Cementing Standard 24585

World Wide Drilling
WORLDWIDE DRILLING
CEMENTING STANDARD
WWD 024
Rev No.
Issue Date
Reason for and Description of change
08Feb2011
Initial release
Next Review Date:
February 2013
ORIG
Mike
Bloom
Review Period:
2 years
PRINTED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE UNCONTOLLED
CHECKER APPROVER
Charlie
John
Whitson
Stobart
BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM (AMERICAS)

WORLD WIDE DRILLING
Worldwide Drilling Cementing Standard
Document No.: WWD 024
Rev.: 0
Issue Date: 02/08/2011
BHP Disclaimer
2006 BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd: This document and information contained in it is the sole
property of BHP Billiton Pty Ltd and may not be exploited, used, copied, duplicated or reproduced in
any form or medium whatsoever without prior permission of BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd.
All information, data, specifications, drawings, reports, accounts or other documents and things made
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licensed to BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd. The same may not be exploited, used, copied, duplicated
or reproduced in any medium or form whatsoever except with the prior approval of BHP Billiton
Petroleum Pty Ltd.
Approved By:
Signature On File
John Stobart
Worldwide Drilling Manager
Date: 08 February 2011
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Contents
1.0
1.1
1.2
DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................ 5

Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 5
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1
CEMENT SLURRY DESIGN, TESTING AND SAMPLING .......................................................... 8

Design and Testing Guidelines .................................................................................................. 8
2.0
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.2
Cement and Additive Quality Control....................................................................................... 10

2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.3
Slurry Volume: Top of Cement.......................................................................................................10

Density ...........................................................................................................................................11
Rheology ........................................................................................................................................11
Free Fluid .......................................................................................................................................11
Fluid Loss .......................................................................................................................................11
Thickening Time .............................................................................................................................12
Ultrasonic Compressive Strength...................................................................................................12
Nitrified systems (Foam Cement)...................................................................................................13
SLURRY AND SPACER DESIGN ISSUES ............................................................................... 14

3.1 Slurry Design Issues ................................................................................................................ 14
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2
Cement Spacer and Mud Compatibility..........................................................................................14

BHST and BHCT Accuracy, Prediction, and Real-time Acquisition...............................................14
Temperature Determination ...........................................................................................................14
Spacer Design Issues .............................................................................................................. 15

3.2.1
3.2.2
4.0
Dry Cement (API Required) and Additive Quality Control Requirements......................................10

Cement Additive Quality Control Requirements ............................................................................10
Slurry Quality Control Requirements..............................................................................................10
Cement Slurry Design.............................................................................................................. 10

2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.3.7
2.3.8
3.0
Pilot Test / Pilot Blend ......................................................................................................................8

Field Sampling Requirements ..........................................................................................................8
Blended Cements.............................................................................................................................8
Use of Viscosified or Weighted Spacers ........................................................................................15

Use of Light Spacers and Water Flushes.......................................................................................15
JOB PLANNING......................................................................................................................... 16
4.1 Cement Job Design Checklist.................................................................................................. 17
4.2 Cement Job Planning Checklists ............................................................................................. 18
4.3 Best Practices .......................................................................................................................... 19
4.4 Calculation and Displacement Volumes .................................................................................. 20
4.5 Primary Cement Jobs .............................................................................................................. 21
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.6
4.7
Liner Cementing....................................................................................................................... 22
Remedial Cementing Considerations ...................................................................................... 23
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.8
Conductor.......................................................................................................................................21
Intermediate Long String................................................................................................................21
Tieback...........................................................................................................................................22
Slurry Design Considerations.........................................................................................................24

Operations......................................................................................................................................25
Plug Setting Best Practices...................................................................................................... 25

4.8.1
4.8.2
4.8.3
Office Plug Job Planning Checklist ................................................................................................25

Planning Phase ..............................................................................................................................26
Operations Phase...........................................................................................................................28
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4.8.4
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Plug Mixing and Placement Procedures ........................................................................................28
5.0
RIG OPERATIONS CHECKLIST ............................................................................................... 31
6.0
DOWNHOLE CEMENTING EQUIPMENT SELECTION CRITERIA .......................................... 33

6.1 Guide Shoe Selection .............................................................................................................. 33
6.2 Float Equipment Selection ....................................................................................................... 34
6.3 Plug and Dart Set Selection..................................................................................................... 35
6.4 Centralizer Selection................................................................................................................ 36
7.0
DATA RECORDING AND REPORTING.................................................................................... 37

7.1 Laboratory Reporting ............................................................................................................... 37
7.2 Field and Post Job Reporting................................................................................................... 37
7.3 BHPB Requirements for Writing and Recording Cementing Operations ................................. 37
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.4
7.5
Primary Cement Job.......................................................................................................................38

Remedial Cement Job....................................................................................................................39
Plug Cement job.............................................................................................................................39
Third Party Cement Job Reporting Requirements ................................................................... 41

Final Graphical Job Report from CCE ..................................................................................... 42
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1.0
DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
1.1
Definitions
Rev.: 0
The definitions below provide guidance on the meaning and importance of commonly used
terms within this standard.
1.2
Shall or must is defined as a mandatory requirement.

Should is defined as a guideline which is strongly recommended.
May is defined as a guideline which is to be considered.
Warnings are defined as essential information related to potentially hazardous conditions,
procedures and / or practices which, if not strictly followed or observed, could result in
serious injury or death to personnel and / or catastrophic damage to equipment.
Cautions are defined as essential information related to potentially hazardous conditions,
procedures and / or practices which, if not followed or observed, could result in damage to
equipment or material.
Notes are defined as essential or useful information related to conditions, procedures,
practices, and / or equipment. Such notes are intended to provide clarification of a specific
portion of the standard.
Acronyms
Table 1.1 provides a list of acronyms used in this standard and their meaning.
Table 1.1
Acronyms
Term
Definition
APB
Annular pressure build-up
API
American Petroleum Institute
BHPB
BHA
BHP Billiton
Bottom-hole assembly
BHCT
Bottom-hole circulating temperature
BHLT
Bottom-hole logging temperature
BHST
Bottom-hole static temperature
BOP
Blowout preventer
BWOC
CCE
by weight of cement
Cementing Company Engineer
CF
Correction factor
C/K
Choke and kill
CSGS
DE
DES
Critical Static Gel Strength

Drilling Engineer
Drilling Engineering Supervisor
DH
Downhole
DLS
Dog leg severity
DOH
Diameter open hole

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Table 1.1
Acronyms
Term
Definition
DP
Drillpipe
DS
Drilling Superintendent
DSV
Drilling Supervisor
ECD
Equivalent circulating density
FCP
Fracture closure point
FG
Fracture gradient
GS
Guide shoe
IADC
ISO
International Association of Drilling Contractors

International Organization of Standards
ITDC
Instructions to the Drilling Contractor
KOP
Kick-off plug
LAS
Liquid additive system
LCM
Lost circulation material
LWD
Logging while drilling
MD
Measured depth
MOC
Management of Change
MW
Mud weight
MWD
Measurement while drilling
OBM
Oil-based mud
OBP
Overbalance pressure
OE
Operations Engineer
OEDP
Open ended drillpipe
OH
Open hole
OHE
Open Hole Excess
P&A
Plug and Abandon
PBR
Polished-bore receptacle
PDC
Polycrystalline diamond composite
PDE
Project Drilling Engineer
PE
Professional Engineer
POOH
Pull out of hole
PP
Pore pressure
PVF
Packing volume fraction
ROP
Rate of penetration
RPM
Revolutions per minute

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Table 1.1
Acronyms
Term
Definition
RTTS
Retrievable test treater squeeze
SBM
Synthetic-based mud
SDE
Senior Drilling Engineer
SWF
Shallow water flow
TD
Total depth
TOC
Top of cement
TOL
Top of liner
TVD
Total vertical depth
UCA
Ultrasonic cement analyzer
WH
Wellhead
W/L
Wireline
WOB
Weight on bit
WOC
Waiting on cement
WWD
Worldwide Drilling
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2.0
CEMENT SLURRY DESIGN, TESTING AND SAMPLING
2.1
Design and Testing Guidelines
2.1.1 Pilot Test / Pilot Blend

Slurry design and pilot testing shall be completed during the planning phase for any well type
(i.e., Exploration / Appraisal, Development, etc). If slurry designs are modified (based on
experience), full pilot testing of the new design is required.
Logistical and job planning should be based on pilot testing.
The cement slurry design determined from pilot testing shall be retested using the field blend
prior to the job. The field blend will be tested using the actual well bottom-hole static
temperature (BHST) and bottom-hole circulating temperature (BHCT) estimate from the cement
service companys simulation software. These test results will be the definitive test data for the
job.
No cement shall be mixed or pumped downhole until final testing using the field blend is
complete. The results have been approved by the Drilling Superintendent (DS) and, the final
slurry results have been sent to the rig.
2.1.2 Field Sampling Requirements

Samples must be taken of each material on the rig to be used for the job. Two sets of samples
are required in case a third party laboratory is utilized to confirm test results. All samples should
be taken at the same time so that the testing is comparable. Required sample volumes are
listed below.
Cement - Two sample bags, roughly 20 lb of cement in each; 40 lb to each lab.

