Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
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What is history ?
Pre history
Proto- history
History
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Stone Age.
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Source: http://www.personal.psu.edu/erh5000/human_evolution.html
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Source: http://www.upf.edu/cexs/actualitat/genographic.html
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Founder Crops
Domestication of Wheat, Barley, Peas, Chickpeas,
lentils and flax about 11500 years ago.
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Geological
Archealogical
Pleistocene(Ice age)
Palaeolithic
Gathering
Mesolithic
Hunting
Neolithic Age
Pastoralism
Chalcolithic
Agrarian economy
Holocene
Mode of Production
Life style
Migratory
Settled Agriculture
Iron age
Tools
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Stone &copper
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Mysterious Scripts
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Monsoon
Patterns
Changed
River
Courses
Changed
Trade
Floundered
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Contributions
Discovery of cotton
Invention of pottery
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Modern Metallurgy
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Vedic Era
Iron Age (1500 BC - 300 BC)
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Vedic literature
Shruti Samhita
Brahmanas
Smriti Vedangas,
Dharmshastras,
Mahakavyas
Puranas,
Upavedas,
Shad-darshanas (Indian Philosphy ,6 systems)
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Veda
Brahmana
Rigveda
(2)Aitreya
Samaveda
(6)
Yajurveda
(10)Shatapatha
Atharva
(1)
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Megaliths :
These were burial sites that were mainly prominent in the southern India but were
also existing in other regions(North east and Kashmir ).
These burial sites have some things in common they were buried along with pots
which are called red and black ware.
Tools and weapons of iron and skeletons of horses equipment and ornaments of stone
and gold were also found
Eg : Brahmagiri : Here one skeleton was buried with 33 gold beads, 2 stone beads, 4
copper bangles, and one conch shell.
Inamgaon (on the river ghod a tributary of Bhima):Adults were buried in the
ground.Many a times in the house.
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Geographical extent
Economy
Polity
Society
Religion
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Mahajanapadas: Rise of
Republics
Magadha
Kuru
Kashi
Vriji
Panchala
Kosala
Kamboja
Gandhara
Malla
Chedi
Machcha
Surasena
Kalinga
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Assaka
Avanti
Vatsa
Anga
Yona
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Bimbisara
Ajathasatru
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Ajathasatru empire.
Rivals the size of Persian
empire under Cyrus.
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Nanda Empire
Ajathasatru was succeeded by Shishunga dynasty
and then the Nanda dynasty.
Nandas were extremely unpopular and were
reportedly cruel. They denied help to other
Indian kings besieged by alien invasions.
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Brihadratha
Haryanka
Shishunga
Nanda
Unknown
6th century
5th century
4th century
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Charaka
Father of Medicine
Panini
Grammarian
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Chanakya
Military Strategist
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Battle of Hydaspes.
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Chandragupta Maurya:
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Ashoka .
Kalinga war and Dhamma
Ashokan Edicts -Major (Govt,official policies) and Minor(Life of Ashoka)
Major Rock Inscriptions ,Pillar Inscription ,Cave Inscriptions
Dasaratha
Grand son of Ashoka
Samprathi
Brihadratha
Last mauryan ruler
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Earliest-Language Works:
4 scripts
Brahmi ,Kharosthi
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Smriti :
Vedangas (to understand veda) Shiksha : phonetics, phonology and
morphophonology (sandhi)
Kalpa : ritual
Vyakarana : grammar
Nirukta : etymology
Chandas : meter
Jyotisha : Astrology
Dharmshastras,
Manusmriti,YagnavalakyaSmriti
Naradsmiriti
Mahakavyas
Mahabharata
Ramanya
Puranas,
Agni,Garuda,Matsya
Upavedas,
Dhanurveda,Ayurveda,Gandharvav
eda,Sthapatyaveda
Samkhya,Yoga,Nyaya,Vaisheshika,
Mimamsa,Vedanta
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Rise of Ashoka.
