Population

Year
Population

Year

1980
3000

1990
5700

2000
6400

2010
9600

Populatio

Average

% of

Average

Average

people

Average

incremental

decreases

growth rate

people

growth rate

of

per decade

growth per

per decade

increasing

(I)

decade (i)

(m)

per decade

2700
700
3200
6600
2200

90
12.28
50
152.28
50.76

-2000
2500
500
166.67

(k)
1980
1990
2000
2010

3000
5700
6400
9600

Total
Average

2000
+2500
-500
-166.67

The WTP is designed for the usage for 20 years, thus, we need to estimate the population at the
year of 2030. By using the method of Incremental increase:
Pn = Pi + n ( I + m )
P2030 = 9600+2(2200 + 166.67)
=14334
P2030 =14334 people

Water Demand

Pi = P2010= 9600 n=(2030-2010)/10 =2

The daily water demand for the whole development is 15,566,182 L/day and is computed based
on guideline provided by JBA Perlis:

Housing and Public

Development
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Terrace house
Semi-D
Bungalow
Apartment
Mosque

600

400
1 unit

6.

Daily school

1 unit

7.

Boarding school

1 unit

8.

Kindergarten

2 unit

500
200

People/Unit of
Development

Water Demand
per person
(L/capita/day)

5
5
6
5
60% per
population
20% per
population
40% per
population
20% per
population

1500
2000
2000
1500
50

1.
2.
3.
4.

Shop lots (single-storey)

Petrol station
Wet market
Light industry workshop
Total

4,500,000.00
5,000,000.00
2,400,000.00
3,000,000.00
8,600.40

50

143,340.00

250

5,733.60

30

172,008.00

Total
Trade Development

Total Water
Demand (L/day)

15,229,682
Unit of
development

Water Demand
per unit (L/day)

150
2
1
1

2000
50000
25000
1500

Water Demand Fluctuations

Annual average demand = 5,681,656,430 L/ year

Total Water
Demand (L/day)
300,000
10,000
25,000
1,500
336,500

Maximum daily demand

= 180% of annual average demand

= 180/100 x 15,566,182 L/day
= 28,019,127.60 L/day

Maximum weekly demand

= 148% of annual average demand

= 148/100 x 15,566,182 L/day
= 23,037,949.36 L/day

Maximum monthly demand

= 128% of annual average demand

= 128/100 x 15,566,182 L/day
= 19,924,712.96 L/day

Maximum hourly demand

= 150% of maximum daily demand

= 150/100 x 28,019,127.6 L/day
= 42,028,691.40 L/day

Water intake ( about 5km from pauh )

The intake is located near Simpang Empat town just upstream of the second tidal gate at
the Arau irrigation canal. It is understood that Arau canal would have a capacity to accommodate
uo ti 540mgd of flow. The water mainly comes from the existing Muda. Pedu and Ahning
reservoirs, a number of rivers joining upstream and rainfall. The sophisticated irrigation scheme
under MADA would allow for efficient redirection and control of water flow to the canal to meet the
requirement at all times of the season.
Structure---- tower..

Coagulation
Design flow, Qpeak =28,019,127.60 L/day
= 28,019.13 m3/day
=19.45 m3/min
Detention time, t = 25 min

(range between 15 40 minutes)

 Velocity gradient, G = 950 s-1

Number of proposed unit = 2
Geometry information:
Assume the basins with a ratio of length : width = 1 : 1
D/W = 1.5
L x W x D = W x W x 1.5W = 1.5 W3
-

Design calculation
Volume of tank = (19.45/2) x 25
= 244 m3
1.5 W3 = 244
W = (244/1.5)1/3
= 5.5m
L = 5.5 m
D=8m
For each tank
Actual volume = 5.5 x 5.5 x 8
= 242 m3
Actual detention time provided, tact

= V/Q
=242/9.7
=24.9 min
=25 min

Equipment design
*Water temperature=5 OC , =1.518 x 10-3 N-s/m2
Mixed power,P =G2V
=(950s-1)2x(1.518 x 10-3 N-s/m2) x 242 m3
=331,538.79 N-m/s (W)
=331.54 kW
Water temperature,T
Efficiency of mixer
Efficiency Power