Barite (for spacer) - One cement sample bag, roughly 20 lb, to each lab.
Fluids - Drill water, Seawater, Mud - 2 gal each to each lab.
Liquid Additives - 1 qt to each lab.
Dry Additives - 1 qt to each lab.
Mix water from job - no less than 1 qt to each lab, or 10% of the total number of 10-bbl tubs
required for the job (i.e., 20 tubs = 2 qt to each lab)
All samples should be labeled with:
Additive name
Date sample taken
Location: rig name, bulk plant
Location taken: tank number, silo number
Lot or batch number of material
Job Type, if applicable
Well name and number
2.1.3 Blended Cements

To ensure proper blending of cements (e.g., DEEPCrete, LITE Crete, FLEXStone), the cement
service company should have a detailed quality plan prepared and verified by the Drilling
Engineer (DE).
When sampling blended cement systems (e.g., LITEcrete), it is important to receive a
representative sample of the blend with all components. The rig should be fitted with a triangletype sample catcher (Figure 2.1) so that samples can be taken from the full cross section of the
blend transfer.
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The sampler should be placed on the cement receiving line sufficiently distant from any elbows
so that the material is flowing uniformly through it. The sample catcher will be used when the rig
receives material.
WARNING
The sampling of cement and cement blends via a 1 in or 2 in
coupling and ball valve shall not be done. It presents not only a
safety hazard to the person taking the sample but also will usually
give an incorrect sample of blended cement. This is particularly
true when blend components have a large difference in particle
size or specific gravity.
Procedures and equipment necessary to clean and inspect the rig storage silos must be
reviewed for completeness to avoid contamination of material. Documentation, including digital
pictures, should be kept when the silos are cleaned or inspected.
Figure 2.1
Automated Diverted Flow Sampler
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2.2
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Cement and Additive Quality Control
2.2.1 Dry Cement (API Required) and Additive Quality Control Requirements
All oilfield cements shall undergo quality control analysis in accordance with API 10A
(ISO 10426-1:2000). (API American Petroleum Institute, ISO International Organization for
Standards)
2.2.2 Cement Additive Quality Control Requirements

All slurry additives, both dry and liquid, shall undergo a quality control regimen to ensure
uniformity and desired performance in accordance with supplier specifications. This process will
consist of both physical and chemical analysis of the additive. All characteristics must fall within
acceptable ranges from the expected values provided by the supplier.
2.2.3 Slurry Quality Control Requirements

All slurry properties shall be tested in accordance with the methods described in API RP10B-2.
These methods are replicated in ISO section 10426-2.
The following tests shall be run on all slurries:
Rheology
o Surface Rheology
o Downhole Rheology
o Downhole Gel Strengths (10 sec/10 min)
Free Fluid
Fluid Loss on Fluid Loss Control Slurries only.
Thickening Time
o The tailored method is preferred where possible. (simulates downhole / actual placement
parameters)
Compressive Strength Analysis
o Either Crush or Non-Destructive Method.
Static Gel Strength Analysis (Transition Time) shall be run on all slurries which may be
exposed to flow zones to analyze their static gel strength development.
If previous compatibility testing data is not available, compatibility tests should be completed on
mud / spacer / cement.
The following additional tests shall be run in critical cementing applications:
Sedimentation Testing
Foamed Cement Systems: Reference API RP10B-4.
2.3
Cement Slurry Design
2.3.1 Slurry Volume: Top of Cement
Minimum top of cement (TOC) must be per WWD 007.

Volume Considerations:
o Legal requirements (local regulations)
o Hole geometry (% excess)
o Geological
Fracture gradient (FG) limitations
Anticipated loss zones
Zones requiring isolation (sands / water)
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2.3.2 Density
Minimum density
o Average density of slurry should be a minimum of 1 ppg greater than the downhole mud
weight (MW) at time of cement job.
Density Considerations:
o FG limitations.
o Required compressive strength (neat slurries tend to gain compressive strength with an
increase in density).
o Density hierarchy between cement, spacer, and mud (minimum of 10% differential when
possible).
2.3.3 Rheology
Surface Rheology - provides an understanding of mixability.

o All slurries should be stable and mixable on surface.
Downhole Rheology - provides an understanding of mud removal efficiency.
o All slurries should be stable and maintain a downhole rheological hierarchy.
Rheology Considerations:
o Rheological hierarchy
Should be controlled to ensure displacing fluids are thicker than displaced fluids
(cement / spacer / mud).
o Equivalent circulation density (ECD) constraints
o Gel strength
2.3.4 Free Fluid
Low Free Fluid is critical in:

o Deviated hole sections
o Cased-hole cementing
o Hole sections with potential flow zones
Free Fluid Considerations:
o Excessive free fluid is an indicator of slurry instability and channeling in highly deviated
wells.
o Reduction in free fluid is possible through:
Optimization of packing volume fraction (PVF)
Increase slurry density

Addition of viscosifying agents
2.3.5 Fluid Loss
Fluid Loss - indicates associated risks with dehydrating a slurry.

o No Fluid Loss Control Slurries - do not contain fluid loss controlling agents.
o Fluid Loss Control Slurries - can be achieved through the addition of fluid loss controlling
agents.
Fluid Loss Considerations:
o Fluid loss mitigation of less than 100 ml/30 min should be applied in all open hole (OH)
sections.
o Fluid loss mitigation should be considered for the following cementing operations at or
below the corresponding levels:
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All top-hole sections (100 ml/30 min), (Note: 50 ml/30 min if shallow water flow (SWF)
risk is greater than low).
All production strings (50 ml/30 min).
Across any sands of unknown pore pressure (PP) (50 ml/30 min).
Across any hydrocarbon containing sands (50 ml/30 min).
Squeeze cementing where packing off is undesirable (100 ml/30 min).
Fluid loss mitigation is not required where risk of slurry dehydration is known to be nonexistent (e.g., cased hole).
2.3.6 Thickening Time
Thickening Time - is the length of time from initial slurry preparation to the time when a
slurry is no longer pumpable. The industry accepted identification of this point is 70 Bc
reading on a consistometer.
Placement Time - is the total time from initial slurry preparation until end of job placement. It
should include anticipated pumping rates of all fluids as well as any incorporated pauses in
the pump schedule (e.g., Dropping a dart, Pulling Drillpipe out of a plug).
Minimum Thickening Time - should exceed placement time by 2:00 hr:min for jobs with less
than 4:00 hr:min placement time, or it should exceed 1.5 x placement time for jobs greater
than 4:00 hr:min placement time.
Thickening Time Considerations:
o Downhole conditions (static and dynamic)
o Set profile
o False set (gel set)
2.3.7 Ultrasonic Compressive Strength
Final Compressive Strength - is the ultimate compressive strength a system will develop.
Compressive Strength Considerations:
o If designing a kick-off plug (KOP), final compressive strength should be higher than the
formation in which it is placed.
o Above 230F, neat cement will undergo compressive strength retrogression.
A minimum of 35% by weight of cement (BWOC) silica is required in order to mitigate
this risk.
o Static Gel Strength Analysis - determines when a cement column becomes selfsupporting. It indicates when the cement column is no longer transmitting hydrostatic
pressure.
Critical static gel strength (CSGS) should be calculated for all slurries exposed to
potential flow zones using formula (1).
CSGS = OBP x 300 x Deff / L
where:
Deff = DOH - DCASING
L = Length of annular cement column
300 is a conversion factor
OBP = Hydrostatic overbalance pressure (after cement placement)
DOH = Diameter open hole
DCASING Diameter casing
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A transition time of less than 00:45 hr:min from CSGS to 500 lb/100 ft2 indicates good
gel transition and appropriate mitigation of flow zones.
Compressive Strength - governs the time to waiting on cement (WOC) before testing /
drilling out a cement shoe / side tracking off a plug. WOC time must be greater than the
time it takes for a cement system to achieve 500 psi compressive strength.
2.3.8 Nitrified systems (Foam Cement)
Nitrified systems shall not be used on any cement job once the blowout preventer (BOP) is
installed on the well unless a Management of Change (MOC) is approved by the local
Drilling Manager.
Nitrified systems should have a downhole (DH) foam quality (%N2 by volume of nitrified
system) no greater than 50%.
Nitrified densities should be tailored to PP curves and insure an overbalance of PAD MW +
0.50 ppg.
Base density of the nitrified slurry is determined through optimization of foam quality, MW,
and final compressive strength.
Nitrified slurries should be determined stable, in accordance with API Nitrified Foam Stability
testing.
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3.0
SLURRY AND SPACER DESIGN ISSUES
3.1
Slurry Design Issues
3.1.1 Cement Spacer and Mud Compatibility

Slurry, spacer pilot, and sensitivity testing should be done before using lab blends and should
address the following:
Effect of contamination of cement with spacer and / or mud, (i.e., confirm that slurry
thickening time is not affected by small amounts of contamination).
o Recommend conducting tests with 5% and 25% contamination.
Compatibility of spacer with mud and cement (i.e., no undesirable rheologies at the
interface).
o Recommend testing rheology with 5% and 25% contamination.
Sensitivity of slurry thickening time to higher and lower BHST and BHCT than predicted.
o Recommend conducting tests at 15F higher and lower BHST and BHCT than predicted.
Sensitivity of slurry thickening time to higher and lower concentrations of retarder.
o Recommend conducting tests with 10% more and less retarder.
3.1.2 BHST and BHCT Accuracy, Prediction, and Real-time Acquisition

The accuracy of the temperature in which the cement will be set is critical to the cement slurry
design and must be accurately estimated based on BHST and BHCT.
Do not use data from Logging while drilling (LWD) for BHST estimation or BHCT. The LWD
data can be inaccurate due to frictional effects and heat generated within the tool. However,
the initial pump-up temperature can be utilized after tripping in the hole and prior to
establishing circulation to help determine if the temperature modeling is within the expected
band width for temperature prediction.
If the initial pump-up temperature is utilized, shift the temperature profile to start at the
pump-up temperature and, if possible, check this against wireline (W/L) log, if available.
This will most likely be necessary only on exploration wells where the temperature prediction
does not have the accuracy of a field that has been drilled with a history.
3.1.3 Temperature Determination

