ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications

ELEC3115 - Electromagnetic Engineering (PART A)

Solution of Tutorial - 2
Question 1.

Q
R+
d
E

R-Q

E x,0

Q
2 sin .a y
4 R 2

Note that at any r, fields due to the two charges along the x-direction cancel. Only the vertical
components remain. Hence, the resultant E is only in negative y-direction.
R r 2 d 2 , sin
E

(a)

d
R

Qd
2 d 2 r 2

s a y . E y 0

32

Qd
2 d 2 r 2

32

(b)

ds=rddr

r
dr

O
d rd

A circular area on the ground plane.

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

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ELEC3115
2

0 0

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

2

s ds s rd dr Q or the ground plane.

0 0

Question 2

2a
Q

h
C1
C1

-Q

2a
Q

h
C1

C C1 C1

C1

From

2h a
ln
a

F/m

2 o
2h a
ln
a

RC1

o
1
2h a

ln
a
C1 2

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

/m.

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Question 3
1

a2

+L

- L

a1

d1
d2
D
di1

di2

We first locate the image of the charge on each conductor inside the other.

d i1

a12
d1

Also d i 2 d 1 D

a22
d2

(1)

and

di 2

(3)

and

d i1 d 2 D

(2)

(4)

Then we find the potential due to each point image charge on the surface of the other conductor
using Gauss's law, using the conductor's centre as r = 0. We note that each conductor's surface is
equi-potential.

V1

L a1
ln
2 o d 1

V12 V1 V2

L
V12

V2

L
a
ln 2
2 o d 2

L
a

a
ln 1 L ln 2
2 o d 1 2 o d 2
L
aa

dd
ln 1 2 L ln 1 2
2 o d 1d 2
2 o a1a2

2 o
dd
ln 1 2
a1 a2

F/m

Now d i 2 d 1 d i1 d 2 D 2
or

d i1d i 2 d i 2d 2 d 1d i1 d 1d 2 D 2

or

a12 a22 d 1d 2 d i1d i 2 D 2

Assuming that d i1d i 2 a12 a22 d 1d 2

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

we have d 1d 2 D 2 a12 a22

2 o
dd
ln 1 2
a1 a2

F/m

2 o
D a12 a22

F/m

ln

a1 a2

Question 4

o=1
rd=6

Vo

0.8d

Laplace's Equation: 2V 0 . Because there are no variations of V along the x and z

directions, V is function of y only.
From separation of variables, ky2=0 and solution of

d 2V
0 in the dielectric region will be,
dy 2

V yd C1 y C2
But it is given that y=0, Vy = 0 C2 = 0.

V yd C1 y ;
E yd a y C1 ; D yd a y o rd C1 .

Similarly for the air, solving

d 2V
0
dy 2

V ya C3 y C4
E ya a y C3 ; D ya a y oC3
Boundary conditions are:
At y = 0, Vyd = 0, and at y = d, Vya = Vo. Vya C3 d C4 V0

(1)

At y = 0.8d, Vyd = Vya and Dd Da (Boundary condition at interface of air and dielectric)

Vya Vyd C1 ( 0.8d ) C3 ( 0.8d ) C4 ; ( 2 )

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Dd Da o rd C1 o C3 C3 rd C1 (3)

Solving (1), (2) and (3) for C1, C2 and C3,

Vo
; C2 0
C1
0.8 0.2 rd d

(a)

C3

1 rd Vo
rdVo
; C4
1 0.25 rd
0.8 0.2 rd d

V yd

Vo y
5Vo y
V

0.8 0.2 rd d 4 rd d

Ed

(b)

V ya

5Vo
a V/m
4 rd d y

1 rd Vo V
rdVo
y
0.8 0.2 rd d 1 0.25 rd

(c)

5 rd y 4 rd 1 d
Vo V
4 rd d

yd

Da

yd

y 0

Da

y 0

5 o rdVo
4 rd d

5 o rdVo
4 rd d

C/m2

C/m2

Question 5
Note that there is no variation of V along the z direction; thus kz = 0 and kx = - ky = - k .

