List of countries and capitals with currency

and language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent, displayed
with their respective national flags and capitals, and including their respective currencies and
native languages.
This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into adjacent
continents. The continents are:

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

South America

Oceania (a geopolitical region, which includes the continent of Australia and the Pacific
Islands)

Antarctica

In other models, Asia and Europe can be combined as Eurasia, while North and South America
can be combined as the Americas (for a detailed description of how the world is divided into
continents, including different models, see here).
There are sovereign states and dependent territories that can be considered to belong to more
than one continent, according to geographical, political, or historical criteria.

Contents

1 Africa

2 Asia

3 Europe

4 North America

5 South America

6 Oceania

7 Antarctica

8 See also

9 Notes

10 References

11 External links

Africa
Africa

Area
30,221,532 km2 (11,668,599 sq mi)
Population 2,032,532,974[1] (2011, 2nd)
Pop. density 30.51/km2 (about 80/sq mi)
Countries
57 (list of countries)
Languages Languages of Africa
Time zones UTC-1 to UTC+4
Main articles: Africa and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa
Further information: Geography of Africa
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical data such
as area, population, and population density, see here.

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.2 million
km (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent of the Earth's total
surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area.[2] With 1.0 billion people (as of 2009, see
table), it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded
by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai
Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagoes. It has 54 fully recognized
sovereign states ("countries"), 10 territories and two de facto states with limited recognition.[3]
Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the origin of humans and the
Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their
ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to around seven million years ago
including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H.
habilis and H. ergaster with the earliest Homo sapiens (modern human) found in Ethiopia
being dated to circa 200,000 years ago.[4] Africa straddles the equator and encompasses numerous
climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern
temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and
5.5% in 2011.[6]
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Algeria

Algiers

Dinar

Arabic

Angola

Luanda

Kwanza

Portuguese

Benin

Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)

CFA franc

French

Botswana

Gaborone

Pula

English
Setswana

Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou

CFA franc

French

Burundi

Bujumbura

Rupie

Cameroon

Yaound

CFA franc

Cape Verde

Praia

Central African
Republic

Bangui

Chad

N'Djamena

Comoros

Moroni

Congo (CongoBrazzaville)

Brazzaville

Kirundi
French
French
English

Cape Verdean
Portuguese
escudo
French
CFA franc
Sango
French
CFA franc
Arabic
Comorian
Comorian
Arabic
franc
French
CFA franc

French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Cte d'Ivoire
(Ivory Coast)
Democratic
Republic of the
Congo (CongoKinshasa)

Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)

CFA franc

French

Kinshasa

Congolese
franc

French

Djibouti

Djibouti

Egypt

Cairo

Djiboutian
franc
Egyptian
pound
Equatorial
Guinean
peseta

French
Arabic
Arabic

Eritrea

Asmara

Tallero

Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

Birr

Spanish
French
Portuguese
Tigrinya
Arabic
English
Amharic

Gabon

Libreville

CFA franc

French

Gambia

Banjul

Gambian
dalasi

English

Ghana

Accra

Ghana cedi

English

Guinea

Conakry

Guinean franc French

Guinea-Bissau

Bissau

Kenya

Nairobi

CFA franc
Kenyan
shilling

Lesotho

Maseru

Lesotho loti

Liberia

Monrovia

Liberian dollar English

Libya

Tripoli

Madagascar

Antananarivo

Dinar
Malagasy
ariary

Malawi

Lilongwe

Kwacha

Mali

Bamako

CFA franc

French

Mauritania

Nouakchott

Ouguiya

Arabic

Mauritius

Port Louis

Mauritian

Mauritian

Equatorial Guinea Malabo

Portuguese
Swahili
English
English
Sesotho
Arabic
Malagasy
French
English
Chichewa

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency
rupee

Mayotte

Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France

Morocco

Rabat

Mozambique

Maputo

Namibia

Windhoek

Niger
Nigeria
Runion

Official
language
Creole
French
English

Euro

French

Moroccan
dirham
Mozambican
metical
Namibian
dollar

Arabic
Berber

Niamey

CFA franc

French

Abuja
Saint-Denis
Overseas department of France

Naira

English

Euro

French

Portuguese
English

Rwanda

Kigali

Kinyarwanda
Rwandan franc English
French

Saint Helena,
Ascension and
Tristan da Cunha

Jamestown (Saint Helena)

Georgetown (Ascension Island)
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas
(Tristan da Cunha)