3.1.3.1 BHST determination
For jobs where the well has been wireline logged the temperature measurement from the
wireline log should be used for final slurry testing prior to the job using Field Blend.
CAUTION
Measurement while drilling (MWD) / LWD temperature data
should not be used to determine BHST because it is not reliable
due to frictional effects and heat generated within the tool. See
Section 3.1.2 for caveat.
The bottom hole logging temperature (BHLT) will be lower than BHST. The BHLT will approach
the BHST when the well has not been circulated for a long period of time. If temperature data is
available from more than one log, a Horner Plot analysis may be used to determine actual
BHST.
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If only one logging run is made, one of the correction factors in Table 3.1 should be used:
Table 3.1
BHST Determination
BHST = BHLT x CF
Time Period
(hr)
Correction Factor
(CF)
BHLT < 13
1.15
13 < BHLT < 24
1.14 - 1.03
13 hr = 1.14,
14 hr = 1.13,
15 hr = 1.12, etc.
24 < BHLT < 49
1.02
BHLT > 49
1.00
The BHST to be used in the final cementing design shall be reviewed and approved by the
Senior Drilling Engineer (SDE) and cementing service company.
3.1.3.2 BHCT determination
BHCT will be determined using the approved BHST and the latest cement service companys
software for temperature simulation. This applies to all cement jobs.
The following procedures should be followed:
3.2
Unless stated otherwise, all temperature simulations should assume no pre-job circulation is
performed.
Cement slurry design should be based on expected BHCT (from temperature simulation).
No extrapolations should be made for purposes of job execution.
Spacer Design Issues
3.2.1 Use of Viscosified or Weighted Spacers

Only use viscosified / weighted spacers to prevent fingering of fluid interfaces and to minimize
the overall contamination of the plug.
Perform pilot testing to check for barite settling. Barite settling is possible if pre-flushes
(water or chemical wash type) are used with higher MWs, especially in deviated wells with
tight clearances.
When using synthetic-based mud (SBM) or oil-based mud (OBM), isolate the spacer
containing surfactant from the spacer and cement interface (e.g., 50 bbl spacer with
surfactant; 30 bbl spacer without surfactant; and then cement 10 bbl spacer without
surfactant).
3.2.2 Use of Light Spacers and Water Flushes

The single biggest concern utilizing light spacers and water flushes is the loss of overbalance to
formation pressure and inducing a well control incident.
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JOB PLANNING
The following steps outline the development and review of the cementing program.
1. The DE and Cementing Company Engineer (CCE) should discuss all the elements in the
Cement Job Design Checklist prior to and for all cement jobs. Table 4.1 shows an example
checklist with details.
o This key document defines job objectives, critical design information, and job planning.
2. The CCE should plan and prepare a cementing program:
o A cement modeling software package should be used for all slurry and placement
design.
o The cementing program should include spacer volumes, pump rates, etc., and the output
for centralization modeling.
3. The CCE and DE shall revise the cementing program based on any new well data such as
surveys, logs, caliper, fluid weights, and / or changed drilling conditions.
4. The DE prepares the cementing program and reviews the program with the Drilling
Engineering Supervisor (DES) and DS.
5. The DE should then, as part of the overall design verification package, send the cementing
program to the Professional Engineer (PE) (e.g., Blade Engineering) for review and
signature.
6. The DE should send the cementing program, with the PE signature, to the ES, DS and the
DM for review and signature.
7. Only the DS should send the cementing program to the BHP Drilling Supervisor (DSV) on
the rig.
8. All relevant rig personnel should review the cement program for all cement jobs prior to the
job.
The final cement program shall be rigorously followed. The DS, DSV, ES and CCE shall be
informed of any changes in the plans and objectives. It is imperative the office, cement service
company, and rig agree on what is to be pumped and how.
NOTE
Any deviations from the cement program should be discussed and
agreed in advance with the DS including spacer volumes,
leaving out centralizers, not rotating, etc. The standard WWD
Management of Change (MOC) process via EQIP (internal BHPB
application) must be completed prior to implementing changes.
The MOC should be sent to the PE for any relevant changes.
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4.1
Rev.: 0
Cement Job Design Checklist

Table 4.1
Cement Job Design Checklist
Key Well Information
Well Name
Rig Name
Job Objectives
Required Shoe LOT
ppg
Zonal Isolation Requirements?
Provide depths and formation names
Other Requirements?
e.g., structural integrity
Desired Top of Cement
ft
Job Specific Information
Casing
in
Job Type
e.g., surface casing, production casing, drilling liner
Previous Casing OD/ID
in
Previous Casing Shoe MD (measured depth)
ft
Previous Casing Shoe TVD (total vertical depth)
ft
Previous Shoe FG
ppg
Minimum FG in open hole and depth
ppg
Minimum PP in open hole and depth
ppg / ft
Maximum PP in open hole and depth
ppg / ft
Hole Size
in
e.g., Clastics from shoe to xxxx ft,
Salt to total depth (TD)
Open Hole General Lithology

Casing ID
in
Casing Shoe MD
ft
Casing Shoe TVD
ft
Rathole below shoe
ft
Shoe track length
ft
Casing Centralization
include type and spacing or depths
Estimated BHST
Estimated BHCT
Basis Of Temperature Estimates
e.g., offset well logs, LWD, etc.
Mud Type
Anticipated Mud Weight (min / max)
Anticipated Mud Rheology
ppg
PV / YP
Minimum Hole Inclination and Depth
(degrees)
Maximum Hole Inclination and Depth
(degrees)
Basis for Cement Volume

Required casing test pressure on plug bump
Anticipated Well Problems
e.g., gauge hole + 35% excess, four arm caliper + 10%

psi
to determine required pressure rating of cement head,

lines, plugs, etc.
e.g., losses in xxxx formation at approximately xxxx ft
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4.2
Rev.: 0
Cement Job Planning Checklists