V1

V2

A few steps of the solution for V(x,y) are given below:

Laplace's equation:

2V 2V

0
x 2 y 2

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

X x

d 2 X x
dx 2

2
1 d Y y
0
Y y dy 2

2
1 d Z z
0;
Z z dz 2

X x

d 2 X x

Z z Bo .

k 2

dx 2

2
1 d Y y
k 2
Y y dy 2

Refer to the
table of possible
solutions
(Table 4-1, D.K.
Cheng)

The solution for X (x) is zero at x=0 and x= a.

X x A1 sin kx ; B1=0 .
Because V = 0 at x = 0 and x = a , k

n
.
a

The solution for Y (y) is thus

Y y A2 sinh ky B2 cosh ky

At y = 0, V x,0 V2 Bn sin
n

At

4V
Bn 2 ;
n

n = odd

=0

n = even

y = b, V ( x,b ) sin
n

An sinh

n
x
a

n
n
n
x An sinh
b Bn cosh
a
a
a

4V
n
n
b Bn cosh
b 1 ; n = odd
a
a
n
= 0;

An

V1 V2 cosh

n
a
n sinh
b
a

= 0,

n = even.

b ;

n = odd

n = even

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Question 6

Vo

No field variation in the r and z directions.

V Ao Bo
(a)

at = 0, V() = 0. Bo = 0.
at = , V() = Vo = Ao

Ao

Vo

V
(b)

Vo

for 0

at = , V() = Vo = A1 + B1
at = 2, V(2) = 0 = A12 + B1

Solving, A1

Vo
2 Vo
, B1
2
2
Vo
2
2

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

for 2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Question 7

Let

b = thickness of the coating.

R1 = resistance of the uncoated wire/m
=

1
s1

m a 2

/m

R2 = resistance of the coating

(a)

1
1

2
0.1 s2
0.1 a b a 2

1
0.1 2 ab b 2

/m

/m

To reduce the resistance by half, R1= R2

1
1

2
a 0.1 2 ab b 2

or,

10 a 2 2 ab b 2

or,

b 2 2 ab 10 a 2 0

Solving for b

(b)

I1 I 2

10 a 2.23a

I
A
2

J1

I 1
2 a2

J2

I 1
I

2 s2 20s1

A/m2

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

since

1
1

s1 0.1 s2
8

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

E1
E2

J1

I
2 a 2

J2
I

0.1 2 a 2

Thus J 1 10J 2 and

E1 E2

Question 8

=0

=10 S/m
b

r=1
r=1.2

Charge deposited in the sphere at strike (t = 0)

Qo = 1 mC
o

oe
(a)

Qo
10 3

0.239
4 b 3 4 0.13
3
3

C/m3

4
R3
R < b; E aR 3
4 R 2

t
1
R oe
aR
3

aR 7.5 10 9 Re 9.4210
R > b;
(b)

E aR

11

Qo
9
aR 2 10 V
2
m
4 R
R

for R < b: J Ei aR 7.5 1010 Re 9.4210

11

m2

for R > b: J 0 .
(c)

e 0.01
o

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

ln100

(d)

4.88 10 12 s

1
E12 dV

2V

t
2 o b 3 2 t
=
Wo e
e
45

W t
4
2
e
0.01 10
Wo

This energy is dissipated as heat.

(d)

W stored outside the sphere:

2

1
1 Q
W o E 2 4 R 2 dR o
4 R 2 dR
2
b
2b
2
4 o R

Qo2

8 o b

45 kJ

This energy remains constant.

Question 9
(a)

V
I

lI
80 10 3 1.56

3.53 107
Vs 5 2.25 10 4

V
6.25 10 5
L

(b)

(c)

P VI 5 1.56 7.8 Watts

(d)

u E 1.4 10 3 6.25 10 5 8.75 10 9

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

S/m

V/m

10

m/sec

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Question 10

Vo

(a)

d1

d2

d
d
Vo R1 R2 I 1 2 I V
1s 2 s

1 2Vo
I

s d1 2 d 2 1

J
(b)

A/m2

Vo E1d1 E2 d 2

(1)

Normal components of J must be equal.

