ID as a function Vss is represented by.
QUE 32
.
w
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o
n
.
a
i
d

Given NMOSFET circuit is
SOL
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in
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We have the following conditions

VGS - VTh > 0

VGS - VTh # 0

VDD - VSS - VTh # 0
Since it is in saturation, current ID is given by
^VGS VTh h2
W

ID = n cos b l
2
L
.
a
i
d
o
n
(FET to be ON)
(FET is OFF)
(FET is OFF)
^VDD VSS VTh h

ID = n cos bW l
2
L
Thus, ID -VSS graph shows Parabolic relation for VSS < VDD VTh and zero for
VSS > VDD VTh . Only graph shown in option (A) satisfies this result.
.
w
or
QUE 33
In the system shown in figure (a), m (t) is a low-pass signal with bandwidth
W Hz. The frequency response of the band-pass filter H (f) is shown in figure
(b). If it is desired that the output signal z (t) = 10x (t), the maximum value
of W (in Hz) should be strictly less than _______.
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in
.
o
c

We have the input signal,

x ^ t h = m ^ t h cos ^2400t h

= m ^ t h cos ^t h
and
= 2400 rad . 1200 Hz
So,
y ^ t h = 10x ^ t h + x2 ^ t h

= 10m ^ t h cos ^2400pt h + m2 ^ t h cos2 ^2400pt h
cos ^2wt h + 1

= 10m ^ t h cos ^wt h + m2 ^ t h;
E
2
SOL
.
a
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.
w
m2 ^ t h
m2 ^ t h cos ^2t h

=
+ 10m ^ t h cos ^t h +
2
2
1 444
2 444 3 1 444 2
444 3
S
W, + W
QUE 34
62 2W, 2 + 2W @
n
i
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.
a
i
d
From the frequency plot, we conclude the following results.

Result 1
- W > 700

1200 - W > 700

W < 500
Result 2
+ W < 1700

1200 + W < 1700

W < 500
Result 3
- W > 2W
1200
> 3W

W < 400
Result 4
2 - 2W > 1700

2400 - 1700 > 2W

2W < 700

W < 350
Thus, the above conclusions result in

W < 350
o
n
+ve frequency
Ranges
6 , 2W @
.
w
In the circuit shown, I1 = 80 mA and I2 = 4 mA. Transistors T1 and T2 are
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identical. Assume that the thermal voltage VT is 26 mV at 27C. At 50C,

the value of the voltage V12 = V1 V2 (in mV) is _______.

Given circuit is
SOL
.
a
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Current in the circuit is given by

I2 = 4 mA = Is eV /V
or
I2 = 4 mA = Is eV /V
Again, I1 = 80 mA = Is eV /V

= Is eV /V

= Is eV /V
I1 = eVVV
So,
I2
BE
i
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BE
BE
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.
a
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VT = 26 mV at 27cC or 300 K
So,
VT at ( 50cC ) = 26 mV b 50 + 273 l 27.993 mV
300
Hence, we obtain

V1 - V2 = VT ln 20

= 1 # 27.993 # ln 20
or
V1 - V2 = 83.859
Since,
QUE 35
The electric field intensity of a plane wave traveling in free space is give by
the following expression

E (x, t) = ay 24 cos (t k 0 x) (V/m)
In this field, consider a square area 10 # 10 cm on a plane x + y = 1. The total
time-averaged power (in mW) passing through the square area is _____.
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SOL
Correct answer is 53 to 54.
QUE 36
The maximum area (in square units) of a rectangle whose vertices lie on the
ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 1 is _______.
SOL
Let x and y be the length and breadth of the rectangle as shown in figure
below.
in
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For the given ellipse, we have

x 2 + 4y 2 = 1
or
x2 = 1 4y2 (1)
Area of rectangle is

A = 4xy
Now, we have to determine the point of maxima, so we consider

z = A2 = 16x2 y2
When z will be maximum, A will also be maximum. So we determine point
of maxima for z as