Clearly define the objectives of the cement job being designed.
Evaluate planned TOC vs. temperature gradient to determine if more than a single stage
cement slurry design is required (10 fluctuation is allowed).
Confirm compatibility testing has been completed between the mud system and cement
spacers to be utilized.
Utilize contamination testing to verify importance of mechanical separation during cement
placement or to modify cement volumes to minimize contamination and achieve good
cement bond for formation isolation.
Identify permeable hydrocarbon bearing or over-pressured water bearing zones that must
be isolated by cement per WWD 007.
Consider plug and abandon (P&A) requirements during the life cycle of the well (Exploration,
Appraisal, and Development). Reference WWD 007, Well Integrity Standard.
Determine if primary cement job will achieve required isolation based on cement service
companys hydraulic modeling.
Verify open hole ID for cement volume calculations (OH W/L Caliper, fluid pill or QTEC
estimated hole ID) or utilize %OHE to ensure proper coverage and minimization of
contamination.
Determine if sealed annuli will be acceptable (i.e., cement into previous shoe) for the well
type and well life (Exploration, Appraisal, and Development).
Determine centralization requirements to ensure adequate standoff to guarantee 100%
cement sheath coverage around the shoe as well as those formations which require
isolation:
o Exploration and Appraisal (well expendable) 75% standoff at the shoe only P&A risks
are greater.
o Development and Appraisal (completion / keeper) 75% standoff from shoe through
formations that require isolation per BHPB WWD 007, Well Integrity Standard.
Verify that buoyant forces produced from pumping heavy spacer and cement slurry do not
cause the string to float out of the well. This is more of an issue on larger casing sizes (>18
in), but should be considered during cement planning.
Ensure the fluid densities in and out are equal and the well is stable prior to commencing
cementing activities.
Consider utilizing a fibrous lost circulation material (LCM) material in the spacer if software
modeling predicts losses (fibrous LCM material can be added to the cement slurry as well).
Use a minimum of two float valves in each string to be cemented. These two valves may be
contained in the same float collar, provided they are not actuated by some mechanical
means (ball drop, flow rate, etc.). In the case of auto-fill float equipment that requires
conversion, a minimum of two independent float collars shall be run. A single valve float
shoe / collar is acceptable as long as at least two are run.
Design and model spacer density and rheology to ensure effective mud removal.
Utilize, if possible, a lead and follow plug design to ensure good fluid separation.
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Utilize a plug system (capable of wiping both sizes of pipe being cemented) for cementing of
tapered casing / liner strings.
Use a liquid additive system to ensure accurate, controlled quantities of chemicals are
added to the mix tub.
Specify water quality used for mix water.
If using % excess as opposed to having hole caliper information, calculate the TOC, using
gauge hole and model ECD, to ensure the formation will not break down. Similarly,
calculate hydrostatic pressure to ensure casing (or weak components in string) will not
collapse. Remember to include the effects of spacer in the calculations.
Ensure cement grind allows for fluffing and will not settle out the different particle sizes when
fluffing cement in p-tanks.
Do not drill out the cement until the final Ultrasonic cement analyzers (UCA) chart shows a
compressive strength of 500 psi. The UCA chart is from the cement lab testing performed
with field samples.
Drift all casing and ensure no scale or debris is present.
Drift all tubulars (landing string, cross overs (XOs), cement head, TIW) to at least 1/16 in
greater than the hard nose OD of the drillpipe plug.
Ensure the lead pump-down plug is dropped prior to the follow plug if using a lead / follow
plug system with drillpipe darts to latch into subsea plugs or liner plugs (lead plug usually
have a smaller nose OD).
BHPB DSV and, or Operations Engineer shall witness the loading of all cement plugs or
drillpipe plugs to be loaded into the cementing head and verify the correct types are used for
the job.
Thread lock all connections in the shoe track plus the first two connections above the top
cementing / landing collar to ensure backed off does not occur while drilling out the shoe
track.
Clear communication should be established between the cement unit and the rig floor. The
communication system should be tested prior to commencing cementing operations.
4.3
Best Practices
Establish circulation at a low rate, increasing in stages to a rate between the minimum and
maximum rates specified in the cement design. If losses are tolerable (dependent on mud
available on the rig) circulate at least one hole volume prior to cementing to confirm mud
rheology is acceptable.
Use two plugs wherever possible. Monitor real-time data for shear of bottom plug for better
control of volumes and pump efficiencies.
Minimize time required to drop the top wiper plug. Close line to cement unit while dropping
top plug to avoid pulling fluid from the unit due to U-tubing.
Ensure mud is thinned and conditioned prior to cementing per the pre-job modeling. If the
mud condition / properties cannot be modified to similar properties initially modeled due to
hole conditions, then re-run the cement service companys simulation software to ensure the
cement job can meet the required job objectives.
Mix cement at correct density, even if the pump rate has to be reduced to maintain good
mixing properties.
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Drop bottom cement plug after some spacer has been pumped (volume dependent on job
details such as cement and spacer densities, spacer volume, etc.).
Continue to follow the planned pumping schedule and cementing program if returns are lost
during the cement job, unless well control dictates otherwise. Refer to cement service
companys modeling prediction for job design for U-tubing.
If floats are not holding, do not allow cement to flow back. This may create a void area near
the casing shoe.
Use rotating liner hangers whenever possible. The decision to rotate while circulating or
cementing should be made on a case by case basis. Consider hole conditions, (e.g., if
there is evidence of fill) it may be inadvisable to rotate liner due to the risk of lifting cavings
or cuttings which might pack off at the liner hanger.
o If the decision is made to rotate, then the liner should be rotated throughout cement job.
Torque simulations should be run prior to the job and sent to the rig.
Actual torque measurements should be taken throughout the job and used to refine
the model for future torque simulations.
NOTE
Torque will typically increase after the cement turns the corner.
4.4
Continue to rotate liner provided that torque does not exceed 80% of the make-up
torque of either the liner or the landing string using the torque simulation as a guide.
The maximum allowable torque should be calculated and agreed pre-job and
communicated to all relevant personnel.
Run cement service companys software simulations for all jobs to determine the most
efficient mud removal flow regime. Ensure the viscosity hierarchies for the cement spacer
and mud are adequate for proper mud removal and cement placement.
o Cement service companys software simulations should include ECD calculations which
are used to determining flow rate and for the cement placement regime. In practice,
cement should be displaced at the maximum possible rate while keeping the ECD below
frac pressure.
Run all Free Water tests at 45C. Run Separation tests on all production casings and liners.
If water loss additives are used, All Free Water tests on production systems should be
heated to downhole temperature and pressure on a consistometer prior to being put in a
graduated cylinder.
Calculation and Displacement Volumes
Always ID caliper 10% of the casing joints (10 jt minimum) on location. Calculate
displacement volume using the average capacity derived from the caliper results.
Calculate drillpipe volumes for each size / weight / grade of drillpipe in the landing string
using average tube length and ID, and average tool joint length and ID. Use book values for
tube ID as it is typically difficult to caliper this dimension accurately. Caliper approximately
10% of the joints on location to derive the average tube and tool joint lengths and tool joint
ID values.
Specify in the cementing program if the cementing unit or the rig pumps are used for
displacement.
Do not over displace cement by more than half the volume of the shoe track.
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Regardless of volumes anticipated, ensure the pits are isolated in such a way that all fluids
pumped and returned are completely isolated from one another and volumes for each are
accounted for before, during, and after the cement job. This is essential in case of loss of
prime on the pumps. A standard, rig specific volume control for mud pits and cement
displacement shall be in place prior to every cement job.
Slow pumps per the plug suppliers recommendation and pump a minimum of 10 bbl prior to
latch and shear of subsea or liner wiper plugs. Where latch and shear of the plugs is
observed, the displacement count should be re-zeroed to reduce displacement errors.
Consider reduction of displacements rates when launching, latching, and / or landing wiper
darts / plugs. Maximum displacement rates should be reviewed in reference to erosion of
float equipment and other jewelry.
When utilizing a compressible fluid (i.e., SBM) to displace a cement job, the DE and DSV
should consider the total additional volume required to pressure up to the specified bump
pressure in the CEL. This volume plus the line volume should be completely bled back to
the cement unit or a pit after the job is complete to confirm the floats are holding. Not taking
this volume into consideration may lead to misdiagnosis of the floats not holding. If the
bleed back volume due to compressibility is large, a staged bleed down is recommended.
This will help easily diagnose that it is either volume due compressibility (gradual decline in
pressure with each bleed off to zero) or the floats are not holding.
Primary Cement Jobs
4.5.1 Conductor
Pump enough volume to ensure cement returns to surface / mudline (this provides structural
support, ensures shallow water / oil / gas zones are isolated, and ensures fresh groundwater
aquifers remain uncontaminated).
o Pump a minimum of 100% excess volume to account for any washouts. If offset data
and hole conditions are known, volumes may be reduced while still ensuring returns to
surface / mudline.
o Dependent upon fracture gradients in the area, a light-weight slurry may have to be
utilized to ensure returns to surface.
Use ROV in subsea applications to monitor the well throughout the cement job.
The DE should consider the use of valves on the LPH outlets to reduce the risk of initiating
flow after the cement job. The valves, if utilized, should be closed immediately after the job
is complete.
Cement design must be a right-hand set slurry to ensure pressure is maintained on the
formation as the slurry sets up through its critical transition period (i.e., foam cement slurry in
which the nitrogen expands as hydrostatic pressure is reduced to maintain wellbore stability
and not allow channels and subsequent flow paths).
If permeable zones are present, consider using a fluid loss control additive to create a low
permeable barrier at the slurry and formation interface. This will help control shallow flows.
When planning a stab-in job, make sure the pump pressure does not spike as this could
collapse the casing.
4.5.2 Intermediate Long String
Ensure enough volume is pumped to guarantee a minimum annular length of cement above
any discrete permeable zone, consistent with WWD 007, Well Integrity Standard.
Ensure cement / spacer is not pumped above top of wellhead / mudline suspension hanger.
Best practice is to NOT open the wash ports in mudline suspension hanger. However, an
exception to this would be a surface wellhead system in which the wellhead may be drained
of excess cement and the seal area cleaned prior to setting the packoff.
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In subsea wells, it is recommended to plan for the TOC to be below the previous casing /
liner shoe. This allows any pressure build up to be bled off into the formation below the
shoe, mitigating annular pressure build-up (APB) concerns. This should be evaluated on a
case by case basis with a full risk analysis performed at the beginning of a development.
Confirm tensile capacities of all components in the string (including threads) and ensure the
additional load of bumping the plug does not exceed the capacity. This confirmation is
especially important for long strings.
4.5.3 Tieback
4.6
In the subsea wells, the TOC should take into consideration APB mitigation (volume and
type of fluid used), as well as salt creep (requiring concentrically cemented casing), if
applicable.
Use a minimum annular length of cement as a barrier to flow, consistent with WWD 007,
Well Integrity Standard.
Ensure cement / spacer is not pumped above top of wellhead / mudline hanger. Best
practice is to NOT open the wash ports in mudline hanger.
Model cement job (as per standard) paying close attention to ECD data generated. Ensure
no liner top or casing is subjected to pressures beyond their rating.
Use only a ported float collar in the shoe track to ensure the seals can be fully stabbed into
the polished-bore receptacle (PBR).
Utilize only non-latching plugs to ensure the plugs can move up when stabbing the seals.
Calculate the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus after completing the cement job to ensure
the pressure will not collapse when stabbing in the seal assembly.
Liner Cementing
Dual plug systems should be utilized for production liners.

Dual plugs may be used for long intermediate / drilling liners to minimize contamination.
Consider the potential for channeling above the liner top and mitigate.
There will be additional job placement time to set liner top packer, release running tool, and
circulate out.
o The job placement time should include time for an emergency release of the running
tool.
For short liners, where job volumes are small, plan one of the following:
o To bring cement into the liner lap, and 200 ft to 500 ft above the top of liner (TOL).
o To set the liner top packer, or close the annular, prior to performing the cement job and
increase the cement volume to ensure a competent shoe. Determine from cement
modeling the most likely location in the wellbore where fluids tend to collect (i.e., last
casing shoe, formation being isolated, fracture, etc).
When encountering weak formation and / or tight clearances, hydrocarbon zones near the
previous shoe may not be isolated with the primary job. For these situations, a top job or
liner top squeeze may be required and should be planned for.
Test liner top squeeze slurries recipes prior to performing the primary cement job
Take into account the hanger bypass area when performing hydraulic simulations. The
bypass area before and after setting the hanger may vary dramatically.
Two slurry systems for long liners may be required to achieve cement lift.
Ensure cement is tested at shoe and lap temperatures for long liners.
Perform retarder and temperature sensitivity tests if the job is nearing the limit of the retarder
predictability.
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If returns are brought up into the liner lap, develop plans for circulating out cement (reverse
or conventional) after setting the liner top packer, and develop plans for the management of
returns.
o Calculate in advance the circulating pressures required for reversing.
The minimum lap should be 500 ft if the liner lap is intended to be a cemented barrier for
long term isolation.
For cemented liner laps, the excess slurry above the liner top will increase the likelihood for
the placement of uncontaminated cement.
Centralize liner lap if planning for cement lap isolation.
Take into account APB modeling for producing wells when cementing the liner lap.
Consider requirements for future liner cut and pulls when bringing cement into the liner lap.
If liner hangers fail to hang, review cementing objectives and determine if liner should be set
on bottom then cemented, or held in place while WOC.
If an undereamed hole has been drilled, do not plan to run the shoe track into the pilot hole.
However, ensure enough liner is run to allow the casing to be hung off in the previous
casing 50 ft above the TOC found when drilling out the previous shoe. If the liner will be
placed in the pilot hole due to operational issues, ensure modeling is conducted prior to the
casing run to see if the primary cement job objective will be met.
Consider rotation during displacement where feasible, especially in deviated wells.
Remedial Cementing Considerations

