China Notes:

12 million peaseants were addicted to it

Yelllow river flooded
Qing Dynasty were from Manchuria in north of
China
- Opium is a narcotic released from poppies
- British wanted tea and could not pay as they were
asked to pay in silver
- First Opium war 1839-1842
- Second war 1856-1860
- Tea exports from China grew from 92,000 pounds
in 1700 to 2.7 million pounds in 1751
- By 1800 the East India Company was buying 23
million pounds of tea per year at a cost of 3.6
million pounds of silver
- The White Lotus Rebellion (17961804)
- Price of food went up as farmers chose to grow tea
and china instead.
- Poverty was spread through China
- Tea export increased by 500%
- British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (1843)
- World silver stock increased from 35,000 tons in
1500 to 168,000 tons in 1800
- of all the silver in America ended up in China
- Daoguang Emperor during the first opium war
- open new ports, fix regular tariffs on imports and
exports, and abolish the merchant guild, or
Cohong, system of commerce
o Lowered import duties
- right, trade privilages
- By estimate 90% of young males in east coast were
addicted to opium by 1830s
- This caused the first War
- Lin Zexu captured 13 brit smugglers. In April 1839 he
destroyed 42,000pipes and 20,000 150-pound chests
valued at 2 million pounds
- IN July 7 1839 british men vandalised chinese property
and killed a man. The british did not hand them over and
angered the chinese.
- Qing officials declared no foreign merchants would trade
nless they obeyed law
- Cost of the 1st war:
- First opium war lost 69 british troops and approx,
18,000chinese soldiers
- Treaty of Nanjing
- (Aug. 29, 1842)
- QV and Daogang made a treaty. = 5 ports and 5% tarriff,
Hong Kong, Trade with locals and war costs = 21million
silver dollars
- They lost prestige and suffered economic hardship
- Second Opium War
- Britain wanted more
- 8/10 1856 Men onboard Arrow were captured and china
had to hand them over.
- Britain destroyes 20 nval junks between october 23 nd
november 13 1856

China was currently dealing with the Taiping rebellion.

French preacher was practicing outside are, was beheaded,
used as excuse.
- Between December57 and mid58 theanglo french
captured guangzhou, guangdond and Taku Forts.
- Cost of 2nd war:
-Second war west lost 2,900 kll or wounded. China 12,00030,000kll / wounded
- Resulted in Britain gets south kowloon, extraterritorial
Treaty of Tienstein1858
o China signed the Treaty of tienstien; Foreign embassies in
Peking, beijing, and 11 new ports, Westerners were
allowed to travel in interior China, Opium was legalized
free navigation & 8 million taels of silver
- Xiangfeng Emperor for 2nd war
- Taiping Rebellion
- Hong Xiuguan
- Dislied manchus and customs
- Blamed them for failing imperial exma 4x,
- Influenced by christianity and thought he was brother of
Jesus
- Wanted:
o Equal land holding
o Gender equality
-Wanated to Get rid off:
- Alcohol, opium
- Foot-binding
- Prostitution
- 12 years to end
- 20 mill lives lost
- People fledfor gold rushes
- Boxer Rebellion:
- 1898-1900
- Semi religious peasant group
- A.k.a Society of Right and Harmonious Fists
- First wanted to get rid of Qing
- Then only rid of foreigners
- Thought they were invincible
- Fear of the West, floods (Yellow River and the traditional
spirits), and rumours encouraged suspicion and
- resentment of foreigners especially foreign
missionaries.
- June 13th 1900, Boxers swarmed Beijing, sieged foreign
legations, burned churches, killed Christian converts.
- August 14th, Eight-Nation Alliance of 18000 men
defeated the Boxers, further tarnishing the dynastys
image.September 7th 1901, Boxer Protocol insisted for
the execution of government officials who had supported
the Boxers, provisions for foreign troops to be stationed
in Beijing, 450 million taels of silver to be paid as
indemnity to the eight nations involved.
- Effects of the rebellion:
- China had to pay $333million over 40yrs
- Long term it prevented foreigners from going throught
the partition of china; china could have been carved up
- Demands for reform and revolution