Political Integration of India. (269-232 BC)
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Ashokas Legacy
Moral Symbols
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First major
written language
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Siddhartha Gautama:
563 BC to 480 BC
Buddhism
Vardhamana Mahavira:
599 BC to 527 BC
Jainism
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Religious Movements
Bhuddism
Jainism
Thirthankara-Path maker (Great Teacher)
1-Rishabha,16-Shanthinath,23-Parasvanath,24-Mahavira
Vardhaman-Gyanthrika Tribe-
4-Noble Truths
Life is full of sorrows
Sorrows are caused by desires
If desires are controlled sorrows can be controlled
Ashtanga Marga
8 Fold path-vision,aim,speech,livelihood,effort,
5 cardinal principles
Satya-Truth
Ahimsa-Non-violence
Asteya-No property
Apagraha-Nostealing
Brahmacharya-observing continence(added by mahavira)
4 Councils
Shvethambaras Vs Digambaras
1 Rajgriha
Suttapitaka,Vinayapitaka
(Sthulabahu)
(Badrabahu)
(Ajatashatruvu) (teachings)(Code for nuns)(Pali)
2 Vaishali
no text but groupism emerges
Councils
3 Pataliputra
Abhidammapitaka
1 Pataliputra
12 Angas(compiled)
(Ashoka)
(Philosophical Interpetation)
(Sthulabahu)
4 Kashmir
Groups-Mahayana vs Hinayana
2 Valabhi
12 Angas &12Upangas
(Kanishnka)
(Bodhisatva)(original teachings)
(Vaipulya Sutras)
Vajrayana (related to Mahayana)
(Tantrik form of worship related to Tara)
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Chandragupta
Jainism
Bindusara
Ajvika
Ashoka
Buddhism
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Classical Age.
(200 BC - 1100 AD)
Greatest works of Indian art would be created.
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Foreign dynasties
Sungas-Pushyamitra sunga
Kanvas,-Vasudeva
Chetas-Kalinga
Kharavela-Hathigumpa Inscription
Sangam literature- at Madurai
3 phases
1 phase lengthiest but no surviving text
2 meeting
Tolkapiyyar-Tolkappiyam(oldest grammar book)
Thiruvalluar-Tirukkural(Philosphy and wise maxims)
Silapadikkaram-Oldest epic
Manimekalai
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Muvender : Chola+Chera+Pandya
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Satvahanas: Consolidation of
Middle India. 230 BC to 220 AD.
Created the present world heritage sites of
Ajantha, Ellora and Amaravati.
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SkandaGupta
Huna Invasion
Literature
Chandragupta-2-Navaratnas
Kalidasa-AbhijnanaShakuntalam,Meghdootam,
Raghuvamsham,Kumarasambhavam
Vishakhadatta-Devichandraguptam
Vajjika-Kaumidi Mahotsav
Shudrak-Mrichchhakatika
Advances in Sciences
Aryabhatta-Surya &Arya Siddhanta
Astronomer,zero decimal
Chandragupta-2 (Vikramaditya)
Vishaka Dutta-Devichandraguptam,Mudrakshara
Meharauli Iron Inscription.
Kumaragupta-1
Nalanda university-2 Buddhist university,
1-Nagarjuna university.
Varahamira-Astrology(Pancha siddhanta,Brihatsamhita)
Amarasimha :Amarakosha
BrahmaGupta- Brhmasphuasiddhnta Indian Newton
Vatsayana : Kamasutra
Paintings
Ajanta &Ellora caves.
Temple
Beginning of temple architecture
The Nagara style
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Chandrgupta - I
Yet another Chandragupta
emerges to fight alien powers
in India. Marries a Lichchhavi
princess & gets Magadha
kingdom as dowry. Starts
massive expansion.
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Gupta Dynasty
Age of Innovations (320 - 520 AD)
Chess
Place value
system
University
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Sex
Education
110
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Varahamihira
Trignometry, Optics,
Arithmetic and
calculation of equinox.
Aryabhatta
Shushruta
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Xuanzhang
Faxian
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Deccan
Early chalukyas-Chalukya of Badami,Vatapi
Pulakesin-1 Founder
Pulakesin-2
Stopped Harsha
,Involved with Narasimhavarman of Pallavas
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