Saint Helena
pound
English
Pound sterling

Sao Tome and

Principe

So Tom

Dobra

Portuguese

Senegal

Dakar

CFA franc

French

Seychelles

Victoria

Seychellois
rupee

Seychellois
Creole
French
English

Sierra Leone

Freetown

Leone

English

Somalia

Mogadishu

Somaliland
South Africa

Somali
Arabic
Somaliland
Somali
Hargeisa
shilling
Arabic
Pretoria (administrative/executive) South African Afrikaans
Cape Town (legislative)
rand
English
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Southern
Ndebele
Northern Sotho
Somali shilling

Flag

Name

South Sudan

Juba

Sudan

Khartoum

Currency

South
Sudanese
pound
Sudanese
pound

Official
language
Southern Sotho
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu
English

Mbabane (administrative)
Lilangeni
Lobamba (royal and legislative)
Dodoma (official)
Tanzanian
Dar es Salaam (seat of government) shilling

Arabic
English
English
Swati
Swahili
English

Togo

Lom

CFA franc

French

Tunisia

Tunis

Tunisian dinar Arabic

Swaziland
Tanzania

Uganda

None

Capital

Kampala

Western Sahara

None Disputed territory between

Morocco and the
Sahrawi
Arab Democratic Republic

Zambia

Lusaka

Zimbabwe

Harare

Asia
Asia

Ugandan
shilling

Swahili
English
Luganda

Moroccan
dirham
See respective
Algerian dinar
claimants
Mauritanian
ouguiya
Zambian
English
kwacha
English
various
Shona
Sindebele

Area
44,579,000 km2 (17,212,000 sq mi)[7]
Population 5,879,000,000 (1st)[8]
Pop. density 87/km2 (225/sq mi)
Countries
48 (list of countries)
Languages List of languages
Time zones UTC+2 to UTC+12
Main articles: Asia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia
See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia
Further information: Geography of Asia
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data such as
area, population, and population density, see here.
Asia ( i/e/ or /e/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in
the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of
its land area) and with approximately 4.3 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current
human population. During the 20th century Asia's population nearly quadrupled.[9]
Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the
Suez Canal, the Ural river, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the
Kuma-Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the east by
the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.
Given its size and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity "is more a
cultural concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than a homogeneous physical entity.
[12]
Asia differs very widely among and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures,
environments, economics, historical ties and government systems.
Flag

Name
Abkhazia

Capital
Sukhumi
De facto sovereign state
lacking general

Currency
Russian ruble

Official language
Georgian
Abkhaz
Russian

Flag

Name

Capital
international recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as part of Georgia.

Currency

Official language

Kabul

Afghani

Episkopi Cantonment

Euro

Yerevan

Dram

Pashto
Dari (Persian)
English
Greek
Armenian

Azerbaijan [Europe] Baku

Manat

Azerbaijani

Bahrain

Manama

Bahraini dinar

Arabic

Bangladesh

Dhaka

Taka

Bengali

Bhutan

Thimphu

Bhutanese
ngultrum

Dzongkha

US dollar
UK pound

English

Brunei dollar

Bahasa Melayu
Khmer

Afghanistan
Akrotiri and
Dhekelia
Armenia

Brunei

Diego Garcia
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom
Bandar Seri Begawan

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Riel

China

Beijing

Renminbi (yuan) Standard Chinese

British Indian
Ocean Territory

Flying Fish Cove

Christmas Island External territory of
Australia
West Island
Cocos (Keeling)
External territory of
Islands
Australia

Australian dollar English

English
Greek
Turkish
Portuguese
Tetum

Cyprus [Europe]

Nicosia

Euro

East Timor
(Timor-Leste)

Dili

US Dollar

Georgia [Europe]

Tbilisi

Lari

Georgian

Hong Kong

Special administrative
region of China

Hong Kong
dollar

India

New Delhi

Indian Rupee

English
Cantonese
Hindi
English
Tamil

Indonesia

Jakarta

Rupiah

Indonesian

Iran

Tehran

Rial

Persian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language
Kurdish
Arabic
Hebrew
Arabic

Iraq

Baghdad

Iraqi dinar

Israel

Jerusalem

New shekel

Japan

Tokyo

Yen

Japanese

Jordan

Amman

Jordanian dinar

Kazakhstan

Astana

Tenge

Arabic
Kazakh
Russian

Kurdistan

Erbil

Dinar

Kurdish

Kuwait

Kuwait City

Kuwaiti dinar

Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek

Som

Arabic
Kyrgyz
Russian

Laos

Vientiane

Kip

Lebanon

Beirut

Lebanese pound Arabic

Macau
Malaysia

Special administrative
region of China
Kuala Lumpur (official)
Putrajaya (seat of
government)