z = 16x2 y2

= 16y2 ^1 4y2h
dz = 0
For maxima,
dy
Again,

.
a
i
d
2y - ^4h^4h y3 = 0
2y ^1 - 8y2h = 0
o
n
.
w
So,
y = ! 1
8
2
d z = 2 16 3 y2
^ h^ h y =
dy2
2 - 16 # 3 # 1 < 0
8
^y ! 0h
1
8
- 4 < 0
Therefore, z is maximum at
Hence,
n
i
.
o
c
2
y = 1 as d z2
dx
8
y= 1
8
<0
1/2
A max = 4xy = 1 b1 4 l = 4 = 1
8
4
8
NOTE
Point of maxima can also be evaluated by directly differentiating
tedious calculation.
QUE 37
A . But is may lead to
In the given circuit, the maximum power (in Watts) that can be transferred
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to the load RL is _______.

We have the circuit,
SOL
in
.
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c
.
a
i
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o
n
Thevenin equivalent of the circuit is obtained as

2 2j
2 2j

Zth = 2 || 2j = # #
2 2j
2 + 2j
8j + 8

= 1+j
=
8
So,
.
w
VTh^rmsh = 4 #
^2 2j h
2j
8j
=
#
2 + 2j
^2 + 2j h ^2 2j h
n
i
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o
c
8j

= ^2 2j h = 2 + 2j
8

= 2 2 45c
i
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n
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w
For maximum power,
RL = ZTh =
.
a
2 2 45c
#
j + 2

= 1.649 W
So,
Pmax = I 2 RL =
QUE 38
A lead compensator network includes a parallel combination of R and C

in the feed-forward path. If the transfer function of the compensator is
Gc (s) = ss ++ 42 , the value of RC is ________.
SOL

Given transfer function is
1
s+1
(1)
Gc ^s h = s + 2 = 1 = 12
s + 4 2 4 s + 1G
For load compensator, RC circuit is shown below.
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in
.
o
c
From the circuit, we have the transfer function

G ^ s h = s + 1
s + 1
= RC
1 = RC
2
where
So,
.
a
i
d
[Comparing with equation (1)]
RC = 0.5 .
Hence,
o
n
QUE 39
A MOSFET in saturation has a drain current of 1 mA for VDS = 0.5 V. If the

channel length modulation coefficient is 0.05 V-1 , the output resistance (in k
) of the MOSFET is ________.
SOL

Given
ID = 1 mA

VDS = 0.5 V

(channel length modulation factor)
= 0.05 V1
Since,
ID = IDsat ^1 + VDS h
dID = I
So,
Dsat ^ h
dVDS
1
Hence,
Rout = 1 =
IDsat
0.05 # 103

= 20 k
.
w
n
i
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c
.
a
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d
QUE 40
The built-in potential of an abrupt p-n junction is 0.75 V. If its junction

capacitance (CJ ) at a reverse bias (VR ) of 1.25 V is 5pF, the value of CJ (in
pF) when VR = 7.25 V is_______.
SOL

Given
Vbi = 0.75 = built in potential
Since
CJ = r
W
er
or
CJ =
2e r ^Vbi + VRh Na + Nd 1/2
)
b Na Nd l3
e
o
n
CJ \
or
So, we may write

Hence,
QUE 41
.
w
5 pF
=
CJ2
1
Vbi + VR
.75 V + 7.25 =
.75 V + 1.25 V
8
2
CJ2 = 2.5 pF .
In the circuit shown, assume that the opamp is ideal. The bridge output
voltage V0 (in mV) for = 0.05 is _______.
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in
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c
Correct answer is 250 .