1 E1 2 E2

(2)

Solving (1) and (2)

E1

2Vo
;
2 d1 1d 2

E2

1Vo
2 d1 1 d 2

V/m

Note: refer to problem 1, Tutorial 2 for solution of V and E using Laplaces equation.
(c)

D1n 1 E1

1 2Vo
2 d 1 1d 2

D2n 2 E2

C/m2

2 1Vo
2 d 1 1d 2

C/m2

si D1n D2 n 1 E1n 2 E2 n

1 2Vo
2 1Vo

2 d1 1 d 2 2 d1 1 d 2

2Vo
1 2 1
2
2 d1 1 d 2

2 1 1 2 Vo
2 d1 1 d 2

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

C/m2

C/m2

C/m2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

(d)

C1

R1
Vo

R2
R2

(e)

R1

d1
s
, C1 1
1s
d1

d2
s
, C2 2
2s
d2

C2

si
.J J 2 J 1 2 E2 1 E1 at the interface
t

Now, E1d1 E2 d 2 Vo

2 E2 1 E1 si

and

(1)
(2)

Solving for E1 and E2

E1

2Vo d 2 si
V d1 si
; E2 1 o
2 d1 1d 2
2 d1 1d 2

V/m

(3)

si 2 d1 1d 2

si 1 2 2 1 Vo
t
2 d1 1d 2
2 d1 1d 2

Solving
t

1 2 2 1

Vo 1 e C/m2
si
2 d1 1d 2

where = relaxation time =

From (3)

E1

2 d1 1 d 2
2 d1 1 d 2

2Vo

1
e

2 d1 1 d 2

1Vo

E2
1 e
2 d1 1 d 2

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

12

2Vo

2 d1 1 d 2

V/m

1Vo

e
V/m

d
d
2 1 1 2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Question 11

(a)

d a
ln
a

(b)

RC

F/m

4 8.854 10 12
0.2 0.015
ln
0.015

pF/m

4 8.854 10 12

C 5 10 15 5 10 12

1.41 1015

/m

Note that is resistance is parallel connected to the series resistances or inductances of the line, so
that a km long cable will have total leakage resistance reduced by a factor of 1000.

Question 12

z
r

(a)

Laplace's equation: 2V 0

1 d dV
r
r dr dr

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

(1)

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Let V(a) = 0 and V(b) = Vo

d dV
r
0
dr dr

From (1),

dV
A
dr

or,

or,

dV A

dr r

or,

V Aln r B

(2)

For r a,V 0 , Aln a B 0

or,

B Aln a

(3)

For r b,V Vo , Aln b B Vo

or,

Vo Aln b Aln a

or,

Vo Aln
A

b
a

Vo
b
ln
a

(5)

E V

(4)

dV
A
ar V/m
dr
r

Vo 1
ar
b
ln r
a

V/m

Since, J E , and ds rd dzar

I J .ds
2 h

0 0

Vo
ln

2 h

E.ds

0 0

Vo 1
b
ln r
a

rd dz

d dz

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Vo
b

ln

(b)

2 h A

a
ln

Vo

ln

35

a
20
7.12 10 6
5
3
2 h 2 25 10 5 10

Laplace's equation: 2V 0

d 2V
0
dz 2

Integrating twice:
V Az B

(1)

Let

V 0 at z 0

And

V Vo at z h
Bo 0 and Vo Ah
A

Vo
h

Vo
z V
h

E V
J E

Vo
az V/m
h

Vo
h

az A/m2

ds rd draz

I J .ds
2

Vo
h

Vo
h

Vo
h

A
b

rd dr

d rdr

b
2

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

a2
2

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ELEC3115

Electromagnetic Engineering - Part A

Vo
h

b2 a 2 A

Vo
h

I b 2 a 2

25 10 3
2
2
5 10 5 35 10 3 20 10 3

25 10 3
5 10 5 825 10 6

R 1.93 10 5

ELEC3115 Solution of Tutorial 2

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