Voyager: To Saturn

VOYAGER
TO SATURN
(NASA-CR-197883)
SATURN,
VOLUME
VOYAGER
(JPL)
TO
97
p
N95-70924
Unclas
Z9/91
0043480
N/_A
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HQ #
JPL #
80-HC_37
80-H-846
P-23093
S-1-33
Saturn's
Moon Rhea
80-HC-638
80-H-847
P-23097
S-1-37
Saturn's
Surface
80-HC-639
80-H-848
P-23100
S-1-40
Saturn's
Surface
80-H-849
P-23103
S-143
Saturn's
Moon Mimas
80-H-850
P-23102
S-142
Saturn's
Moon Rhea
80-H-851
P-23101
S-1-41
Saturn's
Moon Dione
80-H-852
P-23104
S-1-44
Saturn's
l lth Moon
80-H-853
P-23105
S-145
Saturn's
Moon Iapetus
80-H-854
P-23109
S-1-47
Saturn's
Ring System
80-H-855
P-23110
S-1-48
Crescent
of Saturn,
80-HC-640
80-H-856
260-989
S-1-50
Saturn's
Moon Dione
80-HC-641
80-H-857
P-23108
S-1-46
Titan's
80-HC-642
80-H-858
P-23113
S-1-49
Saturn's
Moon Dione
80-H-862
P-23210
Saturn's
Moon Mimas
80-H-863
P-23211
S-1451
Saturn's
Soulh Polar Region
Description
thick
its Rings and their
haze layer
shadows
Table of Contents
HQ#
(continued)
Description
JPL #
80-HC-645
80-H-864
P.23207
$-1-57
Saturn's
Ring System
80-HC-646
80-H-865
P-23208
S-1-58
Saturn's
Moon Rhea
80-HC-647
80-H-866
P-23209
S-1-59
Montage
of the Saturnian
80-HC-648
80-H-867
P-23111
$-1-56
Underside
80-HC-670
80-H-886
P-23254
Saturn
four days after flyby
80-HC-671
80-H-887
P-23254
$-1-51
Saturn
and its Moon Dione
80-HC-672
80-H-888
P-23112
$-1-52
Saturn's
Moon Mimas
80-HC-673
80-H.889
P-23107
$-1-55
Layers
of haze covering
80-HC-674
80-H-890
P-23178
$-1-54
Computer-enhanced
and their shadows
80-H-902
P-23262
S-1.63
Saturn's
81-HC-17
81-H-19
P-23346
$-1-70
Saturn
81-HC-19
81-H-21
P-23265
$-1-67
Saturn's
Moon Mimas
Saturn's
Moon Rhea
81-HC-20
81-H-22
of Saturn's
D-Ring
and its Rings
81-HC-21
81-H-23
1'-23267
S-1-67
Saturn's
Moon Mimas
81-HC-22
81-H-24
P-23266
S-1-66
Saturn's
Moon Tethys
System
Rings
Saturn's
image
Moon Titan
of Saturn,
its
Rings
oyager
Table of Contents
(continued)
HQ #
JPL#
81-HC-23
81-H-25
P-23269
S-1-69
Saturn's
Moon Dione
81-HC-130
81-H-101
P-23350
S-1-74
Saturn's
South
81-H-102
P-23351
S-1-75
Saturn's
Co-orbital
81-H-103
P-23352
S-1-76
Saturn's
F-Ring
81-H-104
P-23353
S-1-77
Rings and Limb of Saturn
81-H-105
P-23354
S-1-78
Saturn's Ring System
81-H-106
I'-23355
S-1-79
Saturn's
Moon Rhea
81-HC-131
81-H-107
I'-23356
S-1-80
Saturn's
Moon Rhea
81-HC-132
80-H-108
I'-23357
S-1-81
Saturn's
Co-orbital
81-HC-133
81-H-109
1'-23400
S-1-82
Saturnian
$26_)-1_74
Saturn's
81-H-197
_6_-_1_49
Mosaic
81-H-198
260-I135A
S-I-83
Saturn's
81-H-199
260-I176A
S-I-87
Spoke
260-I137A
Saturn's
81-H-196
81-H-200
Descdption
S-I-84
81-H-204
P-23547
S-I-88
Saturn
Polar latitudes
Moon S-1
Moon S-3
montage
F-Ring
of
Saturn's
Rings
F-Ring
_ke Features
Satellite
of
Saturn's
Iapetus
Rings
ager
A color
images
the
portrait
taken
of Saturn's
November
spacecraft
to the
moon
Rhea
11 through
moon
was reconstructed
violet,
was about
1.7 million
giving a resolution
of about 30 kilometers
has been exaggerated
somewhat
to bring
brighter
streaks
and
darker
blue,
background
# 80-HC-637
80-H-846
JPL
# P-23093
S-1-33
from
and orange
kilometers
HQ
three
filters.
(one
Voyager
Range
million
from
miles),
(20 miles) on Rhea's surface. The color

out subtle color differences
between the
(which
is still about
50% reflective).
This
hemisphere
is centered
on longitude
267 W, that which trails Rhea in its orbit, and
shows many wispy light markings
on Rhca's surface. These markings are identical
neither
to simple ray crater
markings
nor to the grooved
terrain
on Ganymede
in the
Jovian system. Higher resolution

pictures taken late on November 12 will show some
of these markings near the terminator
and should help resolve the question of their
nature.
The
Voyager
project
is managed
by
the
Jet
Propulsion
Laboratory
NASA.
This photograph
is a government publication-not
subject to copyright.
It may not be used to state or imply the endorsement by NASA or by
any NASA employee of a commercial product, process, or service, or be
used in any other manner that might mislead. Accordingly,
it is requested
that if this photograph
is used in advertising
or other commercial
promotion,
layout and copy be submitted
to NASA
prior to release.
for
HQ
# 80-HC-638
80-H-847
JPL # P-23097
S-1-37
A view of Saturn's
wave structure
clouds
in the south
extending
from 40 to 60 N latitude
with small convective
the north. This image was obtained

distance
of 3,500,000
kilometers
on November
(2,200,000
features
marking
shows a ribbon-like
a westward
jet in
10, 1980 when Voyager 1 was at a