Lao

Macanese pataca

Portuguese
Cantonese

Ringgit

Malaysian

Maldives

Mal

Mongolia
Myanmar
(Burma)

Ulaanbaatar

Maldivian
rufiyaa
Tgrg

Naypyidaw

Kyat

NagornoKarabakh

Stepanakert
De facto sovereign state
lacking general
international recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part of
Azerbaijan

Armenian dram Armenian

Nepal

Kathmandu

Nepalese rupee

Nepali

Turkish lira

Turkish

Northern Cyprus Nicosia

De facto sovereign state
lacking general
international recognition
Recognized by United
Nation as de jure part of

Maldivian
Mongolian
Burmese

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Cyprus
North Korean
won
Rial

North Korea

Pyongyang

Korean

Oman

Muscat

Pakistan

Islamabad

Palestine

East Jerusalem (claimed

capital)
Ramallah (West Bank seat
of government)
Gaza (Gaza Strip seat of
Israeli shekel
government)
Territory occupied by Israel
State of Palestine (flag
displayed) proclaimed on
territory

Philippines

Manila

Philippine Peso

Qatar

Doha

Riyal

Filipino
English
Arabic

Saudi Arabia

Riyadh

Saudi riyal

Arabic

Arabic
English
Pakistani Rupee
Urdu

Arabic

English
Chinese
Singapore dollar
Malay
Tamil
South Korean
Korean
won

Singapore

Singapore

South Korea

Seoul

South Ossetia

Tskhinvali
De facto sovereign state
lacking general
international recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part of
Georgia

Sri Lanka

Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Sri Lankan rupee

Sinhala
Tamil

Syria

Damascus

Syrian pound

Arabic

Taiwan

Taipei
De facto sovereign state
lacking general
international recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as part of China.

New Taiwan
dollar

Standard Chinese

Russian ruble

Ossetic
Georgian
Russian

Flag

Name
Tajikistan

Capital
Dushanbe

Currency
Somoni

Official language
Tajik

Thailand

Bangkok

Baht

Thai

Turkey [Europe]

Ankara

Turkish lira

Turkish

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat

Turkmen new
manat

Turkmen

United Arab
Emirates

Abu Dhabi

UAE dirham

Arabic

Uzbekistan

Tashkent

Uzbekistan som
(O'zbekiston
Uzbek
so'mi)

Vietnam

Hanoi

ng

Vietnamese

Yemen

Sana'a

Yemeni rial

Arabic

Tagalog

Notes
1. The Russian Federation is classified as a European country by the United Nations
Statistics Division. Russia is historically the successor of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a
medieval state of northeastern Europe. The Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in
the late 16th century. Today, most of the territory of Russia is in Asia, but most of its
population lives in the European part.

Europe
Europe

Area
10,180,000 km2 (3,930,000 sq mi)[n]
Population 739,165,030[n] (2011), 3rd)
Pop. density 72.5/km2

Countries
50 (list of countries)
Languages List of languages
Time zones UTC to UTC+6
Main articles: Europe and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia
Further information: Geography of Europe
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical data such
as area, population, and population density, see here.
Europe ( i/jrp/ EWR-p or /jrp/ YUR-p[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's seven
continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from
Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian
and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is bordered
by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the
south, and the Black Sea and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europe
a concept dating back to classical antiquityare somewhat arbitrary, as the primarily
physiographic term "continent" can incorporate cultural and political elements.
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000
square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area.
Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest by both area and population,
taking up 40% of the continent (although the country has territory in both Europe and Asia),
while the Vatican City is the smallest. Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and
Africa, with a population of 733 million or about 11% of the world's population.[15]
Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played a
predominant role in global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the beginning
of colonialism. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations controlled at various
times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions of Asia. In 1900, Europe's share
of the world's population was 25%.[17] Both World Wars were largely focused upon Europe,
greatly contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid20th century as the United States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18] During the Cold War,
Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in
the east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and the European
Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward since the revolutions of
1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

land Islands

Mariehamn
Autonomous region of Finland
Euro
(recognized by international treaty)

