Hilge Dimensioning Guide For Sugar Syup and Other Viscous Media

GRUNDFOS IndustrY
DIMENSIONING GUIDE FOR INTERNAL USE

Basic principles for dimensioning and configuring Hilge
centrifugal pumps for sugar syrup and similar viscous media
DIMENSIONING GUIDE for internal use
Copyright 2011 GRUNDFOS Management A/S. All rights reserved.

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Table of Contents
Preface.................................................................................................. 6
Definitions and material data.............................................................. 7
What is viscosity?............................................................................................. 7
What is Brix?.................................................................................................... 8
What is Plato?.................................................................................................. 8
The influence of temperature on viscosity............................................... 9
Material characteristics of typical pumped media................................ 9
Crystallisation.................................................................................................10
What is CIP and what is SIP?....................................................................... 11
Types of application for centrifugal pumps....................................... 11
Suitable pumps model series and materials....................................... 12
Certificates.......................................................................................................13
Application limits...........................................................................................13
Standard mechanical seals................................................................. 14
Hilge standards...............................................................................................14
General information regarding mechanical seals................................ 16
Applications....................................................................................... 18
General information on pump dimensioning and selection............. 18
Water from vacuum degassers/evaporators......................................... 20
Finished beverage with a Brix value of 7 - 20Bx.................................. 22
Liquid sugar or syrup with a Brix value of 65 - 67Bx.......................... 24
Invert sugar with a Brix value of 72.7Bx................................................ 31
Sucrose solution with a Brix value of 73 - 75Bx.................................. 38
Frequency converter operation for centrifugal pumps...................... 40
Configuration of centrifugal pumps................................................... 41
Appendix............................................................................................. 43
Engineering Manual
dimensioning
guide //preface
General
Preface
This document is an internal reference work to provide assistance to technical staff in selecting, dimensioning and configuring Hilge centrifugal pumps.
First and foremost, it summarises the experience
gained over several decades in dimensioning pumps
as well as previous experience in using the Hilge
pump configurator.
In addition, references to customer-specific solutions
are given as well as various tips and tricks concerning
the Hilge pump configurator.
The document deals with applications in the liquid
sugar and sugar syrup processing industry, such as
in the beverage and food industries or in breweries,
where the pumped media have a viscosity of less
than 450 - 500 mPas.
As a rule, liquids with a higher viscosity cannot be
pumped efficiently using centrifugal pumps.
In such cases, positive displacement pumps, such
as the NOVAlobe rotary pump, should be used in
preference.
When selecting the mechanical seals, special attention must be paid to the application and the fact that
some types of pumped media tend to adhere or crystallise.
Vacuum applications are also described in more
detail.
The advice given in this document with regard to dimensioning centrifugal pumps is valid in general and
can be applied to other viscous liquids, provided of
course that the specific characteristics of the media
to be pumped are taken into account, in the selection
of the seal material, for example.
Fig. 1.
Hilge F&B-HYGIA I SUPER stainless
steel pump on combi-foot
Definitions and material data

What is viscosity?
The following description refers to Newtonian
fluids, which means fluids with flow characteristics
that do not change under the influence of pressure.
Viscosity is measure of a fluids behaviour.
The higher the viscosity is, the thicker (or less freeflowing) the fluid; the lower the viscosity is, the thinner (more free-flowing) the fluid.
Viscosity is a measure of a fluids internal resistance to
flow and is defined by the fluids frictional resistance
to compressive or shear stress.
The dynamic or absolute viscosity of a fluid is measured
in Pascal-seconds (or in milliPascal-seconds), usually
with the help of a rotational viscometer. Previously,
viscosity was also measured in poise (or centipoise),
and these units are still commonly used today.
Kinematic viscosity is measured in m per second (or
mm per second). It is a measure of a fluids internal
friction. The kinematic viscosity is calculated by dividing the dynamic viscosity by the density of the fluid.
kinematic viscosity
dynamic viscosity
Based on practical experience, it is not usually necessary to differentiate between kinematic and dynamic
viscosity for the types of fluid under consideration
here (which have a viscosity of less than 500 mPas),
since the flow characteristics and consequently the
dimensioning of the centrifugal pump would not be
significantly affected.
The density of the fluid, however, is of fundamental
importance in dimensioning the pump and, in particular, the motor.
dimensioning guide / definitions and material data
Typical units
mPas = milliPascal x seconds
(dynamic viscosity)
cP
(dynamic viscosity)
= centipoise
mm/s = millimetres squared per second (dynamic viscosity)
There are also various other units of measurement for

viscosity.
However, to simplify matters and to define the values
unambiguously it is advisable to use only the three
standard units mentioned above.
What is Brix?
The term Brix comes from the Austrian/German
scientist Adolf Brix.
It is used primarily in the fruit industry and in the
liquid sugar and beverage processing industries.
Since, in addition to water, the products contain
mainly various types of sugar (predominantly
glucose, fructose and sucrose), the density also gives
an approximate indication of the sugar content.
A fluid has a Brix value of 1Bx (= 1% Brix) if it has the
same density as a solution of 1 gram of sucrose in 100
grams of sucrose/water solution; it has 10Bx (= 10%
Brix) if its density is equal to that of a solution of 10
grams of sucrose in 100 g of sucrose/water solution.
The sucrose solution is used merely as a reference
material here; the fluid being measured needs not
contain sucrose.
The unit of measurement is Bx.
What is Plato?
The term Plato comes from the German scientist and
chemist Fritz Plato.
The degree Plato is a unit of measurement used by
brewers to measure the original wort content. By definition, a wort with 1 Plato has the same mass density
as an aqueous sucrose solution with a percentage of
sucrose by weight of 1%. The unit of measurement is P.
The influence of temperature on viscosity