miles)from
Saturn.
The smallest
resolved features in this photograph

are 65 kilometers
(40 miles) in diameter. Images
with similar resolution indicate that Saturn's circulation is somewhat
different from
Jupiter's.
The maximum
westward
velocities
seen on Saturn
are located
in the
middle of the darker regions, while on Jupiter they are located at the poleward
interface
between
belts and zones. The Voyager project
is managed
by the Jet
Propulsion
Laboratory
for NASA.
This photograph is a government publication-not

it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
to NASA prior to release.
This enhanced
Voyager
1 image
of Saturn
was taken
November
HQ
# 80-HC-639
81YH-848
JPL
# P-23100
S-1-40
10, 1980 when
the
spacecraft
was 3 million kilometers
(2 million miles) from the planet. The smallest
features seen are 60 kilometers
(36 miles). Enhancement
has brought out contrast of
features
in the
north
polar
region
of Saturn.
The
chevron-type
pattern
of white
features in the upper

ment of the location
portion of the image reflects the local cloud motion. Measureof individual features at different times provides information
needed
the wind speed at various locations
to determine
project
is
California.
managed
for
NASA
by
the
Jet
on the planet.
Propulsion
The Voyager
Laboratory,
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
to NASA
prior to release.
Pasadena,
HQ
# 80-H-849
JPL # P-23103
S-1-43
This image of Saturn's

November
12, 1980 and
moon
shows
Mimas was taken by NASA's

Voyager
the heavily and uniformly
cratered surface
satellite.
The photograph,
taken at a range of 208,000
kilometers
(129,000
shows features
as small as about five kilometers
(three miles). Topography
seen along the terminator
crater
density
decrease
where
toward
it is enhanced
1 on
of the
miles),
is best
by the low sun angle. The apparent
the top of the picture
is not real and results
from
change in sun angle. A long, narrow trough about five kilometers

(three miles) across
is seen to cross from left to the center of the image where it terminates.
A second
trough
branch
originates
near the center and extends to the
into a series of smaller troughs. The Voyager
by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
right limb, where it appears to

project is managed for NASA
California.
This photograph
It may not be used to state or imply the endorsement
by NASA or by
used in any other manner that might mideed. Accordingly,
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
:5
cO
C
I
C
S8
D
c
0
{I}
0
ZOO
HQ
# 80-H-850
JPL # P-23102
S-1-42
Multiple
impact
this picture
meters
craters
taken
(45,000
are seen
by Voyager
miles).
explosive
impacts.
formation
Crater
1 on November
The craters
Moon. Many of the craters

the
diameters
on the ancient
closely
have central
are
of Saturn's
12, 1980
at a range
resemble
peaks formed
of the crater.
seen
surface
The
craters
as large
as
those
moon
Rhea in
of 73,000
on Mercury
kilo-
and Earth's
by rebound
of the floor during
are old and
degraded
approximately
75
by later
kilometers
(45 miles). Many have sharp rims and appear relatively fresh while others are very
shallow and have subdued rims, indicative of their antiquity.
The Voyager project is
managed
for NASA by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
is a government publication--not
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
d
_a
j-__
"0
c
o_
oyager
HQ
# 80-H-851
JPL # P-23101
S-1-41
Many large impact
craters
are seen in this view of the Saturnian
by NASA's Voyager
1 on November
12,
kilometers
(149,000
miles). Bright radiating
thrown
out
valleys.
Also visible are irregular
impacts.
of impact
The center
hemisphere.
Laboratory,
The
craters;
other
bright
areas
Voyager
may
valleys that represent
of the frame is at 26 degrees
Pasadena,
project
moon
Dione
taken
1980 from a range of about 240,000

patterns
probably represent debris rays
is managed
old fault troughs
south
for
be topographic
latitude
NASA
by
ridges
and
degraded
by
on the Saturn-facing
the
Jet
Propulsion
California.
This photograph
it is requested
that
if this photograph
or other commercial
promotion,
to NASA
prior to release.
d
_a
r_
BR
HQ
# 80-H-852
JPL # P-23104
S-1-44
These Voyager
1 images
were taken on November
and
show
the
south
of Saturn's eleventh
moon, a trailing co-orbital
satellite,
12, 1980 at a range of 177,000 kilometers
(110,000
miles)
polar
region
of the
body.
The pockmarked
moon
is approxi-
mately 135 by 70 kilometers

(83 by 43 miles). Comparison
of the two images, taken
13 minutes apart, reveals a narrow shadow moving across its face. The shadow is
probably
cast by
from the satellite.
Laboratory,
a small, narrow ring

The Voyager project
Pasadena,
of Saturn a few thousand

kilometers
away
is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion
California.
This photograph
is a government
publication--not
by NASA or by
any NASA employee of a commercial product,
process, or service, or be
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
layout
and copy be submitted
to NASA
prior
to release.
_j
_DC
t_o
oyager
HQ
# 80-H-853
JPL # P-23105
S-1-45
A large circular
feature
about
200 kilometers
(120
miles) across with a dark spot in
its center is visible in this photograph

of Saturn's satellite Iapetus taken November 12, 1980 from a distance
of 3.2 million kilometers
(1.9 million miles). The
satellite's
about
probably
leading
four
hemisphere
to five times
a large impact
the impact.
Laboratory,
is to the left,
brighter,
and the
trailing
hemisphere,
is to the right. The large circular
structure
outlined
The Voyager
project
Pasadena, California.
by dark material,
is managed
for
NASA
feature
thrown
by
Jet Propulsion
the
layout
and
copy
be submitted
to
NASA
prior
to release.
is
is most
possibly

it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
which
out by
_5
;d
_o
_._
0
c
c_
o r--
Q
ZOO
HQ
# 80-H-854
JPL # P-23109
S-1-47
Eight
took
seen:
hours
after
from
Division,
the
the
this picture
out
top
B-ring,
30
degrees
many
and
of
down
the
on November
Major
(dark
kilometers
the ring plane.

of bright
and
dark
12, 1980,
features
is the bright
C-ring
720,000
above
hundreds
to Saturn
ring system.
of the image
at a distance
the
approach
of the planet's
broad
approximately
brings
its closest
this picture
F-ring,
gray
the A-ring,
area).
(446,000
The
unique
ringlets
Voyager
of the rings are clearly

The
miles)
lighting
that
the Cassini
spacecraft
from
took
an angle
in this view
make up this very
thin, phonograph
record-like ring system. The dark spokelike features seen in images
taken during approach
to Saturn now appear as bright streaks, indicating
that they
possess a strong forward-scattering
property.
The Voyager
project
Laboratory,
is managed
This photographis a governmentpublication--notsubjectto copyright.