Given op-amp circuit is redrawn as
SOL
i
d
o
n
.
a
.
w
For ideal op-amp, we have

V1 = 1 V
Since, no current flows towards negative terminal of op-amp. So, we have

I 1 + I 2 = 0
Therefore, we obtain

I1 = I2 = V1
50
1

=
50
This current is equally divided into two branches of the bridge. So, we have

V3 = V2 250 ^1 + h I1
2
and
V4 = V2 250 ^1 h I1
2
Hence, the bridge output voltage is

V0 = V3 V4

= :V2 250 ^1 + d h I1 D :V2 250 ^1 d h I1 D
2
2

= 500 I1
2

= 250 ^0.05hb 1 l
50
.
w
.
a
i
d
o
n
n
i
.
o
c

= 0.25 V

= 250 mV
QUE 42
The damping ratio of a series RLC circuit can be expressed as

2
(A) R C (B) 22L
2L
RC
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(C) R
2
C (D) 2
R
L
L
C

Damping ratio is given by

= 1 (for series RLC circuit)
2Q
where
Q = 0 L = 1 b L l = 1 L
R
R C
LC R
So,
= R C
2 L
In the circuit shown, switch SW is closed at t = 0 . Assuming zero initial
conditions, the value of vc (t) (in Volts) at t = 1 sec is_______.
SOL
QUE 43
in
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a
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For the given circuit, we have
SOL
n
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a
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i
d
Initially, capacitor oppose any voltage change across it and thus will act as
short circuit, so

Vc ^ t h t = 0 = 0
At t = 3,
.
w
After getting fully changed, capacitor will act as open circuit So,

Vc ^ t h t = 3 = 2 # 10 = 4 V
2+3
Therefore,
Vc ^ t h = Vc ^3h 6Vc ^3h Vc ^0 h@et/

= 4 ^1 e h
where
= Req C = R thevein C = ^3112h # 65 = 65 # 56 = 1
Hence,
Vc ^ t h = 4 ^1 et h
t
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At t = 1, Vc ^ t h t = 1 = 2.5284 V
Consider a uniform plane wave with amplitude (E 0 ) of 10 V/m and 1.1 GHz
frequency travelling in air, and incident normally on a dielectric medium
with complex relative permittivity ( r ) and permeability ( r ) as shown in
the figure.
QUE 44
in
.
o
c
.
a
The magnitude of the transmitted electric field component (in V/m) after it
has travelled a distance of 10 cm inside the dielectric region is _______.
i
d
o
n
SOL
Correct answer is 1 .
Electromagnetic wave travels from air medium to dielectric medium. In both
the medium,

= 0
So, electric field of EM wave is defined as

E i = E i0 e z
and
E t = E t 0 e z
Also, we have
E t 0 = 2h 2

h 2 + h1
Ei 0
.
w
2 2 / 2

=
2 / 2 + 1 / 1
For air medium, we have

1 = 0 , e 1 = e 0
and for dielectric medium

2 = r 0 , e 2 = e r e 0
So, we get
.
a
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n
i
.
o
c
Et 0 = 2 r / r
Ei 0
r / r + 1

= 2
1+1

^ r = 1 j 2, r = 1 j 2h

=1
Since, we have

Ei0 = 10 V/m
and
f = 1.1 GHz = 1.1 # 109 Hz.
So, we obtain

Et 0 = E i 0

= 10 V/m
In dielectric medium, phase constant is
2 = r
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r r

= 2 ^1.1 # 109h
3 # 108

= 22 ^1 j 2h2
3

= 22 ^1 j 2h
3
Therefore, the electric field at any distance z from the interface is obtained
as

Et ^z h = Et 0 ej z
in
.
o
c

= 10e 3 ^1 j 2hz
j 22

= 810e 3 zB e 3 z
Hence, the magnitude of electric field at z = 10 cm is
j 22p
44p
.
a
i
d
Et ^z = 0.1 mh = 10e
o
n
44 0.1
3 #
4.4

= 10e 3

= 1 V/m
QUE 45
SOL
.
w
A vector Pv is given by Pv = x3 y2 avz . Which one of the following statements is

TRUE?
(A) Pv is solenoidal, but not irrotational
(B) Pv is irrotational, but not solenoidal
(C) Pv is neither solenoidal nor irrotational