The temperature of a fluid has a dramatic effect on its
viscosity. See fig. 2.
The viscosity increases significantly as the temperature falls. It is important, therefore, to take into account the temperature as well as the viscosity of a
fluid when dimensioning centrifugal pumps.
Fig. 2.
The influence of temperature on viscosity.
Material characteristics of typically

pumped media
Typical pumped media
In the beverage industry, both liquid sugar and invert
sugar syrup are used in the production processes.
Before dimensioning the pumps, it is therefore essential to ask the customer whether liquid sugar or
invert sugar syrup is to be pumped.
Liquid sugar
Crystalline sucrose dissolved in water, with at least
62% and no more than 75% dry matter. Liquid sugar with a dry matter content of 66.5% has the best
solubility and is therefore the most commonly used
concentration.
Liquid sugar (sucrose solution) has a maximum degree of inversion of 3%. It is a product in which no
inversion/hydrolysis has taken place (e.g.: 66.5%
sucrose/33.5 % water). It is a foam-free, crystal clear,
colourless solution that contains no particles.
Due to the low degree of inversion, it has a higher
density and viscosity than a comparable invert sugar
syrup solution.
Invert sugar syrup
This term refers to liquid sugars that contain invert
sugar, whereby the dry matter content of invert sugar
is higher than 50%.
For all application scenarios involving invert sugar
syrup, it is assumed that the syrup is the standard
72.7/67 product.
72.7 refers to the dry matter in per cent (%) or Brix
and 67 is the degree of inversion or inversion rate.
9
dimensioning guide / definitions and material data
This product contains 1/3 sucrose (disaccharide), 1/3

fructose (monosaccharide) and 1/3 glucose (monosaccharide).
As a result of the hydrolysis/inversion of the sucrose to
form fructose and glucose, invert sugar syrup has a lower density and viscosity than a comparable liquid sugar.
The great advantage of invert sugar syrup is its standardisation and sensory stability.
Glucose syrup (starch syrup)
Glucose syrup, or starch syrup, consists of vegetable
starch and is produced by the hydrolysis (saccharification) of this starch.
It is a concentrated, aqueous solution.
The dry matter of commercially available glucose
syrups is usually around 80% and the viscosity of
conventional glucose syrups is significantly higher
than that of liquid sugar or invert sugar.
Glucose syrup is usually pumped using NOVAlobe
rotary pumps, but lower viscosity syrups can also be
pumped using centrifugal pumps.
The same rules then apply as for liquid sugar and invert sugar.
Table 1 gives an overview of the material properties
(guideline values) of liquid sugar and invert sugar syrup, stating their density and viscosity values at 20C.
Crystallisation
Crystallisation, meaning the formation of crystals in
a liquid sugar or invert sugar syrup, can take place
under certain conditions.
The most significant influences are low temperatures
and high saturation levels.
Crystals in the pumped medium can be abrasive,
which means that the possible presence of crystals in
the medium must be taken into account when selecting materials, for the mechanical seals in particular.
The material combinations of carbon/stainless steel
10
Viscosity [mPas] at 20C

Density
Liquid sugar
sucrose
solution
Invert sugar
(degree of
inversion: 67)
Brix
[kg/dm]
50
1.230
15
55
1.260
28
60
1.286
58
61
1.292
69
62
1.298
82
63
1.304
99
64
1.310
120
65
1.316
147
66
1.322
182
67
1.329
227
68
1.334
288
69
1.340
370
70
1.347
481
72.7
1.360
448
75
1.380
2330
80
1.410
20700
85
1.450
541000
90
1.480
95
1.520
Rounded values
Table 1. Viscosity values
and silicon carbide/carbon can therefore be excluded.

A silicon carbide/silicon carbide combination is the
best choice in this case.
What is CIP and what is SIP?

CIP = Cleaning In Place
CIP refers to cleaning procedures in which an entire
system with all its equipment, including the pumps, is
cleaned without dismantling the system or any of its
components. This is achieved using a cleaning fluid.
As a rule, weak acids and alkaline solutions are used
as well as water at different temperatures.
SIP = Sterilisation In Place
SIP refers to a process in which a system that has previously been cleaned using a CIP method is sterilised
using superheated steam (above 121.1C). Sterilisation kills microorganisms and inactivates viruses. This
process sterilises the entire assembled system in situ.
Types of application for centrifugal pumps

Since liquid sugar and invert sugar processing
systems in the beverage industry usually are also
used for pumping other media (such as water and
CIP fluids), these media are also dealt with in this
document.
The following pumped media and applications are
covered:
Water (vacuum degasser/evaporator)
Finished beverage with a Brix value of 7 - 20Bx
Liquid sugar or syrup with a Brix value of 65 - 67Bx
Invert sugar with a Brix value of 72.7Bx
Sucrose solution with a Brix value of 73 - 75Bx
sometimes with crystalline components
When using a centrifugal pump with these media,
two basic decisions must be made: the selection of
a suitable pump and motor, and the selection of a
11
dimensioning guide / types of applications for centrifugal pumps
suitable mechanical seal.

The following factors must be taken into account
when dimensioning the pump and the motor:
Viscosity
Density
Pumping from a vacuum system or vacuum tank
(negative suction pressure)
The following questions must be asked when selecting the mechanical seal:
Does the pumped medium contain crystalline components?
Does the medium tend to adhere?
Can the medium dry out?
At what temperature is the medium?
Is it pumped from a vacuum system?
Suitable pumps model ranges and

materials
Pump ranges
The following series of Hilge sanitary and process
pumps are most suitable for the above-mentioned
types of application:
Euro-HYGIA
F&B-HYGIA
Contra
HYGIANA
NOVAlobe
Pump materials
As a rule, these types of application do not involve
chemically aggressive or abrasive media.
The material standard (1.4404/1.4435, or similar corresponding to 316L) with electropolished surfaces,
which is commonly used in the food industry and in
all Hilge pumps, is adequate for these applications.
The pump material is therefore not discussed in this
document.
12
Certificates
Certificates can be provided for all the pumps of the
ranges Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA, Contra and NOVAlobe.
Certificate
EHEDG
Certificate
Table 2 shows a small selection of the certificates that

can be provided for HILGE pumps.
FDA
Certificate
USP Class VI
Certificate
Manufacturer's
certificate in
accordance
with DIN EN
10204, 3.1
Manufacturer's
certificate in
accordance
with DIN EN
10204, 2.2
ATEX
declaration of
conformity
GOST
Certificate
CE declaration
of conformity
Further certificates, documents and acceptance test

certificates are available and can also be provided for
other Hilge pump series.
Application limits
When used to pump viscous media, the limitations
of centrifugal pumps are primarily determined by
the size of the pump. In general, it can be said that
larger pumps are better suited to pumping viscous
media than small pumps.
As a rule, centrifugal pumps can be used successfully
for fluids with a viscosity of up to approximately 450 500 mPas. With higher values, an assessment should
be made in each case to determine whether the use
of a centrifugal pump would still be economic, or
whether a rotary pump would be more suitable despite the significantly higher acquisition costs.
There is no clear limiting value here, however.
Euro-
F&B-
NOVA-
HYGIA HYGIA Contra HYGIANA
lobe
Table 2. Certificates
For viscosity values higher than 1000 mPas, the use

of a centrifugal pump cannot be recommended.
13
dimensioning guide / STAndard mechanical seals
Standard mechanical seals