Swedish

Albania

Tirana

Albanian

Lek

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Andorra

Andorra la Vella

Euro

Catalan

Austria

Vienna

Euro

German

Belarus

Minsk

Belarusian
ruble

Belgium

Brussels

Euro

Bosnia and
Herzegovina

Sarajevo

Convertible
mark

Belarusian
Russian
Dutch
French
German
Bosnian
Croatian
Serbian

Bulgaria

Sofia

Lev

Bulgarian

Croatia

Zagreb

Kuna

Croatian

Czech Republic Prague

Czech koruna Czech

Denmark

Copenhagen

Danish krone[a] Danish

Estonia

Tallinn

Euro

Estonian

Faroe Islands

Trshavn
Self-governing territory of the
Danish Realm

Faroese krna

Faroese
Danish

Finland

Helsinki

Euro

Finnish
Swedish

France

Paris

Euro
CFP franc

French

Germany

Berlin

Euro

German

Gibraltar

Gibraltar
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

Gibraltar
pound

English

Greece

Athens

Euro

Greek

Hungary

Saint Peter Port

British Crown dependency
Budapest

Iceland

Reykjavk

Ireland

Dublin

Guernsey

Pound sterling
Forint
Icelandic
krna
Euro

English
French
Hungarian
Icelandic
English

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language
Irish

Isle of Man

Douglas
British Crown dependency

Pound sterling

English
Manx

Italy

Rome

Euro

Italian
English
French

Latvia

Saint Helier
Pound sterling
British Crown dependency
Pristina
De facto sovereign state recognized
by over 80 UN member states
Euro
A United Nations mandate in
Serbian territory was put in place
starting in 1999.
Riga
Lats

Liechtenstein

Vaduz

Swiss franc

German

Lithuania

Vilnius

Lithuanian
litas

Lithuanian

Jersey

Kosovo

Albanian
Serbian

Latvian

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Euro

Luxembourgish
French
German

Macedonia

Skopje

Macedonian
denar

Macedonian

Malta

Valletta

Euro

Moldova

Chiinu

Maltese
English
Moldovan leu Moldovan

Monaco

Monaco

Euro

Montenegro

Podgorica

Netherlands

Amsterdam

Norway

Oslo

Euro
Montenegrin
Euro
US dollar
Dutch
NA guilder
Aruban florin
Norwegian
Norwegian
Bokml
krone
Nynorsk

Poland

Warsaw

Zoty

Polish

Portugal

Lisbon

Euro

Portuguese

French

Flag

Name
Romania

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Bucharest

Romanian leu Romanian

Russia

Moscow

Russian
Russian ruble 27 others coofficial

San Marino

San Marino

Euro

Serbia

Belgrade

Serbian dinar Serbian

Slovakia

Bratislava

Euro

Slovak

Slovenia

Ljubljana

Euro

Spain

Madrid

Euro

Slovene
Spanish
Catalan
Galician
Basque

Svalbard

Longyearbyen
Norwegian
Special territory of Norway
krone
(recognized by international treaty)

Sweden

Stockholm

Italian

Norwegian

Swedish krona Swedish

Switzerland

Bern

Swiss franc

German
French
Italian
Romansh

Transnistria

Tiraspol
De facto sovereign state lacking
general international recognition
Recognized by United Nations as
de jure part of Moldova

Transnistrian
ruble

Russian
Moldovan
Ukrainian

Ukraine

Kiev

United Kingdom London

Ukrainian
Ukrainian
hryvnia
Pound sterling English

Vatican City

Euro

Vatican City

Italian

Notes
1.
o Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries
by the United Nations Statistics Division:
Azerbaijan,
Georgia,
Turkey,
Armenia.

o In West Asia, but a member of the European Union:

Cyprus.

North America
North America

Area
24,709,000 km2 (9,540,000 sq mi)
Population
528,720,588 (2008, 4th)
Pop. density 22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi)[b]
Countries
23 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones UTC-10 to UTC
Main articles: North America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North
America
See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas
Further information: Geography of North America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within
the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas.[19] It is
bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and
south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.
North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles),
about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population
was estimated at nearly 529 million people across 23 independent states. North America is the
third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia,
Africa, and Europe.