(D) Pv is both solenoidal and irrotational
n
i
.
o
c

Given vector,

Pv = x3 yatx x2 y2 aty x2 yzatz
If divergence d : Pv = 0 , then vector Pv is solenoidal. So, we obtain

2P

d : Pv = 2Px + y + 2Pz
2x
2y
2z
.
a
i
d

= 3x2 y 2x2 y x2 y

=0
Hence, it is solenoidal.
Again, if curl d # Pv = 0 , then Pv is irrotational. So, we obtain
atx
aty
atz
2
2
2
v

d # P = 2x
2y
2z
x3 y x2 y2 x2 yz
o
n
QUE 46
.
w
2^ x2 yz h 2^ x2 y2h
2^ x2 yz h 2^x3 y h
t
t

==
a
a
G x
E
y;
2y
2z
2x
2z
2^ x2 y2h 2^x3 y h

+ az =
G
2x
2y

= atx ^ x2 z 0h aty 6 2xyz 0@ + atz 6 2xy2 x3@

= ^ x2 z h atx + ^2xyz h aty ^2xy2h atz ! 0
Hence, it is not irrotational.
All the logic gates shown in the figure have a propagation delay of 20 ns.
Let A = C = 0 and B = 1 until time t = 0 . At t = 0 , all the inputs flip (i.e.,
A = C = 1 and B = 0 ) and remain in that state. For t > 0 , output Z = 1 for
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a duration (in ns) of

Given logic circuit is
SOL
At t = 0 ,

At t = 3,

So, we obtain the
.
a
i
d
A = C = 0 , B = 1
Z = AB 5 C
Z = 0 5 0
Z = 0
A = C = 1, B = 0
Z = AB 5 C
Z = 1 5 1
Z = 0
output pulses as
o
n
.
w
in
.
o
c
.
w
.
a
i
d
o
n
n
i
.
o
c
Hence, Z = 1 for the duration of 40 ns.

QUE 47
A plant transfer function is given as G (s) = ^KP + Ks h s (s 1+ 2) . When the plant

operates in a unity feedback configuration, the condition for the stability of
the closed loop system is
(A) KP > KI > 0 (B) 2KI > KP > 0
2
I
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(C) 2KI < KP (D) 2KI > KP
Given plant transfer function,
SOL
G ^s h = :KP + KI D; 1 E
s s ^s + 1h
P + KI

= sK
2
s ^s + 1h
So, closed loop transfer function is
sKP + KI
T.F.
= G = 2
1+G
s ^s + 2h + sKP + KI
Therefore, characteristics equation is
s2 ^s + 2h + sKP + KI = s3 + 2s2 + sKP + KI
For stability, we form the Routh array.

in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
1
KP
s3
2
2
KI
s
1 K I - 2K P
s
-2
KI
s0
o
n
.
w
For stability, we must have

KI > 0 and KI - 2KP > 0
-2
(Routh stability criteria)
KI > 0 and KI - 2KP < 0

KI > 0 and KP > KI
2
Hence,
KP > KI > 0
2
n
i
.
o
c
A 3-input majority gate is defined by the logic function M (a, b, c) = ab + bc + ca.

Which one of the following gates is represented by the function
M (M (a, b, c), M (a, b, c ), c) ?
(A) 3-input NAND gate
(B) 3-input XOR gate
(C) 3-input NOR gate
(D) 3-input XNOR gate
QUE 48
i
d
o
n
SOL
.
w
.
a

3 input majority gate is given as

M â, b, c h = ab + bc + ca
We have to obtain M ^M â, b, c h, M â, b, c h, c h

Let P = M â, b, c h = ab + bc + ca

= ab : bc : ca

= â + b h : ^b + c h : ^c + a h

= â b + a c # b + b c h^c + a h

= ^b # a c h^c + a h

= b c+b a+a c+a c

= b c+b a+a c

Q = M â, b, c h = ab + bc + ca
(by DeMorgans Law)
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and
R = C