Hilge standards
The standard mechanical seals for Hilge pumps, as
defined on the right, are adequate in the majority
of cases and should be used in preference to others
wherever possible.
In individual cases or at the request of the customer,
however, it may be necessary to use higher quality
seal materials or models (such as tandem seals or
flushed, single mechanical seals/quench).
It is also possible, in principle, to use other seal materials or models, but the feasibility of these must be
checked in each case. See fig. 3 and fig. 4.
A list of the mechanical seals used as standard with
Hilge sanitary and process pumps is given below
and shows the various combinations of seal face
materials and secondary (elastomeric) seal materials.
Material code (excerpt):

a = hard carbon, resin-impregnated
e = stainless steel
k = silicon carbide (solid SiC)

i = silicon carbide ( SiC - shrunk, in stainless

steel carrier material)
E = EPDM, with FDA conformity
H = EPDM, with FDA and USP Class VI conformity
Comprehensive information on Hilge mechanical

seals can be found in the brochure Seals for Hilge
Pumps.
14
Fig. 3. Hilge standard mechanical

seal with encapsulated spring
Fig. 4. Hilge standard mechanical

seal with open conical spring
Pump type
Euro-HYGIA I
F&B-HYGIA I
Euro-HYGIA II
F&B-HYGIA II
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Contra II
(1 - 5 stage)
HYGIANA I
(2 - 6 stage)
HYGIANA II
(2 - 5 stage)
HYGIANA III
(2 - 4 stage)
NOVAlobe
Encoding of seal
Material code
Characteristics of seal
Hilge 3A1-001-19-aeE-O3
Hard carbon, resin

impregnated/stainless steel/EPDM
FDA Conform
Unbalanced,
open spring
Yes
Hard carbon, resin

Unbalanced,
open spring
Yes
Hard carbon, resin

Unbalanced,
open spring
Yes
Hard carbon, resin

Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Hilge 3A2-001-28-akE-O1
Hard carbon, resin,

impregnated/SiC/
EPDM
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Hard carbon, resin

Unbalanced,
open spring
Yes
Hilge 3A1-BS2-28-aiE-O1
Hard carbon, resin,

impregnated/SiC/
EPDM
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Hilge 3A1-BS2-38-aiE-O1
Hard carbon, resin,

impregnated/SiC/
EPDM
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Hilge 3A2-NOE-XX-aiE O1
Hard carbon, resin,

impregnated/SiC/
EPDM
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Table 3. Standard mechanical seals and standard seal materials for the various Hilge pump series
15
dimensioning guide / STAndard mechanical seals
General information regarding mechanical seals

Using mechanical seals in a vacuum applications
All balanced (-O1) standard mechanical seals are
suitable for use in vacuum conditions.
All unbalanced (-O3) standard mechanical seals are
suitable for use in vacuum conditions in some cases
only. The limiting values (depending on the shaft diameter) lie at a maximum negative pressure of 0.3
0.4 bar (max. 600 700 mbar abs.).
If these limits are exceeded, mechanical seals with a
higher spring tension (-O5) or balanced mechanical
seals (-O1) must be used.
Dry running and insufficient lubrication
It is well known, of course, that premature wear and
a significantly shorter service life can be caused by an
inadequate supply of fluids to the mechanical seal.
It is important to ensure, therefore, that sufficient
fluid (pumped medium) is always supplied to the
mechanical seal.
Applications involving critical media or conditions
With media that tend to adhere or dry out, the pump
must be cleaned and rinsed out each time before
switching off.
In critical cases, where pumps have only low inlet
pressure or are used to pump crystallising or adhesive
media, for example, the use of double mechanical
seals in tandem arrangement, or single mechanical,
flushed seals (quench) is recommended.
Tandem seal or quench?
A tandem mechanical seal is a double sealing
system whereby two normal single mechanical seals are arranged in series (in tandem) on
the pump shaft.
The space (flush chamber) between the two
single seals (on the product side and atmosphere side) is used to supply the sliding surfaces with external cooling or lubricating fluid.
16
Fig. 5. Schematic presentation of

double mechanical seal in tandem
version
This supply must be unpressurised (maximum

positive pressure = 0.2 - 0.4 bar). See fig. 5.

A quench seal is a single, flushed mechanical

seal. The task of sealing the atmosphere side
is not performed by a mechanical seal in this
case, but by a radial shaft seal (lip seal) made of
EPDM. The supply must be unpressurised (maximum positive pressure = 0.2 bar). See fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Schematic presentation of

double mechanical seal in tandem
version
Both of these sealing systems work in exactly the

same way and their technical applications are broadly comparable.
The quench model is limited by the chemical resistance of the material used (EPDM shaft seal) and by
the lower maximum temperature (125C).
The same supply systems can be used to supply both
types of sealing system with flushing fluid.
Which system for which pump?
Hilge centrifugal pumps can be fitted with the following sealing systems:
- Euro-HYGIA
: tandem mechanical seal
- HYGIANA
- Contra
- F&B-HYGIA
: quench
The rotary pumps of the NOVAlobe range can be fitted

either with double-acting mechanical seals arranged
in tandem or with single, flushed mechanical seals
(quench).
The more cost-effective quench model can usually be
used, but this will depend on the technical application limits.
17
dimensioning guide / applications
Applications
General information on pump dimensioning and selection
Comparison curve
1. = with water
2. = with a viscous liquid, approx. 450 mPas
Selecting the impeller

Due to the low power requirement and improved
efficiency curve, impellers with narrower blades
should be selected.
For single-stage pumps, open impellers are preferable. For multistage pumps, an open impeller should
also be chosen for the first stage (suction side).
Plant and pumping systems
On the suction side of the pump we recommend the
installation of a long inlet suction line, with a length
of at least 5 to approximately 10 times the diameter
18
Fig. 7. Pump characteristic curve
Head H [mWc]
Pump characteristic curve