It may not be usedto state or imply the endorsementby NASA or by
any NASA employeeof a commercialproduct, process,or service,or be
usedin any othermannerthat mightmislead. Accordingly,it isrequested
that if this photograph is used in advertisingor other commercial
promotion, layout and copy be submitted to NASA prior to release.
oyager
The
crescent
of
Voyager
1 image
(930,000
miles)
of Saturn
Saturn,
taken
the
planet's
November
as the spacecraft
is clearly
visible
rings
13, 1980
and
their
# 80-H-855
]PL
# P-23110
S-148
shadows
at a distance
began to leave the Saturn
through
HQ
the A-, B-, and C-tings.
are
of 1,500,000
system.
seen
kilometers
The bright
The dark band
through the crescent is the shadow of the rings. This image was overexposed
out detail in the rings, so the crescent
appears artificially
brighter.
The
project
is managed
California.
for
NASA
by
the
Jet
Propulsion
in this
Laboratory,
limb
cutting
to bring
Voyager
Pasadena,
This photographis a governmentpublication--not subjectto copyright.

usedin anyothermannerthat mightmislead.Accordingly,it isrequested
that if this photograph is used in advertising or other commercial
c_
_O
_d
__o
_i!i!
D
C
c_3
c_
_
7
r'5
CO
i ' <'!!i!i!ii
ager
Saturn's
above
satellite
the
November
(left)
clouds
Dione
of Saturn
11, 1980.
and the leading
contains
relatively
hemisphere
November
The cause
is seen
The
in this
difference
hemisphere
dark
in
material
transit
377,000
Voyager
# 80.HC-640
80-H-856
JPL
# 260-989
S-1-50
kilometers
1 picture
in character
HQ
made
between
of the moon
is apparent.
criss-crossed
by wispy
the
(234,000
from
miles)
images
taken
trailing
hemisphere
The trailing
hemisphere
light
streaks.
The leading
(seen most clearly

during
Voyager's
closest approach
to Dione on
12, 1980) shows a relatively uniform surface with many impact craters.
of the difference
between
the two sides of Dione will be one of the
subjects
of continuing
managed
study
for the Voyager
imaging
Laboratory,
team.
The Voyager
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
is a government
publication-not
by NASA or by
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
layout end copy be submitted
project
is
Titan's
thick
November
haze
12, 1980
layer
is
shown
at a distance
enhanced
Voyager
1 image
kilometers
(270,000
miles).
denser
than
Earth's.
Propulsion
Laboratory,
completely
far denser
The Voyager
project
than
is managed
enveloped
taken
Voyager
with a darker
"hood"
or cloud layer over the north pole. At Voyager's
approach
to Titan on November 11, 1980, spacecraft instruments
found that
atmosphere,
Titan
# P-23108
S-1-46
of Saturn's
has a substantial
show
JPL
merges
closest
moon
moon
this
# 80-HC-641
80-H-857
images
the
largest
in
of 435,000
HQ
that
for
by haze
that
of Mars and possibly

NASA
by

It may not be used to state or imply the endorsementby NASA or by
usedin anyother mannerthat mightmislead.Accordingly,it is requested
that if this photograph is used in advertising or other oommercial
the
Jet
ager
HQ
# 80-HC4J42
80-H-858
JPL # P-23113
S-149
Many impact
Voyager
100
kilometers
Bright
rays
probably
taken
craters-the
1 color
(62
represent
formed
from
record of the collision
mosaic
miles)
The Voyager
project
moon
in diameter
material
by faults
a range
of Saturn's
ejected
break
of 162,000
and shows
from
the moon's
kilometers
is managed
for
of cosmic
Dione.
other
NASA
by
the
craters.
Images
miles)
Jet
shown in the
crater
a well-developed
impact
icy crust.
(100,600
debris-are
The largest
is less than
central
Sinuous
in this mosaic
on November
Propulsion
peak.
valleys
were
12, 1980.
Laboratory,
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
HQ
# 80-H-862
JPL # P-23210
The
eratered
Voyager
miles).
surface
1 on
Impact
more
than
peak.
The
of
November
craters
Saturn's
moon
Mimas
12, 1980
from
a range
made
by the infaU of cosmic
100 kilometers
(62 miles) in diameter
smaller
are
craters
surface.
The Voyager
project
Laboratory,
abundant
and
is managed
is seen
of 425,000
debris
by
taken
kilometers
the
(264,000
age for
Jet
by
the largest
a prominent
an ancient
NASA
image
are shown;
and displays
indicate
for
in this
central
Mimas
Propulsion

it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
is
_o
t3-,
c_
z_
o_-
oyager
HQ
# 80-H-863
JPL
# P-23211
$1-61
Numerous
small
cloud
features
are shown
Saturn's south polar

large-scale light and
region and mid-southern

dark bands break down
waves
After
Voyager
and
eddies.
1 proceeded
south
crossing
toward
in this Voyager
Saturn's
a closest
1 wide-angle
is managed
of
latitudes.
At these polar latitudes the
into small-scale features, seen here as
ring
plane
Saturn
during
approach
hemisphere,
5 1/2 hours after taking this photograph.
This image
distance
of 442,000
kilometers
(265,000
miles) on November
Voyager project
California.
image
its
over
Titan
the
flyby,
southern
was taken from a

