Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
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e-mail : ykwag@kau.ac.kr
Radar Resolution
Resolution(4-Dimension : Range, AZ, EL, Doppler)
R C / 2 C / 2 B
Radar Engineering
Radar Resolution
Enhanced Radar Resolution
- Enhanced Range Resolution using pulse Compression
Radar Engineering
D
3
bandwidth: 4.0MHz ,
PRF : 550Hz
3 dB : 1.2o
Find how for target must be spaced from one another at a range of 20km
in R , AZ , Doppler.
solution
c
3 108
range resolution R
37.5m
2 B 2 4 106
1
net pulse width : 250 109 0.25 sec
B
No. of pulse compressed : 3.5
14
0.25
cross range resolution X R 3 ( 180) 20 103 1.2 ( 180) 418.8m
Doppler resolution f d
Radar Engineering
1
1
1
8.6 Hz
TD ( N L PRI ) 64 (1 550)
4
Pulse Compression
Concept
- Process of transmitting a wide pulse (for energy & detention)
and processing it to a narrow pulse (for range resolution)
CR E C : compression ratio
Type
- Analog PC
Frequency modulation
Matched filter
B 1 E
C 1 B
- Digital PC
Phase Coded
Correlation
Radar Engineering
Radar Engineering
Radar Engineering
Radar Engineering
Radar Engineering
Pulse Compression
Digital Pulse Compression
z (t ) x( ) h(t ) d
10
Pulse Compression
Phase-Coded Waveform
- Barker codes : 13-bit code
11
Pulse Compression
- Pseudorandom codes
12
SAR Concept
- A resolution cell is specified by range and azimuth resolution
cell
Size of the processed map and the amount of signal processing involved
Cost consideration
Size of the objects the need to be resolved in the map
Radar Engineering
13
Point
Target
Detection
DBS by
Carl Wiley
in 1951
RAR
DBS
Real Aperture
Radar
Range Resolution
Radar Engineering
High
Angular
Resolution
Radar
Doppler Beam
Sharpening
High
Resolution
Imaging Radar
SAR
14
Azimuth Resolution
Korea Aerospace Univ.
15
3dB 2.0o
AZ 15o
R 10 Km
Vt 400 Kt 205.7 m s
f 10GHz
0.03 m
16
3dB 2o / 8 cells
3dB 0.25o
<Doppler Spectrum for DBS Example >
fd
2Vt
cos
Radar Engineering
17
<DBS Processing>
Radar Engineering
18
X R R Deff (radians )
X S R 2 Leff (radians )
19
Radar Engineering
20
3R Deff , 3S 2Leff
X R Leff R3 R Deff
X S 3S R
R
2 Leff
R Deff Deff
2 R
2
Radar Engineering
21
22
Unfocused SAR
* Unfocused SAR resolution
2
Leff R / 2
- Data are corrected to simulate a circular flight path around
each scatterer focusing
-If the processing is unfocussed, the scatterers must be in the far field of the
synthetic antenna limiting its length to the following value
2
Leff R / 2
since
X S
R
2 Leff
, X S (U )
R
2(R 2)
( R 2)
X S (U ) R 2
Radar Engineering
X S ( F ) Deff 2
23
Focused SAR
Processing for focused SAR
- Corrects the elemental signal phases such that all elements of the
resulting array are at the same distance from the target, after correction
for azimuth angles other than 90
Radar Engineering
24
Focusing Principle
(Rn R) 2 R 2 (nS ) 2
assum (dRn / 2 R) 1,
n2S 2
Rn
2R
The phase error associated
with the range error is :
2(2Rn ) 2n 2 S 2
n
R
<Focusing Principle>
Radar Engineering
25
Focusing Process
* Focusing Process
<Focusing Process>
Radar Engineering
26
1904
Ship
Hulsmeyer
1920-30
CW
A/C
Radar
2000
SAR
LPI
1990
MultiFunction
SAR
1980
SAR
OTH
1940
Pulsed
Radar
World WarII
1970
MTD
SAR
Radar
1950
Pulsed
DBS
Radar
1960
Phased
Array
Radar
Point
Target
Detection
DBS by
Carl Wiley
in 1951
RAR
DBS
Real Aperture
Radar
Range Resolution
Radar Engineering
High
Angular
Resolution
Radar
Doppler Beam
Sharpening
High
Resolution
Imaging Radar
SAR
28
Azimuth Resolution
Korea Aerospace Univ.
Pulse
compression
Radar Engineering
29
3dB = /L a
30
and
Complementary benefits
Day-night operation
Radar Engineering
31
Radar wavelength
Polarization
incidence angle
surface roughness
dielectric constant (related to moisture)
surface slope
Radar Engineering
32
EO Image
Radar Engineering
Washington. D.C
33
SAR Image
Radar Engineering
34
SAR
Spaceborne SAR
Airborne SAR
UAV- SAR
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
35
Lacrosse()
(200-800km)
,
SR-71, U2()
Global Hawk()
Reconnaissance Vehicle
(15-30km)
,
J-STARS()
Surveillance Aircraft
(7.5-15km)
UAV
Predator()
/
/
(7.5km)
Radar Engineering
36
Predator B
37
PL020B
04-04-03
TRM 384
4.8x0.7 m Array
13 % -18 %
Polarizations
Antenna length
4.8 m
Antenna width
0.7 m
124
Range Bandwidth
TRM 1280
5.6x1.4m Array
Parameter
Value
Frequency
Bandwidth
99.3 MHz
PRF
2905.9 ~ 4116.7 Hz
Polarization
Antenna size
5.6x 1.4 m
Power
# of TRM
1280
NESZ
-19 dB
KOMPSAT-5 in 2011
Nation
ITALY
Type /
Application
Contractors
Alenia Spazio
Equipment
Managed by
Coverage
Radarsat-2
SRTM
Project Interferometry SAR Image
Korea Aerospace University
Prof Y Kwag @ Radar Research Institute, KAU
Frequency
Launch site
Yasny, Russia
Inclination
98.5 degrees
Launching Date
TDB (2013. 5)
Life Time
5 years
Organization
Altitude
X band
550 km Down Dusk
Radar Engineering
42
SAR Applications
3-D Image
Stereo Image
Underground Exploration
Security
(Prof. Kwag)
Land Use
Risk Management
Korea Aerospace Univ.
SAR
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
- Foot Inch Cm
SpotSAR mode ATR(Recognition )
- Broadband Wideband <500MHz Ultra High Resolution
Ultra Wideband >1GHz 7GHz
- Wide Swath Strip ScanSAR SweepSAR
(Digital Beamforming)
- , , , , ,
Constellation Fast Revisit
- -> Multi-Freq./Multi-Polarization
Target Identification
- (Interferometry)InSAR
Pol-InSAR (Polarimetric Interferometric SAR)
- Anti-Jamming Bi-Static, Multi-Static SAR
(Prof. Kwag)
International Radar Conference Since 1970
2015
APSAR
2011
2016
APSAR
2013
National
IEE/IEEE
International
Radar
Conference
2017
2013
2014
EUSAR
2012
IRS
IRS
Europe
Eu-Rad
5 5 IEEE
(USA, UK, France, China, and Germany, Australia)
Korea Aerospace University
45