With all centrifugal pump models, the head, zero flow
(max. pressure) for higher viscous media (irrespective
of the viscosity) within the range under consideration,
i.e. less than 500 mPas, is approximately the same or
even slightly higher than for water.
As the flow rate increases, however, the discharge
head for viscous media decreases significantly in
compared to the discharge head for water.
This is due to the increasing losses within the pump,
or impeller, and differs depending on the type of
pump and impeller, even within a single range of
pumps. The power requirement increases significantly, of course, with increasing viscosity, and an increase
in viscosity results in a severe reduction in efficiency.
Fig. 7. shows the Q/H curve under the influence of
increased viscosity, using a multistage pump in this
example.
Flow Q [m/h]
of the pipe.
No bends or fittings should be installed immediately
upstream of the pump, since these create turbulent
flow and vortices in the pipe.
NPSH
Always choose pumps with good NPSH values.
The NPSH value of the pump should be at least 0.5 m
less than the NPSH value of the systems.
Correction factors
Appendix 1 shows a diagram with correction factors
for the correct technical dimensioning of centrifugal
pumps for use with viscous media.
This diagram complies with the STANDARDS OF THE
HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE, New York, USA and is generally accepted.
The calculation of the correction factors is demonstrated in Appendix 1A for the following example.
- Operating point Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 m
- Medium:
liquid sugar, approx. 67Bx
- Density:
approx. 1.33 kg/dm
- Viscosity:
approx. 230 mPas approx. 175 mm/s.
The correction factors can be read off from the corresponding C lines.
- Discharge head = CH (curve 1.0 x Qopt should be chosen)
- Flow rate
= CQ
- Efficiency
= Cq
The values determined in this way serve as reference

points when selecting a pump.
19
Water from vacuum degassers/evaporators

Pumped medium: water, CIP
Viscosity:
< 1 mPas
Density:
< 1 kg/dm
Temperature:
approx. 20C - 85C
Application:
pumping out from a vacuum
degasser or evaporator
Special features of this application

The system pressure in the vacuum degasser is only
slightly higher than the vapour pressure of the pumped medium.
The system pressure in the evaporator is lower than
the vapour pressure of the pumped medium.
A) Selecting and dimensioning the pumps
Since the pumps are to be used to pump water or
fluids similar to water, the pumps can be dimensioned
using the Hilge Pump Selector, on the basis of the
customers operating data.
The NPSH value of the pump should be as low as possible and 0.5 m lower than the NPSH value of the system.
If there is no pump available with a sufficiently low
NPSH value, it may be advisable to install an inducer,
particularly for larger pumps (> 50 m/h), to improve
the NPSH value of the pump.
If the flow velocity in the suction side pipeline is too
low when pumping from a vacuum, there is a danger
in longer suction pipes that the continuous flow may
be interrupted.
For this reason, a nominal diameter for the suction port
or suction pipe must be selected that ensures a minimum flow velocity of approximately 1.5 - 2.0 m/sec.
It is important to ensure that the nominal diameter
of the suction side pipework is the same, or almost
the same, as the nominal diameter of the pumps suction port and that a long inlet suction line section of
pipe is installed directly upstream of the pump (see
page 18).
20
Note
When dimensioning a pump that is required to pump from a vacuum to atmospheric pressure, it is
essential to consider the pumping capacity required on the suction side as well as the pumping capacity
of the pump on the pressure side!
The following details must therefore be obtained from the customer without fail.
Is the pump required to pump from a vacuum to a vacuum or from a vacuum to atmospheric pressure?
Is the specified pressure on the suction side the absolute pressure or the negative pressure?
Is the required pressure, p, the manometer value on the pressure side or is it the p of the pump
does the discharge head specified by the customer already take the vacuum into account)?
Selecting the mechanical seal (pumps in vacuum operation)

The reason for selecting the following mechanical
seals is the reduced pressure applied against the
sliding surfaces due to the vacuum when the pump
is not active. During operation, this reduction is no
longer significant.
The preferred seals are single mechanical seals
with material pairings of carbon/stainless-steel, or
carbon/silicon carbide. At the customers request, the
material pairing of silicon carbide/silicon carbide can
also be used. See table 4.
Range
Euro-HYGIA
F&B-HYGIA
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Mechanical seal
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Table 4. Selecting the mechanical seal

xx = diameter of shaft
Materials
Spring
Code of
mechanical seal
Carbon /stainless steel /

EPDM (aeE)
Vacuum spring (-O5)
001-XX-aeE-O5
SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiH)
Balanced mechanical seal (-O1)
001-XX-kiH-O1
Carbon / stainless steel /

EPDM (aeE)
Vacuum spring (-O5)
001-XX-aeE-O5
SiC / SiC /EPDM (kiH)
001-XX-kiH-O1

EPDM (aeE)
Vacuum spring (-O5)
001-xx-aeE-O5
001-xx-kiH-O1

EPDM (aeE)
Single (001E)
001-xx-aeE-O1
Carbon / SiC /EPDM (aiH)*
Contra II
HYGIANA I
001-xx-aiH-O1
Single (001E)
001-xx-kiH-O1
Single (001E)

EPDM (aeE)
Vacuum spring (-O5)
001-xx-aeE-O5
Carbon / SiC / EPDM (aiE)*
HYGIANA II / III
001-xx-kiH-O1
Single (BS2E)
SiC / SiC /EPDM (kiE)
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
BS2-XX-kiE-O1
*The version carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) is used as standard in these ranges.
21
Finished beverage with a Brix value of

7 - 20Bx
Pumped medium:

alcohol-free drinks, lemonade,

mixed beverages, CIP
Viscosity:
< 10 mPas
Density:
approx. 1 kg/dm
Temperature:
approx. 20C - 85C
Application:

pumping into the carbonating

system, into the filler system, etc.

Risk of gas escaping from fluids containing CO2 (must
be taken into account when planning the facility).
The pumped media (e.g. fruit juices) may contain
fibres.
A) Selecting and dimensioning the pumps
The pump range Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA, Contra
and HYGIANA (at least 3A1 standard) should be
selected in preference to others.
For fruit juices that contain fibres, single-stage pumps
with open impellers are the preferred choice.
Since the pumps are to be used to pump fluids that
are similar to water, the pumps can be dimensioned
using the Hilge Pump Selector, on the basis of the
customers operating data.
The NPSH value of the pump should be as low as
possible and 0.5 m lower than the NPSH value of the
system.
B) Selecting the mechanical seal for all the
pump ranges
Standard mechanical seals as shown in Table 3, are generally adequate and are the preferred choice.
In individual cases (such as with strawberry juice or
other fruit juices containing small pips) it may be
necessary to select a wear-resistant mechanical seal, in
which case standard mechanical seals with the material
pairing of silicon carbide/silicon carbide are preferred.
22

For flash pasteurizer systems, one of the Euro-HYGIA
range pumps with a bolted housing closure (HPM)
and balanced mechanical seal (-O1) are often used
due to the high system pressure.
If fruit juices containing fibres are to be pumped, a
mechanical seal with an encapsulated spring should
be used.
This type of mechanical seal prevents the spring from
becoming clogged or blocked.
Balanced mechanical seals (-O1) fulfil this requirement! See table 5.