12, 1980. The
Laboratory,

it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
Pasadena,
_.._c
-|
c:
_<_
60_
,._
(_
<'O
CL
Zr,.o
oyager
HQ
# 80-HC-645
80-H-864
JPL # P-23207
S-1-57
This view of Saturn's

the
rings when
on November
and
material
are bright
rings shows
view from
the reversal
the unilluminated
12, 1980 at a range of 717,000

in the
while
Cassini Division
of brightness
side-a
kilometers
(nearly
white
the B-ring is now dark (shown
project
is managed
California.
for
NASA
by
the
Jet
of the major
perspective
(444,000
features
in
seen by Voyager
miles).
in this exaggerated
here as reddish-brown).
Propulsion
The C-ring
color
image)
The Voyager
Laboratory,
This photograph is a government publication--not

it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
Pasadena,
oyager
HQ
# 80-HC-646
80-H-865
JPL # P-23208
S-1-58
NASA's
Voyager
spacecraft's
range
1 took
closest
of 128,000
this high resolution
approach
kilometers
to the Saturnian
(79,500
miles).
color
moon
The
image
of Rhea just before
on November
area shown
the
12, 1980 from a
is one
of the
most
heavily cratered on Rhea, and indicates an ancient surface dating back to the period
immediately
following the formation
of the planet 4.5 billion years ago. The photograph shows surface features
about
a view of Earth's
Moon through
deficient
change
White
2.5 kilometers
(1.5 miles) in diameter, similar to
a telescope.
Other areas of Rhea's surface are
in the very large (100 kilometers

in the nature
areas
on
probably
fresh
from fractured
Propulsion
the
or 62 miles or larger)
of the impacting
bodies
and an early period
edges
of the
craters
of several
craters,
in the upper
indicating
of surface
right
activity.
comer
are
ice exposed on steep slopes or possibly deposited

by volatiles leaking
regions. The Voyager project
is managed
for NASA by the Jet
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
is a government
publication-not
any NASA employee of a commercial
product, process, or service, or be
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
to NASA
prior to release.
This montage
of images
November
Laboratory,
of images
of the Saturnian
system
taken
by the Voyager
1 spacecraft
1980. The Voyager project is managed
Pasadena,
was prepared
HQ
# 80-HC647
80-H-866
JPL
# P-23209
S-1-59
from
an assemblage
during its Saturn encounter

in
California.
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
layout
and
copy
be submitted
to
NASA
prior
to release.
HQ
# 80-HG-648
80-H-867
JPL # P-23111
S-I-56
The underside
November
northern
Saturn.
of Saturn's
12,
rings is shown
about
to the southern
eight
in this photograph
hours
after
face, appears
face.
a result of efforts
now
For example,
dark when
before
enhance
it acquired
Laboratory
(The magenta
this region).
feature
in the
crossed
closest
the
approach
to
of the
region of the sunlit

color is an artifact,
Yet, the normally

rings. Voyager
this photograph.
for NASA.
1 on
from
from the appearance
the B-ring, which is the brightest
as the brightest
kilometers
from Saturn when
managed by the Jet Propulsion
taken by Voyager
spacecraft
different
seen from the ring plane.
to computer
shows
the
side of the rings, and ten hours
This view of the rings is dramatically
rings' sunlit
Division
1980,
dark Cassini
1 was 740,000
The Voyager

it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
project
is
oyager
HQ
# 80-HC-670
80-H-886
JPL # P-23254
Voyager
1 looked
back
at Saturn
craft flew past the planet,

unique
perspective.
on November
to observe
A few
of the
16, 1980, four days after the space-
the appearance
spokelike
of Saturn
ring features
and its rings from

discovered
this
by Voyager
appear in the rings as bright patches in this image, taken at a distance of 5.3 million
kilometers
(3.3 million miles) from the planet. Saturn's shadow falls upon the rings,
and
the bright
rings.
From
ecliptic
Saturn
Saturn,
plane,
crescent
Voyager
away from
is seen
through
all but
1 is on a trajectory
the Sun and eventually
the
taking
densest
portion
the spacecraft
out of the solar system
of the
out of the
(by about
1990).
Although
its mission
to Jupiter
and Saturn is nearly over (the Saturn
encounter
ends December
18, 1980), Voyager 1 will be tracked by the Deep Space
Network
as far as possible
in an effort
to .determine
where
the influence
of the Sun
ends and interstellar

space begins. Voyager l's flight path through interstellar
space
is in the direction
of the constellation
Ophiuchus.
Voyager 2 will reach Saturn on
August
in
25, 1981, and is targeted
1989.
Laboratory,
The
Voyager
Pasadena,
project
to encounter
is managed
Uranus
for
in 1986 and possibly

NASA
by
the
Jet
Neptune
Propulsion
California.
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
oyager
HQ
# 80-HC-671
80-H-887
JPL # P-23254
S-1-51
Low-level
contrast
between
Voyager
1 composite
1,750,000
kilometers
Dione
(center,
Voyager
for
meters
increase
photograph
(1,087,000
is seen near the bottom
hemisphere
60
features
several
per
rapidly.
Laboratory,
left)
taken
miles).
Saturn's
weeks.
the
bright
Wind
(90
miles
The
Voyager
speeds
per
project
cloud
November
The
small
of the photograph.
and
second
Pasadena,
in
hour),
oval
deck
11,
black
it have
in this latitudinal
so distances
is managed
1980
in this
at a distance
shadow
The brown
below
is shown
of the
of
satellite
spot in the northern

been
area
between
observed
are
by
as high
these
California.
This photograph
by NASA or by
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
as
features
The surface
the
of Saturn's
bombardment
some 4 billion
satellite
Mimas is shown
that occurred
years
throughout
ago. This Voyager
the
to be heavily
solar system
1 photograph,
HQ
# 80-HC-672
80-H-888
JPL
# P-23112
S-1-52
eratered-a
record of
in its early
taken on November
history
12, 1980
from a range of 129,000 kilometers

(80,000 miles) shows craters as small as two
kilometers
(one mile) across. The moon is approximately
385 kilometers
(240 miles)
in diameter.
Laboratory,
The
Voyager
Pasadena,
project
is managed
for
NASA
by
the
Jet
Propulsion
California.

it is requested
that
if this photograph
or other commercial
promotion,
ager
Layers
of haze
covering
Saturn's
satellite
Titan
HQ
# 80-HC-673
80-H-889
JPL
# P-23107
S-1-55
are seen in this image
taken
by
Voyager 1 on November
12, 1980 at a range of 22,000 kilometers
(13,700 miles).
The colors are false and are used to show details of the haze that covers Titan. The
upper
level of the thick aerosol above the satellite's
limb appears orange.
divisions in the haze occur at altitudes of 200, 375, and 500 kilometers
(124,
and
310 miles)
above
the
NASA by the Jet Propulsion
limb
of the moon.
Laboratory,
The Voyager
Pasadena,
project
is managed
California.
This photograph
It may not be used to state or Imply the endorsement by NASA or by
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
The
233,
for
This computer-enhanced
the lighted
crescent
image
of Saturn
of the planet.
Voyager
shows
the
1 took
rings
is clearly visible
rings, causing
region of the
than
the outer
through
the
# 80-HC-674
80-H-890
JPL
# P-23178
S-1-54
and
the picture
1980 after the spacecraft

had passed by the planet
a distance
of 1,500,000
kilometers
(930,000
miles).
HQ
their
shadows
on November
on
13,
and was looking back from

The bright limb of Saturn
rings. This image was exposed
to bring out detail
in the
the illuminated
crescent of the planet to be overexposed.
The inner
rings (the C-ring) scatters light in a way that causes it to look bluer
rings (the B- and A-rings).
This information
can be used to determine
the nature of individual particles in the rings. The Voyager project

Laboratory,
is managed
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
for
oyage
On November
13, 1980
Voyager
1 recorded
this image
HQ
# 80-H-902
JPL
# P-23262
S-1-63
of Saturn,
a new ring, the
D-ring,
extend
at a range of about 250,000 kilometers.