M ^P, Q, Rh = PQ + QR + RP
So,
= M ^b c + b a + a c, ab + bc + ca, c h

= ^b c + b a + a c hâb + bc + ca h + âb + bc + ca h c

+ c ^b c + b a + a c h

= b ca + abc + abc + b ac
We obtain truth table for the function as
a
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
So, the function is odd number of 1s detector. This function represent the
3-input XOR gate.
QUE 49
SOL
The longitudinal component of the magnetic field inside an air-filled

rectangular waveguide made of a perfect electric conductor is given by the
following expression

Hz (x, y, z, t) = 0.1 cos (25x) cos (30.3y) cos (12 # 109 t z)(A/m)
The cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide are given as a = 0.08 m and
b = 0.033 m. The mode of propagation inside the waveguide is
(A) TM12
(B) TM21
(C) TE21
(D) TE12
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
n
i
.
o
c

We have the expression,

Hz ^x, y, z, t h = 0.1 cos ^25x h cos ^30.3y h cos ^12 # 109 t z h A/m
and the cross sectional dimension is

a = 0.08 m , b = 0.033 m
Now, we compare the equation for TEm, n mode whose Hz is given as
n y

Hz ^x, y, z, t h = H 0 cos a mx k cos a
cos t z h A/m
a
b k ^
mx = 25x
So,
a
or
and
m = 2
ny
= 30.3y
b
or
n = 1
Hence, given mode is TE21 mode.
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The open-loop transfer function of a plant in a unity feedback configuration
is given as G (s) = (s +K8()(s +s 4) 9) . The value of the gain K (> 0) for which 1 + j2
lies on the root locus is _______.
QUE 50

Given open loop transfer function,
K ^s + 4h

G ^ s h =
"
^s + 8h^s2 9h
and
K > 0
SOL
in
.
o
c
If the point ^ 1 + j2h lies on the locus, then by the magnitude criteria

G ^s h H ^s h s = 1 + j2 = 1
or
.
w
Hence,
i
d
o
n
or
QUE 51
.
a
K ^ 1 + j2 + 4h
= 1
^ 1 + j2 + 8h^ 1 + j2 + 3h^ 1 + j2 3h
K ^3 + 2j h
= 1
^7 + j2h^2 + 2j h^ 4 + j2h
K 13
= 1
53 8 20
or
K = 25.5403
Two sequences [a , b, c ] and [A, B , C ] are related as.

RAV R1 1
1 VW RSa VW
S W S
2

SBW = S1 W 31 W 32W Sb W where W3 = e j 3
SSC WW SS1 W 2 W 4WW SSc WW
3
3
T X T
XT X
If another sequence [p, q , r ] is derived as,
RpV R1 1 1 V R1 0 0 V RA/3V
S W S
W
WS
WS

Sq W = S1 W 31 W 32W S0 W 32 0 W SB/3W
SSr WW SS1 W 2 W 4WW SS0 0 W 4WW SSC/3WW
3
3
3
X
T X T
XT
XT
then the relationship between the sequences [p, q , r ] and [a , b, c ] is
(A) [p, q , r ] = [b, a , c ]
(B) [p, q , r ] = [b, c , a ]
(C) [p, q , r ] = [c , a , b]
(D) [p, q , r ] = [c , b, a ]
SOL
.
w
.
a
i
d
o
n
n
i
.
o
c

Given relation is
RAV R1
1
1VW RSa VW
S W S

SBW = S1 W 31 W 32W Sb W
SSC WW SS1 W 2 W 4WW SSc WW
3
3
TSX T1 444 2 444 3X TSX
P
D
Q
Comparing it with the DFT concept of taking fourier transform by matrix

form. We may calculate that here we are taking the 3 order DFT of 6a b c@T
whose transformed output is 6A B C @T . So,
P = DQ (DFT)
or
Q = D1 P = 1 D * P & IDFT
3
R
V
Ra V
1
1W RSAWV
S W 1 S1
or
Q = Sb W = S1 ^W 31h* ^W 32h*W SBW (1)
SSc WW 3 SS1 ^W 2h* ^W 4h*WW SSC WW
3
3
T X
T
XT X
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Again, we have
RpV
R
S W 1 S1
Sq W = S1
SSr WW 3 SS1
TR XV
RT
SpW 1 S1
Sq W = S1
SSr WW 3 SS1
T X
T
j 2
W3 = e 3
1 1 VWRS1 0 0 VWRSAVW