Range
Euro-HYGIA
F&B-HYGIA
Mechanical seal
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Single (001E)
Spring
Single (001E)
Unbalanced mechanical seal (-O3)
001-XX-aeE-O3
SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE)
001-XX-kiH-O3

EPDM (aeE)
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3

EPDM (aeE)
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-xx-kiE-O3
001-xx-aeE-O1
Carbon / SiC /EPDM (aiH)*
Contra II
HYGIANA I
001-xx-kiH-O1
001-xx-aiH-O1
Single (001E)
001-xx-kiH-O1
Single (001E)

EPDM (aeE)
001-xx-aeE-O5

EPDM (aeE)
HYGIANA II / III
Code of
mechanical seal

EPDM (aeE)

EPDM (aeE)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Materials
Single (BS2E)
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
BS2-XX-kiE-O1
*The versions of carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) are used as standard in these ranges.
23
Liquid sugar or syrup with a Brix value of

65 - 67Bx
Pumped medium:
liquid sugar or syrup, CIP
Viscosity:
< 230 mPas
Density:
max. 1.33 kg/dm
Temperature:
approx. 20C - 85C
Application:
for example, pumping from the
tanker to the storage tank, or to the

mixer, etc.

The medium does not contain CO2, so there is no danger of the gas separating out.
The pumped media (concentrated fruit juice) could
contain fruit fibres.
As the temperature decreases, the viscosity of the
medium changes; the medium is assumed to be at a
temperature of 20C in the following.
Important
Be sure to find out from the customer the exact temperature of the medium at the point where it is to be
pumped and take this into account when dimensioning the pump (e.g. delivery of the product via tanker
in winter!).
A) Selecting and dimensioning the pump
Preferred pump series: Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA,
Contra and HYGIANA.
Due to their superior efficiency, particularly at low
flow rates, multistage pumps are better suited to conveying viscous media.
The NPSH value of the pump should be as low as
possible and 0.5 m lower than the NPSH value of the
system.
24
Note
The pumps are usually required to pump water or
CIP fluid in addition to the product (liquid sugar or
syrup). If different operating points arise from
auxiliary processes involving non-viscous fluids,
these must be taken into account in the dimensio-
ning of the pump.
In these cases, frequency-regulated pumps should
be used if possible.
The customer specifications and data must be
checked: Is the required discharge head given in
bar or in pressure head (metres)? See table 6.
Pumped
medium
Invert
sugar
Water/
CIP
As a comparison:
Alcohol
Density
(kg/dm)
1.33
1.00
0.794
Discharge
head (m)
10.00
10.00
10.00
Pressure
(manometer
reading in
bar)
1.33
1.00
0.794
Rounded values.
Table 6.
Dimensioning example
Pumped medium:
liquid sugar
Density:
1.33 kg/dm
Viscosity:
230 mPas
Dimensioning a pump with the discharge pressure

given in metres of head.
The following description shows the technically correct procedure for dimensioning a centrifugal pump
that is to be used for pumping a viscous fluid. All the
data is assumed to be in metres of head.
The pump dimensioning data for water must be determined with the aid of correction factors for the
flow rate Q and discharge head H in accordance with
the diagram (see diagram in Appendix 1).
Using these values, the right pump can then be selected using the Hilge Pump Selector.
In selecting the correct motor, the density and the
correction factor must be taken into account.
25
Example
Desired operating point:
Flow rate Q:
10 m/h
Discharge head H:
40 m
Correction factors according to the diagram

(Appendix 1)
Correction factor for flow rate CQ:
0.75
Correction factor for discharge head CH:
0.78
Correction factor for efficiency C:
0.32
This gives the following operating point for the pump

when pumping water:
Flow rate:
Q / 0.75 = 13.5 m/h
Discharge head:
H / 0.78 = 51.5 m
Selected pump:
Contra II/2
Impellers:
OU 175 mm/150 mm
Power requirement at the operating point:

approx. 4.4 kW
(when pumping water)
(Appendix 2)
Motor dimensioning (theoretical)

power
Power requirement at the operating point x density
= requirement
Correction factor
[kW]
4.4 kW x 1.33
0.32
= 18.3 kW
selected motor = 18.5 kW
Motor dimensioning (practical)

In practice, it has been found that the efficiency correction factor, C, taken from the diagram is clearly
too high.
For this reason, a correction factor of approximately
0.70 to 0.60 (maximum) is recommended for viscosity
values of less than 230 mPas.
26
4.4 kW x 1.33
= 9.75 kW
0.6
Selected pump
Contra II/2, motor 11.0 kW, 2-pole (see Q/H diagram
in Appendix 2)
At the operating point, the actual discharge head of

the pump in the cited example is 40 m = 5.32 bar!
Dimensioning a pump with the required discharge
pressure given in bar
The following description shows a simplified procedure for dimensioning a centrifugal pump that is to
be used for pumping a viscous fluid. All the data is
assumed to be in bar.
Note
This method of dimensioning is not actually correct
from a technical point of view, but it simplifies the
dimensioning of the pump by leaving out the conversion of the operating data to water values.
Many years of experience have proved this method to
be reliable in providing a practically applicable result.
The pump dimensions are calculated based on the
flow rate and pressure, without taking correction factors into account.
Assumption (!)
Pumped medium:
Density:
water
1.0 kg/dm
10 m = 1 bar
Example
Desired operating point
Flow rate:
10 m/h
Discharge head:
40 m = 4 bar
27
Selected pump
Contra II/2
Impellers OU 175mm/120 mm
Motor selection
The calculated power requirement is increased by the
actual density of the pumped medium squared.
The resulting power requirement is then increased by
adding one motor power stage.
Selected pump: Contra II/2
Power requirement at the operating point:
approx. 2.9 kW (when pumping water) (Appendix 3)
Selecting the motor size
Power requirement at the operating point [kW] x density x density + one motor size = selected motor [kW].
2.9 kW x 1.33 x 1.33 + one motor size = selected motor [kW]
5.15 kW + one motor size
= selected motor [kW]
7.5 kW
Selected pump
in Appendix 3)
Attention: Using the simplified method described

above for dimensioning a centrifugal pump, the actual discharge head of the pump in this example is
only about 30.0 m = 4 bar at the operating point!
Special case of warm sugar syrup at approx. 40 60C
Provided that the temperature of the medium can never fall below the stated temperature of 40C (check
this with the customer!), the viscosity can be ignored
in this case when dimensioning the pump, since it is
similar to water.
28
The pump can be dimensioned using the Selector,

based on the performance data specified. The
density of the medium must be taken into account
in selecting the motor, but further reserves need not
be included.
B) Selecting the mechanical seal
Cold media up to a maximum of 35 - 40C
Single mechanical seal, carbon/stainless steel/EPDM
or carbon/silicon carbide/EPDM.
At the customers request, the material combination
of silicon carbide/silicon carbide/EPDM can also be
used. See table 7.