This ring was found by Voyager to
from the edge of the C-ring at least half way to Saturn's cloud tops. The
D-ring
denser
also displays several individual

features
or ringlets which are presumably
local concentrations
of material. Although
groundbased
reports of a D-ring
have
persisted
cameras
appears
for more
than
much
too faint
a decade,
the
actual
to have been
ring recorded
by the
seen by groundbased
Voyager
telescopes
and
has been established

as a new ring. This image shows Saturn's limb in the upper left
and the inner edge of the C-ring in the lower right corner. Cutting across the frame
is the shadow
planet
of Saturn
cast
on the ring plane.
is the very faint D-ring. The Voyager
Propulsion
Visible
project
between
is managed
the
C-ring and the
for NASA by the Jet
Laboratory.

it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
c3
C_
o
C
r.
wU_
ager
HQ
# 81-HC-17
81-H-19
JPL # P-23346
S-1-70
This computer-enhanced
shows
The
Saturn's
photo
beyond
tings.
outer
the
was
photo
rings and
taken
planet.
from
The
of Saturn,
their
shadows
a distance
bright,
taken
against
of
November
1,570,000
overexposed
13, 1980, by Voyager
the lighted
limb
crescent
kilometers
of Saturn
1,
of the planet.
(930,000
is visible through
miles)
the
The inner or C-ring scatters light in a way that causes it to look bluer than the
A- and B-tings. Radial spokes in the B-ring, which appeared
dark in pictures
taken when Voyager 1 was approaching

Saturn,
This information
can be used to help determine
the rings. The thin
uniform
distribution
Voyager
project
can be seen here as bright markings.

the nature of individual particles in
F-ring displays brighmess

variations
of material in the ring. Jet Propulsion
for NASA's
Office
that are caused by nonLaboratory

manages the
of Space Science.
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
HQ
# 81-HC-19
81-H-21
JPL # P-23265
S-1-67
The conspicuous
crater on the surface of Saturn's moon Mimas is seen in this image
taken by NASA's Voyager 1 on November
12, 1980 when the spacecraft
was
540,000
kilometers
(324,000
miles) from the satellite. The massive crater, whose
proportional
size (approximately
100 kilometers or 60 miles) is about one-quarter of
the satcUite's diameter (390 kilometers
or 235 miles) is without precedent
among
the explored
probably
objects
almost
Voyager project
California.
of the solar system.
large enough
to shatter
The impact
that formed
Mimas into two
is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion
the crater was
or more fragments.
Laboratory,
This photograph
it is requested
that
if this photograph
or other commercial
promotion,
The
Pasadena,
oyager
HQ
Special
computer
variations
November
surface
was
white
streaks
mostly
of ice,
appearance.
that
solar system.
1981,
The
to enhance
can be seen
Voyager
and will then

Voyager
project
so is very
Of particular
crossing
may be caused by fresh ice ejected

made its closest approach to Saturn
the
used
in this photo
of Saturn's
satellite,
12, 1980, at a distance of 1.3 million
is composed
uniformly
bright
processing
toward
is managed
color
and
brightness
Rhea, taken
by Voyager
kilometers
(808,000 miles).
reflective,
interest
Rhea's
and
to Voyager
face.
Scientists
presents
an almost
scientists
believe
1 on
Rhea's
are the
the streaks
from beneath the sateliite's

surface. Voyager 1
November
12, 1980, and is now en route out of
2 will make
continue
subtle
# 81-HC-20
81-H-22
for
its closest
an encounter
NASA
by
approach
to Saturn
with Uranus
the
August
in January
Jet Propulsion
25,
1986.
Laboratory.
This photographis a governmentpublication-not subjectto copyright.

usedin any othermannerthat mightmislead.Accordingly,it is requested
HQ
# 81-HC-21
81-H-23
JPL # P-23267
S-1-67
An ancient
Mimas.
cratered
The picture
kilometers
satellite
miles)
little
about
4 billion
satellites,
is composed
in this Voyager
November
from
erosional
bombardment
and
is visible
was taken
(152,000
indicates
surface
the
activity
years
largely
12, 1980,
sateUite.
1 photo
when
The heavily
has taken
of Saturn's
Voyager
of ice.
Voyager
1 was 245,000
cratered
surface
place since the initial
ago. Mimas is the innermost

1 made
satellite
of the
meteorite
of Saturn's
its closest
larger
approach
to
Saturn November
12, 1980, and is now en route out of the solar system. Voyager 2
will make its closest approach to Saturn August 25, 1981, and then will continue
on
to Uranus, arriving there in January
1986.
Laboratory.
The
Voyager
project
is managed
This photograph
it is requested
or other oommercial
promotion,
for
oyager
HQ
# 81-HC-22
81-H-24
JPL # P-23266
S-1-66
A heavily
taken
November
(354,000
dominated
1,000
cratered
surface
12, 1980,
miles).
Other
by what
kilometers
made its closest
is apparent
(600
by Voyager
photos
appears
of
1986.
1 from
Tethys
to be a large
miles) in diameter
approach
to Satum
The Voyager
project
of Saturn's
a distance
showed
impact
the
crater
and is composed
November
the solar system.