How to perform the squeeze and injection tests should be considered with remedial cementing.
1. Squeeze Design Considerations:
Objective
o Repair primary cement job, perform squeeze, casing split, channel plugging, seal
annulus of liner top, P&A requirements, etc
Cement volume required
o Based on injection profile, pipe size, interval length, and excess cement requirements.
Squeeze method Running vs. Hesitation schedule
o Based on injection profile.
o Preliminary planning should be conducted to establish baseline pressure and volume
requirements which will help to initially determine the cement placement and retaining
technique (see below).
Define the maximum allowable pressure based on FG, casing condition, and
wellhead limitations.
Target final squeeze pressure which should be slightly higher than FG.
o Job should be monitored and modified based on actual field data.
Cement placement and retaining technique (i.e., Bradenhead vs. Bull Heading)
o Evaluate the following:
WOC time to develop 500 psi of compressive strength.
Retrievable cementing tools (i.e., CHAMP packer or retrievable test treater squeeze
[RTTS]) vs. drillable packer and setting device.
Weigh risks of cementing up retrievable systems.
2. Injection Test Design Considerations:
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Injection test can be performed with the existing wellbore configuration (if the preliminary
numbers show that the casing can take the required pressures to establish injection), or the test
can be performed once the mechanical device is installed in the wellbore.
DSV should ensure drill pipe frictions are established at 1/2 bpm, 1 bpm, 1-1/2 bpm , 2 bpm,
3 bpm, 4 bpm and 5 bpm prior to performing the injection test to accurately understand the
actual pressure required to inject. This is critical to understanding fracture initiation,
propagation and fracture closure pressure (FCP), or if FG is not being overcome and
injection at the formation or some weaker formation is occurring.
Apply some pressure down the annulus to monitor for pressure leaks from below the packer
if a mechanical device is being utilized. However, verify that the combined weight down and
pressure will not cause the packers slips to puncture the parent casing.
Injection profile will dictate squeeze type, method, volume, and slurry design. Table 4.2
provides go-bys (reference: R.L. White Associates, circa 2003).
Table 4.2
Injection Guidelines
Low Rate / Low Pressure
Low Rate / High Pressure

(low perm or restriction)
High Rate / Low Pressure

(Vacuum, loss zone, void)
High Rate / High Pressure
Loose Injection
Moderate Injection
Tight Injection
Low Pressure
Low or High Rate
Moderate Pressure
Low or Moderate Rate
High Pressure
Low Rate only
Large Volume Cement
Moderate Volume Cement
Small Volume Cement
*Two Slurry Design
One or two slurry design
One slurry design
Lead Slurry
200 ml to 400 ml fluid loss
2 hr pump time
Lead Slurry
150 ml to 250 ml fluid loss
2 hr pump time
Do not run lead slurry
Tail Slurry
100 ml or less fluid loss
3 hr to 4 hr pump time
Tail Slurry
Tail Slurry
6 bbl to 10 bbl slurry

for hesitating

for hesitating

for hesitating
Hesitation, maybe running

squeeze
Hesitation or running squeeze
Running, maybe hesitation

squeeze
Long first hesitation

40 min to 45 min
Long first hesitation

30 min
Short first hesitation

15 min to 20 min
*NOTE: LOOSE INJECTIONS AT OR NEAR THE EXTREME MAY REQUIRE A REACTANT PILL AS A PRE-FLUSH AHEAD OF
AND IN ADDITION TO THE LEAD SLURRY.
4.7.1 Slurry Design Considerations
Fluid Loss Control

o Low pressure / low permeability
100 ml to 200 ml/30 min

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o
o
o
o
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Low pressure / high permeability

50 ml to 100 ml/30 min
High pressure
200 ml to 500 ml/30 min
Loss zone or fracture bridging
300 ml to 800 ml/30 min
Fractured limestone or dolomite consider adding LCM material
NOTE
Consider placement technique since small ID(s) through running /
setting tools and packers may result in faster than desired
dehydration.
Dispersion
o Cracks or channels = Low YP
o Voids = High YP
Thickening Times: Sufficient to mix, pump, pull workstring, reverse excess, and squeeze
slurry away
Compressive Strength per primary cement slurry design whenever possible.
4.7.2 Operations
Bradenhead
o Prior to reaching stinger depth to set Balanced Plug, stop at planned depth to perform
squeeze and obtain friction pressure down drill pipe as recommended previously.
o Utilize cement plug setting best practices to place plug (see Plug Setting Best Practices).
Pull two to three stands above the TOC to ensure cement is below the stinger.
o Monitor the well above the BOP to ensure the rams or annular are not leaking while
performing the squeeze.
o Perform Hesitation cycles or Running Squeeze based on injection profile.
Bull Heading below a retainer (drillable or retrievable).
o Install retainer within 100 ft of the zone to be squeezed (minimize amount of drilling or
completion fluid below the retainer to reduce contamination risk).
o Ensure friction pressures are established per recommended procedure.
o Minimize cement contamination in the workstring via mechanical separation, or spacer
volume.
NOTE
Mechanical separation via ball catchers and hard rubber balls may
lead to more operational risk than just utilizing volume.
o
o
o
4.8
Utilize the BOP to control cement free fall while attempting to mechanically isolate below
the retainer whenever operationally possible.
Monitor well above the packer to insure the packer is not leaking.
Perform Hesitation cycles or Running Squeeze based on injection profile.
Plug Setting Best Practices
4.8.1 Office Plug Job Planning Checklist

Identify likely depths for cement plugs prior to spud. Conduct preliminary slurry design and
pilot testing to identify any design issues early enough to allow adequate time to find
solutions.
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Planning should address:

o Defining job objectives.
o Plug job design and spotting procedure.
o Risk of kick off failure on first attempt.
o Compare cost and risks of alternatives (cut window, mechanical whipstock, etc.).
Hold risk assessment prior to the job to identify potential problems and develop contingency
plans to address the identified problems.
Use cement service companys plug setting software to calculate plug balancing volumes
and displacement for tapered strings.
Cement plug procedures should address the following:
o Equipment requirements (e.g., tapered string, diverter sub, surface rig up, etc.).
o Mud conditioning and circulation procedure prior to cementing including pipe movement.
o Spacer and cement slurry recipe and volumes.
o Cement slurry mixing and pumping.
o Displacement pump rates and pipe movement during displacement.
o Procedures for pulling out of plug.
o Circulating and clearing pipe once above top of cement or spacer.
o WOC time.
4.8.2 Planning Phase

Review the following job specific details to design optimal cement slurry for the plug type and
setting conditions.
Identify the objective plug(s) being laid in the wellbore utilizing the criteria below:
Abandonment plug vs. sidetrack plug

o Design a specific plug type to address issues such as cement top depth, plug length,
plug quantity, and slurry design.
o Design sidetrack plugs with the highest compressive strength possible while still
adhering to the required additives.
o Follow local regulations on placement requirements and verification methods for
abandonment plugs (i.e., pressure testing, weight testing, etc.)
Open hole vs. cased hole
o Optimize additives (used to control fluid losses, gas migration, salt contamination, etc.)
according to the formation the plug will be set across. If using an open hole plug, slurry
design will be highly dependent on exposed formations.
o Plugs that are traditionally long, with quick transition time (right-hand set), should be
designed to ensure the well does not become underbalanced as the cement begins to
set, especially when the formation is exposed.
Density hierarchy
o Utilize a stepped hierarchy between mud, spacer, and cement to minimize the
intermingling between the cement slurry and other fluids. If the MW density is too high
to optimize this hierarchy, consider setting a high viscosity pill at the base of the plug or
utilize a mechanical bottom if possible.
Plug length
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Determine whether a single long plug or multiple shorter plugs should be used to provide
the desired outcome. Take into account variables such as temperature gradient,
formation type, FG, pumping time, rig constraints, etc.
o Ensure the plug length is not so great as to induce losses. Multiple plugs may be
required in addition to an LCM material added to the lead spacer.
o Ensure the hole diameter is known or consider pumping excess slurry if reaching a
particular depth when the TOC is critical.
Temperature gradient
o Determine an accurate static temperature gradient for the plug setting length using the
best method available.
For a known field use offset wireline log measurements. The pre-drill temperature
model must be based on the inclusion of accurate static temperature measurements
from offset wells.
For an unknown area use the pre-drill temperature survey, modified with actual
measurements. This should be wireline data or the first pump-up temperature on a
BHA prior to drilling out the shoe track. Use these measurements to continually
revise the model after each hole section.
o Long setting intervals may require multiple plugs if the temperature change from the top
to the bottom requires different additive concentrations.
As the temperature increases, the thickening time decreases.
Modeling
o Utilize the cement service companys plug modeling software for each plug to determine
spacer efficiency and contamination effects on the slurry.
o
4.8.2.1 Cement and spacer volumes