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Anguilla

The Valley
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Antigua and
Barbuda

St. John's

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Bahamas

Oranjestad
Constituent country of the
Aruban florin
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Nassau
Bahamian Dollar

Barbados

Bridgetown

Barbadian Dollar

English

Belize

Belmopan

Belize Dollar

English

Aruba

Hamilton
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom
Kralendijk
Bonaire
Special municipality of the
Netherlands
Road Town
British Virgin Islands Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom
Bermuda

Canada
Cayman Islands
Clipperton Island

Ottawa
George Town
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom
uninhabited
Overseas territory of France

United States
Dollar

Dutch

United States
Dollar

English

Canadian Dollar

French
English

Cayman Islands
Dollar

English

Euro

French

San Jos

Cuba

Havana
Cuban peso
Willemstad
Netherlands
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder
Kingdom of the Netherlands
East Caribbean
Roseau
Dollar

Dominica

Dominican Republic Santo Domingo

El Salvador

San Salvador

Greenland

Nuuk
Self-governing territory of the

English

Bermudian Dollar English

Costa Rica

Curaao

Papiamento
Dutch

Costa Rican colon Spanish

Dominican peso
United States
Dollar
Danish Krone

Spanish
Papiamento
Dutch
English
Spanish
Spanish
Greenlandic

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Danish Realm
Grenada

St. George's

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Guadeloupe

Basse-Terre
Overseas department of
France

Euro

French

Guatemala

Guatemala City

Guatemalan
quetzal

Spanish

Haiti

Port-au-Prince

Haitian gourde

French

Honduras

Tegucigalpa

Honduran lempira Spanish

Jamaica

Kingston
Fort-de-France
Overseas department of
France

Jamaican Dollar

English

Euro

French

Mexico City

Mexican peso

Spanish

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

United States
Dollar

English

Martinique
Mexico
Montserrat

Navassa Island

Plymouth (official)
Brades (seat of government)
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom
Insular area of the United
States of America

Nicaragua

Managua

Panama

Panama City

Puerto Rico
Saba
Saint Barthlemy

San Juan
Insular area of the United
States of America
The Bottom
Special municipality of the
Netherlands
Gustavia
Overseas collectivity of
France

Saint Kitts and

Nevis

Basseterre

Saint Lucia

Castries

Nicaraguan
Spanish
cordoba
United States
Dollar
Spanish
Panamanian balboa
United States
Dollar

English
Spanish

United States
Dollar
Euro
East Caribbean
Dollar
East Caribbean
Dollar

French
English
English

Flag

Name
Saint Martin
Saint Pierre and
Miquelon
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
Sint Eustatius
Sint Maarten

Capital
Marigot
Overseas collectivity of
France
Saint-Pierre
Overseas collectivity of
France
Kingstown
Oranjestad
Special municipality of the
Netherlands
Philipsburg
Constituent country of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands

Currency

Official
language

Euro

French

Euro

French

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

United States
Dollar
Netherlands
Antillean guilder

Trinidad and
Tobago

Port of Spain

Trinidad and
Tobago Dollar

English

Turks and Caicos

Islands

Cockburn Town
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom

United States
Dollar

English

United States

Washington, D.C.

United States
Dollar

none

United States Virgin

Islands

Charlotte Amalie
Insular area of the United
States of America

United States
Dollar

English

South America
South America

17,840,000 km2

Area

(6,890,000 sq mi)
Population
387,489,196 (2011, 5th)
Pop. density
21.4 per km2 (56.0 per sq mi)
Countries
12 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-2 to UTC-5
Main articles: South America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South
America
See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas
Further information: Geography of South America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern
Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.[20][21]
It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean;
North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is formed by twelve sovereign
states - Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru,
Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela - the French Guiana, which is an overseas region of France,
and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this, the ABC islands of the
Netherlands may also be considered part of South America, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. The
South American states that border the Caribbean Sea Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname,
and French Guiana are also known as Caribbean South America.
South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population as
of 2005 has been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South America ranks fourth in area (after
Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North
America). The word America was coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemller and
Matthias Ringmann, after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the
lands newly discovered by Europeans were not India, but a New World unknown to Europeans.
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Argentina

Buenos Aires

Peso

Spanish

Bolivia

Sucre (official)
La Paz (seat of government)

Boliviano

Spanish
Quechua
Aymara

Brazil

Braslia

Real

Portuguese

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Chile

Santiago

Peso

Spanish

Colombia

Bogot

Peso

Spanish

Ecuador

Quito

United States dollar Spanish

Stanley
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom
Cayenne
French Guiana
Overseas department of France
Falkland
Islands