Voyager 2 will make
1981, and will then continue
on toward
in January
in this photo
satellite
of 570,000
opposite
kilometers
hemisphere,
or hill. Tethys
largely
Tethys,
is about
of ice. Voyager
12, 1981, and is now en route
out of
its closest approach

to Saturn August 25,
Uranus. It will arrive at that distant planet
is managed
Laboratory.
This photograph
is e government publication--not
used in any other rhanner that might mislead. Accordingly,
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
ager
HQ
# 81-HC-23
81-H-25
JPL # P-23269
S-1-69
Large
bright
streaks
are
seen
photograph taken by NASA's

695,000
kilometers
(417,000
to cross
the
face
of Saturn's
moon
Dione
in this
Voyager 1 on November 12, 1980 from a distance of

miles). Higher resolution views of Dione taken by
Voyager
1 show some of these streaks to be grooves that may be the result of
fracturing in the satellite's
surface. The Voyager project is managed
for NASA
Laboratory,
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
layout
and copy
be submitted
to
NASA
prior
to release.
oyage
HQ
Little
detail
enhanced
is visible
image
on the
taken
by
surface
NASA's
of Saturn's
Voyager
distance of 655,000
kilometers
(393,000
on the satellite indicates that Enceladus'
surfaces
Enceladus
of the other
(within
at Saturn in August
larger Saturnian
90,000
1981,
kilometers
to obtain
Voyager project is managed for NASA

California.
satellite
Eneeladus
1 on November
# 81-HC-24
81-H-26
in this color-
12, 1980
from
miles).
The lack of visible surface detail
surface is dramatically different
from the
moons.
Voyager
or 54,000
higher
2 will fly much closer to
miles) when
resolution
the spacecraft
images
of the moon.
Laboratory,
arrives
The
Pasadena,
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
HQ
# 81-HC-130
81-H-101
JPL # P-23350
S-1-74
The prominent
red oval in Saturn's
by NASA's
Voyager
(3,142,613
miles)
approximately
south
1 on November
from
12,000
the planet.
kilometers
polar
12, 1980
The
(7,450
latitude
red cloud
miles)
is seen in this image taken
at a range of 5,057,545
feature
in length
(left
center),
kilometers
measuring
was first seen by Voyager
imaging team scientists in August 1980. The feature strongly resembles the larger
Great Red Spot of Jupiter, but it is not yet fully known whether the two features
share the same characteristic
properties.
Laboratory,
The Voyager
Pasadena,
project
is managed
for NASA
California.

used in anyothermannerthat mightmislead.Accordingly,it is requested
ager
HQ
# 81-H-102
JPL # P-23351
S-1-75
Two
satellites
of Saturn
share
an orbit
151,400
kilometers
(94,075
miles)
from
the center
of the planet. The leading co-orbital
satellite,
designated
1980 S-l,
is seen in transit across Saturn in this image taken by NASA's Voyager
1 on
November
12,
1980,
at
ellipsoidal,
125 miles
almost disk-shaped,
and rotates with its long axis (200 kilometers,
in diameter)
pointed
at Saturn.
The Voyager project is managed
a range
of 611,000
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
kilometers
(379,650
miles).
California.
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
layout
and copy
be submitted
to NASA
prior to release.
It is
or
for
oyager
HQ
# 81-H-103
JPL # P-22352
S-1-76
The
three
separate
components
of Saturn's
F-ring
are
seen
in this image
taken
by NASA's Voyager 1 on November

12, 1980 from a range of 750,000 kilometers
(466,000
miles). Two prominent
bright strands appear twisted and kinked, while
the fainter, innermost
third strand largely lacks such non-uniformities.
The kinking
appearance
of the
ring may
nearby
satellites,
caused
by electromagnetic
managed
be caused
S-13 on the outside
by the
and
forces upon
gravitational
perturbations
S-14 on the inside,
small F-ring particles.

Laboratory,
or the effect
The Voyager
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
layout end copy be submitted
of two
may
be
project
is
oyager
HQ # 81-H-104
JPL # P-23353
S-1-77
The rings and limb of Saturn

rings in this image
of
700,000
appeared
through
(inner)
kilometers
as the
which
(435,000
brightest
even
sunlit
shining
through
face.
are seen from
by NASA's
ring
the planet
and Cassini Division
system's
managed
taken
The
two
the southern,
miles).
From
Voyager's
bright
approach,
are among
bands
across
Cassini and Encke
side of the
12, 1980
this perspective,
be seen. Bounding
which
uniUuminated
1 on November
during
cannot
(outer),
the less dense
Voyager
the
is the
from a range
B-ring,
ring,
the B-ring are the C-ring
the darkest
features
Saturn's
limb represent
Divisions.
The Voyager
Laboratory,
which
darkest
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
of the ring
sunlight
project
is
ager
This
composite
appearance
and
southern,
taken
by
of two
of Saturn's
unlit
taken
when
side (bottom
the spacecraft
kilometers
(1,898,000
view are consistently
images
rings
by NASA's
seen from
image)
on November
Voyager
the northern,
of the ring system.

10, 1980
1
sur
Th
from
a range
miles). Ring features

appearing
dark when seen from a southern
brighte
perspecl
are ringlets with a high density of particles that allow little li_
Regions that appear dark from both perspectives
contain very 1
"gray"
areas in both views
represent
material
exists. The Voyager project
Laboratory,
regions
where
is managed
an intermed
for NASA
b)
This photograph
subject to
by N
any NASA employee of a commercial product, process, or sm
it i;
or other c
promotion,
to NASA prior
<oyager
The
icy,
Voyager
cratered
60
across
moons
1,600
or 3,400
ancient
crater
Callisto,
kilometers
mile diameter
of 85,000
north
age. The largest

deep,
resemble
forms
Ganymede
or 995
Rhea is seen
at a range
kilometers
and landscape
the flattened
Jovian
12, 1980
moon
over the satenite's
and several
The craters
unlike
just
passed
to the satellite's
miles)
crust.
of Saturn's
1 on November
as the spacecraft
attests
surface
that
those
have
of Ganymede)
in diameter,
# 81-H-106
JPL
# I)-23355
8-1-79
in this image
kilometers
craters,
Scientists
froze and became
preserved
by
miles)
surface
(30 to
in Rhea's
icy
Moon and Mercury,
and are
in the soft icy crusts
of the
believe
compared
surface, very early in its history. The Voyager project