Always assume gauge hole unless caliper data is available. If applicable, consider borehole
stability and sloughing shales.
CAUTION
Using deep kick-off plugs in SBM with large OD / ID drillstrings
greatly increase the risk of inaccurate displacement and cement
plug contamination.
Increase the height of the plug to increase the probability of a successful plug. Aim for
1,000 ft minimum plug length. For deviated holes, evaluate spacer and cement volumes
accordingly (especially when encountering slumping and / or increased difficulty in mud
removal / hole cleaning).
Spacers should cover a minimum of 500 measured feet in the annulus to optimize
cleaning.
4.8.2.2 Thickening time and compressive strength development

For Gulf of Mexico class H cements, thickening time (pump time) should be as short as
safety allows. Utilize recommended thickening time design criteria (Section 2.3.6)
Determine WOC time from compressive strength test data evaluated at BHCT or using
temperature recovery simulation. Take into account the effect of cement contamination on
slurry properties (point of departure and compressive strength development.) Attempt to
design cement compressive strength greater than formation compressive strength prior to
attempting kick-off from plug.
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For kick-off plugs, implement high compressive strengths systems (e.g., greater than
16.8 ppg should be attempted).
4.8.3 Operations Phase

Operational phase practices should be followed to provide the best opportunity for a successful
cement plug and minimize potential contamination.
If possible, use the smallest diameter pipe or the pipe with the smallest tool joints across the
plug setting depth to minimize swab. Additionally, the trip out through the plug should be as
slow as operationally possible and dependent on the pump time available after cement
placement to minimize swabbing and contamination.
Consider pipe rotation during displacement to aid in spacer efficiency and increased cement
coverage. Pipe reciprocation is less effective.
Aim to provide mechanical separation between each fluid because mechanical isolation
between fluids greatly affects the contamination level of the cement slurry. Additionally,
utilize a foam wiper ball over rubber when possible.
o Example: Ideally, soft rubber (a.k.a foam or nerf) wiper ball spacer soft rubber wiper
ball cement slurry soft rubber wiper ball spacer softer rubber wiper ball mud.
Consider batch mixing if the rig setup and volume constraints allow. This provides more
uniform density and rheology throughout the slurry.
Pump as much lead spacer ahead of each plug to remove as much mud from the pipe /
annulus if operations allow. Mud contamination severely reduces the compressive strength
development of the slurry and can even cause complete plug failure.
Do not circulate off the top of the plug if possible. This may increase contamination of the
cement and lead to a large interface of undeveloped cement.
Under-displace the cement slurry to minimize swabbing and allow the pipe to pull dry. If
pulling wet, pump the open end displacement of each stand to keep the fluid level balanced.
4.8.4 Plug Mixing and Placement Procedures

4.8.4.1 Mud removal
Always use a diverter tool on the end of a workstring to direct flow out and upward. Diverter
sub should have a minimum flow area equivalent to the OEDP, (e.g., if the drillpipe is 5 in,
19.5 ppf, then total flow area of the diverter should be at least 15 in2.) Ensure the diverter
sub will retain the expected number of balls to be pumped without plugging off (a used joint
of drillpipe with a closed end and perforations up the entire length of the diverter works well).
Use the diverter tool to wash across plug interval. while running in hole to plug setting depth,
to help break gelled mud and clean out any washouts in interval where plug will be spotted.
Pressure test cement lines prior to circulating, then circulate and condition mud at maximum
rate possible without exceeding FG or surface pressure limitations.
Circulation time should be dictated by;
o Hole cleaning and mud thinning rather than pre-determined mud volume or time.
o BHCT considerations for slurry design purposes.
o In general, one hole volume should be considered minimum circulation volume.
Unconditioned mud should not be left in the hole above or near to the plug when spotting
the plug.
Start mixing cement while continuing to circulate then start cement job immediately after
circulating and conditioning mud to avoid the mud in hole developing gel strength.
Displace plug at maximum rate possible with no losses.
Rotate the workstring while conditioning, displacing, and placing cement slurry.
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CAUTION
Reciprocation has little effect on hole cleaning and the surge swab
effects can increase cement contamination.
4.8.4.2 Accurate slurry placement
Accurately calculate the steel displacement for tapered strings to avoid contaminating the
cement when pulling the pipe from the cement plug.
Do not under-displace to assist in pulling dry. This may result in poor cement plug
placement. The best method is to use software calculated displacement volumes.
Use a lead and tail ball to prevent cement contamination while the cement is in the drillpipe.
A ball launching head or manifold should be used to assist in timely launches.
Take into account surface line volumes when calculating displacement volumes.
Displace deep cement plugs with rig pumps (deeper than 10,000 ft).
4.8.4.3 Avoid slurry contamination
Consider the use of stingers in small hole (less than or equal to 12-1/4 in) to minimize
disturbance to plug when pulling out of plug. Stinger should be longer than the combined
length of the cement and spacer prior to starting to pull out of cement.
Pull out of plug as slowly as practical and do not rotate while pipe is in the plug. Watch for
indicators such as drag or sticking while on the slips. Pulling too quickly and / or rotation will
destabilize and / or contaminate the plug.
Do not fill hole while pulling out of cement plug. If the hole is filled, factor this volume in the
placement calculations, especially for tapered strings.
Ensure adequate WOC is allowed. This should be based on compressive strength
development test data.
Do not disturb plug unnecessarily until WOC period is expired.
Ensure the workstring has been pulled to at least the top of spacer before circulating the
workstring clean.
4.8.4.4 Minimize cement slumping
Plug stability is dependent on the density and rheology difference between the mud and
cement. This difference should be minimized; however, this may not be possible depending
on the requirements for compressive strength development and mud removal. The bigger
the hole, the more unstable the plug becomes (cement plugs become increasingly difficult
as the hole deviation increases).
A fluid plug base should be spotted unless the plug is being set on top of a base (e.g., at TD
or on top of a mechanical device).
Use fluids pills such as viscous pills or a sodium silicate reactive pill.
o Recommended length of the viscous pill is the same as that of the cement plug (with a
minimum of 300 ft).
o For optimized pill placement ensure the weight of the viscous pill matches the weight of
the mud in the hole.
o The viscous pill should be treated with a gelling agent (sodium silicate or conventional
viscosifiers) and the pill should have a yield point of not less than 100 lb/100 ft2.
o Another option is to use Baroid Hydroplug as a plug base.
Page 29 of 42

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Rev.: 0
4.8.4.5 Other issues to consider

Pump a soft (i.e. Nerf) rubber ball (where possible, instead of hard rubber) down the drill
pipe to remove any cement rings from tool joints after pulling above spacer. Hard rubber
balls lose their effectiveness quickly when wiping pipe as they elongate each time they pass
through the tool joints.
Do not drill the plug all the way out if a plug is unsuccessful. Leave a base for the next plug
attempt.
Be prepared for second or third plugs in the event that the first plug is unsuccessful.
Hold post-job review on the rig to ensure all lessons learned are captured.
Page 30 of 42

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5.0
Rev.: 0
RIG OPERATIONS CHECKLIST

Determine a rig contingency plan for the following situations:
Cement unit break down while mixing cement and displacing cement downhole.
The cement unit cannot mix at desired rate due to bulk transfer issues.
The liquid additive system (LAS) system fails during mixing of cement.
Unable to maintain constant density of cement.
Interruption or failure to deliver mix water while mixing cement.
Automated lo-torque or lower TIW fails closed during job due to loss of air pressure from
control panel.
Surface leak develops while mixing and pumping cement downhole with cement unit
Pre-mature release of bottom dart.
Pre-mature release of top dart.
Failure of either the top or bottom dart to release from cement head.
Leak past upper TIW.
Loss of mud pumps during displacement of cement.
Leak in drillpipe develops resulting in cement in the well / drillpipe annulus.
Cement locks up prior to completion of displacement.
Flow rate out of hole is greater than flow rate in the hole.
Well balloons back after cement job prior to isolating the annulus with seal assembly,
packer, etc
Critical Operational Checks
Ensure mix water is isolated via two valves from the mud or completion brine utilized for
displacement.
Confirm the valve arrangement in the air lines are set up for double block and bleed when
testing lines prior to a cement job.
Verify pit volumes prior to cementing and displacing.
Ensure Mud Loggers are tracking all fluid movements on surface and downhole.
Confirm all surface transfers in active pits are shut down to aid in tracking losses accurately.
Ensure trip tank is lined up on the hole and full should complete losses occur and hole
volume begins dropping.
Ensure mud pumps are properly assigned to required stand pipes.
Verify flow path from cement unit to cement head prior to cementing.
Confirm adequate chemicals and cement on board to perform two complete jobs.
Confirm enough mud is on location to handle 100% losses during the job.
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Rev.: 0
Confirm line volume from cement unit to rig floor.