W 31 W 32WS0 W 32 0 WSBW
W 32 W 34WWSS0 0 W 34WWSSC WW

XVT
XT X
W 32 W 34WRSAVW

W 33 W 36WSBW (2)
W
W 34 W 38WSSC WW
XT X
1 + j 3
So,
= cos ^120ch + j sin ^120ch =
2
Again, we consider the equation (1),
Ra V
R
1
1 VWRSAVW
S W 1 S1

Sb W = S1 ^W 31h* ^W 32h*WSBW
SSc WW 3 SS1 W 2 * W 4 WWSSC WW
^ 3 h ^ 3 h
RT
VR V XT X
RTa VX
S W 1 S1 12 14WSAW
or
Sb W = S1 w w WSBW
SSc WW 3 SS1 w4 w 6WWSSC WW
3
TR XV
RT
VXRT VX
a
1
1
1
S
WSAW
S W 1
or
Sb W = S1 w w1WSBW
SSc WW 3 SS1 w1 w WWSSC WW
T X
T cube roots
XT Xof unity is given as
Since, the relation between
.
a
i
d
o
n
in
.
o
c
.
w
1 + w + w2 = 0 ; w3 = 1
2
1
1

w = w ; w = w
w = w2 ; w 2 = w
So, we solve the matrix equation as
R
VR V
Ra V
S W 1 S1 1 11WSAW

Sb W = S1 w w WSBW
SSc WW 3 SS1 w1 w WWSSC WW
T X
T X
T
Again, we consider the equation
(2),X
R
V
RpV
1
w WRSAVW
S W 1 S1 w

Sq W = S1 1 1 WSBW
SSr WW 3 SS1 w w1WWSSC WW
X apply
T elementary
XT X row operation as
In above equation,T we

R1 * R 2
R
VR V
RpV
1
1
1
S
WSAW
S W 1
1

Sq W = S1 w w WSBW
SSr WW 3 SS1 w w1WWSSC WW
T X
T
XT X
Again,
R 2 * R 3
R
VR V
RpV
S W 1 S1 1 11WSAW

Sq W = S1 w w WSBW
SSr WW 3 SS1 w1 w WWSSC WW
T X
T
XT X
Hence, we can conclude that

8p q r B = 8c a bB
or
.
a
i
d
o
n
n
i
.
o
c
.
w
8q r pB = 8a b cB
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QUE 52
The solution of the

y (0) = yl (0) = 1 is
(A) (2 - t) et
(B) (1 + 2t) et
(C) (2 + t) et
(D) (1 - 2t) et
differential
SOL

We have the differential equation,
d 2y
dy

2 + 2 dt + y = 0
dt
equation
d2 y
dy
2 + 2 dt + y = 0
dt
with
in
.
o
c
.
a
and
y ^0 h = yl^0 h = 1
Given equation is linear constant coefficient differential equation. Let
d = D

dt
i
d
o
n
So,
D2 + 2D + 1 = 0
or
^D + 1h2 = 0
or
D = 1, - 1
Therefore,
y ^ t h = ^C1 + C2 t h et
For t = 0 ,
y ^ 0 h = 1 = C 1
Again,
yl^ t h = C2 et + ^C1 + C2 t h^ et h
For t = 0 ,
yl^0 h = 1 = C2 C 2
or
C 2 = 1 + C 1 = 2
Hence,
y ^ t h = ^1 + 2t h et
.
w
.
w
.
a
i
d
o
n
SOL
n
i
.
o
c
The pole-zero diagram of a causal and stable discrete-time system is shown

in the figure. The zero at the origin has multiplicity 4. The impulse response
of the system is h [n]. If h [0] = 1, we can conclude
QUE 53
(A) h [n]
(B) h [n]
(C) h [n]
(D) h [n]
is
is
is
is
real for all n

purely imaginary for all n
real for only even n
purely imaginary for only odd n

Given pole-zero diagram of causal and discrete time system,
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QUE 54
in
.
o
c
From the pole-zero plot, we obtain the transfer function as