Falkland Islands
pound

English

Euro

French

Guyana

Georgetown

Guyanese dollar

English

Paraguay

Asuncin

Guaran

Spanish
Guaran

Peru

Lima

Nuevo sol

Spanish

Suriname

Paramaribo

Surinamese dollar

Dutch

Uruguay

Montevideo

Uruguayan peso

Spanish

Venezuela

Caracas

Bolvar fuerte

Spanish

Oceania
Oceania

Geopolitical Oceania
Area
8,560,000 km2

(3,310,000 sq mi)
Population
38,304,000 (2013, 5th)
Pop. density
4.47 per km2 (11.57 per sq mi)
Countries
14 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-2 to UTC-5
Main articles: Oceania and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania
See also: Australia (continent) and Pacific Islands
Further information: Geography of Oceania
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical data such
as area, population, and population density, see here.
Australia (UK /on/ or /osn/;[22] US /oini/)[23] is a region centered on the
islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean.[24] Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from the
coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South Pacific (ethnologically divided into the subregions
of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia)[25] to the entire insular region between Asia and the
Americas, including Australasia and the Maritime Southeast Asia.The term is sometimes used
more specifically to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate islands,[26][27][28][29] or
biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia)
or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand[30]
or from mainland New Guinea).[31]
Flag

Name
American
Samoa

Capital
Pago Pago
Insular area of the United
States of America

Ashmore and
Cartier Islands
External

territory of
Australia
Australia
Canberra
Baker Island
Cook Islands
Coral Sea
Islands

Currency
United States dollar

Official
language
English
Samoan

Australian dollar
Insular area of the United
States of America

Avarua
Self-governing parliamentary New Zealand dollar
democracy in free association Cook Islands dollar
with New Zealand
External territory of

Australia

None[c]

English
Cook
Islands
Mori

Flag

Name
Fiji
French
Polynesia
Guam

Capital
Suva
Papeete
Overseas collectivity of
France
Hagta

Howland Island
Jarvis Island

Johnston Atoll
Kingman Reef
Kiribati
Marshall
Islands

South Tarawa

Micronesia

Palikir

Midway Atoll

Currency

Official
language

Fijian dollar
CFP Franc

French

Insular area of the United

States of America
Insular area of the United
States of America
Insular area of the United
States of America
Insular area of the United
States of America
Insular area of the United
States of America

Majuro

Yaren (seat of government)

Nouma
Sui generis collectivity
New Caledonia
(special collectivity) of
France

Insular area of the United

States of America

Nauru

New Zealand

Niue

Wellington

Alofi

Norfolk Island Kingston

Northern
Mariana
Islands

Saipan

Palau

Ngerulmud

CFP Franc

French

New Zealand Dollar

Maori
New
Zealand
Sign
English

Self-governing
parliamentary democracy in
free association with New
Zealand
Self-governing territory of
Australia
Insular area of the United
States of America

Flag

Name

Capital

Palmyra Atoll

Papua New
Guinea

Port Moresby

Pitcairn Islands Adamstown

Samoa
Solomon
Islands

Currency
Insular area of the United
States of America

Overseas territory of the

United Kingdom

Apia
Honiara

Tonga

Nukunonu (main settlement,

Dependent territory of New
although each atoll has its
Zealand
own administrative centre)
Nukualofa

Tuvalu

Funafuti

Vanuatu

Port Vila

Tokelau

Wake Island
Wallis and
Futuna

Official
language

Insular area of the United

States of America
Mata-Utu
Overseas collectivity of
France

Antarctica
Antarctica

Area 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi)[32]

Vanuatu vatu

Bislama
French
English

United States dollar

CFP Franc

French

Main article: Antarctica

Further information: Geography of Antarctica
Antarctica ( i/ntrtk/ or /ntrktk/)[d] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the
geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost
entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0
million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North
America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia.
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average
elevation of all the continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of
only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland.[36] The temperature in Antarctica has
reached 89 C (129 F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to
5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent.
Only cold-adapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for example
mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants, and protista.
Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to
antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have occurred in
1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on
Vostok and Mirny. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th
century because of its hostile environment, lack of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic Treaty
was signed in 1959 by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries have signed the treaty. The treaty
prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste
disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing experiments
are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice
shelves south of 60S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the
following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:

Argentina: Argentine Antarctica

Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory

Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial)

Chile: Antrtica

France: Adlie Land

New Zealand: Ross Dependency

Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land

United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory

(Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)

Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region:
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
Language

Bouvet Island
Dependent territory of
Norway

French Southern
Territories

Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands)

Port-aux-Franais (Kerguelen
Islands)
Euro
Martin-de-Vivis (Saint Paul
and Amsterdam Islands)
Overseas territory of France

French

Heard Island and

McDonald Islands
External territory of
Australia

South Georgia and the

South Sandwich Islands

King Edward Point

Pound
Overseas territory of the United
sterling
Kingdom

English