Confirm BOP space-out which ram will be utilized to test the seal assembly.
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Rev.: 0
6.0
DOWNHOLE CEMENTING EQUIPMENT SELECTION CRITERIA
6.1
Guide Shoe Selection

Determine the following:
Material Requirements
o Ensure the guide shoe (GS) is made from the same base casing (ppf and grade) as that
being run in the hole. This ensures the same casing design factors apply and mitigates
a weak link, especially in collapse rating.
Connection Requirements
o Ensure the GS is the same connection as the casing (ppf and grade), whenever
possible, to avoid having crossovers made and to ensure connection strength is not
degraded. The main concerns are the compression rating, drift ID, and bending rating.
Job Requirements (i.e., type of hole conditions the shoe will be run in)
o Utilize the trip out of the hole prior to running casing to determine what shoe design is
required. The trip, mud logs / LWD logs, and BHA condition will help determine the
design considerations in Table 6.1:
Table 6.1
Shoe Design Considerations
Situation
Small Hole ID
Severe Dog Legs

(> 3/100 ft)
Washouts / breakouts,
ledges, bridges, etc
Trouble Formations
(i.e., swelling or reactive shales,
tar, sand / shale interfaces, etc)
Indicators
Bit and / or stabilizers

under-gauged,
under-reaming tool is
worn or indications
from the tool
demonstrate it was
never opened, or W/L
Caliper directly
measures a reduction
in hole size.
Either from survey data,

becoming geometrically
stuck (BHA to hole
interference) while
POOH, or W/L
measurements.
QTEC reports, LWD or

W/L logs, mud logs, and
significant overpulls, high
drag (greater than
50,000 lbf), or being stuck
while POOH.
QTEC reports, LWD or W/L logs, mud

logs, and significant overpulls, high
drag (greater than 50,000 lbf), or
being stuck while POOH.
Consequence
May lead to a hole

opening trip prior to
running casing to
ensure casing
reaches required
setting depth for
optimal casing
design.
Extreme DLS may

require significant set
down weight to push
through, or rotation both of which may lead
to plugging.
Hole instability and hole

geometry issues may lead
to stuck casing, string
rotation requirements,
washing down, cutting
bed plowing, plugging of
float equipment, etc
Hole instability and hole geometry

issues may lead to stuck casing,
string rotation requirements, washing
down, cutting bed plowing, plugging
of float equipment, etc
Design
Considerations
GS with up orientated
side ports.
GS that is eccentric,
bullet shaped, rounded
or has reaming
capabilities (i.e., cutting
structure), is rated to
100,000 lbf of
compression and
circulation should be
considered to reduce
plugging risk.
GS that is eccentric, bullet

shaped, rounded or has
reaming capabilities (i.e.,
cutting structure), is rated
to 100,000 lbf of
compression, is side
ported or jetted to allow
washing up and down.
Also, a GS with a float
may be required to reduce
the risk of cuttings in the
shoe track which could
plug off (i.e., no circulation
possible) or be a cause of
the floats not activating
properly if auto-fill
equipment is utilized.
Page 33 of 42
GS that is eccentric, bullet shaped,

rounded or has reaming capabilities
(i.e., cutting structure), is rated to
100,000 lbf of compression, is side
ported or jetted to allow washing up
and down or is wide open with a saw
tooth, cookie cutter or Texas pattern
for formations like bitumen.
Also, a GS with a float may be
required to reduce the risk of cuttings
in the shoe track below the first float
collar (AF or Non-AF type) which
could plug off (i.e., no circulation
possible) or be a cause of the floats
not sealing if auto-fill equipment is
employed.

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Rev.: 0
NOTE
Ensure when planning that all hole conditions and scenarios are
evaluated and contingency equipment is available should realtime operations dictate utilizing an alternate GS design.
6.2
Float Equipment Selection

Determine the following:
Material Requirements
o Ensure the float collar is made from the same base casing (ppf and grade) as that being
run in the hole. This ensures the same casing design factors apply and mitigates a
weak link, especially in collapse rating.
Connection Requirements
o Ensure the float collar is the same connection as the base casing (ppf and grade)
whenever possible to avoid having crossovers made and to ensure connection strength
is not degraded. The main concerns are the compression rating, drift ID, bending rating,
as well as an additional leak path (low potential).
Job Requirements (i.e., type of hole conditions the float collar will be run in and job type)
o Determine if an integral GS float combination will be utilized based on the GS design
criteria.
o Determine, based on WWD 000 policies, if auto-fill can be utilized or if traditional nonauto-fill equipment will be utilized on the casing run.
o Run a minimum of two float valves in the shoe track (via one collar with two valves, or
two collars with one valve each).
Traditional non-auto-fill equipment with check valve design considerations.
Determine if the vendor has tested equipment per API RP 10F and secure
documentation.
Compare flow rates to be utilized on the job to AP RP 10F testing to ensure
casing run and cement job will not exceed.
Review job history and failure rate for like cement jobs and document the same.
Typical non-auto-fill equipment designs include Ball in place, Poppet type, or
Flapper. Evaluate pros and cons of each prior to selection.
Ensure drilling programs and ITDC(s) clearly state that when using traditional float
equipment the casing must be filled every 10 jt. Document both the proper bbl/jt
displacement and bbl/10 jt fill. Ensure actual values are recorded on the
International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) and BHPB morning report.
If a waiver is requested to increase the number of joints run prior to filling up the
casing, do not exceed 70% of the casing collapse rating.
Confirm all rubber goods used in the valve are compatible to the fluid type being
utilized on the well.
Confirm the rubber goods and other components in the valves are rated to the
bottom-hole temperature and pressure in which it will be run.
Consider the volume of aluminum in the valve vs. polycrystalline diamond
compact (PDC) junk slot area to identify drill-out problems (i.e., large volume of
aluminum and large bit junk slot may more easily ball the bit).
Auto-fill design considerations
Consider all design considerations for non-auto-fill equipment when selecting
auto-fill equipment.
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6.3
Rev.: 0
Select a conversion flow rate that is less than the planned job design to ensure
float equipment will and can be converted.
Determine if conversion mechanism will be run in-place (if so, ensure it is pinned
in place) or will be dropped from the surface when conversion is required. If plan
is to drop, ensure all pass thru ID(s) will pass the conversion equipments OD.
Determine if float equipment will be converted prior to exiting the previous casing
shoe. Same considerations listed in GS selection should be considered here.
Determine type of auto-fill float equipment that will be run. Typical designs are
include ball, tube and prop open types. Evaluate pros and cons of each.
Plug and Dart Set Selection
Utilize a two plug / two dart combination whenever possible (Figure 6.1) to ensure the
contamination of the cement slurry is reduced
CAUTION
Some plug sets utilize a ball ahead. This is not preferred.
Figure 6.1
Two Plug / Two Dart Combination
Confirm both the top and bottom dart will pass all ID(s) within the landing string, running tool
and cross-over(s) or sub(s) utilized to run the casing string
Confirm the plug and dart material is compatible with the fluid being utilized in the well.
Confirm the plugs and darts are rated for the bottom-hole temperature and hydro-static
pressure in the well.
Confirm the selected plugs are designed to effectively wipe the casing in which they will be
run.
Ensure the plug set utilized has a non-rotating feature to aid in drill out times whenever
possible.
Always supply a picture of the top and bottom plugs to aid in identification in the field when
the DSV is confirming installation.
Always supply a picture of the top and bottom darts to ensure proper installation in the
cement head to minimize the risk of releasing the top plug first.
Review required shear pressures to release both the bottom and top plugs.
Review the manufacturers suggested flow rates to engage the dart in the plugs and
document the same. Do not exceed recommended practices without a MOC.
Verify the function of the mechanisms that allow the following: Release of both the bottom
and top plugs, as well as, the bottom plug to divert or allow bypass of flow once it is landed
will not interfere with the conversion of the float equipment utilized below (both mechanically
and via pressure surge).
Determine if a landing collar is required for the wiper plug equipment or if the collar can be
landed on the float equipment.
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6.4
Rev.: 0
Record all pressures required to release the plugs, activate the fluid bypass on the bottom
plug, and max bump pressure from above in the Drilling Program and ITDC. Verify the
actuals have been recorded in the IADC BHPB morning report and cementing report.
Centralizer Selection
Evaluate the following when selecting the centralizer:
The type of environment in which it will be run (i.e., open hole vs. cased and subsea vs.
surface wellhead).
The pass through restrictions (i.e., are any tight tolerances present in the entire wellbore
less than 0.75 in per side, including wear bushings where applicable?).
Side-force loads to which the centralizer will be exposed during installation.
o Helical buckling forces, casing weight due to hole angle, or some combination of both.
o Request a graph depicting the Standoff (%) vs. Restoring Force (lb) for bow spring
centralizers being considered.
o Utilize rigid centralizers where possible to eliminate the restoring force concern
(especially in casing by casing applications).
If bow spring centralizers are selected confirm the following:
o Determine the starting, running, and restoring forces utilizing the API Spec 10D
procedure.
o Review the testing to ensure the pass through ID utilized in the testing is the same as
the casing in which the centralizer will be run. If not, determine if the starting, running,
and restoring forces can be interpolated or extrapolated.. If not, re-test where
applicable. This is very important for tight tolerance wells.
o If a bow-spring with any type of stop collar will be utilized, ensure the stop collar is rated
for the starting and running forces that will be experienced in the well. Again, this is
critical on tight tolerance wells.
Ensure the cementing and centralizer equipment supplier each run their centralization
software and attempt where possible to attain 75% stand-off through the formations, or
casing x casing that need to be isolated 500 ft.
Do not run any type of wrap around / hinged bow spring centralizer with stop collars through
a subsea wellhead once the BOP is installed.
Attempt to secure non-welded blade centralizers when possible if wrap around or hinged
bow spring centralizers are utilized on a well. Ensure the stop collar can withstand the
starting and running forces when properly installed.
Do not install a wrap around or hinged type bow spring centralizer over a threaded and
coupled connection.
Ensure stops utilized with bow spring centralizers are properly spaced to ensure proper
functionality.
Figure 6.2
Bow Spring Centralizer with Stop Collars
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7.0
DATA RECORDING AND REPORTING
7.1
Laboratory Reporting
7.2
The cement service company representative shall send all lab reports (both cement service
company and third party) together with a plot of compressive strength development to the
BHPB DE responsible for the well.
To prevent confusion, the cement service company should not send information to the rig
unless approved by the BHPB DS. Unless time permits, the compressive strength chart will
be the one from the pilot test. Compressive strength tests will be rerun if the slurry requires
adjustment from the pilot test.
Field and Post Job Reporting
7.3
Monitor and record all parameters (density, rate, and pressure) during cementing and
displacement.
Ensure all required data is captured during the cement job. Full details of required data can
be found in Section 7.4.
Send an electronic file from the cement unit computer, along with an electronic file from the
Mud Loggers, for the entire cement job to the cementing coordinator and DE within 24 hr of
the end of the job.
The CCE should review the job file, provide comments, and return the electronic job file to
the DE (Section 7.4).
Complete cementing reports in BHPBs daily reporting system for all jobs.
Capture the lessons learned within 48 hr of the end of the cement job in BHPBs reporting
system. Lessons learned should include all parties who were involved in the execution of
the cement job; Driller, Cementer, Mud Engineer, Operations Engineer, Company Man.
The Operations Engineer should notify the DE when the lessons learned have been entered
into the BHPB reporting system to allow changes and improvements in the planning of
subsequent operations.
BHPB Requirements for Writing and Recording Cementing Operations