Range
Mechanical
seal
Materials
Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE)
Euro-HYGIA
Single (001E)
F&B-HYGIA
Single (001E)
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Single (001E)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Single (001E)
Contra II
Single (001E)
HYGIANA I
Single (001E)
HYGIANA II / III Single (001E)
Spring
unbalanced mechanical
seal (-O3)
seal (-O3)
seal (-O3)
balanced mechanical
seal (-O1)
balanced mechanical
seal (-O1)
seal (-O3)
balanced mechanical
seal (-O1)
Code of
mechanical seal
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O1
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aiH-O1
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
001-XX-kiE-O3
29
Hot media, above 40C

Double mechanical seal arranged in tandem. Carbon/
stainless steel/EPDM (product and atmosphere sides),
or carbon/silicon carbide/EPDM at the product side
and carbon/stainless steel/EPDM at the atmosphere
side.
In individual cases (at the request of the customer)
silicon carbide/silicon carbide/EPDM can also be used
on the product side. See table 8.

Range
Mechanical
seal
Materials
Carbon /stainless steel
/EPDM (aeE)
Euro-HYGIA
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
F&B-HYGIA
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
Single (001E)

Carbon / SiC / EPDM
(aiE)*
Contra II
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
HYGIANA I
Single (001E)

Carbon / SiC / EPDM
(aiE)*
HYGIANA II / III
Single (001E)
Spring
(product side)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
unbalanced
unbalanced
balanced
balanced
unbalanced
balanced
Code of
mechanical
seal
(product side)
Code of
mechanical
seal (atmosphere side)
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
radial shaft seal
001-XX-kiE-O3
radial shaft seal
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-aiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-xx-aeE-O3
30
As a general rule, on the atmosphere side all the

pump ranges can be fitted with directionally-dependent standard mechanical seals with the material
combination of carbon/stainless steel/EPDM (Hilge
3A1-001-XX-aeE-O3).
For the pump range F&B-HYGIA, a flushed single
mechanical seal (quench) must be used instead of the
double mechanical seal.
Fig. 8. Vertically positioned Hilge

Contra stainless steel pump with
double mechanical seal arranged
in tandem with a complete, fixed,
flushing circuit.
Supply of flushing water

Flushing water can be supplied to the mechanical
seal via a closed flushing circuit (tank) - regular replacement of the fluid is advantageous and strongly
recommended - or by means of continuous throughflushing.
The flushing fluid used must behave neutrally in combination with the pumped product as well as with the
pump and seal materials.
Clean, demineralised water satisfies this requirement
to a high degree and is recommended. See fig. 8.
Invert sugar with Brix value of 72.7Bx

Pumped medium:
invert sugar, CIP
Viscosity:
< 450 mPas
Density:
max. 1.36 kg/dm
Temperature:
approx. 20C - 85C,
Application:

for example, pumping from the

tanker to the storage tank, or to
the mixer, etc.

The medium does not contain CO2, so there is no danger of the gas separating out.
As the temperature decreases, the viscosity of the
medium changes; the medium is assumed to be at a
temperature of 20C in the following.
31
Important: Be sure to find out from the customer the

exact temperature of the medium at the point where
it is to be pumped and take this into account when
dimensioning the pump (e.g. delivery of the product
via tanker in winter!)
A.) Selecting and dimensioning the pumps
Preferred pump ranges:
Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA, Contra, HYGIANA.
Due to their superior efficiency, particularly at low
flow rates, multistage pumps are better suited to conveying viscous media.
The NPSH value of the pump should be as low as possible and 0.5 m lower than the NPSH value of the system.
Note
The pumps are usually required to pump water or CIP
fluid in addition to the product (liquid sugar or syrup).
If different operating points arise from auxiliary
processes involving non-viscous fluids, these must
be taken into account in the dimensioning of the
pump. In these cases, frequency-regulated pumps
should be used if possible.
The customer specifications and data must be
checked: Is the specified discharge head given in bar
or in pressure head (metres)? See table 9.
Pumped
medium
Invert
sugar
Water/
CIP
As a comparison:
Alcohol
Density
(kg/dm)
1,36
1,00
0,794
Discharge
head (m)
10,00
10,00
10,00
Pressure
(manometer
reading in
bar)
1,36
1,00
0,794
Rounded values.
Table 9.
Dimensioning example
Pumped medium:
invert sugar
Density:
1.36 kg/dm
Viscosity:
450 mPas
Note
Based on practical experience, it can be assumed that
for the viscosity values dealt with here and at operating points of Q > 5 m/h and H > 40, the use of Euro
HYGIA I / F&B-HYGIA pump sizes is not appropriate.
Euro-HYGIA II / F&B-HYGIA II pump sizes should be
preferred in this case, or a multistage pump from the
Contra or HYGIANA ranges.
32

given in metres of head
The following description shows the technically correct procedure for dimensioning a centrifugal pump
that is to be used for pumping a viscous fluid. All the
data is assumed to be in metres of head.

The pump dimensioning data for water must be determined with the aid of correction factors for the
flow rate Q and discharge head H in accordance with
the diagram (see diagram in Appendix 1).
Using these values, the correct pump can then be selected using the Hilge Pump Selector.
In selecting the right motor, the density and the correction factor must be taken into account.
Example
Flow rate:
10 m/h
Discharge head:
40 m
Correction factors according to the diagram

(Appendix 1)
Correction factor for flow rate CQ:
0.62
Correction factor for discharge head CH: 0.72
Correction factor for efficiency C:
<0.20
This gives the following operating point for the pump
when pumping water:
Flow rate:
Q / 0.62 = 16.2 m/h.
Discharge head:
H / 0.72 = 55.5 m
Selected pump:
Contra II/2
Impellers:
OU 175mm/165 mm
Power requirement at the operating point: approx.