Jet Propulsion
Laboratory,
cratered
50 to 100 kilometers
are freshly
on the
taken
(52,800
pole. The heavily
collapsed
and Europa.
miles
HQ
that Rhea (which
to the 5,500
rigid, behaving
is managed
is
kilometer
like a rocky
for NASA by the

it is requested
Is used in advertising
or other oommercial
promotion,
oyager
HQ
# 81-HC-131
81-H-107
JPL # P-23356
S-1-80
Special computer
processing
was used to enhance
subtle color and brightness
variations
in this photo of Saturn's satellite Rhea, taken by Voyager 1 on November 12, 1980, from a range of 1.3 million
is composed
white
seen
crossing
ejected
Voyager
of ice and is very

Of particular
beneath
the
on November
2 will make
continue
project
is
California.
toward
managed
12,
believe
1980,
Voyager
by
with
Uranus
the
Jet
Rhea's surface
an almost
scientists
the streaks
to Saturn
miles).
presenting
may be caused
out
on August
in January
Propulsion
uniformly
are the bright
1 made
and is now en route
approach
an encounter
NASA
(808,000
to Voyager
satellite 's surface.
its closest
for
reflective,
interest
Rhea's face. Scientists
from
to Saturn
then
mostly
appearance.
kilometers
by fresh
its closest
of the
The
Laboratory,
This photograph
by NASA or by
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
ice
approach
solar
25, 1981,
1986.
streaks
system.
and will
Voyager
Pasadena,
HQ # 81-HC-132
81-H-108
JPL # P-23357
S-1-81
Two
the
satellites
center
is seen
175,600
graphed
the
of Saturn
of
in this
the
kilometers
satellite
planet.
image
transitting
share
The
an orbit
151,400
kilometers
trailing
co-orbital
satellite,
taken by Voyager
(108,700
the satellite
are a consequence
through different
colored
Jet Propulsion
Laboratory,
miles).
The
1 on November
shadow
of the
shadow's
1980
S-3,
of
was photo-
stripes
as the images
is managed
from
at a range
F-ring
The colored
motion
miles)
designated
12, 1980
of Saturn's
in a series of six pictures.
filters. The Voyager project

(94,075
seen on
were taken
for NASA by the
This photograph
by NASA or by
it is requested
or other commercial
promotion,
to NASA
prior to release.
oyager
This
montage
flight
dominate
Moving
front
left,
was
through
prepared
the
this artist's
clockwise
Voyager
closest
manages
taken
by NASA's
in November
edge
and Titan
1 is now en route out of the solar system,

approach
to Saturn
the Voyager
project
on August
25, 1981.
# P-23400
S-1-82
15 known
while
Jet
Voyager
its
its
tings
satellites.
Mimas in
in the forefront
in its distant
The
1 during
and
and pockmarked
of the rings, Dione
rings,
JPL
Saturn
also shows six of the planet's
in front
of the
# 81-HC-133
81-H-109
Voyager
1980.
the right, this view shows Tethys
Enceladus
off the left
images
system
view, which
from
of the planet,
Rhea
from
Saturnian
HQ
to the
orbit at the top.

2 will make
Propulsion
Laboratory
for NASA.
This photographis a governmentpublication-not subjectto copyright.

