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ABSTRACT
This paper investigates on performance analysis and control methods of Hybrid Active Power Filters using Space
Vector PWM and Adaptive Fuzzy based controllers for mitigating the harmonics, improving power factor there by
conditioning the power of a distribution system. In Space Vector PWM technique, reference voltage vector of Active
Power Filter (APF) is generated rather the reference current, and the required output voltage of APF is generated by
SVPWM. In Fuzzy based Hybrid filter, Proportional plus Integral (PI) control unit and fuzzy adjustor units are proposed.
PI control unit is for obtaining dividing frequency control and the fuzzy adjustor unit is for adjusting elements of the PI
control unit to produce better adaptive ability and dynamic response. The complete power system set model of the
proposed filter techniques has been developed in MATLAB. The control algorithms developed by two schemes are very
simple. Simulations are carried out for the two schemes by using MATLAB, it is noticed that the %THD has been
improved from 1.61(SVPWM technique) to 0.78 by the Fuzzy based Hybrid Filter technique.
KEYWORDS: Fuzzy Controller, Hybrid Active Power Filter, SVPWM Controller, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
INTRODUCTION
Harmonics are the major concerned problem in the distribution system. The growing use of electronic equipments
is one of the major causes to impute the harmonics. In order to solve these problems, the passive power filter (PPF) is often
used conventionally. However, it has many de-merits such as being bulk, resonance, tuning problem, fixed compensation,
noise, increased losses, etc., which discourages its implementation. On the contrary, the APF can solve the above problems
and is often used to compensate currentharmonics and low power factor that is caused by nonlinear loads, which has drawn
much attention since the 1970s. The commonness of this method is the request for generating reference current of Active
Power Filter (APF), either with the load current or the mains current. The second is that controls the VSI to inject the
compensating current into AC mains. However, they are limited by high cost, low-power capacity, and are difficult to use
in high-voltage grids. Another solution for the harmonic problem is to adopt a hybrid active power filter [3]-[4]. It is the
combination of active and passive power filters. The main objective of design of Hybrid filters is to enhance the
performance of the active power filter or passive power filter by adding passive or active components to its structure.
HAPF is categorized in parallel hybrid active power filters (PHAPFs) and series hybrid active power filters (SHAPFs)
based on the used active filter type. A series of PHAPFs was proposed after the 1990s [4][5]. Cheng etal. proposed a new
hybrid active power filter to achieve the power-rating reduction of the active filter.
The Hybrid Active Power filter configuration investigated in this paper is based on space vector pulse-width
modulated (PWM) [1] and fuzzy logic controller [2]. For harmonic current tracking controls, there are two schemes [6],
[7]:One is the linear current control, such as ramp comparison control, deadbeat control, sinusoidal internal model control,
310
generalized integrators control, etc.; the other is nonlinear current control, such as hysteresis control, predictive control,
etc. Hysteresis control has the advantage of simplicity, but leads to a widely varying switching frequency. This limitation
has been improved with variable hysteresis band switching strategies but it requires a complex controller to achieve
satisfactory performance. Predictive current control offers the best potential for precise current control, but the
implementation of a practical system can be difficult and complex. In this paper, two control schemes are proposed such as
Space Vector PWM and Fuzzy based Hybrid Active Power Filter. The simulation and experimental results also show that
the new control methods are not only easy to be calculated and implemented, but also very effective in reducing
harmonics.
represents the supply voltage. If equations (1), (2) and (3) are the three phase voltages. [
] in a-
b-c can be expressed as two-phase representation in d-q reference frame by Clarks transformation and it is given by
equation (4).
(4)
Above equation can be reduced as
(5)
Where a=ej2/3,
Performance Analysis of SVPWM and Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter
311
312
problems. The fuzzy control rule design involves defining rules that relates to the output
model properties. For designing the control rule base for tuning Kp and K i, the following important factors have been
taken into account.
For large values of /e/, a large kpis required, and for small values of /e/, a small kpis required.
For e, ec>0, a large kpis required and for e, ec>0 a small kpis required.
For large values of /e/ and /ec/, Kpis set to zero, which can avoid control saturation.
For small values of /e/, Kpis effective, and kpis larger when /e/ is smaller, which is better to decrease the steady
state error. So the tuning rule of Kpand Ki can be obtained as shown in Table.1 and Table.2.