=5C

=90%
= 331.54 kW/ 0.9
= 368.40 kW
Impeller size and rotational speed (rpm)
Design consideration
Impeller type:Discturbine 4 flat blades
w/d=0.16 Np=2.6

P g

5
NPd

1
3

368.4 x 10 3 N - m/s

9.81 m/s 2

5
3
3
2.6 (2.8m)
9.81 10 N/m

1
3

0.937rps
56.24 rpm
diameter of the impeller is of diameter of
basin
1
W
2
1
5.5m 2.8 m
2

Impeller diameter, d

Check the Reynolds number

N R nd 2
g
9.81 10 3 N / m 3
1.518 10 3 N - s / m 2 9.81 m / s 2
4.839 10 6 10,000
0.937 rps (2.8m) 2

Therefore turbulent condition exist

F. Flocculation
Type of flocculator; Mechanical or hydraulics. (Why??)
Purposes;
Design Parameter:
Design flow, Qpeak =28,019,127.60 L/day
= 28,019.13 m3/day
=19.45 m3/min
Detention time, t = 45min

(range between 20 to 60 minutes)

Number of proposed unit; 2

Geometry information:
Assume the basins with a ratio of length : width: depth = 1 : 1: 1
Volume of square

=LxLxL
= L3

Design calculations
Volume of tank = (19.45/2) x 45
= 436.95 m
L3 = 436.95
L = (436.95)1/3
= 7.58 m
= 7.6 m
W = 7.6 m
D = 7.6 m
For each tank ,
Actual volume

= 7.6 x 7.6 x 7.6

= 438 m

Detention of time, tact

= V/Q
= 438 / 9.7
= 45 min

For first tank,

Water temperature, T = 5C
Agitation requirements:
1st tank, G = 90 s-1, 2nd tank, G = 60 s-1

Mixed power,P

For second tank,

Mixed power,P

=G2V
=(90s-1)2x(1.518 x 10-3 N-s/m2) x 438 m3
=5,385.56 N-m/s (W)
=5.39 kW
=G2V
=(60s-1)2x(1.518 x 10-3 N-s/m2) x 438 m3
=2,393.58N-m/s (W)
=2.39 kW

Sedimentation
Design Parameters:

Design flow, Qpeak

= 28,019,127.60 L/day
= 28,019.13 m3/day
=19.45 m3/min

Detention time, t = 4 hr
Number of proposed unit; 4
Surface loading rate: 30 m3/m2.day
Weir loading rate: 250 m3/m.day

Geometry information:
The length to width ratio is 4 : 1
The depth is in range of 3 to 5 meters.

Design calculations
L = 4W
Area= L x W = (28019.13/4)/30
4W x W = 233.49
4W2 = 233.49
W = (233.49/4)1/2
=7.6 m
L = 30.4 m
(28019.13/4)/24 = (7.6 x 30.4 x D )/ 4
D = 5m
Actual volume

= 30.4 x 7.6 x 5
= 1155.2 m3
Actual detention time, tact
= 1155.2/ (28019.13/4/24)
= 3.9 hour
= 4.0 hour
Horizontal velocity = Q/ A
= Q/ (W x D)
= (28019.13/4/24)/ (7.6 x 5)
= 7.68 m2/ hr
Length of overflow weir, L = 0.2 Q/ (D x u)
= (0.2 x 28019.13/4)/ (5 x 30)
= 9.33 m
= 9.4 m

Filtration
Design parameter:

Design flow, Qpeak

= 28,019,127.60 L/day
= 28,019.13m3/day
=1,167.46m3/hr

Filtration rate = 5 m3/m2.h

Number of proposed unit = 2
Assume a one filter unit is out of service for backwash at the design
capacity.
Provide dimension of filter units;

 Assume: square size filter units

Design calculation:
For two filter units functioned well,
Area = Q/V = (1,167.46/2)/5
= 116.75 m2

L2 = 116.75
L = (116.75)1/2
= 10.8 m
W = 10.8 m
D = 10.8 m
For one filter unit is out of service for backwash,
Area = Q/V = (1,167.46)/5
= 233.50 m2
2
L = 233.50
L = (233.50)1/2
= 15.28 m
= 15.30m
W = 15.30m
D = 15.30m