The primary tool for cement reporting is OpenWells. Drilling Supervisors should ensure a
cement report is correctly completed within 12 hr after completing a cement job. The following
items should be included in the BHPB generated cementing report in OpenWells.
General Tab
o A detailed casing report shall be completed in OpenWells prior to completing the
cementing report. The information from the casing report will automatically be
propagated into the cementing report.
o All fields completed with available information.
o Files from the cement service company attached to the OpenWells report.
Fluids Tab
o Mud used to circulate prior to cementing listed as a fluid as a spacer.
o All spacers, dyes, flushes, washes and / or mud push, listed individually.
o Slurry and additive tabs completed for each fluid.
Stages Tab
o Single stage information entered as stage 1. Multi-stage cementing should include
detailed information for each stage. Stage details are critical for data collection and
analysis.
o Pumping schedule completed for all fluids pumped.
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Tests Tab
o Complete all information available for the initial report and update once all information is
available.
Remarks Tab
o Any information from section 7.3.1 through section 7.3.3 that does not have an assigned
field is inserted under Remarks.
7.3.1 Primary Cement Job

Casing details are critical to the cement reporting.
A detailed casing report should include:

o ID used in cement calculation, method of determining ID.
o Float equipment: manufacturer, model number, location in the casing string (depth once
landed).
o Landing collar: manufacturer, model number, location in the casing string (depth once
landed).
o Shoe: manufacturer, model number, location in the casing string (depth once landed).
o Centralizer: manufacturer, model number, top location in the casing string (depth once
landed), interval between centralizers.
Detailed information about running the casing to bottom should include:
o Tight spots: location, weight to get past tight spots.
o Reciprocation: location, pick up and slack off weights, time pipe was worked.
o Rotation: location, torque, time spent rotating.
o Circulation: location, pump rate in, pressure, return rate back, time circulating.
o Losses: location, rates, pressure, volume lost.
o Landing details: weight to land out, weight lost once landed, location of shoe and
hanger once set, any problems encountered.
Cementing equipment details:
o Plugs: manufacturer, model, serial numbers, method of attachment, profile.
o Darts: manufacturer, model, serial numbers.
o Cement head: style, manufacturer, model, serial number.
Circulation details after landing casing: rate in, rate returned, pressure, volume, losses.
Safety meeting: start and end times.
Spacer / flush details: recipe, density, rate in, returns, losses, pressure, volume, pump time,
how pumped, start and end times.
Pressure test lines: pressures, time pressure held, start and end times, fluid used.
Slurries: recipe, rheology, calculated and actual density, method of mixing, mix rate,
volume, pump rate, pressure, start and end times, estimated top of cement, how pumped,
problems pumping with start and end times.
Displacement: recipe, volume, how calculated (strokes and efficiency), lift time and
pressures, when did cement turn the corner, returns to surface, losses, rate of returns (%),
final pressure prior to bump or shutdown, start and end times, equipment used to displace.
Pipe reciprocating: times, rate, and distance.
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Rev.: 0
Pipe rotating: times, torque, revolutions per minute (RPM).

Plug / dart details:
o Bottom dart release time, volume, pressure, issues, method of release.
o Bottom dart latch and bottom plug release time, volume, pressure, issues.
o Bottom plug land / shear time, volume, pressure, and issues.
o Top dart release time, volume, pressure, issues, method of release.
o Top dart latch and top plug release time, volume, pressure, issues.
o Top plug bump time, volume, pressure.
Losses: volumes, locations
Floats: when converted, pressure and rate to convert, floats hold or not, how tested, issues.
Flow back: start time, volume returned, time allowed to flow back.
WOC: start and end times, reason, pressure held, pressure changes while holding.
Drill out details: depth tagged cement, consistency of cement, depth of firm cement, start
and end times for drilling cement and all collars, weight on bit (WOB), rotary speed, rate of
penetration (ROP), on bottom torque, flow rate, stand pipe pressure.
7.3.2 Remedial Cement Job
Cementing equipment details:

o Cement retainer: style, manufacturer, model, serial number.
o Packer: style, manufacturer, model, serial number.
o Casing head (Bradenhead): style, manufacturer, model, serial number.
Testing: injection fluid, rate, pressure, changes in plans based upon injection test,
maximum allowable pressure.
Slurries: recipe, rheology, calculated and actual density, fluid loss value, method of mixing,
mix rate, volume, pump rate, pressure, start and end times, estimated top of cement, how
pumped, problems pumping with start and end times.
Squeeze details: start and end times, pressures, rates, hesitations, reverse out, fluids used.
Drill out details: start and end times, WOB, rotary speed, ROP, on bottom torque, flow rate,
stand pipe pressure, consistency of cement.
7.3.3 Plug Cement job
Cementing Equipment details:

o Cement retainer: style, manufacturer, model, serial number.
o Cementing stinger string design.
o Style, manufacturer, model, serial number of any equipment including centralized tail
pipe, diverter wash tool, plug cutter, ball catcher sub, parabow tool, cement support tool,
wiper dart.
Estimated temperatures.
Estimated ID and method of determination.
Planned plug length, volume, slurry excess, spacer lengths.
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Rev.: 0
Slurries: recipe, rheology, calculated and actual density, method of mixing, mix rate,
volume, pump rate, pressure, start and end times, estimated top of cement, how pumped,
problems pumping with start and end times.
Displacement details: fluid used, start and end times, pump rate, final displacement
pressure, volume, pipe rotation, top and bottom depth.
Stinger pull out start and end times, rates.
Drill out details: start and end times, WOB, rotary speed, ROP, on bottom torque, flow rate,
stand pipe pressure, consistency of cement.
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7.4
Rev.: 0
Third Party Cement Job Reporting Requirements

Figure 7.1 presents an example of reporting expectations / requirements from cement service
company.
Figure 7.1
Third Party Cement Job Reporting Requirements
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WORLD WIDE DRILLING
7.5
Rev.: 0
Final Graphical Job Report from CCE

Figure 7.2 is an example of graphical job reporting expectations from cement service company.
Figure 7.2
Cementing Job Report
Page 42 of 42

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BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM (AMERICAS)

Issue Date: 02/08/2011

Date: 08 February 2011

BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM (AMERICAS)

Issue Date: 02/08/2011

DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................ 5

CEMENT SLURRY DESIGN, TESTING AND SAMPLING .......................................................... 8

Cement and Additive Quality Control....................................................................................... 10

Slurry Volume: Top of Cement.......................................................................................................10

SLURRY AND SPACER DESIGN ISSUES ............................................................................... 14

Cement Spacer and Mud Compatibility..........................................................................................14

Spacer Design Issues .............................................................................................................. 15

Dry Cement (API Required) and Additive Quality Control Requirements......................................10

Cement Slurry Design.............................................................................................................. 10

Pilot Test / Pilot Blend ......................................................................................................................8

Use of Viscosified or Weighted Spacers ........................................................................................15

Slurry Design Considerations.........................................................................................................24

Plug Setting Best Practices...................................................................................................... 25

Office Plug Job Planning Checklist ................................................................................................25

BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM (AMERICAS)

Issue Date: 02/08/2011

Plug Mixing and Placement Procedures ........................................................................................28

RIG OPERATIONS CHECKLIST ............................................................................................... 31

DOWNHOLE CEMENTING EQUIPMENT SELECTION CRITERIA .......................................... 33

DATA RECORDING AND REPORTING.................................................................................... 37

Primary Cement Job.......................................................................................................................38

Third Party Cement Job Reporting Requirements ................................................................... 41

BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM (AMERICAS)

DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS

Issue Date: 02/08/2011

Shall or must is defined as a mandatory requirement.

Annular pressure build-up

American Petroleum Institute

Bottom-hole circulating temperature

Bottom-hole logging temperature

Bottom-hole static temperature

Choke and kill

Critical Static Gel Strength

Dog leg severity

Diameter open hole

BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM (AMERICAS)

Equivalent circulating density

Fracture closure point

International Association of Drilling Contractors

Instructions to the Drilling Contractor

Liquid additive system

Lost circulation material

Logging while drilling

Measurement while drilling

Open ended drillpipe

Open Hole Excess

Plug and Abandon

Polycrystalline diamond composite

Project Drilling Engineer

Pull out of hole

Packing volume fraction

Revolutions per minute

Issue Date: 02/08/2011

BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM (AMERICAS)

Retrievable test treater squeeze