Table 1: Adjusting Parameters of Kp
KP
NB
NM
NS
0
PS
PM
PB
NB
PB
PB
PM
PM
PS
0
0
NM
PB
PB
PM
PS
PS
0
NS
NS
NB
NM
NS
0
0
NS
NS
ec
O
PM
PM
PS
0
NS
NM
NM
PS
PS
PS
0
NS
NS
NM
NM
PM
PS
0
NS
NM
NM
NM
NB
PB
0
0
NM
NM
NM
NB
NB
313
Performance Analysis of SVPWM and Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter
NB
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NS
NB
NM
NS
NS
0
PS
NS
ec
0
NM
NM
NS
NM
PS
PM
PM
PS
NM
NS
0
PS
PS
PM
PB
PM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PB
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
APF(Fuzzy)
Values of Parameters
230 V (rms), 50 Hz, three-phase supply
Zl = 75 + j 62.83
Zla = 75 + j 31.42 , Zlb = 100 + j 23.56 , Zlc =85+ j 31.42
R=10.6 , L=58.2mH
Cdc=1000f, Vref = 750V,Cf = 24f, Lf = 30 mH
Output filter
11th turned filter
13th turned filter
6th turned filter
L/mH
0.2
1.77
1.37
14.75
C/ F
60
49.75
44.76
CF:19.65,CI:690
Q
50
50
The developed control method for three-phase shunt APF is simulated in MATLAB/Semulink. Firstly, the threephase supply currents are sensed and transformed into synchronous reference frame (d-q) axis. The fundamental
component of the supply current is transformed into dc quantities in the (d-q) axis and the supply current amplitude
Isgenerated by the PI controller. The obtained d-q axis components generate voltage command signal. By using Fourier
magnitude block, voltage magnitude and angle is calculated from the obtained signal. These values are fed to the
developed code and generated switching actions are applied to the APF. Thus, power balancing of the filter takes place.
Further, the performance with different type of loads is presented.
SVPWM Based Hybrid Active Power Filter
For Balanced Linear Load
314
the phase-A supply voltage and the supply current after compensation.
For Unbalanced Linear Load
The Figure 6 shows the simulation results of APF when three-phase unbalanced RL load is considered. Figure 6
(a) is the waveforms of the three-phase load current before compensation.
Figure 6 (b) is the waveforms of the three-phase mains current after compensation. From the figures, it can be
seen that APF controller can remedy the system unbalance.
(a)
Performance Analysis of SVPWM and Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter
315
(b
)
(c)
(a) The Three-Phase Source Voltage Waveforms (b) The Three-Phase Load Current Waveforms (c) The ThreePhase Source Current Waveforms
Figure 7: Simulation Results of Non-Linear Load
316
in 0.05 s. It is observed that compared to the conventional PI controller and generalized integral controller, the proposed
controller has better dynamic performance.
15 shows the simulation results of the steady-state compensation with the conventional generalized integral controller.
Figure 16 shows the simulation results of the steady-state compensation with the proposed controller. When the
conventional generalized integral controller is used, the current THD reduces to 3.42% from 21.34%, while after the
FHAPF with the proposed PI controller runs; the current THD reduces to 0.78% from 21.34% as shown in Figure 17. So it
can be observed that the proposed current controller exhibits much better performance than the conventional PI controller
and the conventional generalized integral controller.
Performance Analysis of SVPWM and Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter
317
Figure 17: FFT Analysis for the FHAPF with the Proposed Controller
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the two control methodologies for the Hybrid active power filter was proposed by using SVPWM
and Fuzzy controller. The performances of hybrid filter with the proposed methods are done in MATLAB/Simulink. The
harmonic spectrum under non-linear load conditions shows that reduction of harmonics is better. Under unbalanced linear
load, the magnitude of three-phase source currents are made equal and also with balanced linear load the voltage and
current are made in phase with each other. The simulation study of two level inverter is carried out using SVPWM because
of its better utilization of DC bus voltage more efficiently.
Generalized PI control unit and fuzzy adjustor unit based fuzzy dividing control method was discussed clearly.
The proposed method is able to increase the response of the dynamic system, robustness and also which is able to decrease
the tracking error. The proposed method is very much useful and also applicable to any other type of active filters.
Simulations are carried out for the two schemes by using MATLAB, it is noticed that the %THD has been
improved from 1.61(SVPWM technique) to 0.78 by the Fuzzy based Hybrid Filter technique. The simulation and
experimental results also show that the new control method is not only easy to be calculated and implemented, but also
very effective in reducing harmonics.
318
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