any NASA employeeof a commercialproduct,process,or service,or be
usedin anyothermannerthat mightmislead.Accordingly,it isrequested
its
oyager
HQ
JPL
# 81-fl-196
#
260-1174/BW
S-I-86
Three
visible
"strands"
comprising
Saturn's
F-Ring
are seen
in
this Voyager
1 image
taken
on November
12, 1980.
The
two outer
components
seem
to cross
each other
several
times,
giving
a
braided
appearance
to the ring.
The F-Ring,
the outermost
visible
ring,
is bounded
by two "shepherding"
satellites,
1980
S26 and 1980 S27,
discovered
by Voyager
I.
Scientists
believe
the gravitational
effects
of the two satellites
may
confine
particles
in the F-Fing
into
a narrow
structure.
In addition,
the braldlike
structure
of the ring
as seen
here may
be a
result
of the eccentric
motion
of the two small
satellites.
The A-Ring
and Encke
Division
are seen
to the upper
right.
The
Voyager
Project
is managed
for NASA
by the Jet
Propulsion
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
is a government
publication-not
subje,_': _o copyright.
It may not be used to state or imply the endorsemen"
; NASA or by
any NASA employee of a commercial product, proce_
=r service, or
used in any othermanner
that might midead. Accordi. j_y, it is recluesl,
or other
commercial
promotion,
layout
and
copy
be submitted
to NASA
prior
to relearn.
oyager
HQ
JPL
81-H-197
# 260-I149/BW
S-1-85
This
mosaic
of Saturn's
rings
was compiled
from
photographs
taken
by NASA's
Voyager
1 on November
12, 1980,
when
the
spacecraft
came within
124,200
kilometers
(77,174
miles)
of the
planet.
Photographed
from
the illuminated
side of the rings,
material
in the C-Ring
(inner
ring)
and the Cassini
Division
is
not apparent.
Voyager
2 will
make
a closer
examination
of
Saturn's
rings
when
the spacecraft
arrives
at Saturn
in August
1981.
The Voyager
Project
is managed
for NASA
by the Jet
Propulsion
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
is : overnmen,
.olication--not
It may not be use " '_ state or
_)ly the endorsement
by NASA or by
amy NASA empl_
e of a corr,,,.Jrcisl product, process, or service, or be
used in any other manner that =,tight rnirJead. Accordingly,
it is requested
that
if this photograph
or other commercial
promotion,
layout
and
copy
be submitted
to NASA
prior
to release.
oyager
HQ
JPL
81-H-198
#
260-1135A/BW
S-1-83
Saturn's
outermost
visible
ring,
the F-Ring,
is seen with
its
two "shepherding"
satellites,
1980 $26
(left)
and 1980
S27
(right)
in 1980.
The outer
edge of the A-Ring
is visible
at
upper
right.
Scientists
believe
the gravitational
effects
of
the inner
and outer
satellites
may
confine
particles
in the
F-Ring
into a narrow
structure.
In addition,
the complicated,
braldlike
structure
(not visible
in this
image)
of the F-Ring
as seen
by Voyager
l's cameras
may
re a result
of the eccentric
motion
of these
two small
satellites,
which
measure
about
200
kilometers
(124 miles)
and
220 kilometers
(137 miles)
in
diameter,
respectively.
Both
satellites,
discovered
by Voyager
i, will
be given
permanent
names
by the International
Astronomical
Union.
The
two satellites
and the F-Ring
will
be
subjects
for close
study
on August
25, 1981.
The Voyager
Project
is managed
for NASA
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
is 8 government
Publication-not
It
may
not
be
used
to
state
or
imply
the
endorsement
by service,
NASA or
I lmy NASA empioyee of a commercial Product, process, or
or by
be
used in any other manner that might misJead. Accordingly,
it is requested
that
if this ph,,tograph
or other commercial
promotion,
ir
_ut and copy
be submitted
to NASA
prior
to release.
ager
HQ
JPL
81-H-199
#
260-1176A/BW
S-1-87
Spokelike
features
in Saturn's
rings
are seen as bright
areas
in this
image
taken
by NASA's
Voyager
1 on November
13, 1980,
when
the spacecraft
was 939,000
kilometers
(581,600
miles)
from
the cloud
tops
of the planet.
Where
sunlight
forward-scatters
on the rings,
the spokes
appear
bright;
the same
features
appear
dark
in backscattered
light.
In this
view,
the
concentric
structure
in the B-Ring
increases
contrast
and
accentuates
hundreds
of flight
and dark
ringlets.
The Voyager
2 spacecraft
will
closely
examine
the spokelike
features
durlng
its Saturn
encounter
In August,
1981.
The Voyager
Project
is
managed
for NASA
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
is I government
publication-not
subject to copyright
by NASA or by
any NASA employee of e commercial product, process, _r service, or be
used in any other manner that might misJeed. Accordi),, it is requested
that
if this photograph
o, )ther
commercial
promotion,
to N,
.A prior to release.
oyager
HQ
JPL
# 81-H-200
#
260-1137A/BW
S-I-84
Saturn's
large,
icy satellite
Iapetus
is seen
in this
photograph
taken
by NASA's
Voyager
1 on November
13, 1980,
from
a distance
of 2.5 million
kilometers
(1.5 million
miles).
Iapetus's
leading
hemisphere
is only
1/5 as bright
as its
trailing
hemisphere,
and the demarkation
between
the two sides
as seen
here
is meandering
and gradational.
The peculiar
brightness
difference
between
the two hemispheres
is as yet
unexplained,
lapetus
which
has a diameter
of 1,440
kilometers
(895 miles),
will
be a subject
for muach
closer
study
by
Voyager
2, which
will
photograph
the satellite
from
a distance
of 909,000
kilometers
(564,825
miles)
during
its Saturn
encounter
in August
1981.
The Voyager
Project
is managed
for
NASA
Laboratory,
Pasadena,
California.
This photograph
is a government
publication-not
subj.ct to copyright.
It may not be used to state or imply the endorsem:"
_y NASA or by
any NASA empioyee of commercial product, pro_
, r service, or be
used in any other manner that might misJeed. Aco
/, it is requested
it used in edvertisin 0
f ,ther commercial
promotion,
to f,_A_A prior to release.
ager
HQ
JPL
This
shows
above
from
81-fl-204
#
P-23547/BW
S-1-88
photo
of
Saturn,
taken
November
14,
1980,
by Voyager
i,
a puzzling
layer
of
extraordinarily
high
haze
standing
the
normal
haze
in Saturn's
atmosphere.
The
photo,
taken
a distance
of
1.6
million
kilometers
(I million
miles)
beyond
Saturn,
shows
the
entire
length
of
discovered
haze
layer
the
top
Saturn's
stands
of
the
ordinary
haze
layer
along
bright
limb.
The
newly
about
150
kilometers
(95 miles)
above
it,
and
is about
60
kilometers
(36 miles)
unexplained
amount
of
heating
is necessary
to
aerosols
at
that
higher
altitude;
the
heating
within
Saturn,
scientists
say,
since
convection
thick.
An
support
dust
or
cannot
come
from
clouds
with
irregular
structure
would
be produced,
not
the
stratification
seen
in this
photo.
The
occasional
and
loca
phenomenon
has
been
observed
in both
hemispheres.
Voyager
1 made
its
closest
approach
nearest
Uranus.
Laboratory
to Saturn
to Saturn
The
November
on August
Voyager
for
NASA's
12,
25,
1980.
1981,
project
Is
managed
Office
of
Space
Voyager
before
by
2 wlll
continuing
the
Jet
pass
on
Propulsion
Science.
This photograph ' _a government publication--not subject to copyright.

It may not be
.d to state or imply the endorsement by NASA or by
any NASA er
,)yee of a commercial product, process, or service, or be
used in any
.er manner that might misJead. Accordingly, it is requested
that if thk photograph is used in advertising or other commercial
promotion, layout and copy be submined to NASA prior to release.
to

Voyager: To Saturn

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Voyager: To Saturn

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

VOYAGER

Soulh Polar Region

its Rings and their

four days after flyby

and its Moon Dione

and its Rings

Rings and Limb of Saturn

Saturn's Ring System

(20 miles) on Rhea's surface. The color

to simple ray crater

nor to the grooved

Jovian system. Higher resolution

with small convective

the north. This image was obtained

10, 1980 when Voyager 1 was at a

resolved features in this photograph

This photograph is a government publication-not

10, 1980 when

features in the upper

the wind speed at various locations

This image of Saturn's

Mimas was taken by NASA's

by the low sun angle. The apparent

the top of the picture

is not real and results

change in sun angle. A long, narrow trough about five kilometers

by the Jet Propulsion

right limb, where it appears to

Moon. Many of the craters

of the floor during

are old and

for NASA by the Jet Propulsion

Many large impact

are seen in this view of the Saturnian

Also visible are irregular

valleys that represent

of the frame is at 26 degrees

1980 from a range of about 240,000

old fault troughs

mately 135 by 70 kilometers

a small, narrow ring

of Saturn a few thousand

and copy be submitted

miles) across with a dark spot in

its center is visible in this photograph

is to the right. The large circular

This photograph is a government publication-not

the ring plane.

of the rings are clearly

make up this very

This photographis a governmentpublication--notsubjectto copyright.

began to leave the Saturn

the A-, B-, and C-tings.

The dark band

This photographis a governmentpublication--not subjectto copyright.

and the leading

(seen most clearly

for NASA by the Jet Propulsion

for the Voyager

of Mars and possibly

This photographis a governmentpublication--notsubjectto copyright.

record of the collision

by the infaU of cosmic