Kz 4

H ^ z h =
^z 0.5 + j 0.5h^z 0.5 j 0.5h^z + 0.5 + j 0.5h^z + 0.5 j 0.5h
Kz 4

=
8^z 0.5h2 j 2 ^0.5h2B8^z + 0.5h2 j 2 ^0.5h2B
Kz 4

= 2
^z z + 0.5h^z2 + z + 0.5h
4

= 2 Kz 2
^z + 0.5h z2
4

= 4 Kz 2
z + ^0.5h

= K 4
1+z
4
.
a
i
d
o
n
EC-1
.
w
n
i
.
o
c
Its inverse z -transform will be a real function. Thus, h 6n@ is real for all n .
Which one of the following graphs describes the function f (x) = ex (x2 + x + 1) ?
i
d
o
n
.
w
.
a
SOL

f ^x h = ex ^x2 + x + 1h

f l^x h = ex ^x2 + x + 1h + ex ^2x + 1h

= ex 6 x2 x 1 + 2x + 1@

= ex 6 x2 + x @

= êx h^x h^1 x h
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f l^x h = 0 , x = 0 , 1
This condition is satisfied by the graph shown in option (B).
QUE 55
The Boolean expression F (X, Y, Z) = XYZ + XY Z + XYZ + XYZ converted

into the canonical product of sum (POS) form is
(A) (X + Y + Z)(X + Y + Z ) (X + Y + Z ) (X + Y + Z )
(B) (X + Y + Z)(X + Y + Z ) (X + Y + Z) (X + Y + Z )
(C) (X + Y + Z)(X + Y + Z ) (X + Y + Z) (X + Y + Z )
(D) (X + Y + Z ) (X + Y + Z)(X + Y + Z) (X + Y + Z)
SOL

We have the SOP Boolean form,

F ^x, y, z h = xyz + xy z + xyz + xyz
in
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
So,
F = m ^2, 4, 6, 7h
n
i
.
o
c
.
a
i
d
Hence, in POS form, we have

F = ^x + y + z h^x + y + z h^x + y + z h^x + y + z h

= m ^0, 1, 3, 5h
o
n
.
w

**********
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Correct option is (C).

If log x ^ 75 h = 13 , then the value of x is

(A) 343 (B)

Correct option is (A).

Correct option is (C).

Correct option is (B).

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Q. No. 610 Carry Two Marks Each.

Correct option is (C).

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Hence, the unknown number is given by

Correct option is (B).

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(C) has the rank of one of the leading causes of death

Correct option is (A).

Read the following paragraph and choose the correct statement.

Correct option is (B).

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Correct option is (A).

A silicon sample is uniformly doped with donor type impurities with a

Correct answer is 0.5208 .

Correct answer is 12.

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(for negative feedback)

Row of s1 to be zero for oscillatory response or for poles to be on imaginary

Suppose A and B are two independent events with probabilities P (A) ! 0

Correct option is (C).

B are independent, therefore A and B will also be independent.

The waveform of a periodic signal x (t) is shown in the figure.

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A signal g (t) is defined by g (t) = x ^ t 2 1 h. The average power of g (t) is_____.

Now, average power is given by

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Correct answer is 100.

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For infinitely many solution, we must have

The polar plot of the transfer function G (s) =

for # < 3 will be in

Correct option is (A).

Let z = x + iy be a complex variable. Consider that contour integration is

(D) z (complex conjugate of z ) is an analytical function

Correct option is (D).

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(By cauchys integral theorem; z2 is analytical in the given contour.)