5.5 kW (when pumping water) (Appendix 4)
33
Selecting the motor size (theoretical method)

power
Power requirement at the operating point x density
= requirement
Correction factor
[kW]
5.5 kW x 1.36
0.2
= 37.4 kW
This means that: It would not be possible to use the

pump, since the Contra II range has a maximum permissible motor output of 18.5 kW.
Selecting the motor size (practical method)
In practice, it has been found that the efficiency correction factor, C, taken from the diagram is clearly
too high.
For this reason, a correction factor of approximately
0.60 to 0.50 (maximum) is recommended for viscosity
values of less than 450 mPas.
5.5 kW x 1.36
0.5
= 14.9 kW
Selected pump
in Appendix 4)
At the operating point, the actual discharge head of
the pump in the cited example is 40 m = 5.44 bar!
given in bar
The following description shows a procedure for dimensioning a centrifugal pump that is to be used for
pumping a viscous fluid. All the data is assumed to
be in bar.
34
Note
This method of dimensioning is not actually correct
from a technical point of view, but it simplifies the
dimensioning of the pump by leaving out the conversion of the operating data to water values.
Many years of experience have proved this method to
be reliable in providing a practically applicable result.
The pump dimensions are calculated based on the
flow rate and pressure, without taking correction factors into account
Assumption (!)
Pumped medium:
Water
Density:
1.0 kg/dm
10 m head = 1 bar
Example
Flow rate:
10 m/h
Discharge head:
40 m = 4 bar

Selected pump
Contra II/2 impellers OU 175 mm/120 mm
The calculated power requirement is increased by the
actual density of the pumped medium squared.
The resulting power requirement is then increased by
adding one motor power stage.
Motor selection
Selected pump: Contra II/2
Power requirement at the operating point: approx.
2.8 kW (when pumping water) (Appendix 5)
Selecting the motor size
Power requirement at the operating point [kW] x
density x density + one motor size
2.8 kW x 1.36 x 1.36 + one motor size =selected motor [kW]
5.2 kW + one motor size
7.5 kW

35
Selected pump
Contra II/2, motor 7.5 kW, 2-pole
(see Q/H diagram in Appendix 5)
Attention: Using the simplified method for dimensioning a centrifugal pump, the actual discharge
head of the pump in this example is only about 29.5
m = 4 bar at the operating point !
Special case of warm invert sugar at approx. 40 60C
Provided that the temperature of the medium can never fall below the stated temperature of 40C (check
this with the customer!), the viscosity can be ignored
in this case when dimensioning the pump, since it is
similar to water.
The pump can be dimensioned using the Selector, based on the performance data specified. The density of
the medium must be taken into account in selecting
the motor, however, although further reserves need
not be included.
Range
Mechanical
seal
Euro-HYGIA
Single (001E)
F&B-HYGIA
Single (001E)
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Single (001E)
Materials
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)

Single (001E)

Contra II
Single (001E)

HYGIANA I
Single (001E)

HYGIANA II / III
Single (001E)

Spring
unbalanced
unbalanced
unbalanced
balanced
balanced
unbalanced
balanced
36
Code of
mechanical seal
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O1
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aiH-O1
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
001-XX-kiE-O1
B.) Selecting the mechanical seal

Cold media up to a maximum of 35 - 40C
Single mechanical seal, carbon/stainless steel/EPDM
or carbon/silicon carbide/EPDM. At the customers
request, the material combination of silicon carbide/
silicon carbide/EPDM can also be used. see table 10.
Hot media, above 40C
Double mechanical seal arranged in tandem. Carbon/
stainless steel/EPDM (product and atmosphere sides),
or carbon/silicon carbide/EPDM at the product side
and carbon/stainless steel/EPDM at the atmosphere
side.
In individual cases (at the request of the customer)
silicon carbide/silicon carbide/EPDM can also be used
on the product side. See table 11.
General note
As a matter of principle, impellers with
narrow blades should be selected; open
impellers are preferred for single-stage
pumps.

Range
Euro-HYGIA
F&B-HYGIA
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Contra II
HYGIANA I
HYGIANA II / III
Mechanical
seal
Materials
Spring
(product side)
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
unbalanced
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
unbalanced
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
unbalanced
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
balanced
Single (001E)
Carbon / SiC / EPDM

(aiE)*
Single (001E)

/EPDM (aeE)
Single (BS2E)
Carbon / SiC / EPDM

(aiE)*
balanced
unbalanced
balanced
Code of
mechanical
seal
(product side)
Code of
mechanical
seal (atmosphere side)
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
radial shaft seal
001-XX-kiE-O3
radial shaft seal
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-aiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
37
As a general rule, on the atmosphere side all the

pump ranges can be fitted with directionally dependent standard mechanical seals with the material
combination of carbon/stainless steel/EPDM (Hilge
3A1-001-XX-aeE-O3).
For the pump series F&B-HYGIA, a flushed single
mechanical seal (quench) must be used instead of the
double mechanical seal.
Fig. 9. Euro-HYGIA with flushing system
Supply of flushing water

Flushing water can be supplied to the mechanical
seal via a closed flushing circuit (tank) - regular replacement of the fluid is advantageous and strongly
recommended - or by means of continuous throughflushing.
The flushing fluid used must behave neutrally in combination with the pumped product as well as with the
pump and seal materials.
Clean, demineralised water satisfies this requirement
to a high degree and is recommended. See fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Sucrose solution with a Brix value of

73 - 75Bx
Pumped medium:
sucrose solution
Viscosity:
> 500 up to approx. 2400 mPas
Density:
max. 1.40 kg/dm
Due to the considerable reduction in efficiency, centrifugal pumps should only be used here in exceptional cases.
For viscosity values higher than 500 mPas, the use
of rotary lobe pumps from the NOVAlobe range is recommended. See fig. 11.
When using centrifugal pumps for this medium, each
case should be checked individually to determine the
best method of dimensioning the pump and motor.
38
Fig. 11. Hilge NOVAlobe rotary pump
Basic and general advice is given below on selecting

and dimensioning rotary lobe pumps for sucrose solutions.
Rotary lobe pumps are dimensioned on the basis of
the media data and the operating point. The characteristic curve of the pump is based on linear functions
relating flow rates to rotational speed: See fig. 12.
Fig. 12. Characteristic curve of NOVAlobe pump
The green line shows the theoretical flow rate at the

corresponding rotational speed (chamber volume of
the pump x rotational speed).
The blue line shows the flow rate relating to the viscosity. The losses due to reverse flow in the pump
are taken into account here ((chamber volume of the
pump x rotational speed) - reverse flow losses). The reverse flow that occurs here increases with decreasing
viscosity and with increasing differential pressure.
Consequently, the following data is essential if the
pump is to be dimensioned properly:
Viscosity
Density
Temperature of the medium
Flow rate
Differential pressure
For highly viscous products, the shortest possible
length of pipe should be selected for the suction side
to ensure efficient inflow. For very high viscosity values (> 5000 mPas) it may be necessary to equip the
pump with a wider inlet (rectangular) and to position
the pump vertically, directly below the tank.
Your Grundfos partners will be happy to assist you
in determining the precise configuration and dimensions of the pumps.
Selecting the mechanical seal
For conveying sucrose solutions, the use of flushed
single mechanical seals (quench) with the material
39
dimensioning guide / Frequency converter operation for centrifugal pumps
combination of SiC/SiC/EPDM has proved its worth

in practice.
In individual cases, and taking into account the specific design and cleaning requirements of the system
in question, single mechanical seals with no flushing
could also be used.
Non-pressurised or pressurised double-acting sealing
systems can also be used for liquids at high temperatures.
Frequency converter operation for

centrifugal pumps
See fig. 13.
In many areas of the liquid sugar or invert sugar syrup processing industries, pumps are used not only to
convey viscous media, but also as CIP pumps or for
pumping water or water-like media.
This often results in widely differing operating points,
and therefore represents an ideal case for the use of
variable speed pumps with frequency converters.
External frequency converters (Grundfos CUE) installed in the control cabinet or mounted on the wall and,
particularly, pumps with frequency converters built
into the motor (Grundfos MGE) are the ideal solution
in this case.
The Grundfos MGE motors, in particular, meet all the
requirements and can be supplied with a wide range
of programming options (specially coordinated for
use with Hilge process pumps).
A multitude of customer-specific settings is also possible.
Furthermore, with product pumps that convey viscous liquids, temperature-related fluctuations in
viscosity, for example, can be balanced out and a continuous pumping process can be maintained.
40
Fig. 13. Hilge stainless steel Euro-HYGIA

I Adapta on cast iron foot with integrated
frequency converter
Further information and supporting lines of reasoning can be found in the brochure THE VARIABLE
SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - Practical Examples from
the Field of Instrumentation and Control.
Configuration of centrifugal pumps

All the selected pumps can be configured using the
Hilge Pump Configurator in the usual way.
No additional factors need to be taken into account.
When configuring pumps for use in explosion-protected situations (ATEX), the relevant ATEX regulations must be observed without restriction.
The same requirements also apply to pumps that
have been configured with customer-specific features.
The configuration of ATEX pumps and pumps with
customer-specific features cannot be changed.
See fig. 14 on the following page.
41
dimensioning guide / Appendix
Fig. 14.
Hilge Pump
Configurator
(example)
42
Appendix
Appendix 1
1.0
CH
0.9
0.8
0.6 x Qopt
0.8 x Qopt
1.0 x Qopt
1.2 x Qopt
0.7
Corrective factors
0.6
1.0
CQ
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cq
0.5
0.4
0.2
0
4000
300
0
200
0
1000
80
600
400
300
200
10
1000
8
60
40
30
20
Kinematic viscosity in mm/s
0
20
0
10
60
40
20
10
5
Head H [mWC]
0.3
Head H [mWC]
Please observe restrictions

on and reference of
application of corrective
factors!
0
20
0
10
60
40
20
10
56
8 10
15
20
30 40 50 60 80 100
150 200
300 400
600 800 1000
2000
Flow Q [m/h]
Only
permitted
To be
used as as
preparation
data
guideline only
Corrective factors according to STANDARDS OF

THE HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE New York, USA
43
dimensioning guide / appendix
Appendix 2
Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU
(175/150 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz
Q = 13,5 m/h - H = 51,5 mFls
44
Appendix 3
Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU
(175/120 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz
Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 mFls
45
dimensioning guide / appendix
Appendix 4
Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU
(175/165 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz
Q = 16,5 m/h - H = 55,5 mFls
46
Appendix 5
Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU
(175/120 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz
Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 mFls
47
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Engineering Manual / General

Hilge Dimensioning Guide For Sugar Syup and Other Viscous Media

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Hilge Dimensioning Guide For Sugar Syup and Other Viscous Media

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GRUNDFOS IndustrY

DIMENSIONING GUIDE FOR INTERNAL USE

DIMENSIONING GUIDE for internal use

Copyright 2011 GRUNDFOS Management A/S. All rights reserved.

Definitions and material data

dimensioning guide / definitions and material data

mm/s = millimetres squared per second (dynamic viscosity)

There are also various other units of measurement for

The influence of temperature on viscosity

Material characteristics of typically

dimensioning guide / definitions and material data

This product contains 1/3 sucrose (disaccharide), 1/3

Viscosity [mPas] at 20C

Table 1. Viscosity values

and silicon carbide/carbon can therefore be excluded.

What is CIP and what is SIP?

Types of application for centrifugal pumps

dimensioning guide / types of applications for centrifugal pumps

suitable mechanical seal.

Suitable pumps model ranges and

Table 2 shows a small selection of the certificates that

Further certificates, documents and acceptance test

HYGIA HYGIA Contra HYGIANA

For viscosity values higher than 1000 mPas, the use

dimensioning guide / STAndard mechanical seals

Standard mechanical seals

a = hard carbon, resin-impregnated

k = silicon carbide (solid SiC)

i = silicon carbide ( SiC - shrunk, in stainless

E = EPDM, with FDA conformity

H = EPDM, with FDA and USP Class VI conformity

Comprehensive information on Hilge mechanical

Fig. 3. Hilge standard mechanical

Fig. 4. Hilge standard mechanical

Hard carbon, resin

Hard carbon, resin

Hard carbon, resin

Hard carbon, resin

Hard carbon, resin,

Hard carbon, resin

Hard carbon, resin,

Hard carbon, resin,

Hard carbon, resin,

dimensioning guide / STAndard mechanical seals

General information regarding mechanical seals

Fig. 5. Schematic presentation of

This supply must be unpressurised (maximum

A quench seal is a single, flushed mechanical

Fig. 6. Schematic presentation of

Both of these sealing systems work in exactly the

: tandem mechanical seal

: tandem mechanical seal

: tandem mechanical seal

The rotary pumps of the NOVAlobe range can be fitted

dimensioning guide / applications

Selecting the impeller

Fig. 7. Pump characteristic curve

Pump characteristic curve

liquid sugar, approx. 67Bx

approx. 1.33 kg/dm

approx. 230 mPas approx. 175 mm/s.

The values determined in this way serve as reference

dimensioning guide / applications